A test bench for friction and wear of ball socket, pull rod and pin shaft in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjusting mechanism and a test method thereof

Abstract

The application provides a ball socket, pull rod and pin shaft friction and wear test bench in a thrust vector nozzle adjusting mechanism and a test method thereof, belonging to the technical field of aero-engine testing, and comprising: a first driving device, a ball socket mechanism, a force adding device, a pressure sensor, an ear seat mechanism, a second driving device, a third driving device and a sensor assembly arranged on a workbench; the ball socket mechanism comprises a ball socket support seat, a ball socket shaft, a first pull rod, a ball socket, a first ceramic heating sheet and two second ceramic heating sheets; the method can truly reproduce the combined space movement of the ball socket and the pull rod and the pull rod and the pin shaft under heavy load; the independent or cooperative temperature rising and accurate temperature control of the ball socket, the first pull rod and the second pull rod can simulate the non-uniform high-temperature working condition of the temperature gradient existing in different parts in a real nozzle.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the field of aero-engine testing technology, specifically relating to a test bench and testing method for friction and wear of ball sockets, tie rods and pins in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism. Background Technology

[0002] In the field of aero-engines, thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanisms, by adjusting the throat area and outlet configuration in real time, can achieve dynamic control over the direction and magnitude of engine exhaust vectors. This active flow field control capability not only endows aircraft with unconventional maneuverability but also significantly enhances the equipment's battlefield survivability and tactical deployment flexibility through the realization of vertical / short takeoff and landing capabilities. During operation, this mechanism is constantly exposed to the direct effects of high-temperature exhaust gases.

[0003] In the thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism, the complex operating conditions of high temperature and heavy load lead to significant wear between the ball joint, tie rod, and pin. Specifically, the high temperature environment causes degradation of the material's mechanical properties, while the aerodynamic load generated by the high-speed airflow increases the contact force between components. The combined effects of temperature and aerodynamic forces exacerbate the wear process of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in this mechanism.

[0004] Existing friction and wear test benches are mostly used to study friction and wear under low-temperature and light-load conditions. They primarily target single kinematic pairs and cannot realistically simulate the coupled service conditions of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in the thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism under high temperature, heavy load, complex spatial motion, and non-uniform temperature gradients. Furthermore, existing equipment lacks the ability to independently or collaboratively control the temperature of each friction pair, making it difficult to quantitatively study the influence of factors such as temperature, load, and motion speed on friction and wear performance.

[0005] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a dedicated test bench and its testing method that can simulate the real working environment of the nozzle, independently control the temperature of different parts, and simultaneously test the friction and wear behavior of multiple friction pairs, so as to provide reliable test basis for the design optimization and life assessment of the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism. Summary of the Invention

[0006] Based on the above-mentioned technical problems, the purpose of this invention is to provide a test bench and test method for friction and wear of ball socket, tie rod and pin in thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism. The method can realistically reproduce the combined spatial motion of ball socket and tie rod, tie rod and pin under heavy load; it can independently or jointly heat and precisely control the temperature of ball socket, first tie rod and second tie rod, and simulate the non-uniform high temperature working condition of different parts in real nozzle with temperature gradient.

[0007] The specific technical solution is as follows: A friction and wear test bench for a ball socket, tie rod, and pin shaft in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism includes: a first drive device, a ball socket mechanism, a force application device, a pressure sensor, an ear-mount mechanism, a second drive device, a third drive device, and a sensor assembly, all mounted on a worktable. The ball socket mechanism includes a ball socket support, a ball socket shaft, a first tie rod, a ball socket, a first ceramic heating element, and two second ceramic heating elements. The ball socket support has a ball socket shaft, the ball socket is connected to the ball socket shaft, the first tie rod is sleeved on the outside of the ball socket, the first ceramic heating element is disposed between the ball socket and the ball socket support, and the two second ceramic heating elements are respectively disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the first tie rod. The ear-mount mechanism includes a pin shaft support, a pin, a second tie rod, two third ceramic heating elements, and two fourth ceramic heating elements. Both ends of the support base are provided with pins. The two ends of the second pull rod are respectively sleeved on the outside of the two pins. The two third ceramic heating elements are respectively set on the top surface of the second pull rod, and the two fourth ceramic heating elements are respectively set on the bottom surface of the second pull rod. One end of the force-applying device is connected to the first pull rod, and the other end of the force-applying device is connected to the second pull rod through a pressure sensor. The output end of the first drive device is connected to the ball socket, and the output ends of the second drive device and the third drive device are respectively connected to the two pins. The sensor assembly includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and two third temperature sensors. The first temperature sensor is set in the threaded hole of the ball socket shaft, the second temperature sensor is set in the threaded hole of the first pull rod, and the two third temperature sensors are respectively set in the two threaded holes of the second pull rod.

[0008] In addition, the ball socket, tie rod, and pin friction and wear test bench in the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism provided by the present invention may also have the following additional technical features: In the above technical solution, the first driving device includes: a ball-and-socket drive motor, a first coupling, a first torque sensor, and a second coupling; the ball-and-socket drive motor is mounted on the worktable, the output end of the ball-and-socket drive motor is connected to one end of the first torque sensor through the first coupling, and the other end of the first torque sensor is connected to the ball-and-socket through the second coupling.

[0009] In the above technical solution, the second driving device includes: a first pin shaft drive motor, a third coupling, a second torque sensor and a fourth coupling; the output end of the first pin shaft drive motor is connected to one end of the second torque sensor through the third coupling, and the other end of the second torque sensor is connected to one of the pin shafts through the fourth coupling.

[0010] In the above technical solution, the third drive device includes: a second pin drive motor, a fifth coupling, a third torque sensor and a sixth coupling. The second pin drive motor is connected to one end of the third torque sensor through the fifth coupling, and the other end of the third torque sensor is connected to another pin through the sixth coupling.

[0011] A method for testing the friction coefficient of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism includes the following steps: S1: A first torque sensor is installed between the first coupling and the second coupling to measure the torque and speed of the ball joint; a second torque sensor is installed between the third coupling and the fourth coupling to measure the torque and speed of one of the pins; a third torque sensor is installed between the fifth coupling and the sixth coupling to measure the torque and speed of the other pin; a pressure sensor is installed on the force application device to measure the pressure between the ball joint and the first tie rod, and between the second tie rod and the pin. S2: Start the test bench and, after it has been working for a period of time, measure the friction coefficient μ1 between the ball socket and the first tie rod, μ1=T1 / R1F; measure the friction coefficient μ2 between the second tie rod and one of the pins, μ2=2T2 / R2F; measure the friction coefficient μ3 between the second tie rod and the other pin, μ3=2T3 / R3F; where T1 is the torque of the ball socket, T2 is the torque of one of the pins, T3 is the torque of the other pin, F is the pressure between the ball socket and the first tie rod and between the second tie rod and the pin, R1 is the radius of the ball socket, R2 is the radius of one of the pins, and R3 is the radius of the other pin. S3: By changing the materials and clearances of the ball socket, the first tie rod, the second tie rod, and the two pins, changing the pressure between the ball socket and the first tie rod and between the second tie rod and the pins, changing the temperature of the ball socket, the first tie rod, and the second tie rod, and changing the rotation speeds of the first drive device, the second drive device, and the third device, the test bench is restarted to study the changes and patterns of the friction coefficient under different parameters.

[0012] A method for testing the wear of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism includes the following steps: S1: Clean the ball socket, ball socket shaft, first tie rod, second tie rod and two pins, weigh and record the mass before the test using an analytical balance; S2: Start the test bench. After it has been working normally for a period of time, remove the ball socket, ball socket shaft, first tie rod, second tie rod and two pins. After cleaning, weigh them again. The difference between the two weighings is the wear amount.

[0013] The present invention provides a test bench and testing method for friction and wear of the ball socket, tie rod, and pin shaft in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism. Compared with the prior art, the advantages are as follows: 1. By comparing the friction coefficient and wear amount under two operating conditions before and after heating, the influence of temperature on the friction and wear performance of the ball-and-socket-link-pin friction pair in the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism can be intuitively obtained. This test bench can independently or collaboratively control each heating element to simulate different parts and different temperature gradients, more closely resembling the high-temperature non-uniform service environment of a real nozzle.

[0014] 2. An adjustable simulated pneumatic load is applied to the first and second tie rods by a force-applying device. The positive pressure is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor, and the friction torque is measured by a torque sensor. The friction coefficient under different load conditions can be accurately calculated. At the same time, by changing the load and conducting wear tests, the influence of load changes on the wear process of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin can be systematically studied.

[0015] 3. A first driving device drives the ball socket to rotate, while a second and third driving device drive the two pin shafts to rotate respectively. Simultaneously, a force-applying device pushes the first and second tie rods, achieving spherical oscillating friction between the ball socket and the first tie rod, and rotational friction between the second pulling part and the two pin shafts. This realistically replicates the complex spatial motion of the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism under heavy load. Furthermore, by combining ceramic heating elements with a temperature sensor, the ball socket, the first tie rod, and the second tie rod can be independently or synergistically heated, achieving precise temperature control. This simulates the non-uniform high-temperature conditions with temperature gradients in different parts of a real nozzle. Attached Figure Description

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the overall structure of the present invention; Figure 2 for Figure 1 A magnified view of part A; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the ball-and-socket mechanism of the present invention; Figure 4 This is a cross-sectional view of the ball-and-socket mechanism of the present invention; Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the ear seat mechanism of the present invention; in, Figures 1 to 5 The correspondence between the reference numerals and component names in the attached drawings is as follows: 10 Force-applying device, 101 Adjusting screw, 102 Connecting shaft, 103 Rotating rod, 11 Pressure sensor, 12 Ball socket support, 13 Ball socket shaft, 14 First tie rod, 15 Ball socket, 16 First ceramic heating element, 17 Second ceramic heating element, 18 Pin shaft support, 19 Pin shaft, 20 Second tie rod, 21 Third ceramic heating element, 22 Fourth ceramic heating element, 23 First temperature sensor, 24 Second temperature sensor, 25 Third temperature sensor, 26 Ball socket drive motor, 27 First coupling, 28 First torque sensor, 29 Second coupling, 30 First pin shaft drive motor, 31 Third coupling, 32 Second torque sensor, 33 Fourth coupling, 34 Second pin shaft drive motor, 35 Fifth coupling, 36 Third torque sensor, 37 Sixth coupling. Detailed Implementation

[0017] The following are specific implementation cases and appendices. Figure 1-5 The present invention will be further described, but the present invention is not limited to these embodiments.

[0018] A test bench for friction and wear of ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism, such as Figure 1-5 As shown, it includes: a first drive device, a ball-and-socket mechanism, a force-applying device 10, a pressure sensor 11, an ear-mount mechanism, a second drive device, a third drive device, and a sensor assembly, all mounted on a workbench. The ball-and-socket mechanism includes a ball-and-socket support 12, a ball-and-socket shaft 13, a first pull rod 14, a ball-and-socket 15, a first ceramic heating element 16, and two second ceramic heating elements 17. The ball-and-socket support 12 has the ball-and-socket shaft 13, the ball-and-socket 15 is connected to the ball-and-socket shaft 13, the first pull rod 14 is sleeved on the outside of the ball-and-socket 15, the first ceramic heating element 16 is disposed between the ball-and-socket 15 and the ball-and-socket support 12, and the two second ceramic heating elements 17 are respectively disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the first pull rod 14. The ear-mount mechanism includes a pin support 18, a pin 19, a second pull rod 20, two third ceramic heating elements 21, and two fourth ceramic heating elements 22. The pin support 18 has pins at both ends. 19. The two ends of the second pull rod 20 are respectively sleeved on the outside of the two pins 19. The two third ceramic heating elements 21 are all disposed on the top surface of the second pull rod 20, and the two fourth ceramic heating elements 22 are all disposed on the bottom surface of the second pull rod 20. One end of the force-applying device 10 is connected to the first pull rod 14, and the other end of the force-applying device 10 is connected to the second pull rod 20 through the pressure sensor 11. The output end of the first drive device is connected to the ball socket 15, and the output ends of the second drive device and the third drive device are respectively connected to the two pins 19. The sensor assembly includes a first temperature sensor 23, a second temperature sensor 24, and two third temperature sensors 25. The first temperature sensor 23 is disposed in the threaded hole of the ball socket 13, the second temperature sensor 24 is disposed in the threaded hole of the first pull rod 14, and the two third temperature sensors 25 are disposed in the two threaded holes of the second pull rod 20 respectively.

[0019] By rotating the adjusting screw 101 of the force-applying device 10, the two connecting shafts 102 on the force-applying device 10 rotate, thereby driving the rotating rod 103 of the force-applying device 10 to rotate inward or outward. When the rotating rod 103 rotates outward, the two ends of the force-applying device 10 extend outward, thereby pushing the first pull rod 14 and the second pull rod 20 forward. When the rotating rod 103 rotates inward, the two ends of the force-applying device 10 retract inward, thereby pulling the first pull rod 14 and the second pull rod 20 backward. By adjusting the front and rear positions of the first pull rod 14 and the second pull rod 20, the friction between the first pull rod 14 and the ball socket 15 and the friction between the second pull rod 20 and the pin 19 can be adjusted.

[0020] The ball socket 15 is heated by the first ceramic heating element 16, and the temperature of the ball socket 15 is measured by the first temperature sensor 23; the first pull rod 14 is heated by the second ceramic heating element 17, and the temperature of the first pull rod 14 is measured by the second temperature sensor 24; the second pull rod 20 is heated by the third ceramic heating element 21 and the fourth ceramic heating element 22, and the temperature of the second pull rod 20 is measured by the third temperature sensor 25.

[0021] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first driving device includes: a ball-and-socket drive motor 26, a first coupling 27, a first torque sensor 28, and a second coupling 29; the ball-and-socket drive motor 26 is mounted on the worktable, the output end of the ball-and-socket drive motor 26 is connected to one end of the first torque sensor 28 through the first coupling 27, and the other end of the first torque sensor 28 is connected to the ball socket 15 through the second coupling 29.

[0022] The ball socket drive motor 26 operates to drive the ball socket 15 to rotate, and the first torque sensor 28 is used to detect the torque and speed of the ball socket 15.

[0023] In an embodiment of the present invention, the second driving device includes: a first pin drive motor 30, a third coupling 31, a second torque sensor 32, and a fourth coupling 33; the output end of the first pin drive motor 30 is connected to one end of the second torque sensor 32 through the third coupling 31, and the other end of the second torque sensor 32 is connected to one of the pins 19 through the fourth coupling 33.

[0024] One of the pins 19 is driven to rotate by a second drive device, and the second torque sensor 32 is used to detect the torque and rotational speed of one of the pins 19.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, the third driving device includes: a second pin drive motor 34, a fifth coupling 35, a third torque sensor 36, and a sixth coupling 37. The second pin drive motor 34 is connected to one end of the third torque sensor 36 through the fifth coupling 35, and the other end of the third torque sensor 36 is connected to another pin 19 through the sixth coupling 37.

[0026] The third drive unit drives another pin 19 to rotate, and the third torque sensor 36 is used to detect the torque and speed of the other pin 19.

[0027] A method for testing the friction coefficient of the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism includes the following steps: S1: The first torque sensor 28 is installed between the first coupling 27 and the second coupling 29 to measure the torque and rotational speed of the ball joint 15; the second torque sensor 32 is installed between the third coupling 31 and the fourth coupling 33 to measure the torque and rotational speed of one of the pins 19; the third torque sensor 36 is installed between the fifth coupling 35 and the sixth coupling 37 to measure the torque and rotational speed of the other pin 19; the pressure sensor 11 is installed on the force application device 10 to measure the pressure between the ball joint 15 and the first tie rod 14 and between the second tie rod 20 and the pin 19. S2: Start the test bench and, after it has been working for a period of time, measure the friction coefficient μ1 between the ball socket 15 and the first tie rod 14, μ1=T1 / R1F; measure the friction coefficient μ2 between the second tie rod 20 and one of the pins 19, μ2=2T2 / R2F; measure the friction coefficient μ3 between the second tie rod 20 and the other pin 19, μ3=2T3 / R3F; where T1 is the torque of the ball socket 15, T2 is the torque of one of the pins 19, T3 is the torque of the other pin 19, F is the pressure between the ball socket 15 and the first tie rod 14 and between the second tie rod 20 and the pin 19, R1 is the radius of the ball socket 15, R2 is the radius of one of the pins 19, and R3 is the radius of the other pin 19; S3: By changing the materials and clearances of the ball socket 15, the first tie rod 14, the second tie rod 20, and the two pins 19, the pressure between the ball socket 15 and the first tie rod 14 and between the second tie rod 20 and the pins 19 is changed. The temperature of the ball socket 15, the first tie rod 14, and the second tie rod 20 is also changed. After changing the rotational speeds of the first drive device, the second drive device, and the third device, the test bench is restarted to study the changes and patterns of the friction coefficient under different parameters.

[0028] By replacing the ball socket 15, the first tie rod 14, the second tie rod 20, and the pin 19 with different materials, the present invention can obtain the friction and wear conditions of the ball socket, tie rod, and pin with different materials.

[0029] A method for testing the wear of the ball socket 15, tie rod, and pin 19 in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism includes the following steps: S1: Clean the ball socket 15, ball socket shaft 13, first tie rod 14, second tie rod 20 and two pins 19, and weigh and record the mass before the test using an analytical balance; S2: Start the test bench. After it has been working normally for a period of time, remove the ball socket 15, ball socket shaft 13, first tie rod 14, second tie rod 20 and two pins 19. After cleaning, weigh them again. The difference between the two weighings is the wear amount.

[0030] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the invention. Various modifications and variations can be made to the present invention by those skilled in the art. Any modifications, equivalent substitutions, improvements, etc., made within the spirit and principles of the present invention should be included within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A test bench for friction and wear of ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism, characterized in that, include: The first drive unit, ball socket mechanism, force application device, pressure sensor, ear seat mechanism, second drive unit, third drive unit and sensor assembly are set on the worktable; The ball-and-socket mechanism includes a ball-and-socket support, a ball-and-socket shaft, a first tie rod, a ball-and-socket, a first ceramic heating element, and two second ceramic heating elements. The ball-and-socket support is provided with a ball-and-socket shaft, the ball-and-socket is connected to the ball-and-socket shaft, the first tie rod is sleeved on the outside of the ball-and-socket, the first ceramic heating element is disposed between the ball-and-socket and the ball-and-socket support, and the two second ceramic heating elements are respectively disposed on the top and bottom surfaces of the first tie rod. The ear seat mechanism includes a pin support seat, a pin, a second pull rod, two third ceramic heating plates, and two fourth ceramic heating plates; both ends of the pin support seat are provided with pins, the two ends of the second pull rod are respectively sleeved on the outside of the two pins, the two third ceramic heating plates are all provided on the top surface of the second pull rod, and the two fourth ceramic heating plates are all provided on the bottom surface of the second pull rod. One end of the force-applying device is connected to the first pull rod, and the other end of the force-applying device is connected to the second pull rod through a pressure sensor; The output end of the first driving device is connected to the ball socket, and the output ends of the second and third driving devices are respectively connected to the two pins. The sensor assembly includes a first temperature sensor, a second temperature sensor, and two third temperature sensors. The first temperature sensor is disposed in the threaded hole of the ball joint shaft, the second temperature sensor is disposed in the threaded hole of the first tie rod, and the two third temperature sensors are disposed in the two threaded holes of the second tie rod, respectively.

2. The ball socket, tie rod, and pin friction and wear test bench in the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first driving device includes: a ball-and-socket drive motor, a first coupling, a first torque sensor, and a second coupling; the ball-and-socket drive motor is mounted on the worktable, the output end of the ball-and-socket drive motor is connected to one end of the first torque sensor through the first coupling, and the other end of the first torque sensor is connected to the ball-and-socket through the second coupling.

3. The ball joint, tie rod, and pin friction and wear test bench in the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second drive device includes: a first pin drive motor, a third coupling, a second torque sensor, and a fourth coupling; the output end of the first pin drive motor is connected to one end of the second torque sensor through the third coupling, and the other end of the second torque sensor is connected to one of the pins through the fourth coupling.

4. The ball socket, tie rod, and pin friction and wear test bench in the thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism according to claim 3, characterized in that, The third driving device includes: a second pin drive motor, a fifth coupling, a third torque sensor and a sixth coupling. The second pin drive motor is connected to one end of the third torque sensor through the fifth coupling, and the other end of the third torque sensor is connected to another pin through the sixth coupling.

5. A method for testing the friction coefficient of a ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism, based on the friction and wear test bench for the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vector nozzle adjustment mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: A first torque sensor is installed between the first coupling and the second coupling to measure the torque and speed of the ball joint; a second torque sensor is installed between the third coupling and the fourth coupling to measure the torque and speed of one of the pins; a third torque sensor is installed between the fifth coupling and the sixth coupling to measure the torque and speed of the other pin; a pressure sensor is installed on the force application device to measure the pressure between the ball joint and the first tie rod, and between the second tie rod and the pin. S2: Start the test bench and, after it has been working for a period of time, measure the friction coefficient μ1 between the ball socket and the first tie rod, μ1=T1 / R1F; measure the friction coefficient μ2 between the second tie rod and one of the pins, μ2=2T2 / R2F; measure the friction coefficient μ3 between the second tie rod and the other pin, μ3=2T3 / R3F; where T1 is the torque of the ball socket, T2 is the torque of one of the pins, T3 is the torque of the other pin, F is the pressure between the ball socket and the first tie rod and between the second tie rod and the pin, R1 is the radius of the ball socket, R2 is the radius of one of the pins, and R3 is the radius of the other pin. S3: By changing the materials and clearances of the ball socket, the first tie rod, the second tie rod, and the two pins, changing the pressure between the ball socket and the first tie rod and between the second tie rod and the pins, changing the temperature of the ball socket, the first tie rod, and the second tie rod, and changing the rotation speeds of the first drive device, the second drive device, and the third device, the test bench is restarted to study the changes and patterns of the friction coefficient under different parameters.

6. A method for testing the wear of a ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism, based on the friction and wear test bench for the ball joint, tie rod, and pin in a thrust vectoring nozzle adjustment mechanism as described in claim 4, characterized in that... Includes the following steps: S1: Clean the ball socket, ball socket shaft, first tie rod, second tie rod and two pins, weigh and record the mass before the test using an analytical balance; S2: Start the test bench. After it has been working normally for a period of time, remove the ball socket, ball socket shaft, first tie rod, second tie rod and two pins. After cleaning, weigh them again. The difference between the two weighings is the wear amount.

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