Methods and apparatus thereof performed by a terminal or network in a wireless communication system

Abstract

A method performed by a terminal according to an embodiment of the present disclosure includes the following steps: acquiring system information in a first cell; sending a random access preamble to a second cell to request the transmission of System Information Block 1 (SIB1) in the second cell; and monitoring downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response in the second cell based on a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI), wherein the system information acquired in the first cell may include configuration information about a search space set of the second cell for monitoring the DCI.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This disclosure relates to a wireless communication system, and more specifically, to a method and apparatus for performing wireless communication between a user equipment (UE) and a network in a wireless communication system. Background Technology

[0002] 5G mobile communication systems, as the successor to LTE, represent a new state of mobile communication characterized by high performance, low latency, and high availability. 5G NR can utilize all available spectrum resources, from low-frequency bands below 1 GHz, to mid-frequency bands between 1 GHz and 10 GHz, and to high-frequency bands above 24 GHz (such as millimeter waves). 6G systems are being developed based on the fundamental technologies of 5G mobile communication.

[0003] In NR, a Cell Definition (CD) Synchronization Signal Block (SSB) is defined as providing configuration information for System Information Block 1 (SIB1) scheduling; however, a Non-Cell Definition (NCD) SSB is defined as not providing configuration information for SIB1 scheduling. The NCD-SSB provides information about its frequency location (e.g., synchronization grid) based on the parameter Kssb. User Equipment (UE) can obtain SIB1 based on the CD-SSB located at that frequency location.

[0004] In the NR Release 19 standardization, On-Demand SIB1 has recently been discussed as one of the topics for Network Energy Saving (NES). Unlike cells that periodically / statically transmit SIB1 (hereinafter, Cell A), cells that support On-Demand SIB1 transmission based on requests from UEs / determination by base stations (BS) can be introduced (hereinafter, NES cells). Summary of the Invention

[0005] Technical issues

[0006] The purpose of this disclosure is to provide a method and apparatus for efficiently performing a wireless signal transmission / reception process. For example, a method for requesting OD SIB1 transmission on a cell supporting On-Demand System Information Block 1 (OD SIB1) transmission and a network configuration therefor are provided.

[0007] In addition to the technical objectives described above, other technical objectives can be inferred from the following description.

[0008] Technical solution

[0009] According to one aspect of this disclosure, a method performed by a user equipment (UE) may include: obtaining system information from a first cell; transmitting a random access preamble on a second cell for requesting the transmission of System Information Block 1 (SIB1) on the second cell; and monitoring downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response on the second cell based on a Random Access Radio Network Temporary Identifier (RA-RNTI). The system information obtained from the first cell may include configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for monitoring the DCI.

[0010] The UE can obtain information about the frequency location of the first SSB in the first cell based on the second synchronization signal block (SSB) in the second cell.

[0011] Based on the parameter k included in the second SSB SSB The value is set to 30 for the first frequency range or 14 for the second frequency range, so that the UE can obtain information about the frequency location of the first SSB.

[0012] The UE can determine the frequency offset value based on the first parameter for controlling resource set (CORESET) 0 included in the second SSB and the second parameter for searching space set 0, and determine that the first SSB is located at a position that is an integer multiple of the frequency offset value separated from the frequency position of the second SSB.

[0013] For each of the first and second frequency ranges, the integer values ​​used for integer multiples can be different.

[0014] The UE can receive the first SSB on the first cell based on information about the frequency location of the first SSB.

[0015] System information of the first cell can be obtained based on the first SSB.

[0016] The system information obtained from the first cell may further include at least one of the following: information on whether SIB1 is being transmitted on the second cell, information on the start time of the SIB1 transmission, and information on the end time of the SIB1 transmission.

[0017] The sending of a random access preamble for requesting SIB1 transmission can be triggered based on system information updates on the second cell.

[0018] The UE can receive the Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) associated with the random access response based on the DCI, and receive SIB1 on the second cell.

[0019] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a non-transitory computer-readable recording medium for storing a program for performing the above-described methods can be provided.

[0020] According to another aspect of this disclosure, an apparatus may include: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor configured to perform operations by executing the instructions. The operation of the processor may include: obtaining system information from a first cell; transmitting a random access preamble on a second cell for requesting SIB1 transmissions on the second cell; and monitoring the DCI associated with the random access response on the second cell based on RA-RNTI. The system information obtained from the first cell may include configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for monitoring the DCI.

[0021] The device may further include a transceiver.

[0022] The device can be a UE operating in a wireless communication system.

[0023] The device can be a processing device configured to control a UE operating in a wireless communication system.

[0024] According to another aspect of this disclosure, a method performed by a BS may include: transmitting system information on a first cell; receiving a random access preamble requesting SIB1 transmission in a second cell; and transmitting a DCI associated with the random access response in the second cell based on RA-RNTI. The system information transmitted on the first cell may include configuration information for a search space set in the second cell for transmitting the DCI.

[0025] According to another aspect of this disclosure, the BS may include: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor configured to perform operations by executing the instructions. The processor's operations may include: transmitting system information on the first cell; receiving from the UE a request for a random access preamble for SIB1 on a second cell based on on-demand provision of SIB1; and transmitting a DCI associated with the random access response on the second cell based on RA-RNTI. The system information transmitted on the first cell may include configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for transmitting the DCI.

[0026] Beneficial effects

[0027] According to this disclosure, signal transmission and reception can be performed efficiently in a wireless communication system. The OD SSB1 request process of a user equipment (UE) can be performed more efficiently by providing information for requesting OD SSB1 transmission on a second cell (e.g., a Network Energy Saving (NES) cell) via system information from a first cell (e.g., cell A).

[0028] Other technical effects can be inferred from the detailed description. Attached Figure Description

[0029] Figure 1 The illustrations show some examples of flexible network topologies to which this disclosure applies.

[0030] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates an example of the structure applicable to the wireless communication system disclosed herein.

[0031] Figure 3 The illustrations are examples of wireless devices applicable to this disclosure.

[0032] Figure 4 The diagram illustrates the communication process between a first node (e.g., UE) and a second node (e.g., BS) in this disclosure.

[0033] Figure 5 An example of a general functional framework for AI / ML models is shown.

[0034] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the communication process between a first node (e.g., UE) and a second node (e.g., BS) to which an AI / ML model is applied.

[0035] Figure 7 The illustration shows an example of an electromagnetic spectrum that can be applied to embodiments of this disclosure.

[0036] Figure 8 The illustration shows an example of a process for transmitting system information applicable to THz communication as disclosed herein.

[0037] Figure 9 The illustration shows an example of a beam management process applicable to this disclosure.

[0038] Figure 10 The illustrations are examples of sensing operations that can be applied to this disclosure.

[0039] Figure 11 The illustrations are examples of time / frequency resources applicable to sensing operations in this disclosure.

[0040] Figure 12 The illustrations are examples of processes applicable to sensing operations in this disclosure.

[0041] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates an exemplary operation process of a BS that supports Network Energy Saving (NES) technology.

[0042] Figure 14 The diagram illustrates an exemplary process for discontinuous transmission (DTX) / discontinuous reception (DRX) operation in a cell.

[0043] Figure 15 The diagram illustrates an exemplary process for carrier aggregation (CA) operation of a secondary cell (SCell) using a synchronization block (SSB).

[0044] Figure 16 The illustration illustrates an exemplary conditional switching (CHO) process.

[0045] Figure 17 The illustration shows an example of on-demand SSB transmission.

[0046] Figure 18 The illustration shows an exemplary SSB transmission operated by a BS operating multiple frequency bands.

[0047] Figure 19 The illustration shows the SIB1 transmission / reception process between the network and the UE according to an embodiment.

[0048] Figure 20 This is a diagram used to explain the operation of the UE according to an embodiment.

[0049] Figure 21 This is a diagram used to explain the BS operation according to the embodiment. Detailed Implementation

[0050] In this disclosure, "A or B" can mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". In other words, in this disclosure, "A or B" can be interpreted as "A and / or B". For example, in this disclosure, "A, B or C" can mean "A only", "B only", "C only", or "any combination of A, B, and C".

[0051] The forward slash ( / ) or comma used in this disclosure may mean "and / or". For example, "A / B" may mean "A and / or B". Accordingly, "A / B" may mean "A only", "B only", or "both A and B". For example, "A, B, C" may mean "A, B, or C".

[0052] In this disclosure, "at least one of A and B" can mean "only A", "only B" or "both A and B". Furthermore, in this disclosure, the expression "at least one of A or B" or "at least one of A and / or B" can be interpreted as "at least one of A and B".

[0053] Furthermore, in this disclosure, "at least one of A, B and C" can mean "only A", "only B", "only C" or "any combination of A, B and C". Additionally, "at least one of A, B or C" or "at least one of A, B and / or C" can mean "at least one of A, B and C".

[0054] Furthermore, the brackets used in this disclosure can indicate "for example". Specifically, when expressed as "control information (ABC)", "ABC" can describe an example of "control information". For example, "control information" can also include DEF as another example. In other words, the "control information" of this disclosure is not limited to "ABC", but can only describe an example of "control information". Moreover, even when expressed as "control information (i.e., ABC)", "ABC" can also describe an example of "control information".

[0055] Furthermore, the terms "first," "second," etc., used in this disclosure are only used to distinguish one component from another and are not used to limit these components, and unless otherwise specified, do not limit the order, importance, etc., of the components. Therefore, a first component in one embodiment of this disclosure may be referred to as a second component in another embodiment, and similarly, a second component in one embodiment may be referred to as a first component in another embodiment.

[0056] In the following description, “when…”, “if…”, or “in the case of…” can be replaced with “based on”.

[0057] In this disclosure, a technical feature described individually in a figure may be implemented individually or together.

[0058] In this disclosure, a terminal refers to a user-side device (UE, UE) or a consumer-side device, and may also be referred to as a first node that receives or transmits signals to a base station (BS) / second node / integrated access and backhaul (IAB) node or transmit-receive point (TRP). A terminal may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A terminal may correspond to an intermediate point between a user-side endpoint or other endpoints. In communication between two points (including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many communication) not limited to endpoints, a terminal may correspond to a served node. A terminal may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a non-fixed location (i.e., a mobile node).

[0059] In this disclosure, BS (BS) refers to a network-side device and may also be referred to as a second node, IAB node, x-Node B (where x may be an abbreviation related to Radio Access Technology (RAT)), or Transmit-Receive Point (TRP). A BS may correspond to a physical node or a logical node. A BS may correspond to an intermediate point between network-side endpoints or other endpoints. In communication between two points, not limited to endpoints (including one-to-one, many-to-one, one-to-many, and many-to-many communication), a BS may correspond to a serving node. A BS may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a variable location.

[0060] In this disclosure, higher-layer parameters can be configured, pre-configured, or predefined for the UE. For example, the BS can send higher-layer parameters to the UE. For example, the UE can send parameters such as capabilities to the BS as higher-layer parameters. For example, higher-layer parameters can be sent via Radio Resource Control (RRC) signaling or Media Access Control (MAC) signaling.

[0061] In this disclosure, when information / status / parameters are "configured or pre-configured," it can be interpreted as the information / status / parameters being provided or pre-provided to the UE via predefined signaling (e.g., SIB, MAC, RRC) from the BS. In this disclosure, when information / status / parameters are "defined or pre-defined," it can be interpreted as the information / status / parameters being known or stored in advance at both the BS and the UE without the need for signaling between them.

[0062] The techniques described in this disclosure can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA), Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA), Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA), Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA), and Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA). CDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA) or CDMA2000. TDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM) / General Packet Radio Service (GPRS) / GSM Evolution Enhanced Data Rate (EDGE). OFDMA can be implemented using radio technologies such as IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, Evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), Long Term Evolution (LTE), or 5G New Radio (NR).

[0063] The technologies described in this disclosure can be implemented as 6G wireless technologies and can be applied to various 6G systems. For example, 6G systems can have key elements such as enhanced mobile broadband (eMBB), ultra-reliable low-latency communication (URLLC), massive machine-type communication (mMTC), artificial intelligence (AI) integrated communication, tactile internet, high throughput, high network capacity, high energy efficiency, low backhaul and access network congestion, and enhanced data security.

[0064] <Symbols, Abbreviations, Terms>

[0065] PDCCH: Physical Downlink Control Channel

[0066] DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0067] PDSCH: Physical Downlink Shared Channel

[0068] PUSCH: Physical Uplink Shared Channel

[0069] CSI: Channel State Information

[0070] RRM: Radio Resource Management

[0071] SCS: Subcarrier Spacing

[0072] RLM: Radio Link Monitoring

[0073] DCI: Downlink Control Information

[0074] CAP: Channel Access Procedure

[0075] Ucell: Unauthorized Cell

[0076] TBS: Transport Block Size

[0077] TDRA: Time Domain Resource Allocation

[0078] SLIV: Start and Length Indicator Value (An indicator value used for the start symbol index and the number of symbols within a slot for PDSCH and / or PUSCH. It can be configured as a component of the entries forming the TDRA field in the PDCCH that schedules PDSCH and / or PUSCH.)

[0079] BWP: Bandwidth portion (which may include contiguous resource blocks (RBs) on the frequency axis and corresponds to a single set of parameters (e.g., subcarrier spacing, CP length, or slot / microslot duration). Furthermore, multiple BWPs can be configured on a single carrier (the number of BWPs per carrier may also be limited), but the number of active BWPs can be limited to a subset of them per carrier (e.g., one).

[0080] CORESET: Control Resource Set (It refers to the time-frequency resource area where PDCCH can be transmitted; the number of CORESETs per BWP may be limited.)

[0081] REG: Resource Element Group

[0082] SFI: Slot Format Indicator (An indicator of the symbol-level DL / UL direction within a specific time slot. Transmitted via the group common PDCCH.)

[0083] COT: Channel Occupancy Time

[0084] SPS: Semi-Persistent Scheduling

[0085] QCL: Quasi-co-located (The QCL relationship between two reference signals (RS) means that QCL parameters such as Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread, and spatial Rx parameter obtained from one RS can be applied to another RS ​​(or the antenna port of another RS). In NR systems, the following four QCL types are defined: 'typeA': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread, average delay, delay spread}, 'typeB': {Doppler shift, Doppler spread}, 'typeC': {Doppler shift, average delay}, and 'typeD': {spatial Rx parameter}. For a given DL RS antenna port, a first DL RS can be configured as a reference for QCL type X (X = A, B, C, or D), and additionally, a second DL RS can be configured as a reference for QCL type Y (Y = A, B, C, or D, where X ≠ Y).)

[0086] TCI: Transmission Configuration Indication (A TCI state includes the QCL relationship between one or more DL RSs and the DM-RS ports of the PDSCH, DM-RS ports of the PDCCH, or CSI-RS resources. In the DCI fields of the scheduling PDSCH, the TCI state index corresponding to each code point included in the 'Transmission Configuration Indication' field is activated by the MAC CE, and the TCI state configuration for each TCI state index is configured via RRC signaling. In Rel-16 NR systems, the corresponding TCI states are configured between DL RSs. However, in future versions, configuration between DL RSs and UL RSs or between UL RSs may be allowed. Examples of UL RSs include SRS, PUSCH DM-RS, and PUCCH DM-RS.)

[0087] SRI: SRS Resource Indicator (It indicates one of the SRS resource index values ​​set in the 'SRS resourceindicator' field of the DCI that schedules the PUSCH. When transmitting PUSCH, the UE can transmit the PUSCH using the same spatial domain transmission filter used for transmitting / receiving the RS associated with the corresponding SRS resource. In this case, a reference RS can be configured for each SRS resource via the SRS-SpatialRelationInfo parameter through RRC signaling, and SS / PBCH blocks, CSI-RS, or SRS can be configured as reference RSs.)

[0088] TRP: Sending and Receiving Point

[0089] TAG: Timed advance group

[0090] PBCH: Physical Broadcast Channel

[0091] SS: Synchronization signal

[0092] SSB: PBCH / SS block

[0093] Figure 1 The diagram illustrates an example of a flexible network topology applicable to this disclosure.

[0094] To compensate for incomplete network coverage areas, a more flexible and resilient split radio access network (RAN) topology can be considered. For this purpose, applications such as... Figure 1 The diagram illustrates various nodes such as IAB nodes, repeaters, and RF repeaters, and NTN can also be integrated. For example, an IAB node can correspond to a node that provides wireless backhaul. For example, a repeater can refer to any intermediate point, and in the case of a UE acting as a side-link repeater, it can be collectively referred to as a UE-to-network (U2N) repeater and a UE-to-UE (U2U) repeater. For example, an RF repeater can correspond to a node that performs simple signal amplification and transfer, and in the case of a network-controlled repeater, it can not only perform signal amplification and transfer but also adjust the transmit and receive configurations based on information provided from the network. For example, an NTN node can correspond to a satellite or aircraft that provides NTN coverage that is difficult for terrestrial networks to provide. In addition to these examples, various other intermediate points can be introduced to improve the network topology.

[0095] Reference Figure 1 A split RAN can support dividing a Base Station (BS) into a Centralized Unit (CU) and one or more Distributed Units (DUs). CUs and DUs can correspond to logical units. A CU can be further divided into a Control Plane (CP) portion and one or more User Plane (UP) portions. Because a CU-CP failure affects not only CU-UPs but also DUs, various intermediate points can be introduced to compensate for the failure.

[0096] Intermediate points can correspond to either a UE or a BS based on their relative relationship with other nodes. For example, an IAB node may include a Mobile Terminal (MT) portion and a DU. The MT can connect the IAB node to a donor node. The DU of an IAB node can provide services to other UEs or connect to another IAB node to provide multi-hop radio backhaul to the UE. In other words, an IAB node can correspond to a BS in its relationship with user-side nodes, and to a UE in its relationship with network-side nodes.

[0097] In some examples of this disclosure, the description of the UE can be applied equally not only to the user-side endpoint but also to the intermediate point corresponding to the UE in relation to the network-side endpoint. Similarly, in some examples of this disclosure, the description of the BS can be applied equally not only to the network-side endpoint but also to the intermediate point corresponding to the BS in relation to the user-side endpoint. However, where no additional description is provided for the operation of three or more entities in most cases, the communication entities in this disclosure are briefly described by the terms UE and / or BS (or first node and / or second node), wherein the terms UE and / or BS (or first node and / or second node) are to be interpreted as including or replacing any endpoint or intermediate point depending on the relationship with other nodes.

[0098] In other words, in some examples of this disclosure, for the sake of brevity, the subjects of the operation may be referred to as BS and / or UE (or first node and / or second node). Furthermore, the terms BS and / or UE (or first node and / or second node) may be interpreted or replaced as follows: for example, BS (or first node) and UE (or second node) may correspond to the first endpoint and the second endpoint, respectively; may correspond to the endpoint and the intermediate point, respectively; may correspond to the intermediate point and the endpoint, respectively; or may correspond to the first intermediate point and the second intermediate point, respectively.

[0099] In this disclosure, there may be no intermediate point between the BS and the UE, or there may be one or more intermediate points. When an intermediate point exists, it may correspond to an IAB node, repeater, RF repeater, non-terrestrial network (NTN) node, or a node supporting other functions. The intermediate point may be a node with a fixed location or a node with a variable location.

[0100] Figure 2 The diagram illustrates an example of the structure applicable to the wireless communication system of this disclosure.

[0101] Application of this disclosure Figure 2The communication system 100 includes a wireless device 110, a network device 120, and a network 130. The wireless device 110 refers to a device that performs communication using radio access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, LTE-A Pro, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G) and may be referred to as a communication / radio / 5G / 6G device. The wireless device 110 may include, but is not limited to, robots 110a, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2, extended reality (XR) devices 110c, handheld devices 110d, home appliances 110e, Internet of Things (IoT) devices 110f, and artificial intelligence (AI) devices / servers 110g. For example, vehicles may include vehicles with wireless communication capabilities, autonomous vehicles, or vehicles capable of performing vehicle-to-vehicle communication, and vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2 may include unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) such as drones. XR device 110c may include augmented reality (AR), virtual reality (VR), or mixed reality (MR) devices, and can be implemented in the form of a head-up display (HMD), a head-up display (HUD) installed in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a computer, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, or a robot. Handheld device 110d may include a smartphone, a smart tablet, a wearable device (e.g., a smartwatch, smart glasses), or a computer (e.g., a laptop computer). Home appliance 110e may include a television, a refrigerator, or a washing machine. IoT device 110f may include sensors or smart meters. Wireless device 110 may correspond to a UE (or a first node) or an intermediate point. Network device 120 may correspond to a BS (or a second node) or another intermediate point. For example, network device 120 may also be implemented as wireless device 110, and a particular wireless device 120a may act as a network device 120 for another wireless device 110.

[0102] Wireless devices 110a to 110f can be connected to network 130 via network device 120. AI technology can be applied to wireless devices 110a to 110f, and these devices can be connected to AI server 110g via network 130. Network 130 can be configured using a 3G network, a 4G (e.g., LTE) network, a 5G (e.g., NR) network, or a 6G network. Wireless devices 110a to 110f can communicate with each other via network device 120 / network 130, or they can communicate directly without the intervention of network device 120 / network 130 (e.g., sidelink communication). For example, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2 can perform direct communication (e.g., vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V) / vehicle-to-everything (V2X) communication). Furthermore, IoT device 110f (e.g., a sensor) can communicate directly with another IoT device (e.g., another sensor) or another wireless device 110a to 110f.

[0103] Wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can be established between wireless devices 110a to 110f and network device 120, as well as among network devices 120. Here, the wireless communication / connections can be established through various wireless access technologies, such as uplink / downlink communication 150a, sidelink communication 150b (or D2D communication), and communication between network devices 150c (e.g., relay, integrated access backhaul (IAB)). Through wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c, wireless devices can send and receive wireless signals to and from each other, as well as between network devices. For example, wireless communication / connections 150a, 150b, and 150c can send and receive signals through various physical channels. Therefore, based on the various descriptions of this disclosure, at least a portion of various configuration information, various signal processing procedures (e.g., channel coding / decoding, modulation / demodulation, resource mapping / demapping, etc.), and resource allocation procedures can be executed for configuring the process of sending / receiving wireless signals.

[0104] Figure 3 The illustration shows an example of a wireless device applicable to this disclosure.

[0105] Reference Figure 3 The wireless device 200 can transmit / receive radio signals through various wireless access technologies (e.g., LTE, LTE-A, pre-LTE-A, NR, 5G, 5G-A, 6G). The wireless device 200 may include at least one processor 202 and at least one memory 204, and further include at least one transceiver 206 and / or at least one antenna 208.

[0106] Processor 202 may be configured to control memory 204 and / or transceiver 206 and implement the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. For example, processor 202 may generate a first information / signal by processing information in memory 204 and then transmit a radio signal including the first information / signal via transceiver 206. Additionally, processor 202 may receive a radio signal including a second information / signal via transceiver 206 and then store information obtained from the signal processing of the second information / signal in memory 204. Memory 204 may be connected to processor 202 and store various information associated with the operation of processor 202. For example, memory 204 may store software code including instructions for implementing some or all of the processes controlled by processor 202 or for implementing the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. Here, processor 202 and memory 204 may be part of a communication modem / circuit / chip designed to implement wireless communication technology. Transceiver 206 may be connected to processor 202 and transmit and / or receive radio signals via at least one antenna 208. Transceiver 206 may be a transmitter and / or a receiver. Transceiver 206 may be used interchangeably with a radio frequency (RF) unit. In this disclosure, wireless device may refer to a communication modem / circuit / chip.

[0107] The hardware elements of the wireless device 200 will be described in further detail below. Although not limited thereto, at least one processor 202 may implement at least one protocol layer (e.g., functional layers such as Physical (PHY), Media Access Control (MAC), Radio Link Control (RLC), Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP), Radio Resource Control (RRC), and Service Data Adaptation Protocol (SDAP)). At least one processor 202 may generate at least one Protocol Data Unit (PDU) and / or at least one Service Data Unit (SDU) according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor 202 may generate messages, control information, data, or information according to the descriptions, functions, procedures, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document. At least one processor 202 may generate signals (e.g., baseband signals) including PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information according to the functions, procedures, proposals, and / or methods disclosed in this document, and provide such signals to at least one transceiver 206. At least one processor 202 may receive signals (e.g., baseband signals) from at least one transceiver 206 and obtain PDUs, SDUs, messages, control information, data, or information, in accordance with the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document.

[0108] At least one processor 202 may be referred to as a controller, microcontroller, microprocessor, or microcomputer. At least one processor 202 may be implemented by hardware, firmware, software, or a combination thereof. As an example, at least one specific integrated circuit (ASIC), at least one digital signal processor (DSP), at least one digital signal processing device (DSPD), at least one programmable logic device (PLD), or at least one field-programmable gate array (FPGA) may be included in at least one processor 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software, and the firmware or software may be implemented to include modules, processes, or functions. Firmware or software configured to execute the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be included in at least one processor 202, or may be stored in at least one memory 204 and executed by at least one processor 202. The descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document may be implemented using firmware or software in the form of code, instructions, and / or instruction sets.

[0109] At least one memory 204 may be connected to at least one processor 202 and store various forms of data, signals, messages, information, programs, codes, instructions, and / or commands. At least one memory 204 may be configured as read-only memory (ROM), random access memory (RAM), erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), flash memory, hard disk, registers, cache memory, computer-readable storage media, and / or combinations thereof. At least one memory 204 may be located internally and / or externally to at least one processor 202. Furthermore, at least one memory 204 may be connected to at least one processor 202 via various technologies such as wired or wireless connections.

[0110] At least one transceiver 206 can transmit user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the methods and / or operation flowcharts of this document to at least one other device. At least one transceiver 206 can receive user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document from at least one other device. For example, at least one transceiver 206 can be connected to at least one processor 202 to transmit and receive radio signals. For example, at least one processor 202 can control at least one transceiver 206 to transmit user data, control information, or radio signals to at least one other device. Additionally, at least one processor 202 can control at least one transceiver 206 to receive user data, control information, or radio signals from at least one other device. Furthermore, at least one transceiver 206 can be connected to at least one antenna 208, and at least one transceiver 206 can be configured to transmit and receive user data, control information, and radio signals / channels mentioned in the descriptions, functions, processes, proposals, methods, and / or operation flowcharts disclosed in this document via at least one antenna 208. In this document, at least one antenna may be multiple physical antennas or multiple logical antennas (e.g., antenna ports). At least one transceiver 206 can convert received radio signals / channels from RF band signals to baseband signals to facilitate processing of received user data, control information, and radio signals / channels using at least one processor 202. At least one transceiver 206 can convert user data, control information, and radio signals / channels processed using at least one processor 202 from baseband signals to RF band signals. For this purpose, at least one transceiver 206 may include (analog) oscillators and / or filters.

[0111] Reference Figure 3 The components of the described wireless device may be referred to by other terms in terms of their function. For example, processor 202 may be referred to as a control unit, transceiver 206 as a communication unit, and memory 204 as a storage unit. In some cases, "communication unit" may be used to mean at least a portion of processor 202 and transceiver 206.

[0112] Reference Figure 3 The described wireless device structure can be understood as at least a part of various device structures. For example, Figure 3 The structure of the wireless device shown in the figure can be compared with the reference. Figure 2 At least a portion of the various devices described (e.g., robots 110a, vehicles 110b-1 and 110b-2, XR device 110c, handheld device 110d, home appliance 110e, IoT device 110f, and AI device / server 110g) correspond to each other. Furthermore, according to various embodiments, in addition to Figure 3In addition to the components shown in the diagram, the device may also include other components.

[0113] For example, the device can be a handheld device, such as a smartphone, smart tablet, wearable device (e.g., smartwatch, smart glasses), and handheld computer (e.g., laptop computer, etc.). In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a power supply unit that supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, a battery, etc.; an interface unit that includes at least one port for connecting to another device (e.g., an audio input / output port, a video input / output port); and an input / output unit for inputting and outputting video information / signals, audio information / signals, data, and / or information input from the user.

[0114] For example, the device can be a mobile device, such as a mobile robot, vehicle, train, manned / unmanned aerial vehicle (AV), and ship. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a drive unit, which includes at least one of the device's engine, electric motor, power transmission system, wheels, brakes, and steering mechanism; a power supply unit, which supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, batteries, etc.; a sensor unit, which senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; an autopilot unit, which performs functions such as route maintenance, speed control, and destination setting; and a position measurement unit, which obtains the location information of the moving object through a Global Positioning System (GPS) and various sensors.

[0115] For example, the device can be an XR device, such as an HMD, a head-up display (HUD) provided in a vehicle, a television, a smartphone, a wearable device, a home appliance, digital signage, a vehicle, and a robot. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a power supply unit that supplies power and includes wired / wireless charging circuitry, a battery, etc.; an input / output unit that receives control information and data from the outside and outputs the generated XR object; and a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings.

[0116] For example, the device may be a robot, which can be classified according to its purpose or field of use, such as industrial use, medical use, domestic use, military use, etc. In this case, the device may further include at least one of the following: a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; and a drive unit that moves the robot joints and performs various other physical operations.

[0117] For example, the device can be an AI device such as a television, projector, smartphone, personal computer, laptop computer, digital broadcasting terminal, tablet PC, wearable device, set-top box (STB), radio, washing machine, refrigerator, digital signage, robot, and vehicle. In this case, the device may also include at least one of the following: an input unit that receives various types of data from the outside; an output unit that generates outputs associated with vision, hearing, or touch; a sensor unit that senses state information, environmental information, and user information of the device or its surroundings; and a training unit that uses learning data to learn a model composed of an artificial neural network.

[0118] Figure 3 The structure of the wireless device illustrated in the diagram can be understood as part of a terminal (or first node), part of an intermediate point, or part of a base station (or second node). When Figure 3 When the device illustrated in the diagram is a base station (or a second node), the device may also include a wired transceiver for fronthaul and / or backhaul communication. However, when fronthaul and / or backhaul communication is based on wireless communication, a wired transceiver may be used. Figure 3 At least one transceiver 206 shown in the figure is used for forward and / or backhaul communication, and may not include a wired transceiver.

[0119] Figure 4 The illustration is an example of a communication process applicable to a first node (e.g., UE) and a second node (e.g., BS) in this disclosure.

[0120] Figure 4 The second node can support Dynamic Spectrum Sharing (DSS) and can provide connectivity not only to nodes implementing 6G technology but also to nodes implementing pre-6G wireless communication technologies (such as 5G and 4G). In other words, Figure 1 The first node can implement 6G technology, or it can implement pre-6G wireless communication technologies (such as 5G, 4G). In addition, the first node and / or the second node can support not only non-overlapping full-duplex mode, but also full-duplex mode.

[0121] exist Figure 4 For the sake of brevity, it is assumed that the first node and the second node are the UE and the BS, respectively, and the diagram illustrates the operations of UE110 and BS120 in sending and / or receiving data, as well as the operations performed before them. Figure 1 The operations are not limited to those between the UE and the BS, but can also be interpreted as operations between the first node and the second node. Furthermore, although... Figure 1The diagram illustrates the direct wireless signal transmission / reception operation between UE110 and BS120, but there may be one or more intermediate points between UE110 and BS120, and wireless signals can be transmitted and received through one or more intermediate points.

[0122] Reference Figure 4 UE 110 and BS 120 can perform synchronization (401). For example, UE 110 can perform an initial cell search operation. Specifically, UE 110 can detect at least one synchronization signal sent by BS 120 according to predefined rules. Here, the synchronization signal may include multiple synchronization signals classified according to structure or purpose (e.g., primary synchronization signal and secondary synchronization signal, etc.). Through this operation, UE 110 can identify the boundaries of frames, subframes, time slots and / or symbols of BS 120, and can obtain information about BS 120 (e.g., cell ID).

[0123] UE 110 can obtain system information (403) sent from BS 120. System information is information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of BS 120 that is required to connect to and use the services. It can be categorized according to its content (e.g., whether it is necessary for access), transmission structure (e.g., the channel used and whether it is provided on demand), and, for example, can be categorized as MIB and SIB. If necessary, UE 110 may send a signal requesting the system information before receiving it. However, the request and provision of system information can be performed after the random access procedure described later.

[0124] UE 110 and BS 120 can perform a random access procedure (405). UE 110 can send and / or receive at least one message for the random access procedure (e.g., random access preamble, RAR message, etc.) based on information related to the random access procedure of BS 120 obtained through system information (e.g., channel location, channel structure, supported preamble structure, etc.). For example, UE 110 can send a first message (e.g., preamble, MSG1) via a random access channel, receive a second message (e.g., RAR message, MSG2), send a third message (e.g., MSG3) to BS 120 including information related to UE 110 (e.g., identification information) using scheduling information included in the second message, and receive a fourth message (e.g., MSG4) for contention resolution and / or connection establishment. In another example, the first and third messages can be sent and received as a single message, or the second and fourth messages can be sent and received as a single message.

[0125] UE 110 and BS 120 can execute control information signaling (407). Here, control information can be defined in various layers such as the connection control layer (e.g., RRC layer), the layer that processes the mapping between logical channels and transport channels (e.g., MAC layer), and the layer that processes physical channels (e.g., PHY layer). For example, UE 110 and BS 120 can execute at least one of signaling for establishing a connection, signaling for determining communication-related configurations, and signaling for indicating allocated resources.

[0126] UE 110 and BS 120 can transmit and / or receive data (409). In other words, UE 110 and BS 120 can process and transmit and / or receive data based on signaling of control information. For example, when transmitting data, UE 110 or BS 120 can perform at least one of channel coding, rate matching, scrambling, constellation mapping, layer mapping, waveform modulation, antenna mapping, and resource mapping on the information bits. Conversely, when receiving data, UE 110 or BS 120 can perform at least one of resource extraction signal, antenna-specific waveform demodulation, signal placement considering layer mapping, constellation demapping, descrambling, and channel decoding.

[0127] <Key Technologies of 6G Systems>

[0128] 6G (wireless communication) systems aim to achieve: (i) extremely high data rates per device, (ii) a massive number of connected devices, (iii) global connectivity, (iv) ultra-low latency, (v) reduced energy consumption of battery-free Internet of Things (IoT) devices, (vi) ultra-reliable connectivity, and (vii) connected intelligence with machine learning capabilities. The vision of 6G systems can be divided into four aspects: intelligent connectivity, deep connectivity, holographic connectivity, and ubiquitous connectivity.

[0129] As the core implementation technology of 6G systems, technologies such as artificial intelligence (AI), terahertz (THz) communication, optical wireless technology, free space light (FSO) backhaul network, massive MIMO technology, blockchain, 3D networking, quantum communication, unmanned aerial vehicles, cellless communication, wireless information and power transfer (WIET), integrated sensing and communication, integrated access and backhaul network, holographic beamforming, big data analysis, and large smart surfaces (LIS) can be adopted.

[0130] Artificial Intelligence

[0131] Introducing artificial intelligence (AI) into communications can simplify and enhance real-time data transmission. AI can determine how to perform complex tasks by using extensive analysis. In other words, AI can improve efficiency and reduce processing latency. Time-consuming tasks such as handover, network selection, and resource scheduling can be performed instantly by AI. AI can also play an important role in M2M, machine-to-human, and human-to-machine communications. Furthermore, AI can enable high-speed communication in brain-computer interfaces (BCIs). AI-based communication systems can be supported by metamaterials, smart structures, smart networks, smart devices, intelligent cognitive radios, self-sustaining wireless networks, and machine learning.

[0132] The following describes the functional framework used for AI / ML operations.

[0133] To describe AI (or AI / ML) more specifically, the terminology can be defined as follows.

[0134] - Data Acquisition: Data collected from network nodes, management entities, or user units (UEs) to form the basis for AI model training, data analysis, and inference.

[0135] - AI Model: A data-driven algorithm that applies AI technology to generate a set of outputs, including predictive information and / or decision parameters, based on a set of inputs.

[0136] - AI / ML Training: Training AI models by learning functions and patterns that best represent the data and enable inference, either online or offline, to obtain the trained AI / ML model.

[0137] - AI / ML Inference: The process of predicting or deriving decisions based on collected data and the AI ​​model, using a trained AI model.

[0138] The lifecycle management (LCM) process for AI / ML models (i.e., model training, model deployment, model inference, model monitoring, model updates, etc.) can be categorized into function-based LCM and model-based LCM. In function-based LCM, the AI / ML model may not be identified in the network, and the network can indicate the activation / deactivation / rollback / switching of AI / ML functions. In model identifier (ID)-based LCM, the AI / ML model can be identified in the network, and the network / UE can activate / deactivate / select / switch the AI / ML model using the model ID.

[0139] Figure 5 An example of a general functional framework for AI / ML models is shown.

[0140] Figure 5 The illustration shows an example of a general functional architecture related to both function-based LCM and model-based LCM. Figure 5Some functions or parts of the data / information / command flow (i.e., arrows) shown in the diagram may be omitted.

[0141] Reference Figure 5 The general functional framework can be configured to include data acquisition function 10, model training function 20, management function 30, inference function 40, and model storage function 50.

[0142] Data acquisition function 10 provides input data to model training function 20, management function 30, and inference function 40. Data acquisition function 10 can perform data preparation based on raw data, and can provide input data for processing through this data preparation. Examples of raw data may include received or measured data from the UE or other network entities, as well as inference results or outputs from AI / ML models. Data acquisition function 10 can be performed by a single entity (e.g., UE, network node, etc.) or by multiple entities.

[0143] Training data 11 refers to the data required as input for the AI / ML model training function 20. Monitoring data 12 refers to the data required as input for the management function 30 of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. Inference data 13 refers to the data required as input for the AI / ML inference function 30.

[0144] The model training function 20 is part of the AI / ML model testing process and performs AI / ML model training, validation, and testing that can generate model performance metrics. When necessary, the model training function 20 can perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the training data 11 transmitted from the data acquisition function 10.

[0145] Model 21 for training / updating: If model storage function 50 exists, it is used to transfer the AI / ML model for training, validation and testing to model storage function 50, or to transfer an updated version of the model to model storage function 50.

[0146] The management function 30 is a function that supervises the operation of the AI / ML model or AI / ML function. In addition, the management function 30 can make decisions based on data received from the data acquisition function 10 (i.e., monitoring data 12) and / or data received from the inference function 40 (i.e., inference output 41) to ensure appropriate inference operations.

[0147] Management instruction 32 refers to the information required as input to the management inference function 40. The relevant information may include the selection / (de)activation / switching of an AI / ML model or AI / ML-based function, and may also include fallback to non-AI / ML operations (i.e., independent of the inference process).

[0148] Model transfer / delivery request 33 can be used to request one or more models from model storage function 50.

[0149] Performance feedback / retraining request 31 refers to the information required as input to model training function 20 (e.g., for model retraining or model update purposes).

[0150] The inference function 40 uses the data provided by the data acquisition function 10 (i.e., inference data 13) as input to apply an AI / ML model or AI / ML function to provide output. The inference function 40 can perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data 13 transmitted by the data acquisition function 10. If necessary, the inference function 40 can also perform data preparation (e.g., data preprocessing and cleaning, formatting, and transformation) based on the inference data 13 provided by the data acquisition function 10.

[0151] Inference output 41 is data used by management function 30 to monitor the performance of AI / ML models or AI / ML functions. Inference output 41 may include the inference output of the AI / ML model generated by inference function 40, and the details of the inference output may vary depending on the use case.

[0152] Model storage function 50 stores the trained / updated model that can be used to perform inference function 40. Figure 5 The illustrated model storage function 50 can serve as a reference point for protocol termination, model transfer / transmission, and related processes where applicable. Furthermore, model storage function 50 is merely an example and is not intended to limit the actual storage location of AI / ML models; this function can be omitted.

[0153] Model transfer / delivery 51 is used to deliver AI / ML models to inference functions.

[0154] Based on the AI / ML capabilities of multiple nodes, the collaboration level can be defined as follows, and can be modified by combining multiple levels or separating any one level.

[0155] Level 0a) No collaborative framework: AI / ML algorithms are purely based on the implementation method and do not require any modification to the wireless interface.

[0156] Level 0b) This level corresponds to a non-cooperative framework, but involves a modified wireless interface that is adapted to an effectively implemented AI / ML algorithm.

[0157] Level 1 involves node-to-node assistance to improve the AI / ML algorithm on each node. For example, this applies when a particular node receives assistance from another node (for training, adaptation, etc.) and vice versa. At this level, model exchange between network nodes is not required.

[0158] Level 2) enables joint AI / ML operations across multiple nodes. This level requires AI / ML model commands or exchanges between network nodes.

[0159] Figure 5 This is an attached diagram illustrating the overall functional framework of an AI / ML model, and Figure 5 The diagram shows that not all functions and / or all data / information / command signals can be executed within a specific node; perhaps only a portion of them can be executed.

[0160] AI / ML models can be classified as one-sided or two-sided models based on whether training and / or inference are performed within a single node or jointly / sequentially across multiple nodes.

[0161] A one-sided model can refer to an AI / ML model inference performed entirely by a single node (e.g., UE or network). Here, training of the AI / ML model can also be performed entirely by a single node. Training and inference of the AI / ML model can be performed by the same node, or training and inference of the AI / ML model can be performed by different nodes.

[0162] Two-sided models refer to AI / ML models that perform joint inference across multiple nodes (e.g., UE and network). Joint inference means that inference is performed jointly across multiple nodes; for example, the first part of the inference can be performed by the first node, while the remaining part can be performed by the second node. Two-sided models can be classified into several types based on the training methods used to train AI / ML models.

[0163] - Type 1: AI / ML models can be trained on a single node. In this case, joint training can be performed. The trained model can then be distributed to other nodes or entities.

[0164] - Second type: Joint training of AI / ML models can be performed at multiple nodes or entities (e.g., network and UE). Joint training can refer to training model generation (e.g., CSI generation part) and model reconstruction (for CSI compression of sub-use cases) on forward activation and backward gradient within the same loop. Under this type, joint training can include both synchronous training (i.e., performing model generation training and model reconstruction training simultaneously) and sequential training (i.e., performing model reconstruction training after model generation training).

[0165] - The third type: AI / ML models can be trained separately at multiple nodes (e.g., network and UE). Separate training can refer to starting training sequentially at one node and then continuing training at another node. In this case, when the first node executes the AI / ML model first and shares training data with the second node, the second node can use the shared training data to execute the AI / ML model. For example, the training of the CSI generation part can be performed by the UE, while the CSI reconstruction can be performed by the network.

[0166] Figure 6 The diagram illustrates the application of an AI / ML model in the communication process between a first node (e.g., UE) and a second node (e.g., BS).

[0167] Unless otherwise specified (i.e., even without a separate reference such as via / based on / for AI / ML models), the operations described below in this disclosure may also be described or interpreted as being based on AI / ML models, such as Figure 6 As illustrated in the figure. Furthermore, unless otherwise specifically limited in the description of this disclosure, an AI / ML model may correspond to a one-sided model where inference is performed entirely by a single node, or to a two-sided model where joint inference is performed across multiple nodes.

[0168] First signaling (601): In the following description, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signaling, etc.) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., UE, network, etc.) and another node, even without separate mention, can be interpreted as the signaling or set of signaling in the first signaling (601) used to perform operations based on the AI / ML model. For example, it can correspond to Figure 5 The training data used for training (i.e., generating and / or reconstructing) the AI / ML model, the inference data used for inference of the AI / ML model, or the feedback for the AI / ML model. The first signaling (601) can be skipped when signaling between nodes is not required before operations based on the AI / ML model in this disclosure. When a one-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling (set) in this disclosure can correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601). Furthermore, when a two-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling in this disclosure can also correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601), and repeated signaling operations can also correspond to the signaling of the first signaling (601).

[0169] For example, in AI / ML model-based beam management (BM), when the BS predicts (i.e., infers) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model, the BS can receive quality / strength information of multiple beams from the UE. Similarly, when the UE predicts (i.e., infers) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model, the UE can receive multiple beams from the BS.

[0170] Operations based on AI / ML models (602): In the following description, operations (e.g., computation, selection, or prediction) in a specific node (e.g., UE or network) or joint operations (e.g., computation, selection, or prediction) in multiple nodes (e.g., UE and network), even if not individually mentioned, may correspond to operations based on AI / ML models (602) that are based on one or more functions within the functional framework of the AI / ML module. For example, it may correspond to... Figure 5 The training (i.e., generation and / or reconstruction) or inference of the AI / ML model in the present disclosure. When using a one-sided model, the operation performed by a single node in this disclosure may correspond to the operation (602) based on the AI / ML model, and when using a two-sided model, the joint operation performed by multiple nodes in this disclosure may correspond to the operation (602) based on the AI / ML model.

[0171] For example, in a BM based on an AI / ML model, the BS can use the quality / intensity information of multiple beams received from the UE as inference data and predict (i.e., infer) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model. Similarly, the UE can measure multiple beams received from the BS, use the measurement results as inference data, and predict (i.e., infer) a high-quality beam based on the AI / ML model.

[0172] Second signaling (603): In the following description, signaling (e.g., information / data / channel / signaling) or a set of signaling between a specific node (e.g., UE or network) and another node, even if not specifically mentioned, can be interpreted as signaling or a set of signaling generated (as a result) by operations based on an AI / ML model. For example, it can correspond to Figure 5 The output is obtained from the AI / ML model inference. When signaling between nodes is not required as a result of the AI / ML model-based operation in this disclosure, the second signaling (603) can be skipped. When a one-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling (set) in this disclosure can correspond to the signaling of the second signaling (603). Furthermore, when a two-sided model is used in this disclosure, the one-way / two-way signaling in this disclosure can also correspond to the signaling of the second signaling (603), and repeated signaling operations can also correspond to the signaling of the second signaling (603).

[0173] For example, in a beamforming system based on an AI / ML model, the BS can send one or more beams predicted by the AI / ML model as candidate beams to the UE, enabling the UE to determine the optimal beam. Furthermore, the UE can report one or more beams predicted by the AI / ML model as candidate beams to the BS, requesting the BS to send candidate beams for determining the optimal beam.

[0174] < Terahertz (THz) Communication

[0175] Data transmission rates can be increased by expanding bandwidth. This can be achieved by using sub-THz communication with wide bandwidth and applying advanced massive MIMO technology. THz waves, also known as submillimeter-wave radiation, generally refer to the frequency band between 0.1 THz and 10 THz, corresponding to wavelengths of 0.03 mm to 3 mm. The frequency range of 100 GHz–300 GHz (sub-THz band) is considered the main part of the THz band for cellular communication. Adding sub-THz bands to the millimeter-wave band can increase the capacity of 6G cellular communication. Among the defined THz bands, the 300 GHz–3 THz range belongs to the far-infrared (IR) frequency region. The 300 GHz–3 THz range is part of the optical band, but it is located at its boundary, immediately following the RF band. Therefore, the 300 GHz–3 THz range exhibits similarities to the RF band.

[0176] Figure 7 The illustration shows an example of the electromagnetic spectrum applicable to this disclosure. Figure 7 The embodiments described can be combined with various other embodiments. Key characteristics of THz communication include (i) a wide range of available bandwidth supporting extremely high data transmission rates, and (ii) high path loss occurring in the high-frequency band (highly directional antennas are indispensable). The narrow beamwidth generated by highly directional antennas can reduce interference. The short wavelength of THz signals allows for the integration of a much larger number of antenna elements in devices and base stations operating in this band. This enables the use of advanced adaptive array techniques that overcome range limitations.

[0177] In the THz band, transmitting system information (i.e., information related to the attributes, characteristics, and / or capabilities of the BS required to use the service) (e.g., MIB, SIB, etc.) can be inefficient because beamwidth is narrower in the high-frequency band, requiring more frequent beam scans to cover the entire area of ​​the cell. This inefficiency is even lower when the number of users in the cell is small. Therefore, methods such as... Figure 8 The system information sending process is illustrated in the figure.

[0178] Figure 8 The illustration shows an example of a process for transmitting system information applicable to THz communication as described in this disclosure. Although this example is described with consideration of a THz scenario, it can also be applied to 6G communication environments that do not use THz. Furthermore, Figure 8 The illustrated processes can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure described below. For example, the embodiments described below can be based on... Figure 8The system information obtained from the process illustrated is used for execution.

[0179] Reference Figure 8 The BS can transmit system information for cell #1 via cell #2 (801). That is, the BS provides at least two cells, where cell #1 uses the THz frequency band, and cell #2 uses a frequency band other than the THz band. The system information may include at least one of the following: SFN, PDCCH configuration for SIB1, cell disable, cell reselection, or subcarrier spacing generated at a higher layer, and at least one of the following: SFN generated at the physical layer, half-frame indicator, or SSB index. However, this is merely an example, and the system information may include information / status / parameters / configurations related to cell #1 / cell #2 generated by various types of physical layer / higher layer mechanisms. For this purpose, for example, cell #1 and cell #2 may have a secondary cell and primary cell relationship.

[0180] The UE can obtain synchronization for cell #1 (803). Synchronization can be obtained by detecting a synchronization signal. Normally, synchronization is obtained before receiving system information, but since synchronization for cell #1 is obtained from cell #2, synchronization for cell #1 can be obtained after receiving system information. For example, the UE can obtain synchronization based on system information. However, compared with... Figure 8 In contrast, in another example, synchronous fetching can be performed before step 801.

[0181] The UE may transmit a signal to connect to cell #1 (805). For example, the signal may include a random access preamble. The structure of the signal and the resources (e.g., channels) used to transmit the signal can be identified from system information. Thereafter, the UE and BS may perform an access procedure for cell #1 and perform communication (807). In this step, operations according to various embodiments described later may be performed.

[0182] When UE 801 initially connects to cell #1 of the BS, a reference can be performed. Figure 8 The described process. Alternatively, a similar process can be performed when UE 801 performs a handover to cell #1 of the BS. However, in the case of handover, system information for cell #1 can be received from a cell of another BS instead of cell #2 of the BS.

[0183] Communication in the THz band is expected to encounter significant path loss. To overcome this problem, the UE and BS must use extremely narrow beams. The use of narrow beams means that the UE and BS must perform beam control during beamforming, and the number of beams used becomes very large. Therefore, beam alignment between the BS and UE for transmission and reception takes a considerable amount of time. Furthermore, when beam alignment between the BS and UE is disrupted due to UE movement or mobility, frequent beam realignment is required, which can cause link instability. Therefore, methods such as... Figure 9 The diagram illustrates the beam management process.

[0184] Figure 9 The illustration shows an example of a beam management process applicable to this disclosure. Figure 9 An example of a beam search and / or selection process for THz communication is shown. However, this disclosure applies to 6G communication environments and is not limited to THz environments. Furthermore, Figure 9 The processes illustrated herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure described later. Here, beam can be interpreted as “spatial (configuration) information,” “spatial domain filter,” “spatial domain transmit filter,” “spatial domain receive filter,” and / or other terms with equivalent technical meaning that can identify a beam (e.g., reference signal, SSB (synchronization block) index, TRP (transmit / receive point), panel, cell, TP (transmit point), base station, control resource-related information (e.g., CORESET (control resource set)-related information), etc.).

[0185] Reference Figure 9 The BS can be configured with resources for beam management (901). Here, resources may include at least one of time-frequency resources, channels, and spatial resources (e.g., antenna ports). For example, the BS may utilize a beam search signal (BSS) for beam searching, which is spatially separated from existing downlink signals / channels. Here, the BSS may be transmitted based on a specific port for beam searching. This specific port may be different from the port used to transmit existing downlink signals / channels (e.g., synchronization signals such as SSBs or data channels such as physical downlink shared channels). BSS is a term defined for ease of illustration, and the technical concept according to this embodiment is not limited to the term BSS. That is, signals transmitted based on dedicated ports defined / configured for beam searching can be included in the technical concept according to this embodiment.

[0186] The BS can transmit measurement signals (903) using multiple transmit beams. For example, the measurement signals may include at least one of a reference signal and a synchronization signal. In this case, the measurement signals can be transmitted for all beams that need to be measured, and a multi-beam transmission method can be used to transmit them, which can simultaneously form multiple beams to reduce scan time. Here, multi-beam transmission can be performed based on at least one of multiple panels, subarrays, and true time delay (TTD).

[0187] The UE can send a feedback signal to the BS (905). This feedback signal indicates at least one beam selected by the UE. The UE can select at least one preferred beam based on the received measurement signal. The UE and the BS can then perform communication (907). At this time, the UE and the BS can perform communication using the selected beam. When channel reciprocity is established, the UE's transmit beam can also be determined through steps 903 and 905, therefore, the UE's transmit operation can be performed using the beam selected in step 905. When channel reciprocity is not established, the process of determining the UE's transmit beam, including sending a measurement signal through the UE and sending a feedback signal through the BS, is performed first. In operation 907, operations according to various embodiments described later can be performed.

[0188] Sensor and Communication Integration (ISAC)

[0189] Radio sensing is a technology that uses the instantaneous flux velocity, angle, and distance (range) of an object identified by radio frequency identification (RFI) to obtain information related to environmental characteristics and / or the characteristics of objects within that environment. Because RF sensing does not require connecting objects to devices via a network, it can provide object localization services without the need for dedicated equipment. The ability to obtain range, velocity, and angle information from RF signals enables a variety of novel functions, such as object detection, object recognition (e.g., vehicles, humans, animals, drones), high-precision positioning, tracking, and activity recognition. Radio sensing services can provide information to various industries (e.g., drones, smart homes, connected vehicles, factories, railways, public safety, etc.) to support applications such as intrusion detection, assisted driving and navigation, trajectory tracking, collision avoidance, traffic management, and health or traffic monitoring. In some cases, radio sensing can employ non-3GPP sensors (e.g., radar, cameras) to additionally support 3GPP-based sensing. For example, the operation of a radio sensing service, i.e., sensing operation, can depend on the transmission, reflection, and scattering of radio sensing signals. Therefore, radio sensing can provide an opportunity to upgrade existing communication systems from communication networks to radio communication and sensing networks.

[0190] Figure 10 The illustration is applicable to the sensing operation example of this disclosure. Figure 10The embodiments shown can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure. Specifically, Figure 10 The diagram illustrates an example of sensing using a sensor receiver and a sensor transmitter located in the same location (e.g., monostatic sensing). Figure 10 Figure b illustrates an example of sensing using separate sensor receivers and sensor transmitters (e.g., bistatic sensing).

[0191] For example, in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network according to this disclosure, referring to Figure 10 a. The sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can be configured to be included in a single BS (i.e., the same BS) or a single UE (i.e., the same UE). Conversely, refer to Figure 10 b. The sensing transmitter and sensing receiver can be configured to be included in different BSs, different UEs, or separately in the UE and BS.

[0192] Based on whether the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in the BS or the UE, the following six sensing modes can be defined: - Mode 1: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single base station (e.g., a base station-based sensing mode in a monobase mode). - Mode 2: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first BS and the sensing receiver is included in a second BS different from the first BS (e.g., a BS-based sensing mode in a bibase mode). - Mode 3: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in the BS and the sensing receiver is included in the UE (e.g., BS-to-UE sensing mode). - Mode 4: The sensing transmitter is included in the UE and the sensing receiver is included in the BS (e.g., UE-to-BS sensing mode). - Mode 5: A mode in which the sensing transmitter and sensing receiver are included in a single UE (e.g., a UE-based sensing mode in monobase mode). - Mode 6: A mode in which the sensing transmitter is included in a first UE and the sensing receiver is included in a second UE that is different from the first UE (e.g., a UE-based sensing mode in a bipolar mode). In the 6G network-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, one or more of the above six sensing modes can be used independently or in combination.

[0193] Combination Figure 10The illustrated sensing operation involves a sensing transmitter that can transmit sensing signals for sensing one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment). For example, this sensing signal may correspond to a radio frequency signal defined as transmittable by a BS or UE in a 6G-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure. A sensing receiver can receive signals scattered or reflected by one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment) from the sensing signals transmitted by the sensing transmitter. At the sensing receiver, sensing data can be derived from the scattered / reflected signals, and sensing results can be generated or obtained through processing the sensing data. Here, the sensing results may include characteristic information (e.g., position, distance, velocity, angle, etc.) of one or more objects (and / or their surrounding environment). The sensing results generated or obtained in this manner can be used for radio sensing services (e.g., object and / or environment detection or tracking) provided by the 6G-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, or can be provided / disclosed to a trusted third party.

[0194] Additionally, although Figure 10 The sensing operation described in the text is a representative example of operation in a wireless communication system based on a 6G network, but it can also be extended and applied to situations using UE / BS / signals based on previous generations (such as 4G, 5G, etc.).

[0195] Furthermore, regarding the radio sensing described in this disclosure, in a 6G network-based wireless communication system according to this disclosure, the time-frequency resources for sensing operations and the time-frequency resources for general communication (e.g., uplink / downlink / sidelink-based communication) can be scheduled / configured separately.

[0196] Figure 11 The illustration is an example of a time-frequency resource applicable to the sensing operation of this disclosure. Figure 11 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0197] Reference Figure 11 For the above sensing operations (e.g., based on) Figure 10 The time-frequency resources (hereinafter referred to as sensing resources) for sensing operations can be configured / allocated separately from the time-frequency resources (hereinafter referred to as communication resources) used for general communication.

[0198] For example, such as Figure 11 As illustrated, sensing resources can be configured or allocated in the time domain on a per-symbol basis and / or in the frequency domain on a per-resource-block basis. Resources other than those configured or allocated as sensing resources can be used as general communication resources. That is, for the operation of the BS / UE, sensing and communication resources can be configured or allocated based on a Time Division Multiplexing (TDM) scheme and / or a Frequency Division Multiplexing (FDM) scheme. Additionally or alternatively, with Figure 10Unlike other units, sensing resources can be configured or allocated in the time domain based on other units (such as time slots, frames, or absolute time such as milliseconds or microseconds) and / or in the frequency domain based on other units (such as subcarriers, carriers, or absolute frequencies such as megahertz or gigahertz).

[0199] Additionally or alternatively, the configuration / allocation / scheduling of the general communication resources described in this disclosure may need to consider the relationship between such resources and the aforementioned sensing resources. For example, when configuring or allocating general communication resources according to embodiments of this disclosure, these resources may be configured / allocated to perform rate matching or puncturing operations on resource areas corresponding to sensing resources. For example, when scheduling general communication resources according to embodiments of this disclosure, these resources may be scheduled so that they do not overlap with resource areas corresponding to sensing resources. In embodiments of this disclosure, if the resource areas corresponding to general communication resources and sensing resources are configured / allocated / scheduled to overlap, one or both operations may be abandoned, skipped, or postponed based on priority or predefined rules. That is, in embodiments of this disclosure, resources related to general communication (e.g., signal / channel path resources related to data / control based on uplink / downlink / sidelink) are preferably configured / allocated / scheduled to not overlap with the aforementioned sensing resources.

[0200] Additionally, various channel modeling methods can be applied to the radio sensing described in this disclosure. Channel modeling related to sensing can refer to constructing paths for transmitting and / or receiving sensing signals and / or scattered / reflected signals, a process that takes into account the object to be sensed and / or its environment. Since channel modeling can be relevant to the performance and requirements of sensing in a wireless communication system, it can be an important aspect of verifying the feasibility of sensing functionality.

[0201] Sensing-related channels can be categorized into channels between the object (e.g., the target of interest) and the sensing transmitter / receiver, and channels between the object's environment and the sensing transmitter / receiver. Sensing-related channel modeling can be classified based on the sensing mode (e.g., the six modes mentioned above), whether the target of interest is an object or the environment, and / or the sensing scenario. For example, channel modeling for targets in BS / UE-based monostatic sensing modes, channel modeling for targets in BS / UE-based bistatic sensing modes, channel modeling for the environment in BS / UE-based monostatic sensing modes, and channel modeling for the environment in BS / UE-based bistatic sensing modes can be differentiated and configured. For example, when classifying multiple sensing scenarios, channel modeling can be categorized into channel modeling for detection, localization, and tracking scenarios, channel modeling for action recognition, and channel modeling for imaging or environment reconstruction scenarios. Additionally, sensing-related channel modeling can be based on statistical channel modeling techniques and / or deterministic channel modeling techniques. For example, sensing modeling in the 6G network-based wireless communication system of this disclosure can be based on stochastic geometric channel modeling techniques and / or hybrid channel modeling techniques including ray tracing channel modeling. Here, stochastic geometric channel models can be based on various statistical properties of channel conditions. Furthermore, hybrid channel models can be based on both ray tracing and stochastic techniques. In the case of a hybrid approach, channel modeling for objects requiring high accuracy and consistency (e.g., targets of interest) can be performed using ray tracing techniques, while channel modeling for the environment can be performed using stochastic techniques.

[0202] Figure 12 The illustrations are applicable to process examples related to sensing operations in this disclosure. Figure 12 The embodiments described herein can be combined with various embodiments of this disclosure.

[0203] For example, in the 6G-based wireless communication system of this disclosure, when the UE participates in sensing operations, the BS may need to identify the UE's capabilities related to sensing operations (1205). To this end, the UE can be configured to report capability information to the BS indicating whether it supports sensing operations. Alternatively or additionally, if the UE is predefined by the specification as supporting sensing operations, this process can be omitted. Furthermore, when only the BS participates in sensing operations, the BS can be configured to report capability information regarding whether it supports sensing operations to entities that configure or control its sensing operations (e.g., higher-level network entities above the BS).

[0204] For example, the BS can interact with the UE via signaling to exchange configuration information related to sensing operations. For instance, the BS can configure or instruct the UE on sensing operation modes (e.g., based on the six modes mentioned above), the entity executing the sensing operation (e.g., sensing transmitter, sensing receiver), and the resources for the sensing operation (e.g., [missing information]). Figure 11 Information related to the sensing resources shown, the target of the sensing results (e.g., the type of radio sensing service based on a 6G network or a trusted third party), and the channel modeling of the sensing (e.g., the channel between the BS / UE and the object / environment) (1210). For example, the BS may be configured / instructed to have such information from a network entity at a higher level / layer of the BS.

[0205] For example, the BS and / or UE can perform sensing operations based on configuration / instruction information (1215). For example, the BS and / or UE acting as a sensing transmitter and / or sensing receiver can perform the following processes: transmitting sensing signals, receiving scattered / reflected signals, deriving sensing data, obtaining sensing results by processing the sensing data, and providing the sensing results. In one example, the sensing results provided through the sensing operations can also be utilized in the operation of the BS / UE described in this disclosure.

[0206] Network Energy Saving (NES)

[0207] Rel-18 Network Energy Saving Technology

[0208] In wireless communication systems, including those of 3GPP, energy efficiency in the Base Station (BS) is considered important because it can help deploy environmentally friendly networks and reduce the operating expenses (OPEX) of communication service providers by reducing carbon emissions. In particular, the introduction of 5G communications demands high transmission rates, requiring the BS to be equipped with more antennas and provide services over wider bandwidths and higher frequency bands. Therefore, recent studies have shown that the energy cost of the BS has reached 20% of the total OPEX. Accordingly, 5G systems have adopted various energy-saving technologies under the name of the Network Energy Storage System (NES), and the standardization of these technologies is expected to continue.

[0209] Based on the application of NES technology, BS can perform operations such as controlling on / off operations during a specific time period, controlling transmit / receive resources for signals / channels common to the UE or specific to the UE, adjusting the amount of resources in the frequency domain, controlling transmission power, or opening or closing antenna ports or transmit and receive points (TRPs) in the spatial domain.

[0210] Figure 13 The diagram illustrates an exemplary operation process of a BS that supports NES technology.

[0211] Reference Figure 13The BS can identify the NES scheme to be applied (1305). The NES scheme can be associated with control (e.g., on / off) signal transmission / reception, beam operation, handover procedures, channel measurement, and reporting. Which NES schemes to apply can be adaptively selected based on current conditions (e.g., cell load level, characteristics of connected UEs), or can be predefined. Upon identifying an NES scheme, the BS can execute signaling for the NES (1310). The specific signaling procedure can vary depending on the identified NES scheme. For example, the BS can send public information about the NES scheme, send configuration information required for NES operation to at least one UE, or send control information about the progress of NES operation to at least one UE. Furthermore, the BS can receive NES-related capability information from at least one UE. The BS can then execute operations for the NES. The BS can execute operations for the NES based on previously executed signaling (1315). That is, based on system information, configuration information and control information sent via signaling, the BS can turn on or off the transmission / reception of specific signals, turn on or off components in the spatial domain, or control resources used for the transmission / reception of measurement signals.

[0212] NES technology can be used through, for example Figure 13 The process is executed as shown in the diagram. It can be done... Figure 13 The following is an example of the NES scheme executed during the process illustrated in the diagram.

[0213] - In-system energy saving scheme: RAN nodes can request neighboring RAN nodes to switch at least one SSB beam to the deactivated cell of that RAN node, or can use a limited beam set to paging inactive UEs (e.g., stationary UEs).

[0214] - Inter-system energy saving scheme: NG-RAN nodes with capacity-enhanced cells can autonomously convert the cell to a disabled state.

[0215] - SSB-less SCell Scheme: When no SSB or SSB-based RRM Measurement Timing Configuration (SMTC) is provided for the SCell, the UE can obtain timing reference and automatic gain control (AGC) sources from another serving cell. In FR1 or FR2, the BS can be configured with in-band carrier aggregation (CA) or inter-band CA including the SSB-less SCell. In this case, SSB / SIB transmission can be triggered by the UE's wake-up signal (WUS). Accordingly, the periodicity of common channels / signals such as SSBs can be increased, allowing the BS to remain in a sleep state for a longer period of time.

[0216] - Cell DTX / DRX Scheme: To reduce the active time of BS DL transmission / UL reception, periodic cell DTX / DRX modes (e.g., active and inactive periods) can be jointly configured for UEs with corresponding characteristics within the cell. Cell DTX and cell DRX modes can be configured and activated independently, and each MAC entity can configure up to two cell DTX / DRX modes. When cell DTX is configured and activated, at least one of SPS timing monitoring or PDCCH monitoring can be suspended during cell DTX inactivity. When cell DRX is configured and activated, at least one of configuration grant (CG) resource transmission or SR transmission can be suspended during cell DRX inactivity. Cell DTX / DRX can be activated / deactivated via RRC signaling or L1 group common signaling.

[0217] Parameters such as active duration and period can be configured for cell DTX / DRX. Active duration is the period during which the UE waits to receive PDCCH or SPS and transmits SR or CG, while period specifies the periodic repetition of active and inactive periods. Parameters such as active duration and period are common when configuring both cell DTX and cell DRX. When the BS identifies an emergency call or public safety-related service (e.g., MPS or MCS), the network can release or deactivate the cell DTX / DRX configuration to avoid affecting that service. Furthermore, the active periods of the UE's connection mode DRX need to at least partially overlap with the active periods of the cell DTX / DRX. For example, the UE's connection mode DRX period can be a multiple of the cell DTX / DRX period, or vice versa.

[0218] - Conditional Handover (CHO) Scheme: While applying NES technology (e.g., when a cell is activated or deactivated via DTX / DRX), a CHO procedure is performed using a handover execution method determined by the UE. In this case, the UE can use an NES-specific CHO event to perform a CHO to a candidate cell, and the DCI that receives the activation of the configured CHO conditions via an NES event indication can be applied as an additional triggering condition for the NES-specific CHO event.

[0219] - Spatial Domain and Power Domain Adaptation Scheme: To support transceiver silence and / or transmit power adaptation for gNBs, the UE can be configured to report multiple CSI entries in the CSI report based on multiple sub-configurations. Each sub-configuration corresponds to the spatial domain adaptation mode (e.g., a subset of available spatial elements) and / or the power offset between the data channel (e.g., PDSCH) and the CSI-RS. Depending on the application of the spatial domain and power domain adaptation scheme, CSI configuration, measurement, and / or reporting operations may be affected.

[0220] Community DTX / DRX

[0221] To enable the BS to remain in sleep mode for extended periods without frequent wake-ups, BS DTX / DRX for NES purposes has been proposed. Under low system load conditions, the BS can reduce energy consumption through DTX transmission. This is achieved by configuring cell DTX and setting the UE's C-DRX activation duration to coincide with the active period of cell DTX. Figure 14 The diagram illustrates an exemplary process for cell DTX / DRX operation.

[0222] Reference Figure 14 The BS sends system information to the UE (1401), and the UE identifies cell DTX / DRX related information (1402). For example, the system information may include a MIB and SIB1. Related to NES technology, the MIB may include cell-barred related information (e.g., cellBarred), and SIB1 may include cell-barred status related information (e.g., cellBarredNES). Specifically, when cellBarred included in the MIB is set to a value indicating that the cell is not barred (e.g., notBarred), the UE can determine that the cell is not barred regardless of whether it supports NES cell DTX / DRX. In contrast, when cellBarred included in the received MIB is set to a value indicating that the cell is barred (e.g., barred), a UE that does not support NES cell DTX / DRX can determine that the cell is barred. However, when the UE has the capability to support NES cell DTX / DRX, the UE identifies SIB1 to determine the cell-barred status. When cellBarred in the MIB is set to barred and cellBarredNES does not exist in SIB1, a UE supporting NES cell DTX / DRX can treat the cell as blocked and perform cell reselection to another cell. Conversely, when cellBarred in the MIB is set to barred and cellBarredNES exists in SIB1, a UE supporting NES cell DTX / DRX can determine that the cell is not blocked.

[0223] exist Figure 14In this case, assuming the UE has the capability to support NES cell DTX / DRX, and cellBarred in the MIB is set to notBarred, or cellBarred in the MIB is set to barred and SIB1 includes cellBarredNES. Therefore, to access the BS, the UE can perform a random access procedure (1403) and then perform communication. Simultaneously, the BS performs cell DTX / DRX operation and sends configuration information associated with the cell DTX / DRX operation to the UE (1404). The configuration information associated with the cell DTX / DRX operation (e.g., CellDTXDRX-Config) may include at least one parameter associated with cell DTX / DRX, such as enabling a duration timer, period start offset, slot offset, configuration type (e.g., DTX, DRX, or DTX-DRX), or the activation status of DTX / DRX (e.g., active or deactivated). Furthermore, the configuration information may also include information for receiving and interpreting control information associated with cell DRX / DRX (e.g., DCI-related information).

[0224] Subsequently, the BS sends control information associated with cell DTX / DRX to the UE (1405). The control information associated with cell DTX / DRX may include DCI in a specified format (e.g., format 2_9). When configuring serving cell operation based on at least one of cell DTX or cell DRX operations via configuration information (e.g., cellDTXDRX-Config), the UE can identify a search space set (e.g., Type3-PDCCH CSS set) for monitoring the PDCCH carrying control information in the specified format during the active time via higher-level parameters (e.g., SearchSpace), and obtain the location of the information for the serving cell within that control information via higher-level parameters (e.g., positionInDCI-cellDTRX). The UE can then obtain the control information based on the identified search space set and location.

[0225] Control information associated with cell DTX / DRX can be used to indicate the activation or deactivation of cell DTX and / or cell DRX and / or provide NES mode indication, and may include at least one block of, for example, cell DTX / DRX indication and NES mode indication. When the serving cell is configured with a supplementary uplink (SUL) carrier, the activation or deactivation indication for cell DRX by cell DTX / DRX indication can be applied to both the UL carrier and the SUL carrier.

[0226] Subsequently, the UE and BS can perform communication based on cell DTX / DRX (1406). Specifically, the BS can turn signal transmission / reception on or off according to the configuration associated with cell DTX / DRX, and correspondingly, the UE can selectively monitor signals from the BS. During the DTX-OFF period, the BS enters sleep mode to reduce power consumption. Here, the BS DTX cycle can be aligned with the UE DRX cycle. BS DTX-ON can completely cover UE DRX-ON. In addition, the BS can align Xn / NG transmissions and Uu transmissions for NES purposes. The DTX / DRX mechanism can trigger handover between reference signal resource sets, and the BS can perform sleep-like behavior, sparsely transmitting or not transmitting SSB, SIB, and CSI-RS to reduce power consumption. The UE can sparsely receive or not receive DL signals / channels according to the BS configuration. Once BS DTX / DRX operation is triggered, the UE can discontinuously receive the corresponding CSI-RS, SSB, or PDCCH during the DTX / DRXOFF period.

[0227] No SSB SCell

[0228] Figure 15 The diagram illustrates an exemplary procedure for CA operations using an SSB SCell.

[0229] Reference Figure 15 The BS sends configuration information for the SCell to the UE. That is, in order to provide services to the UE via CA operation, the BS sends configuration information for CA. CA operation can be in-band CA or inter-band CA. For example, the configuration information for the SCell may include information containing information for adding the SCell (e.g., sCellToAddModList), and specifically, may include cell index, physical cell identifier (PCI), DL-UL configuration information, BWP information, cell DTX / DRX information, DL frequency information (e.g., FrequencyInfoDL), etc. Subsequently, the UE can determine the configuration for CA operation and perform communication using the primary cell (PCell) and the BS's SCell. The UE can identify whether the SCell is an SSB-free SCell based on the DL frequency information included in the configuration information, and identify relevant parameters. For example, the UE can determine that the SCell is an SSB-free SCell by recognizing the presence of parameters indicating an SSB-free SCell (e.g., SSBlessSCell), and identify the timing reference and AGC source for the SCell based on information about the reference cell (e.g., referenceCell). Figure 15In this context, the reference cell can be a PCell. Accordingly, the UE can use the PCell as a timing reference and AGC source for communication on the SCell.

[0230] Conditional toggle (CHO)

[0231] Figure 16 The diagram illustrates an exemplary CHO process. Figure 16 The order of operations shown can be varied depending on the circumstances.

[0232] Reference Figure 16 The BS sends configuration information (1601) for the CHO to the UE. The CHO configuration information may include conditional reconfiguration information (e.g., ConditionalReconfiguration and CondReconfigToAddModList) and report configuration information (e.g., ReportConfigNR). The report configuration information may include information associated with the report-related event, the event ID (e.g., condEventId), information indicating whether the corresponding event is an NES-specific CHO event (e.g., nesEvent), etc. Figure 16 In the example, event information indicating a specific CHO event in NES is received.

[0233] The BS sends information to the UE indicating that NES-specific CHO enforcement conditions are enabled (1602). This information can be sent via control information configured in a specified format (e.g., DCI format 2_9). This information can be referred to as an NES mode indication. The NES mode indication can be, for example, a 1-bit message indicating that NES-specific CHO enforcement conditions are enabled when the relevant higher-layer parameters (e.g., nesEvent) are configured and the serving cell of the relevant block in the DCI is the primary cell.

[0234] Subsequently, the UE performs a measurement (1603) and sends a measurement report to the BS (1604). The BS determines the CHO based on the measurement report and performs signaling for the handover request with the neighboring BS indicated by the measurement report (1606). The BS identifies the neighboring BS that has successfully confirmed admission via signaling as a candidate BS and sends information about the candidate BS to the UE (1607). Accordingly, the UE evaluates the CHO execution conditions for the candidate BS (1608). Accordingly, when a candidate cell that meets the conditions is determined, the UE leaves the old cell and synchronizes with the new cell (1609). Since the UE has previously received event information indicating the NES-specific CHO event and has also received information enabling the NES-specific CHO execution conditions, the UE can determine whether the corresponding event has been met. In other words, when the UE receives an NES mode indication via a lower layer and the condition trigger configuration information (e.g., condTriggerConfig) includes information indicating a specific NES CHO event (e.g., nesEvent), the UE can determine that the event associated with the corresponding measurement ID (e.g., measId) has been satisfied, and accordingly determine that the CHO execution condition has been satisfied.

[0235] NES Enhancement

[0236] In 3GPP NR Release 19, NES enhancements are expected to be discussed, and (1) on-demand SSB, (2) on-demand SIB1 transmission, and (3) adaptation of common signal / channel transmission are considered major topics.

[0237] (1) On-demand SSB

[0238] One approach can be discussed where the BS transmits SSBs on specific cells via an on-demand SSB procedure and does not transmit SSBs on the corresponding cells when there is no on-demand SSB procedure, thereby reducing energy consumption. In legacy NR systems, SSBs should always be transmitted periodically for purposes such as time / frequency synchronization or RRM measurements. Therefore, legacy NR systems face limitations in reducing energy consumption even when the BS has no data to receive or transmit. With this in mind, the BS can reduce energy consumption by not performing SSB transmissions and only performing SSB transmissions when an on-demand SSB procedure is involved. The on-demand SSB procedure can be triggered by one of the following methods.

[0239] 1) The UE requests SSB transmission from the BS by sending UL signals / channels (e.g., PRACH, PUCCH, PUSCH, or SRS in an NR system).

[0240] 2) BS (or TRP) #1 requests SSB transmission from BS (or TRP) #2 via the inter-BS interface (e.g., the Xn interface in an NR system) or via backhaul signaling.

[0241] 3) Use the SCell activation / deactivation signaling to send a signal to indicate whether to send an SSB on the corresponding SCell.

[0242] Considering coexistence with legacy NR UEs, version 19 is limited to on-demand SSB operations for connected mode UEs and SCells. However, in future versions or next-generation communication systems, on-demand SSB operations (for SSB transmissions on PCells) can be defined for inactive or idle mode UEs or initial access UEs. Furthermore, CAs involving the corresponding SCell can be applied to both in-band CAs and inter-band CAs, and SSBs transmitted on SCells via the on-demand SSB procedure can be used for at least time / frequency synchronization, L1 / L3 measurements, and SCell activation functions.

[0243] (2) On-demand SIB1 transmission

[0244] One approach can be discussed where the BS transmits SIB1 for a specific cell via an on-demand SIB1 procedure and does not transmit SIB1 for the corresponding cell when there is no on-demand SIB1 procedure, thereby reducing energy consumption. In legacy NR systems, SIB1, including system information, random access information, etc., should always be provided periodically for the initial access or access cell of an idle-mode UE. Therefore, legacy NR systems face limitations in reducing energy consumption even when the BS has no data to receive or transmit. In this regard, the BS can reduce energy consumption by not performing SIB1 transmission and only performing SIB1 transmission when an on-demand SIB1 procedure is involved. During the on-demand SIB1 procedure, the BS's SIB1 transmission can be triggered by the transmission of UL signals / channels from the UE (e.g., PRACH in an NR system). Specifically, the following scenarios can be considered, but this disclosure is not limited thereto.

[0245] 1) Scenario 1: such as Figure 17 As shown in (a), a UE that receives an SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel) on cell #1 and identifies that no SIB1 is being transmitted on cell #1 can trigger SIB1 transmission by sending a signal requesting SIB1 (hereinafter referred to as WUS for convenience) based on the information provided in the SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel) and / or predefined information. Upon receiving the WUS, the BS can respond to the WUS by transmitting a specific DL signal / channel on cell #1 and transmit SIB1 on cell #1 (or transmit without a DL signal / channel).

[0246] 2) Scenario 2: such as Figure 17As shown in (b), a UE that receives an SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel, such as SIB1) on cell #1 and identifies that SIB1 is not being transmitted on cell #2 can attempt to camp on cell #2. The UE can trigger SIB1 transmission for cell #2 by transmitting a request for SIB1 signal (i.e., WUS) on cell #1 based on the information provided in the received SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel, such as SIB1) and / or predefined information. Upon receiving the WUS, the BS can transmit a specific DL signal / channel in response to the WUS (on cell #1 or cell #2) and transmit SIB1 for cell #2 on cell #1 or cell #2 (or not transmit the DL signal / channel).

[0247] 3) Scenario 3: such as Figure 17 As shown in (c), upon receiving an SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel, such as SIB1) on cell #1 and identifying a UE that does not transmit SIB1 on cell #2, the UE may attempt to camp on cell #2. The UE may trigger SIB1 transmission for cell #2 by transmitting a request for SIB1 signal (i.e., WUS) on cell #2 based on the information provided in the received SSB (and / or other DL signal / channel, such as SIB1) and / or predefined information. Upon receiving the WUS, the BS may, in response to the WUS (on cell #1 or cell #2), transmit a specific DL signal / channel and transmit SIB1 for cell #2 on cell #1 or cell #2 (or transmit without a DL signal / channel).

[0248] (3) Adaptation of common signal / channel transmission

[0249] A method for reducing energy consumption by controlling the transmission of common signals / channels such as SSB, PRACH, and paging via the BS can be discussed. While completely shutting down SSB transmission can significantly reduce BS energy consumption, the lack of SSB functionality for performing tasks such as time / frequency synchronization or RRM measurements may not guarantee stable operation for the corresponding cell. Considering this, energy savings can be achieved by varying the BS transmission mode as needed (e.g., transmission periodicity, periodicity for each SSB candidate index, SSB candidate indexes transmitted within a transmission cycle, transmission power, etc.).

[0250] In the case of PRACH resources, the UE can transmit PRACH at any time in contention-based random access. Therefore, the BS may consume significant energy by always attempting to receive within the configured PRACH resources. Considering this, the BS can save energy by applying a method to control the amount of PRACH resources (e.g., adjusting the periodicity of PRACH resources, pre-configuring PRACH resource sets #1 and #2, and controlling the resource amount via indicating whether only one or both sets are active, or providing a corresponding amount of PRACH resources for each SSB index in a uniform or non-uniform manner).

[0251] In the case of paging, traditionally, paging frames (PF) and / or paging opportunities (PO) are distributed along the time axis within the DRX period (or paging period), and the UE attempts to receive the paging in a specific PF / PO derived from the equation based on its ID. When the BS intends to send paging to multiple UEs simultaneously, the BS may need to wake up frequently to send the paging. As a way to reduce the resulting BS power consumption, one could consider arranging the PF and / or PO used for paging reception as close as possible along the time axis, or arranging them in different frequency resources within the same time period.

[0252] Figure 18 The illustration shows an exemplary SSB transmission for a BS operating across multiple frequency bands.

[0253] From the perspective of a BS operating multiple frequency bands, even if the number of UEs served is small or the service load is relatively low, the amount of energy consumed due to the periodic transmission of SSB and / or system information can still be significant.

[0254] refer to Figure 18 A BS operating in three frequency bands (in this disclosure, frequency bands can be interchanged with bands, carriers, serving cells, BWPs, etc.) can save energy by periodically transmitting (legacy) SSBs and / or SIB1 only in a specific frequency band (e.g., F1) and transmitting simplified (or modified) SSBs (S-SSBs) in the remaining frequency bands (e.g., F2) or not transmitting SSBs in another frequency band (e.g., F3), or not transmitting SIB1 in F2 / F3. S-SSB can refer to a signaling structure in which some of the signals / channels (e.g., PSS, SSS, PBCH DM-RS, and PBCH) included in the legacy SSB are omitted, the signal / channel configuration is modified, or information different from the information in the legacy SSB is transmitted in the PBCH payload.

[0255] UEs operating in F2 or F3 can request SIB1 transmission in the frequency band from the BS, or the BS can adaptively resume and / or adjust SIB1 transmission based on its own determination. For convenience, SIB1 transmitted in this manner is referred to as on-demand SIB1.

[0256] This disclosure includes proposals for scenarios where a UE receives signaling regarding information about F2 and / or F3 via an SSB and / or SIB1 transmitted in F1. For example, a representative scenario can be considered where, upon receiving the signaling, the UE performs an on-demand SIB1 procedure in F1 or by transitioning to F2 / F3, receives the SSB and / or SIB1 corresponding to F2 or F3, performs a RACH procedure, enters connected mode, and performs DL and / or UL data communication via F2 or F3.

[0257] For ease of description, the frequency band in which S-SSB can be transmitted (such as F2), the frequency band in which SSB cannot be transmitted (such as F3), and / or the frequency band in which SIB1 can be transmitted via the on-demand SIB1 process are collectively referred to as F2. However, the proposed technique is applicable not only to F2 but also to F3.

[0258] Before describing the proposed techniques of this disclosure, methods #1, #2, and #3, which can help in understanding the proposed techniques, will be described first.

[0259] [Method #1] UE information and UE operation based on that information can be configured via an SSB (and / or SIB) transmitted in band F1 (or an S-SSB transmitted in band F2).

[0260] The UE may be configured with at least some or all of the following information segments via an SSB (and / or SIB) transmitted in F1 (or an S-SSB transmitted in F2).

[0261] (i) A list of frequency bands (e.g., F2 and / or F3) that are associated or have a QCL relationship with F1: When two frequency bands (e.g., F1 and F2) are said to be associated or have a QCL relationship, this can mean that F1 can be used as a timing reference and / or power control (or path loss estimation) reference and / or synchronization reference for F2. That is, F1 can be used as a timing reference for F2, a reference for power control (or path loss estimation) for F2, and / or a time / frequency synchronization reference for F2.

[0262] (ii) Assuming that the signal / channel of a UE requesting SSB and / or SIB1 transmissions in the frequency resources of F2 of the BS is defined as a UE Wake-up Signal (WUS), information regarding the time / frequency resources in which the UE WUS can be transmitted can be configured. The UE WUS resources can be configured within F2 or within F1. Specifically, the UE WUS resources can be configured within F1 when the BS is in a cell DRX inactive period, or when F1 is not a synchronization reference for F2 and S-SSB / SIB transmissions are also disabled in F2. The frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS (e.g., PRACH preamble index, cyclic shift, root sequence index, phase offset, and orthogonal overlay code) can vary depending on the frequency band in which the requested SSB and / or SIB1 is to be transmitted (e.g., F2 or F3). For example, even when the UE WUS is allocated in F1, the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS can be configured differently depending on whether the UE requests SSB transmissions in F2 or F3. Alternatively, the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS may vary depending on the requested SSB index and / or the requested signal (i.e., SSB or SIB1). For example, even for an SSB transmitted in the frequency resource of F2, the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS may be configured differently for each SSB index (group), or may be configured differently depending on whether a specific SSB index is requested or whether beam scanning for all SSBs is requested. In another example, the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS may be configured differently depending on whether the signal requested for transmission from the BS via the UE WUS is an SSB or SIB1. In another example, even when the requested signal is SIB1, the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS may be configured differently depending on the SSB index (from the QCL perspective) corresponding to the requested SIB1 transmission.

[0263] (iii) After sending a UE WUS to request a specific signal / channel, the UE may only determine whether the request has been successfully sent after receiving the corresponding signal / channel. Therefore, the BS may need to configure information about the signal / channel corresponding to the UE WUS. For example, when the UE requests SSB and / or SIB1 transmission from the BS via the UE WUS, information about the expected earliest reception time of the SSB and / or SIB1 can be configured. This time point can be configured, or a rule can be defined, as a relative time point (e.g., X ms or Y time slots after the UE WUS transmission, or after the nearest subframe boundary or half-frame boundary following X ms or Y time slots after the UE WUS transmission), or as an absolute time point (e.g., the first SFN#Z after the UE WUS transmission). In the case of SIB1, information similar to conventional SI window information can be configured so that SIB1 is periodically sent at a specific periodicity after the BS receives the UE WUS (or periodically received at a specific periodicity after the UE sends the UE WUS). In another example, for SIB1 reception, a configuration can be provided for receiving the SIB1 PDCCH (i.e., the PDCCH that schedules the SIB1 PDSCH) in F2, specifying a CORESET (separate from CORESET#0 in F1) to be transmitted in F2. Additionally, configuration information can be provided for the search space set associated with the CORESET used for SIB1 reception. Alternatively, information regarding PDSCH resources for receiving the PDCCH-less SIB1 PDSCH can be configured. In another example, if the UE anticipates msg2 (i.e., the Random Access Response (RAR) during the RACH procedure) and / or HARQ feedback as a response from the BS after the UE WUS transmission, a configuration can be provided for receiving msg2 and / or HARQ feedback, specifying a CORESET (separate from CORESET#0 in F1) to be transmitted in F2, along with additional configuration for the search space set associated with the CORESET.

[0264] (iv) When configuring F1 and F2 for a UE, option 1) the two frequency bands can be configured as a single BWP, wherein the BWP is configured as a set of PRBs that are not contiguous in the frequency domain; option 2) each frequency band can be configured as a separate BWP, such that the F1 BWP and F2 BWP are configured independently; option 3) F1 and F2 can be configured as different DL carriers, while belonging to a single serving cell; or option 4) F1 and F2 can be configured as separate serving cells.

[0265] The mapping between the (S-)SSB index transmitted in F2 (or F1) and the RACH timing (RO) in F2, as well as the RACH configuration in F2, can be provided by the SIB1 transmitted in F2. Additionally, the UE can perform a series of procedures in F2, such as the RACH procedure and paging reception. For this operation, the configuration for the CORESET transmitted in F2, as well as the additional configuration for the search space set associated with the CORESET, can also be provided by the SIB1 transmitted in F2.

[0266] [Method #2] is used as a criterion for selecting F2 (as the frequency band for performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 process).

[0267] Based on the information described in [Method #1], the criteria for selecting F2 (instead of F1) as the frequency band for the UE to perform on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedures are described below. Selection can be made according to one or a combination of the following criteria. Selecting F2 as the frequency band for performing on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedures means performing a procedure to request SSB and / or SIB1 transmissions in the corresponding frequency band from the BS. The UE WUS used to make such a request can be transmitted in either F1 or F2.

[0268] (i) RSRP based on received measurements from SSBs (e.g., SSS and / or PBCH DM-RS) transmitted in F1: F1 and F2 can be selected based on a predefined RSRP threshold or an RSRP threshold configured via SSBs (and / or SIBs) transmitted in F1 (or S-SSBs transmitted in F2). For example, F1 can be selected if the received RSRP measured from SSBs (e.g., SSS and / or PBCH DM-RS) transmitted in F1 is greater than or equal to (or less than) a threshold, while F2 can be selected if the measured RSRP is less than (or greater than) a threshold.

[0269] (ii) Based on UE capabilities: UEs with specific capabilities (UEs capable of NES or UEs capable of UE WUS) can be configured to transition to F2 via BS signaling instead of F1 (which can be configured via an SSB (and / or SIB) sent in F1 (or an S-SSB sent in F2). Conversely, UEs without the corresponding capabilities can remain in F1 and continue the RACH procedure.

[0270] (iii) Based on random selection: The UE may randomly select one of F1 and F2. Alternatively, a weighting factor for a specific frequency band may be configured (via an SSB (and / or SIB) transmitted in F1 (or an S-SSB transmitted in F2)), and the UE may select a frequency band based on the configured weighting factor and perform a RACH procedure or an on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure in the corresponding frequency band (depending on the selected frequency band).

[0271] A combination of threshold-based and random selection-based methods can also be considered. For example, if the RSRP measured from a received SSB (e.g., SSS and / or PBCH DM-RS) transmitted in F1 is greater than or equal to (or less than) a threshold, a specific frequency band F1 or F2 can be selected. Conversely, if the RSRP is less than (or greater than) a threshold, a weighting factor can be configured such that a specific frequency band F1 or F2 is preferentially selected during random selection.

[0272] [Method #3] is a method for performing the on-demand SSB / SIB1 process after transitioning to F2.

[0273] (Based on the configuration information presented in [Method #1]) The UE can transmit UE WUS signals / channels in F1 or F2. Transmission timing and power control for the UE WUS can be determined based on the SSB received in F1. For example, when transmitting the UE WUS in F2, if an association or QCL relationship has been configured between F1 and F2, the transmission timing and power values ​​for the UE WUS to be transmitted in F2 can be determined based on the specific SSB index received in F1.

[0274] Depending on the frequency band of the requested SSB / SIB1 to be transmitted, the requested SSB(group) index, the type of the requested signal (i.e., SSB or SIB1), and / or the SSB index corresponding to the requested SIB1 (as configured in [Method #1]), the frequency-dependent, time-dependent, and / or sequence-dependent information of the UE WUS can be configured differently. Therefore, the UE can select appropriate resources based on the requested SSB / SIB1 and attempt a UE WUS transmission. If the UE WUS resources are sufficiently and appropriately allocated according to the requested SSB / SIB1, the UE can complete the corresponding SSB / SIB1 procedure by transmitting the UE WUS and then receiving only the corresponding response from the BS (e.g., a response with a structure similar to RAR or msg2 in the RACH procedure). Even after receiving a response from the BS following the UE WUS transmission, the UE may need to transmit additional request information (hereinafter referred to as msg3) (including request information not transmitted via the UE WUS). For example, a common UE WUS can be defined for both SSB and SIB1, and after sending the UE WUS and receiving a response from the BS, the UE can indicate in msg3 whether the actually requested signal / channel is an SSB or SIB1. In another example, a common UE WUS can be defined for SSB (or SIB1), and after sending the UE WUS and receiving a response from the BS, the UE can indicate in msg3 a specific (group) index (or QCL relationship for SIB1, which is the actually requested signal / channel) corresponding to the SSB. Information about the resources from which msg3 can be sent can be included in the response from the BS.

[0275] After sending the UE WUS, the UE can expect the BS to send a signal corresponding to the UE WUS after a predetermined time period (considering the processing time of the BS and / or the UE) (within a predetermined time window). The signal corresponding to the UE WUS can refer to a specific SSB and / or SIB1 requested via the UE WUS, or it can refer to msg2 and / or HARQ feedback (such as the configuration information presented in [Method #1]). The predetermined time period can be expressed as X ms or Y time slots, and the value of X or Y can be configured in advance or defined in the specification. In addition, the UE can expect to receive the signal corresponding to the UE WUS during the predetermined time window, and the duration of the time window (e.g., 20 ms) can also be configured in advance or defined in the specification.

[0276] If the UE anticipates receiving a signal corresponding to its WUS, but determines that the corresponding signal has not yet been received, a penalty may be applied. Determining that the corresponding signal has not been received can specifically mean that the corresponding signal was not detected during the duration of a predetermined time period or time window, or that the reception sensitivity of the corresponding signal is equal to or less than a threshold (which may be individually pre-configured or predefined). Applying a penalty may mean increasing the power value and / or count value during the on-demand procedure. If the power value and / or count value reaches the (pre-configured) maximum value, the UE can continue the RACH procedure in F1, or select another frequency band (e.g., F3) and initiate a new on-demand SSB / SIB1 procedure.

[0277] For convenience, a frequency band such as F1 in which SSB and / or SIB1 are transmitted and information about another frequency band (e.g., whether SIB1 is currently being transmitted periodically, and if so, information about the transmission time pattern of SIB1 in the other frequency band, and if not, configuration information for UE WUS resources for on-demand SIB1 procedures) is provided is referred to as the anchor cell. Furthermore, another frequency band in which the SSB and / or SIB1 of the anchor cell provides its information is referred to as the non-anchor cell. Additionally, the UE may assume an association or QCL relationship between the anchor cell and the non-anchor cell. Alternatively, a cell in which SIB1 for the cell itself is transmitted periodically can be defined as the anchor cell, and a cell capable of transmitting SIB1 in response to UE WUS, UL WUS, or PRACH from the UE can be defined as the non-anchor cell. Furthermore, the term anchor cell can be replaced by cell A, and the term non-anchor cell can be replaced by NES cell.

[0278] On-demand SIB1 operation for idle / inactive UEs

[0279] The following provides proposals regarding methods for providing information about non-anchor cells via the SSB and / or SIB1 and / or SIB of the anchor cell, methods for controlling the access of legacy UEs to non-anchor cells, and methods for providing information about anchor cells via the SSB of non-anchor cells.

[0280] [Proposal #1] The BS communicates via higher-level signaling from the first cell (e.g., the anchor cell) (e.g., such as the SSB and / or Cell-specific RRC signaling of SIB1 and / or SIB provides information about the second cell (e.g., a non-anchor cell).

[0281] One or more target or associated non-anchor cells may exist when the BS transmits information about a non-anchor cell via cell-specific RRC signaling, such as the anchor cell's SSB and / or SIB1 and / or SIB (e.g., whether SIB1 is currently being transmitted periodically, and if so, information about the transmission time pattern of SIB1 in the corresponding other frequency bands, and if not, configuration information for UE WUS resources for the on-demand SIB1 procedure). For each associated non-anchor cell, the BS can provide at least one of the following information fragments and can distinguish the associated non-anchor cells from each other based on at least one of the following information fragments.

[0282] (1) Physical Cell ID (PCI): A PCI can be generated as a combination of PSS and SSS. For example, up to 1008 PCIs can be generated in a 5G NR system. The BS can indicate one of these values ​​(or only a portion of the values). A UE that transitions to the associated non-anchor cell corresponding to the PCI and receives an SSB on the non-anchor cell can expect the SSB to include the corresponding PCI value (or the PCI value corresponding to the indicated partial information).

[0283] (2) Global Cell ID (GCI): A unique ID that identifies the cell / BS can be defined. For example, in 5G NR, this is defined as the NR Cell Global Identifier (NCGI), which is generated by concatenating the PLMN-ID and the 36-bit NR Cell Identifier (NCI). The BS can indicate such a value (or only a portion thereof). A UE receiving an SIB for the associated non-anchor cell corresponding to the GCI can expect the SIB to include the corresponding GCI value (or the GCI value corresponding to the indicated partial information).

[0284] (3) Frequency location information of the SSB: The BS can provide the frequency location information (e.g., center frequency information) of the SSB transmitted in the associated non-anchor cell. For example, in 5G NR, the center frequency of the SSB can be transmitted by signal via parameters such as NR-ARFCN. The BS can indicate the frequency location information of the SSB (e.g., NR-ARFCN value or offset value from the GSCN of the SSB transmitted on the anchor cell). The UE that switches to the associated non-anchor cell corresponding to the frequency location information of the SSB and receives the SSB can expect to detect the SSB based on the frequency location information. The center frequency location of the SSB transmitted on the non-anchor cell can be the same as or different from the predefined Global Synchronization Channel Number (GSCN). In addition, whether the SSB transmitted on the non-anchor cell is a cell-defined SSB (CD-SSB) or a non-cell-defined SSB (NCD-SSB) can be predefined or indicated by the anchor cell. The provision of information about the anchor cell (i.e., whether the SSB transmitted on the non-anchor cell is a CD-SSB or an NCD-SSB) may be limited to cases where the center frequency position of the SSB transmitted on the non-anchor cell differs from the defined GSCN. A CD-SSB refers to an SSB that transmits configuration information for CORESET#0 and / or search space set 0 for SIB1 PDCCH reception via its signaling. Conversely, an NCD-SSB refers to an SSB that does not transmit configuration information for CORESET#0 (e.g., the controlResourceSetZero parameter) and / or search space set 0 (e.g., the searchSpaceZero parameter) for SIB1 PDCCH reception via its signaling. If the SSB on the non-anchor cell is an NCD-SSB, the anchor cell may provide configuration information for CORESET#0 and / or search space set 0, and / or configuration information such as ssb-SubcarrierOffset. If the SSB in the non-anchor cell is a CD-SSB, the configuration information for CORESET#0 and / or search space set 0 and / or configuration information such as ssb-SubcarrierOffset received by the SIB1 PDCCH can be provided by the anchor cell, or (if not provided by the anchor cell, or according to the configuration / instruction from the anchor cell) the UE can obtain the corresponding configuration information from the SSB on the non-anchor cell.

[0285] When one or more non-anchor cells corresponding to the above information exist, unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be assigned to each non-anchor cell. In various embodiments, the term cell can be replaced by TRP. For example, a single serving cell may include one or more TRPs. For example, when N CORESET pool indices are configured for a UE, each CORESET can be linked to a different TRP, and the TRP can be identified based on the CORESET pool index. For example, the TRP can be identified based on the PCI. In NR systems, the ability to configure SSBs with PCI values ​​different from the serving cell's PCI has been introduced to support intra-cell or inter-cell multi-TRP operations. For example, an SSB with PCI#1 can be configured for the serving cell, and when an additional SSB is configured to be transmitted on the serving cell, the additional SSB can be configured with PCI#2. In this way, for a single serving cell configuration, the BS can configure an SSB with a PCI different from the serving cell's PCI. In this case, the transport entities of SSBs with different PCIs can correspond to different TRPs.

[0286] As described above, unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to non-anchor cells can be explicitly signaled or implicitly determined according to rules, as described below.

[0287] - Explicit Method: As described above, the unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) of non-anchor cells linked to a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} can be explicitly configured. In the example where the unique ID information is the cell index, the BS can signal in the BS configuration message that the cell index of the non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=A, SSB center frequency=F_a} is 1, and the cell index of the non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=B, SSB center frequency=F_b} is 2.

[0288] - Implicit Method: As described above, the unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) of a non-anchor cell linked to a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} can be determined according to rules. In the example where the unique ID information is cell_index, when the configuration message via the BS includes a non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=A, SSB center frequency=F_a} and a non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=B, SSB center frequency=F_b}, the cell index of the non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=A, SSB center frequency=F_a} can be implicitly determined as 1, and the cell index of the non-anchor cell configured with {PCI=B, SSB center frequency=F_b} can be implicitly determined as 2, according to the configuration order. In another example, the association between anchor cells and non-anchor cells can be predefined in the standard, and in this case, the cell_index of the non-anchor cell linked to a specific anchor cell can also be determined.

[0289] The cell_index corresponding to the anchor cell can be predefined or configured to a specific value (e.g., cell_index=0).

[0290] The BS can configure at least one of the following information fragments for each non-anchor cell by signaling sent on the anchor cell (e.g., via cell-specific RRC signaling such as SSB and / or SIB1 and / or SIB).

[0291] (i) Information regarding whether SIB1 is being transmitted on the corresponding non-anchor cell: Additionally, information regarding whether SIB1 transmission on a non-anchor cell can be triggered via on-demand SIB1 may also be included. If SIB1 is being transmitted, signaling regarding whether the transmission started at time point T1 and regarding time point T1 may be included. Furthermore, if SIB1 is being transmitted, signaling regarding whether the transmission will continue until time point T2 and regarding time point T2 may also be included.

[0292] (ii) UE WUS related configuration: This may include configuration information for UE WUS resources used to request SIB1 transmissions on the corresponding non-anchor cell. Additionally, if it is defined that a DL signal / channel of the UE WUS can be successfully received via its BS (referred to as ACK for convenience) (when the UE WUS is PRACH, the ACK may be in RAR form, utilizing RA-RNTI and / or DCI scrambled with PDSCH including MAC CE), information regarding the CORESET and / or search space (SS) set corresponding to the ACK may be included.

[0293] (iii) Information regarding whether an SSB is being transmitted on the corresponding non-anchor cell: If an SSB is being transmitted, this may include signaling regarding whether the transmission started at time point T1 and signaling regarding time point T1. Furthermore, if an SSB is being transmitted, this may also include signaling regarding whether the transmission will continue until time point T2 and signaling regarding time point T2.

[0294] (iv) Information regarding the CORESET and / or SS set used to receive SIB1 corresponding to the non-anchor cell.

[0295] Regarding the CORESET and / or SS set, and / or DL ​​reception (e.g., PDSCH or PDCCH) and / or UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH or HARQ-ACK PUCCH) used to perform random access and paging procedures after receiving SIB1 corresponding to a non-anchor cell: Random access can refer to all or part of the following in a 4-step random access procedure (or a Type 1 random access procedure according to the NR standard): DCI transmission from the BS, PRACH transmission from the UE, RAR transmission from the BS, Msg3 PUSCH transmission from the UE, PDSCH transmission from the BS including contention resolution, and HARQ-ACK transmission from the UE for PDSCH. Alternatively, random access may refer to all or part of the following in a two-step random access procedure (or a Type 2 random access procedure according to the NR standard): msgA PRACH and msgAPUSCH transmissions from the UE, RAR transmissions from the BS, HARQ-ACK transmissions from the UE corresponding to the RAR, PUSCH transmissions from the UE corresponding to the RAR, PDSCH transmissions from the BS including contention-resolved PDSCH transmissions, and HARQ-ACK transmissions from the UE for the PDSCH. Furthermore, paging procedures may refer to operations such as receiving DCI scrambled with P-RNTI using the Type 2-PDCCH CSS set, receiving PDSCH scheduled by the DCI, or receiving DCI scrambled with PEI-RNTI using the Type 2A-PDCCH CSS set.

[0296] When information about each non-anchor cell is transmitted by signal, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or cell_index information may be included together with the information described in embodiments (a) to (e) below.

[0297] (a) Information regarding whether SIB1 is being transmitted on the corresponding non-anchor cell: Additionally, information regarding whether SIB1 transmission on the corresponding non-anchor cell can be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 request may also be included. If SIB1 is being transmitted, signaling regarding whether the transmission began at time point T1 and regarding time point T1 may be included. Furthermore, if SIB1 is being transmitted, signaling regarding whether the transmission will continue until time point T2 and regarding time point T2 may also be included.

[0298] - In the method of signaling for a non-anchor cell on which SIB1 is being transmitted, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be used. In the example using cell index, the BS can signal that it is transmitting SIB1 on the non-anchor cell corresponding to {PCI=A, SSB center frequency=F_a}, while not transmitting SIB1 on the non-anchor cell corresponding to {PCI=B, SSB center frequency=F_b}. In another example, the BS can signal that it is transmitting SIB1 on the non-anchor cell corresponding to cell_index#1, while not transmitting SIB1 on the non-anchor cell corresponding to cell_index#2.

[0299] - In the method for signaling on a non-anchor cell on which SIB1 transmission can be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 procedure, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be used. In the example using cell index, the BS can signal that SIB1 transmission cannot be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 procedure on the non-anchor cell corresponding to {PCI=A, SSB center frequency=F_a}, but can be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 procedure on the non-anchor cell corresponding to {PCI=B, SSB center frequency=F_b}. In another example, the BS can signal that SIB1 transmission cannot be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 procedure on the non-anchor cell corresponding to cell_index#1, but can be triggered via an on-demand SIB1 procedure on the non-anchor cell corresponding to cell_index#2.

[0300] (b) UE WUS related configuration: This may include configuration information for UE WUS resources used to request SIB1 transmissions on the corresponding non-anchor cell. Additionally, if it is defined that a DL signal / channel of the UE WUS can be successfully received via its BS (referred to as ACK for convenience) (when the UE WUS is PRACH, the ACK may be in RAR form, utilizing RA-RNTI and / or DCI scrambled with PDSCH including MAC CE), information regarding the CORESET and / or SS set corresponding to the ACK may be included.

[0301] - In the method for configuring a cell on which UE WUS is transmitted for a specific non-anchor cell, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to that cell can be used. In another method, rules can be defined such that UE WUS resources are configured on the corresponding anchor cell (unless otherwise configured).

[0302] - In the method for configuring a non-anchor cell corresponding to the UE WUS for the purpose of on-demand SIB1, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell can be used.

[0303] - In the method of signaling for a cell on which to transmit a CORESET and / or SS set carrying an ACK, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information corresponding to the cell (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be used. In another method, rules can be defined such that the corresponding CORESET and / or SS set is configured on the cell on which the UE WUS is transmitted. In yet another method, rules can be defined such that the corresponding CORESET and / or SS set is configured on the corresponding non-anchor cell (or on the anchor cell) (unless otherwise configured).

[0304] - If the ACK message may include information about a non-anchor cell on which the UE WUS has successfully received a request for SIB1 transmission and / or on which the BS has initiated SIB1 transmission, then a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell may be used.

[0305] - When the BS sends a DCI scrambled with RA-RNTI in RAR form as an ACK and can transmit the UE WUS on one or more non-anchor cells, it may be necessary to distinguish the cell on which the UE WUS is transmitted using RA-RNTI. In this case, unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be included in the RA-RNTI calculation formula. For example, the corresponding RA-RNTI value can be calculated differently depending on whether the UE WUS is transmitted on the cell corresponding to cell_index #1 or cell_index #2. When calculating the RA-RNTI, the cell_index corresponding to the anchor cell can typically be 0.

[0306] (c) Information regarding whether an SSB is being transmitted on the corresponding non-anchor cell: If an SSB is being transmitted, this may include signaling regarding whether the transmission started at time point T1 and regarding time point T1. Furthermore, if an SSB is being transmitted, this may also include signaling regarding whether the transmission will continue until time point T2 and regarding time point T2.

[0307] - In the method for signaling a non-anchor cell on which an SSB is being transmitted, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell can be used. Alternatively, whether to transmit an SSB on a non-anchor cell can be determined according to predefined rules. For example, if the anchor cell and the non-anchor cell belong to the same frequency band or frequency range, or if the frequency gap between them is less than or equal to a specific value, an SSB may not be transmitted on the non-anchor cell (unless otherwise configured). In another example, if the anchor cell and the non-anchor cell belong to different frequency bands or frequency ranges, or if the frequency gap between them exceeds a specific value, an SSB may be transmitted on the non-anchor cell (unless otherwise configured).

[0308] (d) Information regarding the CORESET and / or SS set used to receive SIB1 corresponding to the non-anchor cell.

[0309] - In the method of signaling for a cell on which CORESET and / or SS sets are transmitted, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the cell can be used. In another method, rules can be defined such that the corresponding CORESET and / or SS sets are configured on the cell on which UE WUS is transmitted. In yet another method, rules can be defined such that the corresponding CORESET and / or SS sets are configured on the corresponding non-anchor cell (or on the anchor cell) (unless otherwise configured).

[0310] - In the method for signaling used for CORESET and / or SS set intended for SIB1 reception of which non-anchor cell, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell can be used.

[0311] - If the DCI for scheduling SIB1 PDSCH can include information about the non-anchor cell for which SIB1 PDSCH is scheduled, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell can be used.

[0312] (e) Regarding information for performing random access and paging procedures after receiving SIB1 corresponding to a non-anchor cell, including CORESET and / or SS set and / or DL ​​reception (e.g., PDSCH or PDCCH) and / or UL transmission (e.g., PUSCH or HARQ-ACK PUCCH): Random access may refer to all or part of the following in a 4-step random access procedure (or a Type 1 random access procedure according to the NR standard): DCI transmission from the BS, PRACH transmission from the UE, RAR transmission from the BS, msg3 PUSCH transmission from the UE, PDSCH transmission from the BS including contention resolution, and HARQ-ACK transmission from the UE for PDSCH. Alternatively, random access may refer to all or part of the following in a two-step random access procedure (or a Type 2 random access procedure according to the NR standard): transmissions of msgA PRACH and msgAPUSCH from the UE, transmissions of RAR from the BS, transmissions of HARQ-ACK from the UE corresponding to the RAR, transmissions of PUSCH from the UE corresponding to the RAR, transmissions of PDSCH from the BS including contention-resolved PDSCH, and transmissions of HARQ-ACK from the UE for PDSCH. Furthermore, paging procedures may refer to operations such as receiving DCI scrambled with P-RNTI via the Type 2-PDCCH CSS set, receiving PDSCH scheduled by the DCI, or receiving DCI scrambled with PEI-RNTI via the Type 2A-PDCCH CSS set.

[0313] - In the method of signaling for a cell on which a random access procedure corresponding to a non-anchor cell is performed, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to that cell can be used. This information can be configured / applied to / from the entire random access procedure, or configured / applied differently for each procedure, or configured / applied differently for the UL procedure and the DL procedure. In another method, rules can be defined such that the random access procedure is performed by a cell on which the UE WUS is transmitted (or by a cell on which a paging procedure is performed). In yet another method, rules can be defined such that the random access procedure is performed on the corresponding non-anchor cell (or on the anchor cell) (unless otherwise configured). This information can be signaled by signals transmitted on the non-anchor cell (e.g., SSB and / or SIB1 on the non-anchor cell) instead of by signals transmitted on the anchor cell.

[0314] - In the method of signaling for a cell on which a paging procedure corresponding to a non-anchor cell is performed, a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to that cell can be used. This information can be configured / applied to / from the entire paging procedure, or it can be configured / applied differently depending on each procedure. In another method, rules can be defined such that the paging procedure is performed by the cell on which the UE WUS is transmitted (or by the cell on which a random access procedure is performed). In yet another method, rules can be defined such that the paging procedure is performed on the corresponding non-anchor cell (or on the anchor cell) (unless otherwise configured). This information can be signaled by signals transmitted on the non-anchor cell (e.g., SSB and / or SIB1 on the non-anchor cell) instead of by signals transmitted on the anchor cell.

[0315] - If the DCI for scheduling the PDSCH can include information about the non-anchor cell for which the PDSCH is scheduled, information about the non-anchor cell for which the SI is updated, and / or information about the non-anchor cell on which the initial access (or random access) is triggered, then a combination of {PCI, GCI, SSB frequency location information} and / or unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) corresponding to the non-anchor cell can be used.

[0316] When using unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) as signaling for a specific cell as described above, the unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be pre-configured via higher-level signaling (e.g., cell-specific, UE group common, or UE-specific RRC signaling), or the unique ID information (i.e., cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or additional PCI) can be dynamically indicated via DCI, MACCE, etc.

[0317] During the paging process described above, operations need to be defined for cases where the paging DCI and / or PDSCH indicate an SI update for a specific non-anchor cell. If the UE is camped on a non-anchor cell, the SI update can trigger an on-demand SIB1 procedure, and the UE can send a UE WUS. Furthermore, when the above configuration specifies that the paging procedure should be performed on a cell different from the camped non-anchor cell (e.g., an anchor cell), the UE can switch to another cell configured for the paging procedure and perform the paging procedure to determine whether the SI has been updated for the non-anchor cell each time the SI is modified. Additionally, during the paging process, when configuring / indicating initial access (or random access) on a specific non-anchor cell, the UE can send a UE WUS to request an SIB1 transmission on the non-anchor cell, or it can perform a random access procedure on the non-anchor cell. In the latter case, the BS can initiate an SIB1 transmission upon receiving the corresponding PRACH.

[0318] [Proposal #2] Controlling access for legacy UEs to a second cell (e.g., a non-anchor cell).

[0319] Given that SIB1 cannot be transmitted on non-anchor cells and that SIB1 transmission can only begin after the on-demand SIB1 procedure, a method may be needed to prevent legacy UEs and / or UEs without on-demand SIB1 capability from accessing non-anchor cells. If a legacy UE and / or a UE without on-demand SIB1 capability detects an SSB transmitted on a non-anchor cell and attempts to receive SIB1, the UE may ultimately have to attempt access via another cell because the SIB1 was not actually transmitted on a non-anchor cell. As a result, initial access delays may increase.

[0320] Therefore, at least one of the following methods can be used to prevent legacy UEs and / or UEs without on-demand SIB1 capability from accessing non-anchor cells.

[0321] - The BS can transmit SSBs on non-anchor cells by configuring the frequency locations of SSBs to frequency locations not defined for legacy UEs and / or UEs without on-demand SIB1 capability. For example, in NR systems, the standard defines frequency locations that can be used for the center frequency of SSBs, allowing UEs to attempt SSB detection during initial access, and these frequency locations are called Global Synchronization Channel Numbers (GSCNs). That is, it is possible to specify that SSBs transmitted on non-anchor cells are not transmitted on the GSCN. Additionally, a separate set of GSCNs can be defined (for UEs with on-demand SIB1 capability).

[0322] - The BS can indicate that a cell is a non-anchor cell via the SIB1 PDSCH scheduling DCI (or SSB) transmitted on the non-anchor cell. For example, the BS can indicate that a cell is a non-anchor cell by setting the Frequency Domain Resource Allocation (FDRA) field to all zeros or all ones in the DCI scrambled with SI-RNTI. In another example, the BS can indicate that a cell is a non-anchor cell by using a 1-bit flag from the reserved bits of the DCI scrambled with SI-RNTI.

[0323] [Proposal #3] To provide information about the first cell (e.g., via an SSB on a second cell (e.g., a non-anchor cell) Methods for obtaining information from anchor cells

[0324] The BS can indicate that the corresponding cell is a non-anchor cell via cell-specific RRC signaling such as SSB and / or SIB1 and / or SIB transmitted on a non-anchor cell. In this case, the UE may need information about the on-demand SIB1 procedure to trigger SIB1 transmission on the non-anchor cell (this information may include information about the UE WUS configuration and may be at least one of the information fragments listed in [Proposal #1]).

[0325] Therefore, the BS can notify the UE of the location of the anchor cell that transmits the corresponding information via signaling. Specifically, the BS can provide at least one of the following information segments about the anchor cell via cell-specific RRC signaling, such as SSB and / or SIB1 and / or SIB transmitted on a non-anchor cell.

[0326] (1) Physical Cell ID (PCI): A PCI can be generated as a combination of PSS and SSS. For example, up to 1008 PCIs can be generated in a 5G NR system. The BS can indicate one of those values ​​(or only part of it). A UE that transitions to the associated anchor cell corresponding to the PCI and receives the SSB can expect the SSB to include the corresponding PCI value (or the PCI value corresponding to the indicated partial information).

[0327] (2) Global Cell ID (GCI): A unique ID that identifies a cell, BS, etc. For example, in 5G NR, the ID is defined as the NR Cell Global Identifier (NCGI) and is generated by concatenating the PLMN-ID and the 36-bit NR Cell Identifier (NCI). The BS can indicate one of the values ​​(or only part of its information). A UE that transitions to the associated anchor cell corresponding to the GCI and receives the SIB can expect the SIB to include the corresponding GCI value (or the GCI value corresponding to the indicated partial information).

[0328] (3) SSB Frequency Location Information: The BS can provide the frequency location information (e.g., center frequency information) of the SSB transmitted on the associated anchor cell. For example, in 5G NR, the center frequency of the SSB can be transmitted as a signal via the parameter NR-ARFCN. The BS can indicate the frequency location information of the SSB. A UE that moves to the associated anchor cell corresponding to the SSB frequency location information and receives the SSB can expect to detect the SSB based on the indicated SSB frequency location information.

[0329] At least one of the aforementioned PCI, GCI, or SSB frequency location information can be indicated by the PBCH payload. Specifically, at least one of the PCI, GCI, or SSB frequency location information of the first cell (e.g., anchor cell / cell A) can be indicated by k in Table 1 below. SSB =30 corresponds to the retention state and k in Table 2 below. SSB =14 indicates the corresponding reserved state.

[0330] Tables 1 and 2 are excerpts from Tables 13-16 and 13-17 of the current NR standard specification TS 38.213, respectively. Table 1 illustrates k for frequency range 1 (FR1). SSB The combination of the controlResourceSetZero and searchSpaceZero parameters, and N, included in pdcch-ConfigSIB1. GSCN Offset The mapping within. Table 2 illustrates k for FR1. SSB The combination of the controlResourceSetZero and searchSpaceZero parameters, and N, included in pdcch-ConfigSIB1. GSCN Offset The mapping within.

[0331] [Table 1]

[0332] [Table 2]

[0333] According to the current NR standard, for FR1, when providing a CORESET for SIB1, k SSB Values ​​0 to 23 are used to indicate the subcarrier offset for CORESET in SIB1, and k SSBValues ​​24 through 29 are used to indicate the GSCN offset from the current SSB's GSCN to the CD-SSB's GSCN. For example, when the value of 16×controlResourceSetZero+searchSpaceZero calculated based on the current SSB is 1 and indicates k... SSB When k = 24, the UE can receive the CD-SSB at the location corresponding to the current SSB GSCN+2, and receive SIB1 based on this CD-SSB. For FR1, k... SSB =30 and k for FR2 SSB =14 is a reserved state in the current NR standard and is therefore not used to indicate GSCN offset.

[0334] Therefore, in the example of this disclosure, when k for FR1 SSB When the value (or the value configured / indicated by the higher-level parameter ssb-SubcarrierOffset carried in the MIB) is 30, all or part of the 256 reserved states corresponding to [16 × {controlResourceSetZero value carried in the MIB} + {searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB}] can be used to transmit at least one of the PCI, GCI, or SSB frequency location information of the anchor cell by signal transmission.

[0335] For example, when k for FR2 SSB When the value (or the value configured / indicated by the higher-level parameter ssb-SubcarrierOffset carried in the MIB) is 14, all or part of the 256 reserved states corresponding to [16 × {controlResourceSetZero value carried in the MIB} + {searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB}] can be used to transmit at least one of the PCI, GCI, or SSB frequency location information of the anchor cell via signaling. Each of controlResourceSetZero and searchSpaceZero is a higher-level parameter that provides 4 bits of information in the PDCCH-ConfigSIB1 IE included in the MIB of the SSB.

[0336] All or part of the reserved state can be signaled from the GSCN (corresponding to the SSB on the non-anchor cell) to the GSCN corresponding to the SSB transmitted on the anchor cell (for convenience, this is referred to as the GSCN). distance Specifically, if the UE receives an indication for FR1 via the detected SSB, k SSB A value of 30 or k for FR2 SSBA signaling value of 14 allows the UE to identify the corresponding cell as a non-anchor cell from the SSB. Furthermore, when [16 × {controlResourceSetZero value carried in the MIB} + {searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB}] (or one of the corresponding values ​​from 0 to 255) is N (where N can be an integer from 0 to 255), and the corresponding N is... GSCN Offset When the value is defined as K, the UE can identify the SSB corresponding to the anchor cell that is communicating with the GSCN of the detected SSB (referred to as N). GSCN Reference At the GSCN that is separated by a gap of ×K (or 3×K in FR2-2) (i.e., at N) GSCN Reference +Interval × K or N GSCN Reference The signal is transmitted at +3×K. Alternatively, the UE can identify that the SSB corresponding to the anchor cell is being transmitted from N. GSCN Reference - Interval × K to N GSCN Reference + interval × K (or within the range of N) GSCN Reference + Interval × (K-1) and less than or equal to / below N GSCN Reference + The range of interval × K, or within a range greater than or equal to / exceeding N GSCN Reference + Interval × K and less than or equal to / below N GSCN Reference It is transmitted at some GSCNs within the range of +interval × (K+1). The interval value can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 (e.g., 3) and can be predefined or configured by the anchor cell. Values ​​greater than 1 can be considered because a maximum of 256 states may not be sufficient to indicate the location of the anchor cell.

[0337] In another approach, some of the 8 bits corresponding to the reserved state (e.g., N1 bits) can be used to configure the CORESET#0 and / or type 0-PDCCH CSS set for SIB1 reception on the non-anchor cell, and the remaining bits (e.g., 8-N1 bits) can be used to signal the distance from the GSCN (corresponding to the SSB on the non-anchor cell) to the GSCN corresponding to the SSB transmitted on the anchor cell (as associated with the non-anchor cell) (for convenience, this is referred to as the GSCN). distance Specifically, if the UE receives an indication from the detected SSB that k is for FR1 SSB A value of 30 or k for FR2SSB With a signaling value of 14, the UE can identify the corresponding cell as a non-anchor cell from the SSB. The UE can be configured with CORESET#0 (or Type0-PDCCH CSS set) using N1 bits carried in the MIB (e.g., when N1=4, the corresponding 4 bits are the controlResourceSetZero field), and can be configured with GSCN using the remaining 8-N1 bits. distance Related information (e.g., when 8-N1=4, the corresponding 4 bits of information is the searchSpaceZero field carried in the MIB). Specifically, when the searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB is N (where N can be an integer from 0 to 15), and the corresponding N... GSCN Offset When the value is defined as K, the UE can identify the SSB corresponding to the anchor cell that is communicating with the GSCN of the detected SSB (referred to as N). GSCN Reference At the GSCN that is separated by a gap of ×K (or 3×K in FR2-2) (i.e., at N) GSCN Reference +Interval × K or N GSCN Reference (At +3×K) it is transmitted. Alternatively, the UE can identify that the SSB corresponding to the anchor cell is being transmitted from N. GSCN Reference - Interval × K to N GSCN Reference + interval × K (or within the range of N) GSCN Reference + Interval × (K-1) and less than or equal to / below N GSCN Reference + The range of interval × K, or within a range greater than or equal to / exceeding N GSCN Reference + Interval × K and less than or equal to / below N GSCN Reference It is transmitted at some GSCNs within the range of +interval × (K+1). The interval value can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and can be predefined or configured by the anchor cell. Values ​​greater than 1 can be considered because a maximum of 16 states may not be sufficient to indicate the location of the anchor cell. If the CORESET 0 and / or Type0-PDCCHCSS set configuration information obtained from the reserved states for SIB1 reception on non-anchor cells is insufficient (e.g., only CORESET#0 configuration information is configured by the reserved states), the UE can receive the remaining information (e.g., Type0-PDCCH CSS set configuration information) in the SIBs transmitted on the anchor cell.

[0338] Alternatively, all or some of the reserved states can be sent using signals {GSCN}. distance The combination of , PCI}. For example, it can be predefined that when [16 × {the controlResourceSetZero value carried in the MIB} + {the searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB}] (or some of the corresponding values ​​from 0 to 255), or {the searchSpaceZero value carried in the MIB} is N1, the corresponding information is {GSCN}. distance =3, PCI=500}, and when it is N2, the corresponding information is {GSCN}. distance =10, PCI=400}. When the UE detects an SSB and identifies the corresponding cell as a non-anchor cell from that SSB, if [16 × {controlResourceSetZero value carried in MIB} + {searchSpaceZero value carried in MIB}] equals N1, then the UE can determine that the SSB corresponding to the anchor cell is currently in N... GSCN Reference +interval × K or N GSCN Reference The signal is transmitted at +3×K, and the PCI value of the SSB is 500. The interval value can be a positive integer greater than or equal to 1 and can be predefined or configured by the anchor cell. Values ​​greater than 1 can be considered, as a maximum of only 256 states may be insufficient to indicate the anchor cell's location. In another approach, all or part of the reserved states can be transmitted using signals {CORESET#0 and / or Type0-PDCCH CSS set configuration for SIB1 reception of non-anchor cells, GSCN}. distance A combination of}.

[0339] When the UE detects an SSB and identifies the corresponding cell as a non-anchor cell from the SSB (i.e., when the UE receives an indication of k for FR1 via the detected SSB) SSB A value of 30 or k for FR2 SSB When a signaling value of 14 is detected, if an SSB is detected that does not satisfy the information corresponding to [16 × {controlResourceSetZero value carried in MIB} + {searchSpaceZero value carried in MIB}], the UE may consider that the corresponding cell is not an anchor cell associated with the previously detected non-anchor cell.

[0340] When the UE receives the instruction k for FR1 via the SSB transmitted on the non-anchor cell SSB A value of 30 or k for FR2 SSBWhen the signaling value is 14, if the SSB is transmitted on the synchronization grid, information about the anchor cell can be transmitted using the reserved state as described above. Conversely, if the SSB is not transmitted on the synchronization grid, the controlResourceSetZero and searchSpaceZero values ​​carried in the MIB can be used to transmit CORESET#0 configuration information and Type0-PDCCH CSS set configuration information, respectively (similar to k for FR1). SSB A value of 23 or less, or k for FR2 SSB (For cases where the value is 11 or less).

[0341] The GSCN for transmitting an SSB on a non-anchor cell can be a GSCN value defined for legacy UEs and / or UEs without on-demand SIB1 capability, or a GSCN value defined for legacy UEs and / or UEs without on-demand SIB1 capability (as described in [Proposal #2] above). In the latter case, a separate set of GSCNs can be defined for UEs with on-demand SIB1 capability, and information about whether the corresponding cell is a non-anchor cell can be transmitted via the SSB (and / or associated SIB) corresponding to the GSCN.

[0342] Figure 19 The diagram illustrates the SIB1 transmission / reception process between the network and the UE according to an embodiment.

[0343] refer to Figure 19 The UE can receive configuration information (1901) via higher-layer signaling (e.g., SSB, SIB1, SIBx, and / or dedicated / public RRC signaling) on ​​a first cell (e.g., cell A). As proposed in [Proposal #1], the configuration information may include at least one of the following: information about a second cell (e.g., an NES cell), the cell index, TRP index, CORESET pool index, and / or PCI of the second cell, as a configuration for PRACH resources for a UE WUS requesting SIB1 transmission on the second cell, or configuration information for the SS set and / or CORESET on the second cell, for receiving RAR-related PDCCH (DCI).

[0344] To request SIB1 transmission on the second cell, the UE may perform a random access procedure on the second cell (1902). Upon receiving a response to the SIB1 transmission request from the BS via the random access procedure (e.g., RAR and / or Msg4), the UE may receive SIB1 on the second cell (1903).

[0345] When a BS operates across multiple frequency bands, it may periodically transmit SSB and / or system information only in a specific frequency band for NES purposes, while not periodically transmitting the corresponding signals / channels in the remaining frequency bands. To support this operation of the BS and to ensure reliable communication of the UE in the corresponding frequency band, this disclosure proposes an on-demand SIB1 operation method (specifically, a method for providing information about non-anchor cells via the anchor cell's SSB and / or SIB1, a method for controlling legacy UE access to non-anchor cells, and a method for providing information about anchor cells via the non-anchor cell's SSB).

[0346] Figure 20 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a UE according to an embodiment.

[0347] refer to Figure 20 The UE can obtain system information from the first cell (2005).

[0348] The UE can send a random access preamble on the second cell to request SIB1 transmission on the second cell (2010).

[0349] The UE can monitor RAR-related DCI on the second cell based on RA-RNTI (2015).

[0350] The system information obtained from the first cell may include configuration information for the SS set used for monitoring the DCI in the second cell.

[0351] The UE can obtain information about the frequency location of the first SSB in the first cell based on the second SSB of the second cell.

[0352] The UE can obtain information about the frequency position of the first SSB based on the value of parameter kSSB in the second SSB, which is set to 30 for the first frequency range or 14 for the second frequency range.

[0353] The UE can determine the frequency offset value based on the first parameter for CORESET#0 and the second parameter for searching space set #0 included in the second SSB, and determine that the first SSB is provided at a position that is an integer multiple of the frequency offset value separated from the frequency position of the second SSB.

[0354] For the first frequency range and the second frequency range, the integer values ​​used for integer multiples may be different.

[0355] The UE can receive the first SSB on the first cell based on information about the frequency location of the first SSB.

[0356] The system information of the first cell can be obtained based on the first SSB.

[0357] The system information obtained from the first cell may further include at least one of the following: information about whether SIB1 is being transmitted on the second cell, information about the start time of the SIB1 transmission, and information about the end time of the SIB1 transmission.

[0358] The transmission of the random access preamble for requesting SIB1 transmission can be triggered based on the system information update on the second cell.

[0359] The UE can receive the PDSCH associated with RAR based on DCI, and receive SIB1 on the second cell.

[0360] Figure 21 This is a flowchart illustrating a method performed by a BS according to an embodiment.

[0361] refer to Figure 21 The BS can send system information (2105) on the first cell.

[0362] The BS can receive a random access preamble (2110) requesting SIB1 transmission on the second cell.

[0363] The BS can send the DCI (2115) related to RAR on the second cell based on RA-RNTI.

[0364] The system information transmitted on the first cell may include configuration information for the SS set of the second cell for DCI transmission.

[0365] The BS can provide information about the frequency location of the first SSB in the first cell based on the second SSB in the second cell.

[0366] The BS can provide information about the frequency position of the first SSB by setting the value of parameter kSSB to 30 for the first frequency range or setting the value of parameter kSSB to 14 for the second frequency range in the second SSB.

[0367] The BS can indicate the frequency offset value based on the first parameter for CORESET 0 and the second parameter for searching space set 0 in the second SSB, and provide the first SSB at a position that is an integer multiple of the frequency offset value separated from the frequency position of the second SSB.

[0368] For the first frequency range and the second frequency range, the integer values ​​used for integer multiples may be different.

[0369] The BS can transmit the first SSB on the first cell based on information about the frequency location of the first SSB.

[0370] System information for the first cell can be provided based on the first SSB.

[0371] The system information transmitted on the first cell may further include at least one of the following: information about whether SIB1 is transmitted on the second cell, information about the start time of SIB1 transmission, and information about the end time of SIB1 transmission.

[0372] A random access preamble requesting SIB1 transmission can be sent based on system information updates on the second cell.

[0373] The BS can send PDSCH related to RAR based on DCI, and send SIB1 on the second cell.

[0374] The above embodiments are combinations of components and features of this disclosure in a specific form. Unless otherwise stated, each component or feature should be considered selectively. Each component or feature may be implemented without combination with other components or features. Some components and / or features may also be combined to form embodiments of this disclosure. The order of operations described in the embodiments of this disclosure may be changed. Some configurations or features of one embodiment may be included in another embodiment, or may be replaced by corresponding configurations or features of another embodiment. Obviously, claims that do not have an explicit referential relationship in the claims may be combined to form embodiments or included as new claims by post-submission modifications.

[0375] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this disclosure may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from its characteristics. Therefore, the above detailed description should not be construed as restrictive in all respects, but rather as illustrative. The scope of this disclosure should be determined by a reasonable interpretation of the appended claims, and all modifications within the equivalent scope of this disclosure are included within its scope.

[0376] Industrial applicability

[0377] This disclosure can be applied to UEs, BSs, or other devices in wireless communication systems.

Claims

1. A method performed by a user equipment (UE), comprising: obtaining system information from a first cell; transmitting, on a second cell, a random access preamble for requesting a system information block 1 (SIB1) transmission of the second cell; and monitoring, on the second cell, downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response based on a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI), wherein the system information obtained from the first cell includes configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for monitoring the DCI. the UE obtains information on a frequency location of a first synchronization signal block (SSB) on the first cell based on a second SSB on the second cell.

2. The method of claim 1, wherein, the UE determines a frequency offset value based on first parameters for a control resource set (CORESET) 0 and second parameters for a search space set 0 included in the second SSB, and determines that the first SSB is located at a location that is separated from the frequency location of the second SSB by an integer multiple of the frequency offset value.

3. The method of claim 2, wherein, Based on the parameter k included in the second SSB SSB The value is set to 30 for the first frequency range or 14 for the second frequency range, and the UE obtains information about the frequency location of the first SSB.

4. The method of claim 2, wherein, an integer value for the integer multiple is different for each of a first frequency range and a second frequency range.

5. The method of claim 4, wherein, 6.The method of claim 2, further comprising: receiving, on the first cell, the first SSB based on the information on the frequency location of the first SSB, wherein the system information of the first cell is obtained based on the first SSB. the system information obtained from the first cell further includes at least one of information on whether the SIB1 is being transmitted on the second cell, information on a starting time point of the SIB1 transmission, and information on an ending time point of the SIB1 transmission.

7. The method of claim 1, wherein, the transmitting of the random access preamble for requesting the SIB1 transmission is based on a system information update being triggered on the second cell.

8. The method of claim 1, wherein, 9.The method of claim 1, further comprising: receiving, based on the DCI, a physical downlink shared channel (PDSCH) related to the random access response; and receiving, on the second cell, the SIB1. 10.A non-transitory computer-readable recording medium having recorded thereon a program for executing the method of claim 1. 11.An apparatus, comprising: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor configured to perform operations by executing the instructions, wherein the operations of the processor include: obtaining system information from a first cell; transmitting, on a second cell, a random access preamble for requesting a system information block 1 (SIB1) transmission of the second cell; and monitoring, on the second cell, downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response based on a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI), and wherein the system information obtained from the first cell includes configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for monitoring the DCI. ​ ​ ​ 12. The apparatus of claim 11, further comprising a transceiver, wherein the apparatus is a user equipment (UE) operating in a wireless communication system.

13. The apparatus of claim 11, wherein, the apparatus is a processing device configured to control a user equipment (UE) operating in a wireless communication system.

14. A method performed by a base station (BS), comprising: transmitting system information on a first cell; receiving a random access preamble requesting a system information block 1 (SIB1) transmission for a second cell on the second cell; and transmitting downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response on the second cell based on a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI), wherein the system information transmitted on the first cell includes configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for transmitting the DCI.

15. A base station (BS), comprising: a memory configured to store instructions; and a processor configured to perform operations by executing the instructions, wherein the operations of the processor include: transmitting system information on a first cell; receiving a random access preamble from a user equipment (UE) requesting a system information block 1 (SIB1) for a second cell based on providing the SIB1 on demand; and transmitting downlink control information (DCI) related to a random access response on the second cell based on a random access radio network temporary identifier (RA-RNTI), and wherein the system information transmitted on the first cell includes configuration information for a search space set on the second cell for transmitting the DCI. ​ ​

Images