Miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system

Abstract

The utility model discloses a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, which comprises a transmitting device and an electric control module, the transmitting device comprises a gun barrel and a support, the gun barrel and the support are rotatably connected, and an enameled wire is wound outside the gun barrel to form a coil; the electric control module comprises an energy storage circuit, an emission control circuit, a distance measuring module and an operation control unit, the energy storage circuit provides energy for electromagnetic emission, and the emission control circuit adopts an optocoupler relay to control a 12V direct-current power supply, generates trigger current of a solid-state relay and controls discharging of a capacitor to a coil; the distance measuring module is used for providing target distance information, and the operation control unit is used for switching a transmitting mode. The utility model provides a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, which realizes the design and construction of the miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, optimizes a mechanical structure and an electrical structure, and realizes efficient and accurate capacitor discharge control by utilizing a scheme of combining an optical coupling relay and a solid-state relay.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The utility model relates to electromagnetic emission technical field especially relates to a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system. BACKGROUND

[0002] As a kind of device using electromagnetic force to accelerate projectile, electromagnetic gun is widely concerned in military, scientific research and teaching experiment field due to its non-explosive driving, strong controllability and other advantages, in military field, electromagnetic gun can be used for high-precision strike and long-distance target delivery;In civil field, it also shows broad application potential in high-speed launching device and experimental device.

[0003] And the portable electromagnetic gun system designed for teaching and experimental scene, although lightweight is realized by simplifying acceleration series or reducing projectile size, but there are problems such as poor timing coordination of multi-stage acceleration, lack of energy recovery mechanism, therefore, how to realize collaborative optimization between high-precision range control, energy efficient utilization and system lightweight, while meeting the needs of operation convenience, functional expandability of teaching scene, is the problem to be solved for existing miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun. UTILITY MODEL CONTENT

[0004] The utility model aims at providing a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, realize the design and construction of small electromagnetic gun system, optimize mechanical structure and electrical structure, realize efficient and accurate capacitor discharge control by the combination scheme of photocoupler relay and solid-state relay.

[0005] The utility model discloses a kind of miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun systems, and the technical scheme adopted is:

[0006] A kind of miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, including launching device and electric control module, the launching device includes cannon barrel and support, the cannon barrel and support rotatable connection, the cannon barrel outside is wound with enameled wire to form coil;The electric control module includes energy storage circuit, launch control circuit, ranging module and operation control unit, the energy storage circuit provides energy for electromagnetic emission, the launch control circuit uses photocoupler relay to control 12V direct current power supply, generates the trigger current of solid-state relay, controls the discharge of capacitor to coil, the ranging module is used to provide target distance information, the operation control unit is used to switch launch mode.

[0007] As preferred scheme, the cannon barrel one end is equipped with two baffle, the baffle forms the slot position that enameled wire is wound, and the cannon barrel is made of plastic material, the cannon barrel outside is uniformly wound enameled wire, total turns is 260 turns.

[0008] As a preferred scheme, the support is made of plastic, rubber pads and limiting devices are arranged below the support, and the support is rotationally connected with the cannon barrel by a steering engine or a rotary encoder.

[0009] As a preferred scheme, the energy storage circuit capacitor parameter is: an electrolytic capacitor with a withstand voltage of 64V or above and a capacity of 2200uF is selected to store energy, and the charging voltage is 50V, and the specific formula is:

[0010]

[0011] The charging module is also included, the charging module is a DC boost module, the input voltage is increased to 50V to meet the capacitor charging demand, and the energy storage circuit is also provided with a diode to prevent reverse current.

[0012] As a preferred scheme, the launch control circuit uses a light coupling relay to control a 12V DC power supply to generate a trigger current of a solid-state relay, control the discharge of the capacitor to the coil, ensure the rapid and stable trigger signal, and the launch control circuit is provided with a trigger switch.

[0013] As a preferred scheme, the distance measuring module uses an ultrasonic module, the ultrasonic module is coaxially installed with the cannon barrel to ensure that the distance measuring direction is consistent with the launch direction and the data output, and the measured data of the ultrasonic module is processed by a single-chip microcomputer and used for range adjustment.

[0014] As a preferred scheme, the operation control unit includes a manual mode and an automatic mode, in the manual mode, the user can select a target launch angle and start launching, and in the automatic mode, the distance measuring data and the range adjustment state are displayed in real time according to the distance measuring module.

[0015] The utility model discloses a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system has the beneficial effects that: the distance measuring module and the launch control circuit cooperate, the light coupling relay is accurately controlled to the discharge time sequence and the current intensity of capacitor, and the energy release parameter is dynamically adjusted in combination with target distance information, the range control precision is effectively improved, and the invalid energy loss is reduced, the lightweight structure design of the cannon barrel support and the enameled wire coil that can rotationally connect reduces the system volume and weight significantly while guaranteeing electromagnetic acceleration efficiency, the operation control unit supports multi-mode launch mode one-key switching, and the function demonstration and extension experiment in the teaching scene are convenient, and the operation convenience and modular expansion demand are satisfied. ACCURACY

[0016] Figure 1 It is a circuit structure schematic view of a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system of the utility model.

[0017] Figure 2 It is a cannon barrel structure schematic view of a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system of the utility model.

[0018] Figure 3 The utility model relates to a shooting table interpolation figure of a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0019] The utility model will be further described and explained in connection with specific embodiments and the accompanying drawings of the specification:

[0020] Please refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 A miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, comprising a launching device and an electric control module, the launching device comprising a barrel 10 and a support, the barrel 10 and the support being rotatably connected, and the barrel 10 being externally wound with enameled wire to form a coil.

[0021] The barrel 10 has two baffle plates 11 at one end, the baffle plates 11 forming a slot position wound with enameled wire, and the barrel 10 is made of plastic material, the barrel 10 being uniformly wound with enameled wire (wire diameter about 0.8 mm) on the outside, and the total number of turns being 260 turns.

[0022] Specifically, the barrel 10 has a length of 30 cm, and the inner diameter is matched with the size of the metal projectile, ensuring stable acceleration of the projectile during launching.

[0023] The barrel 10 is uniformly wound with enameled wire (wire diameter about 0.8 mm) on the outside, and the total number of turns is 260 turns, ensuring the generation of a stable magnetic field. The formula for magnetic induction intensity is:

[0024]

[0025] The support is made of plastic, and a rubber gasket and a limiting device are provided below the support, the rubber gasket being used to absorb vibration and enhance stability during launching, and the limiting device being used to avoid excessive angle adjustment or shaking affecting launching.

[0026] The support and the barrel 10 are rotatably connected by a rudder or a rotary encoder.

[0027] The angle adjustment between the barrel 10 and the support can thus be divided into manual adjustment and automatic adjustment.

[0028] Manual adjustment: the barrel 10 is adjusted in pitch angle by rotating the rotary encoder, and the rotary encoder provides accurate angle information to the control system through output pulse signals. The working principle is as follows:

[0029]

[0030] Wherein: is the current launching angle, is the number of steps of the rotary encoder, is the total number of steps of the rotary encoder, is the maximum angle range.

[0031] Automatic adjustment: in the automatic mode, according to the target distance, combined with the experimental table, the best launch angle is calculated by the single-chip microcomputer, and the angle adjustment is completed by the rudder.

[0032]

[0033] Wherein: is the target distance, is the initial speed of the projectile, .

[0034] The electronic control module includes an energy storage circuit, a launch control circuit, a distance measurement module, and an operation control unit. The energy storage circuit provides energy for electromagnetic launch. The launch control circuit uses an optocoupler relay to control a 12V DC power supply, generates a trigger current for a solid-state relay, controls the discharge of the capacitor to the coil, and the distance measurement module provides target distance information. The operation control unit is used to switch the launch mode.

[0035] The energy storage circuit capacitor parameters: 2200μF electrolytic capacitor with a withstand voltage of 64V or more is used to store energy, and the charging voltage is 50V. The specific formula is:

[0036]

[0037] It also includes a charging module. The charging module uses a DC boost module to increase the input voltage to 50V to meet the capacitor charging requirements. The energy storage circuit also adds a diode to prevent reverse current and uses a fuse to prevent overcurrent damage to the circuit.

[0038] The launch control circuit uses an optocoupler relay to control a 12V DC power supply, generates a trigger current for a solid-state relay, controls the discharge of the capacitor to the coil, and ensures that the trigger signal is fast and stable. The magnetic field generated by the coil current has a magnetic induction intensity formula:

[0039]

[0040] The launch control circuit is provided with a trigger switch corresponding to the trigger switch, which is a launch button.

[0041] The distance measurement module uses an ultrasonic module to provide target distance information. The ultrasonic module is coaxially installed with the barrel 10 to ensure that the distance measurement direction is consistent with the launch direction. The data output is processed by the single-chip microcomputer, and is used for range adjustment.

[0042] Distance measurement principle: transmit ultrasonic pulses and receive echoes, and calculate the distance by the following formula:

[0043] .

[0044] The operation control unit includes a manual mode and an automatic mode. In the manual mode, the user can select a target firing angle and start firing. In the automatic mode, the ranging data and the range adjustment state are displayed in real time according to the ranging module.

[0045] In the automatic mode, the system dynamically adjusts the firing parameters according to the ranging data to match the target position.

[0046] Angle adjustment: The servo is used to control the elevation angle of the barrel 10, and the optimal firing angle is calculated according to the following formula combined with the experimental firing table:

[0047] .

[0048] Through the above design, the system realizes seamless switching between manual and automatic modes in mechanical and electrical structures, ensuring the comprehensiveness and efficiency of the functions.

[0049] Based on the above scheme, the corresponding charging circuit scheme is demonstrated

[0050] (1) 10000 μF capacitor 24V and 41V experiment

[0051] Experimental phenomenon: Under the 24V charging voltage, the projectile range is short, and the energy is not enough to push the projectile to the target. Under the 41V charging voltage, although the projectile range increases, it still cannot realize range adjustment, and the adjustment effect is poor.

[0052] Theoretical analysis: According to the capacitor energy storage formula: We can get:

[0053] , .

[0054] When the capacitor value is large (10000 μF), the charging time is long, and the discharge current decay is slow. A larger capacitor value increases the energy release time, which cannot form a high-intensity instantaneous magnetic field, resulting in insufficient projectile acceleration effect. Even if the charging voltage is increased (such as 41V), although the energy storage increases, due to the large capacitor, the discharge speed is still limited, and accurate range adjustment cannot be achieved.

[0055] (2) 5000 μF capacitor 60V experiment

[0056] Experimental phenomenon: Under the 60V charging voltage, the projectile range is too far, exceeding the required range. High energy leads to excessive projectile speed, poor accuracy and control.

[0057] Theoretical analysis: When using a 5000 μF capacitor, the energy storage is calculated as: It has higher energy and can form a strong magnetic field instantaneously during discharge, significantly improving the acceleration effect of the projectile. However, due to excessive energy, the initial speed of the projectile is too high, resulting in a range that exceeds the requirements of the problem. At the same time, the projectile is less affected by air resistance after leaving the magnetic field, making it difficult to adjust within a short distance. In addition, high-energy discharge may damage the coil and circuit, increasing the instability of the system.

[0058] (3) 2200 μF capacitor 50.7V experiment

[0059] Experimental phenomena: Under a charging voltage of 50.7V, the projectile has a moderate and adjustable range, meeting the requirements of the problem.

[0060] Theoretical analysis: When using a 2200 μF capacitor, the energy storage calculation is:

[0061] .

[0062] This energy level can form a moderate magnetic field strength, both pushing the projectile to the target and allowing precise control of the range by adjusting the charging voltage. This scheme achieves a good balance between energy and range adjustment range.

[0063] Launch control circuit scheme demonstration

[0064] (1) Experiment of bidirectional thyristor scheme

[0065] Experimental phenomena: The single-chip microcomputer trigger signal can make the bidirectional thyristor conduct, but it cannot effectively control the shutdown, resulting in continuous discharge of the capacitor and difficulty in accurately disappearing the magnetic field. The accuracy of projectile launch is low, and there are instability phenomena.

[0066] Theoretical analysis: The characteristics of bidirectional thyristors determine that they can only control conduction, while shutdown requires the circuit current to decrease below the maintenance current. During capacitor discharge, the current persists, making it difficult for the bidirectional thyristor to turn off in time, resulting in the magnetic field acting on the projectile for too long. The projectile may be subjected to reverse forces at the exit of the magnetic field, thereby reducing the launch speed. In addition, the continuous current flow can cause overheating risk to circuit components, reducing the safety of the system.

[0067] (2) Experiment of relay scheme

[0068] Experimental phenomena: Mechanical relays have contact jitter during conduction and disconnection, resulting in unstable projectile launch. The response speed of the relay is slow, which cannot meet the demand of fast control.

[0069] Theoretical Analysis: The relay achieves circuit conduction and disconnection through mechanical contacts, but the mechanical structure of the contacts determines that there is a certain physical jitter phenomenon. Jitter may cause instability in the capacitor discharge process, affecting the strength and duration of the magnetic field, thereby reducing the acceleration effect of the projectile. In addition, the contact life of mechanical relays is limited, and frequent use may cause contact wear, increasing the maintenance cost and uncertainty of the system.

[0070] (3) Optocoupler relay combined with solid-state relay solution

[0071] Experimental Phenomenon: Optocoupler relay combined with solid-state relay can quickly respond to the control signal of the single-chip microcomputer, achieving precise conduction and shutdown. The projectile launching process is stable, and the range and direction can be accurately controlled.

[0072] Theoretical Analysis: Optocoupler relay uses photoelectric coupling technology to realize signal isolation and transmission, avoiding the jitter problem of mechanical contacts. The voltage withstand capability of solid-state relays is higher than that of mechanical relays, improving the safety of the system while maintaining high precision and stability, suitable for frequent operation application scenarios.

[0073] Through the above analysis and experimental phenomena, we finally choose the 2200 μF capacitor with a voltage of 50.7V and the optocoupler relay combined with solid-state relay solution, which has obvious advantages in performance, safety and stability, and can better meet the system design requirements.

[0074] Design and Parameter Calculation of Energy Storage Circuit

[0075] The energy storage circuit is the core part of the electromagnetic gun system, providing energy support for the launching process.

[0076] (1) Capacitor selection: Choose 2200 μF, 64V or higher voltage electrolytic capacitor.

[0077] Energy storage calculation: Substitute the capacitor value and charging voltage into the calculation formula:

[0078]

[0079] The calculation result shows that the 2200 μF capacitor can provide moderate energy storage, which meets the range requirement and avoids excessive energy damage to the system.

[0080] (2) Charging module design: Use a DC boost module to raise the input voltage to 50.7V.

[0081] Charging current: Assuming the charging time is 5 seconds, the charging current can be estimated as:

[0082]

[0083] Module protection: add diode to prevent reverse current, while using fuse to avoid overcurrent.

[0084] Transmit control circuit design and parameter calculation

[0085] The transmit control circuit uses optocoupler relay combined with solid-state relay to ensure trigger accuracy and system safety.

[0086] (1) Control principle: single-chip microcomputer controls the on-off of optocoupler relay. Optocoupler relay controls the on-off between 12V power supply and solid-state relay. When the transmit key is pressed, the single-chip microcomputer program outputs control signal to trigger the optocoupler relay to connect, making 12V power supply connect solid-state relay to provide trigger signal for solid-state relay. After solid-state relay is connected, the capacitor discharges to the coil instantly, forming strong magnetic field to accelerate projectile launch.

[0087] (2) Working current calculation: assuming the resistance of the coil is , the maximum discharge current is:

[0088] This current can form enough magnetic field to accelerate the projectile.

[0089] (3) Coil parameter design: the coil uses enameled wire with wire diameter of 0.8mm, number of turns of 260 turns, and length of 6cm. Magnetic induction intensity calculation: according to the formula, the calculation is:

[0090]

[0091] Automatic control circuit design

[0092] The automatic control circuit is based on STM32 single-chip microcomputer, which outputs signals through mechanical keyboard and ranging module to realize automatic adjustment.

[0093] (1) Launch angle calculation

[0094] According to the target distance, calculate the optimal launch angle . Assuming , , , then:

[0095] .

[0096] (2) System linkage

[0097] The single-chip microcomputer calculates the launch angle according to the ranging data combined with firing table, and adjusts the gun barrel through PWM signal control. Optocoupler relay triggers capacitor discharge to complete automatic launch.

[0098] Through the above design and parameter calculation, the system realizes efficient and accurate launch control and distance measurement, providing reliable technical support for accurate target attack.

[0099] Based on the final scheme obtained above, the trajectory of the projectile is calculated

[0100] After the projectile is launched, its movement in the air is mainly affected by gravity and air resistance, and its movement path can be approximated as a parabola.

[0101] (1) Horizontal range calculation

[0102] Assuming that the air resistance is small, the projectile motion conforms to the ideal projectile motion model. The calculation formula for the horizontal range is:

[0103]

[0104] (2) Flight time calculation

[0105] The calculation formula for the flight time of the projectile is: Table making

[0106]

[0107] (1) Experimental target

[0108] The purpose of this experiment is to hit the ground target, and the target is placed horizontally on the ground. According to the distance from the center of the landing point, the hit area is divided into: A area: the center radius is 5 cm; B area: the center radius is 15 cm; C area: the center radius is 30 cm. The first landing point of the projectile should hit the A area as much as possible, and the landing point deviation at different distances is recorded.

[0109] (2) Table calculation and recording

[0110] According to the experimental measurement of the initial speed of the projectile and the theoretical formula, the corresponding launch angle at different target distances is calculated. After adjusting the angle, record the corresponding range and hit area in multiple experiments to ensure the accuracy of the table.

[0111] (3) Table data

[0112]

[0113] Table analysis

[0114] (1) Data accuracy verification

[0115] Please refer to the above table and Figure 3 ​​Through multiple experiments, the shooting table data is highly consistent with the actual range, and the deviation is within ±5%. The deviation may be caused by air resistance, small differences in projectile mass, and errors in adjusting the firing angle.

[0116] (2) Support of the shooting table for the system

[0117] The automatic control circuit uses the shooting table to make real-time angle adjustments, significantly improving the hit rate of the system. The shooting table provides the corresponding relationship between the target distance and the firing angle, enabling the barrel to quickly and accurately adjust to the optimal position.

[0118] Through multiple experiments, the corresponding relationship between different target distances and firing angles is obtained, and a high-precision shooting table is made. The system can stably hit the target, with a hit rate of more than 80% in the A area. The key influence of the energy storage circuit parameters on the range adjustment is verified, and the final selection of 2200 μF capacitor and 50.7 V charging scheme realizes the best balance

[0119] The utility model provides a miniaturized curved electromagnetic gun system, distance measurement module and launch control circuit cooperate and match, through photoelectric coupler relay accurate control capacitor discharge timing and current intensity, combine target distance information dynamic regulation energy release parameter, effectively promote range control precision and reduce invalid energy loss, rotatable connection's barrel support and enamel wire coil's lightweight structure design, guarantee electromagnetic acceleration efficiency's while significant reduction system volume and weight, operating control unit supports multi -mode launch mode one key switch, be convenient for function demonstration and extension experiment under the teaching scene, satisfy operation convenience and modularization extension demand.

[0120] Finally, it should be noted that the above examples are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of the utility model, and are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the utility model. Although the utility model has been described in detail with reference to the preferred embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that the technical solutions of the utility model can be modified or replaced equivalently without departing from the essence and scope of the technical solutions of the utility model.

Claims

1. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system, characterized in that, The system includes a launching device and an electronic control module. The launching device includes a barrel and a support, which are rotatably connected. Enamelled wire is wound around the outside of the barrel to form a coil. The electronic control module includes an energy storage circuit, a launch control circuit, a ranging module, and an operation control unit. The energy storage circuit provides energy for electromagnetic launch. The launch control circuit uses an optocoupler relay to control a 12V DC power supply, generating a trigger current for a solid-state relay to control the discharge of the coil by a capacitor. The ranging module provides target distance information, and the operation control unit switches the launch mode.

2. The miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, Two baffles are provided at one end of the barrel, forming grooves for the enameled wire. The barrel is made of plastic and the enameled wire is evenly wound around its exterior, with a total of 260 turns.

3. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The bracket is made of plastic, and a rubber pad and a limiting device are provided below the bracket. The bracket and the gun barrel are rotatably connected by a servo motor or a rotary encoder.

4. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The energy storage circuit capacitor parameters are as follows: A 2200μF electrolytic capacitor with a withstand voltage of 64V or higher is selected for energy storage; the charging voltage is 50V. The specific formula is as follows: It also includes a charging module, which uses a DC boost module to increase the input voltage to 50V to meet the capacitor charging requirements. In addition, the energy storage circuit also adds a diode to prevent reverse current.

5. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The transmission control circuit uses an optocoupler relay to control a 12V DC power supply, generating a trigger current for the solid-state relay, controlling the capacitor to discharge the coil, ensuring a fast and stable trigger signal, and the transmission control circuit is equipped with a corresponding trigger switch.

6. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The ranging module uses an ultrasonic module, which is coaxially mounted with the gun barrel to ensure that the ranging direction is consistent with the firing direction. The data output is processed by a microcontroller and used for range adjustment.

7. A miniaturized curved-fire electromagnetic railgun system as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The operation control unit includes a manual mode and an automatic mode. In manual mode, the user can select the target launch angle and start the launch. In automatic mode, the ranging module displays the ranging data and range adjustment status in real time.

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