Full-automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment

Abstract

The utility model discloses full-automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment which comprises a rack, a conveying device is arranged on the outer side of the rack, a pressure grinding and polishing head and a grinding and cleaning device are arranged in the rack, a control box is further arranged on the rack, and an action control module, a data processing module and a power module are integrated in the control box. A recognition module is arranged on the conveying device and used for detecting sample parameters, and the pressure grinding and polishing head achieves accurate pressure application through a pressure shaft and a pressure sensor and is matched with the discharging device and the positioning device to complete sample loading and unloading. The equipment adopts an integrated design, the steps of feeding, positioning, grinding, cleaning, discharging and the like are integrated on the same platform to be continuously completed, through cooperation of lifting, rotating and conveying structures which are reasonably arranged, full-automatic processing of samples can be stably completed, the sample transfer frequency is effectively reduced, error accumulation is avoided, and the preparation precision is improved; and meanwhile, the batch processing efficiency is improved, and the long-term and efficient preparation requirements of various material samples are met.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the technical field of grinding and polishing equipment, specifically a fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment. Background Technology

[0002] In sample preparation, grinding and polishing are crucial steps to ensure the smoothness and gloss of material surfaces, and are widely used in the pretreatment of metallic materials, non-metallic materials, and various mounted samples. In existing technologies, grinding and polishing equipment often employs a split-type design, requiring manual intervention for sample loading, grinding, cleaning, and unloading. This is not only cumbersome but also results in poor coordination between processes, leading to low production efficiency and prolonged grinding cycles. Furthermore, in traditional processing methods, manual operation often requires the sequential use of multiple devices to complete each processing step, with samples being transferred between different devices multiple times, easily causing positional deviations or surface contamination, affecting the final grinding quality. These problems are particularly pronounced in batch preparation or multi-material sample processing scenarios. Therefore, a fully automated pressure grinding and polishing equipment with a compact structure, integrated functions, and seamless operation is needed. This integrated design optimizes the connection between each process to improve sample preparation efficiency, reduce human intervention, and ensure stable and reliable sample quality. Utility Model Content

[0003] The purpose of this invention is to provide a fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing device to solve the problems mentioned in the background art.

[0004] To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment, comprising a frame, a conveying device on the outside of the frame, a pressure grinding and polishing head inside the frame, and a grinding and cleaning device inside the frame; the frame includes a control box, which contains an action control module, a data processing module, and a power module; the conveying device is equipped with an identification module, and the pressure grinding and polishing head includes a pressure shaft and a pressure sensor; an equipment compartment is mounted on the top of the control box, and the pressure grinding and polishing head is mounted in the middle of the equipment compartment; a material unloading device capable of vertically lifting and lowering the sample tray is provided near the end of the conveying device for unloading. The outer side of the unloading device is equipped with a positioning device for assisting in unloading the sample tray; the pressure grinding head includes a column motor, which is mounted on the top of the control box, and a base plate is mounted on the top of the column motor. The pressure shaft is mounted on the outer side of the base plate and is capable of being raised and lowered. The bottom end of the pressure shaft is detachably equipped with a sample tray. The pressure sensor is mounted between the pressure shaft and the gripping device of the sample tray; the column motor can drive the base plate to rotate around the axis of the column motor, and the center of the working parts of the loading end of the two sets of conveying devices, the unloading device, and the grinding and cleaning device coincides with the axis trajectory of the pressure shaft.

[0005] Preferably, the equipment compartment has a cabinet door on its outer side.

[0006] Preferably, the identification module is internally equipped with a detection device, and the detection device is internally equipped with at least three identical identification sensors.

[0007] Preferably, the top of the control box is equipped with a panel, and the pressure grinding head, feeding device, positioning device, end and receiving end of the conveying device, and grinding and cleaning device are all assembled on the top of the panel.

[0008] Preferably, the upper surface of the panel is equipped with an abrasive feeder located outside the grinding and cleaning device.

[0009] Preferably, the top of the base plate is equipped with an electric cylinder mounting base, the top of the electric cylinder mounting base is equipped with an electric cylinder, the displacement end of the electric cylinder is rotatably connected to the pressure shaft, the outside of the pressure shaft is slidably equipped with a transition shaft, the bottom end of the transition shaft is equipped with a pressure shaft pulley, the outside of the pressure shaft pulley is equipped with a pressure head motor via a pressure head belt, and the pressure head motor is fixedly assembled with the base plate.

[0010] Preferably, the top of the panel is fitted with a column sleeve, the column motor is fitted at the bottom of the panel, the column motor extends upward through the panel and the column sleeve and is fitted at the bottom end of the base plate, and the base plate is rotatably installed between the column sleeve and the base plate.

[0011] Preferably, the feeding device includes a cylinder fixing plate and a guide bushing. The guide bushing and the cylinder fixing plate are fixedly assembled with the panel. A lifting cylinder is assembled at the bottom end of the cylinder fixing plate, and a sample tray is assembled at the top end of the lifting cylinder. A guide shaft is assembled on the outer side of the sample tray, and the guide shaft is slidably assembled inside the guide bushing. The positioning device includes a pressure plate bracket, which is assembled on the upper surface of the panel. A rotary cylinder is assembled in the middle of the pressure plate bracket, and a flipping rod is assembled at the rotating end of the rotary cylinder. A pressure plate is hinged to the top of the flipping rod.

[0012] Preferably, the conveying device includes a support frame, a conveying motor fixing plate is mounted at the bottom of the support frame, a conveying motor is mounted inside the conveying motor fixing plate, a conveying motor pulley is mounted at the output end of the conveying motor, a conveying intermediate wheel is mounted on the outside of the conveying motor pulley via a conveying motor belt, conveying support wheels are mounted on both sides of the top of the support frame, a conveying belt is sleeved on the outside of the conveying support wheel, and the conveying intermediate wheel is connected to the conveying belt and drives the conveying belt to rotate.

[0013] Preferably, the grinding and cleaning device includes a platform plate, a waterproof groove is mounted on one side of the top of the platform plate, a grinding and polishing spindle is rotatably mounted at the center of the inner side of the waterproof groove, a grinding and polishing disc is mounted on the top of the grinding and polishing spindle, and the bottom end of the grinding and polishing spindle is connected to the grinding and polishing spindle motor via a grinding and polishing motor belt; a cleaning water tank is mounted on the other side of the platform plate, a water spray nozzle is provided at the bottom of the cleaning water tank, and a vent is provided on the side wall of the cleaning water tank.

[0014] Compared with existing technologies, the beneficial effects of this utility model are as follows: The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment provided by this utility model, through integrated design, concentrates sample transportation, positioning, grinding, cleaning, and unloading processes on the same platform for continuous completion, avoiding the problem of using multiple devices for step-by-step operation in traditional technologies, and significantly improving the overall working efficiency of the equipment. The equipment has a compact and reasonable structure, with optimized layout of each functional module. Through coordinated lifting, rotation, and transportation actions, it achieves automatic and precise sample positioning, stable pressure grinding, synchronous cleaning and drying, and other continuous operations without manual intervention. Compared with traditional equipment, this utility model can effectively reduce the number of sample transfers between different workstations or devices, reduce error accumulation and contamination risks, while shortening the preparation cycle, improving batch processing capacity, and ensuring the preparation accuracy and consistency of samples of different materials, making it suitable for long-term, high-efficiency automated sample preparation needs. Attached Figure Description

[0015] Figure 1 This is a three-dimensional view of the overall equipment of this utility model. Figure 1 ;

[0016] Figure 2 This is a three-dimensional view of the overall equipment of this utility model. Figure 2 ;

[0017] Figure 3 This is a three-dimensional view of the overall equipment of this utility model. Figure 3 ;

[0018] Figure 4 This is the front view of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 This is a front view of the pressure grinding and polishing head of this utility model;

[0020] Figure 6 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of the feeding device of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 7 This is a front view of the positioning device of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 8 This is a right view of the conveying device of this utility model;

[0023] Figure 9 This is a top view of the power mechanism of the conveying device of this utility model;

[0024] Figure 10 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram (Figure C) of the grinding and cleaning device of this utility model;

[0025] Figure 11 This is a right view of the identification module 14 of this utility model;

[0026] Figure 12 for Figure 5 Enlarged view of a portion of the grabber head;

[0027] Figure 13 for Figure 4 A magnified view of a portion of the grabber head.

[0028] In the diagram: 1. Frame, 11. Control box, 12. Equipment compartment, 13. Cabinet door, 14. Identification module, 15. Panel, 16. Abrasive feeder, 17. Detection device, 18. Identification sensor, 2. Pressure grinding head, 21. Base plate, 22. Electric cylinder mounting base, 23. Electric cylinder, 24. Adapter shaft, 25. Pressure shaft seat, 26. Pressure shaft, 27. Pressure sensor, 28. Limiting ball, 29. Sample tray, 210. Pressure shaft pulley, 211. Pressure head motor, 212. Pressure head motor pulley, 213. Pressure head belt, 214. Column sleeve, 215. Column shaft, 216. Column coupling, 217. Column motor, 3. Unloading device, 31. Sample tray, 32. Guide shaft, 33. Guide shaft sleeve, 34. Lifting cylinder 35. Cylinder fixing plate; 4. Positioning device; 41. Pressure plate bracket; 42. Rotary cylinder; 43. Tilting rod; 44. Tilting connector; 44. Pressure plate; 5. Conveying device; 51. Bracket; 52. Conveying motor fixing plate; 53. Conveying motor; 54. Conveying motor pulley; 55. Conveying motor belt; 56. Conveying intermediate wheel; 57. Conveying support wheel; 58. Conveying belt; 59. Bracket fixing plate; 6. Grinding and cleaning device; 61. Platform plate; 62. Grinding and polishing spindle; 63. Grinding and polishing disc; 64. Positioning pin; 65. Waterproof tank; 66. Grinding and polishing spindle pulley; 67. Grinding and polishing motor bracket; 68. Grinding and polishing spindle motor; 69. Grinding and polishing motor pulley; 610. Grinding and polishing spindle belt; 611. Cleaning water tank; 612. Air vent; 613. Water spray nozzle. Detailed Implementation

[0029] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0030] Please see Figure 1-11 This utility model provides a technical solution: a fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment, including a frame 1, a conveying device 5 on the outside of the frame 1 for loading and unloading the embedded sample; a pressure grinding and polishing head 2 inside the frame 1 for transporting and applying pressure to the sample tray 29 for grinding; a grinding and cleaning device 6 inside the frame 1 for cleaning and grinding the sample in the sample tray 29; the frame 1 includes a control box 11, which contains an action control module, a data processing module, and a power module; an identification module 14 on the conveying device 5 for detecting the material parameters of the embedded sample; and a pressure grinding and polishing head 2 including a pressure shaft 26 and a pressure sensor 27 for real-time monitoring and adjustment of the grinding pressure.

[0031] The top of the control box 11 is equipped with an equipment compartment 12, and the pressure grinding head 2 is installed in the middle of the equipment compartment 12. The near end of the conveying device 5 for unloading is provided with a feeding device 3 that can vertically lift and lower the sample tray 29. The outer side of the feeding device 3 is provided with a positioning device 4 for assisting in unloading the sample tray 29. The pressure grinding head 2 includes a column motor 217, which is installed on the top of the control box 11. The top of the column motor 217 is equipped with a bottom support plate 21. The pressure shaft 26 is installed on the outer side of the bottom support plate 21 and can be lifted and lowered. The bottom end of the pressure shaft 26 is detachably equipped with the sample tray 29. The pressure sensor 27 is installed between the pressure shaft 26 and the gripping device of the sample tray 29.

[0032] The gripping device includes a sleeve located below the pressure sensor 27 and at the bottom of the pressure shaft 26. The sleeve has a vertical cavity inside, and a limiting ball 28 is horizontally arranged on the inner wall of the vertical cavity. The top of the sample tray 29 has a vertical cylindrical structure with a circular groove on the top. After the sleeve is fitted downwards onto the outside of the cylindrical structure, the continuous downward pressure will cause the limiting ball 28 to jump over from the top of the cylindrical structure and finally lock into the inside of the groove of the original cylindrical structure, thus performing the gripping action of the sample tray 29.

[0033] A circular hole is provided on the inner and outer sides of the socket, and a spring is provided inside the circular hole. A telescopic column that can be raised and lowered is provided at the bottom of the spring. The spring can drive the telescopic column to rise and fall. A groove is opened on the top surface of the sample tray 29 to facilitate weight reduction. After the sample tray 29 is docked, the telescopic column pops out downward and will be locked inside the groove when it encounters the groove or when the sample tray 29 rotates relative to the gripping head during grinding, thereby achieving a function of limiting rotation. This facilitates the pressure head motor 211 to drive the sample tray 29 to rotate through the pressure head belt 213, thereby achieving the rotational grinding state. The column motor 217 can drive the bottom plate 21 to rotate around the axis of the column motor 217. The center of the working parts of the loading end of the two sets of conveying devices 5, the unloading device 3, and the grinding and cleaning device 6 coincides with the axis of the pressure shaft 26.

[0034] The equipment compartment 12 has a cabinet door 13 on the outside for easy maintenance and repair. A transparent window is also installed on the inside of the cabinet door 13 for easy observation and to prevent liquid splashed during grinding from falling outside the equipment.

[0035] The top of the control box 11 is equipped with a panel 15, and the pressure grinding head 2, the feeding device 3, the positioning device 4, the end and receiving end of the conveying device 5, and the grinding and cleaning device 6 are all mounted on the top of the panel 15.

[0036] An abrasive feeder 16 is mounted on the upper surface of panel 15 outside the grinding and cleaning device 6. The abrasive feeder 16 can provide a variety of abrasives, which are dripped onto the upper surface of the grinding and polishing disc 63 in the form of a suspension using a diaphragm pump or other transmission equipment and pipelines.

[0037] Specifically, the pressure grinding head 2 includes a base plate 21, on one side of which is fitted a column sleeve 214. The bottom of the column sleeve 214 is fixedly installed on the top of the control box 11. A column motor 217 is installed inside the column sleeve 214, which can rotate to drive the base plate 21 to flip. An electric cylinder fixing plate 22 is fitted on the other side of the base plate 21. The pressure shaft 26 is fitted to the bottom end of the electric cylinder fixing plate 22 via a transition shaft 24. The pressure shaft 26 is driven to lift and lower via an electric cylinder 23. The pressure shaft 26 is driven to rotate via a pressure shaft pulley 210 and a pressure head belt 213. The bottom end of the pressure shaft 26 is used to engage and position with the sample tray 29.

[0038] The top of the panel 15 is fitted with a column sleeve 214, and the column motor 217 is fitted at the bottom of the panel. The column motor 217 extends upward through the panel 15 and the column sleeve 214 and is fitted at the bottom end of the base plate 21. The base plate 21 is rotatably mounted between the column sleeve 214 and the base plate 21.

[0039] Specifically, the feeding device 3 includes a sample tray 31 and a lifting cylinder 34. The lifting cylinder 34 is connected to the sample tray 31 and drives the sample tray 31 to move up and down. The sample tray 31 is used to receive the sample tray 29 located at the bottom of the pressure grinding head 2 after it is separated from the pressure grinding head 2, and to release the sample tray 29 onto the conveying device 5 after receiving it. The positioning device 4 includes a pressure plate bracket 41 and a rotary cylinder 42. The rotary cylinder 42 is connected to the pressure plate 44 and is used to drive the pressure plate 44 to flip, thereby pressing or releasing the sample tray 29.

[0040] During the unloading process, the pressure grinding head 2 first rotates the finished sample tray 29 to directly above the sample tray 31. Then, the sample tray 31 is lifted by the lifting cylinder 34, and the sample tray 31 contacts the lower surface of the sample tray 29. Then, the rotary cylinder 42 drives the rotation, which in turn rotates the four flipping rods 43. The pressure plate 44 flips and extends forward to press against the top edge of the sample tray 29. Then, the pressure grinding head 2 is pulled upward, and the limiting top bead 28 is passively ejected from the groove of the original column at the top of the sample tray 29, thus separating the sample tray 29 from the pressure grinding head 2. Then, the sample tray 31 descends. When the sample tray 31 descends to a height below the conveyor belt 55, the edge of the sample tray 29 contacts the conveyor belt 55, thus separating. Then, the conveying device 5 responsible for unloading moves and unloads the finished sample tray 29.

[0041] Specifically, the conveying device 5 includes a conveying motor 53 and two conveying belts 58. The two conveying belts 58 are located below the two sides of the sample tray 29, respectively, and are used to support the lower surfaces of the two sides of the sample tray 29 and drive it to move along the conveying direction to realize the automatic conveying of the sample tray 29.

[0042] The conveying device 5 includes a support 51. A conveying motor fixing plate 52 is mounted at the bottom of the support 51. A conveying motor 53 is mounted inside the conveying motor fixing plate 52. A conveying motor pulley 54 is mounted at the output end of the conveying motor 53. A conveying intermediate wheel 56 is mounted on the outside of the conveying motor pulley 54 via a conveying motor belt 55. Conveying support wheels 57 are mounted on both sides of the top of the support 51. A conveying belt 58 is sleeved on the outside of the conveying support wheels 57. The conveying intermediate wheel 56 is connected to the conveying belt 58 and drives the conveying belt 58 to rotate.

[0043] Specifically, the grinding and cleaning device 6 includes a grinding and polishing spindle 62, a grinding and polishing disc 63, a cleaning water tank 611, a water spray nozzle 613, and an air vent 612. The grinding and polishing spindle 62 drives the grinding and polishing disc 63 to rotate and grind the sample on the sample tray 29.

[0044] The polishing disc 63 is positioned with the polishing spindle 62 by a positioning pin 64, which can realize the replacement of polishing discs 63 with different particle sizes and rotation positioning; the water tank 611 is equipped with a water spray nozzle 613 for spray cleaning, and the air vent 612 is used to dry the sample tray 29.

[0045] The grinding and cleaning device 6 includes a platform plate 61. A waterproof groove 65 is installed on one side of the top of the platform plate 61. A grinding and polishing spindle 62 is rotatably installed at the center of the inner side of the waterproof groove 65. A grinding and polishing disc 63 is installed at the top of the grinding and polishing spindle 62. The bottom end of the grinding and polishing spindle 63 is connected to the grinding and polishing spindle motor 68 through a grinding and polishing motor belt 610. A cleaning water tank 611 is installed on the other side of the platform plate 61. A water spray nozzle 613 is provided at the bottom of the cleaning water tank 611. A vent 612 is provided on the side wall of the cleaning water tank 611.

[0046] Specifically, the control box 11 includes an action control module, a data processing module, and a power module. The action control module is used to control the operation steps and switching of the identification module 14, the pressure polishing head 2, the conveying device 5, and the grinding and cleaning device 6. The data processing module is used to receive data transmitted by the identification module 14, including parameters such as hardness H, adjacent hardness difference ΔH, plasticity δ, thermal conductivity λ, and material composition C, and to generate a grinding plan based on these parameters. The power module is used to provide energy supply to the motion execution components such as the pressure polishing head 2, the conveying device 5, and the grinding and cleaning device 6.

[0047] Specifically, the identification module 14 is located below the conveying device 5 and integrates the detection device 17, the identification sensor 18, and the industrial camera. The identification sensor 18 includes a small-load Vickers hardness tester, a laser displacement sensor, a thin-film heat flow meter, and a micro-heat source response device, which are used to detect the hardness (H), adjacent hardness difference (ΔH), plasticity (δ), and thermal conductivity (λ) of the embedded sample, respectively. The industrial camera is used for image acquisition and material composition (C) analysis. The detection device 17 is used to receive the data transmitted by the identification sensor 18 and the industrial camera, integrate the sample's hardness (H), adjacent hardness difference (ΔH), plasticity (δ), thermal conductivity (λ), and material composition (C) parameters, and send the integrated data to the data processing module for analysis and calculation.

[0048] The control method for a fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment includes a material identification step and a grinding control step, specifically: Step 1, the hardness (H), adjacent hardness difference (ΔH), plasticity (δ), thermal conductivity (λ), and material type (M) of each material in the embedded sample are obtained through the identification module 14; Step 2, a grinding plan is generated based on the parameters, the grinding plan including grinding pressure (P), rotation speed (R), and grinding time (T). g ), number of grinding times (N) g Abrasive replacement (A) c) and number of cleaning cycles (N) c Step 3: Monitor the temperature (T) in real time during the grinding process. When the temperature exceeds the set value (T), (max) During this process, the pressure, rotation speed, and cooling water flow rate are adjusted; in step 4, multi-stage grinding operations are performed according to the grinding plan and temperature adjustment to complete the fully automatic grinding and polishing of the embedded sample.

[0049] Specifically, the grinding pressure (P) is calculated using the following formula: Where, k p H is the pressure correction factor. max H represents the hardness value of the material with the highest hardness in the sample. avg D represents the average hardness value of the entire sample material. avg The average diameter or characteristic dimension of the sample surface; the grinding speed (R) is calculated using the following formula: R = R0 - k r ·H avg Where R0 is the default base speed; k r H is the speed correction factor; avg This represents the average hardness value of the entire sample material; when the temperature (T) exceeds the set value (T) during the grinding process. (max) During this process: Grinding parameters are dynamically adjusted, including: reducing grinding pressure (P = P × 0.8), reducing grinding speed (R = R × 0.9), and increasing cooling water flow to lower grinding temperature; simultaneously, the hardness parameter is corrected, with a hardness correction value (H...). adj Calculate using the following formula: H adj =Hk t ·(T-T0); where H is the initially measured material hardness; k t T is the temperature influence correction factor; T is the real-time monitoring temperature; T0 is the reference temperature.

[0050] The grinding time correction coefficient kt was accumulated through long-term experiments using semi-automatic and manual grinding equipment. Grinding data was recorded for samples with different hardness, size, and target surface roughness Ra. The required time was statistically analyzed during actual grinding and compared with theoretical calculations to optimize the range of kt values. kt is mainly affected by material hardness, sample size, and target surface roughness. It is continuously optimized through parameter adjustments and data feedback during actual processing to improve the accuracy of grinding time prediction.

[0051] The determination of the grinding cycle correction factor kn is based on grinding tests of multi-material mosaic samples, especially for cases where the hardness difference ΔH between adjacent materials is large. In the early stage, grinding tests were carried out on samples with different hardness differences using semi-automatic equipment. The relationship between the number of grinding cycles and the average hardness H was recorded. Combined with microscopic observation and surface quality analysis, the value of kn was gradually adjusted to make it suitable for grinding requirements under different hardness combinations.

[0052] The grinding pressure correction coefficient kp was obtained by conducting pressure experiments on samples of different hardness and size. Manual or semi-automatic grinding equipment was used to grind samples under different pressure conditions, and key parameters such as removal rate, surface quality, and flatness were measured to establish the correlation between hardness, pressure, and grinding effect. kp is mainly closely related to the maximum hardness, average hardness, and characteristic dimensions of the sample. Data analysis was used to optimize the grinding pressure control strategy to ensure uniform grinding and avoid material damage.

[0053] The grinding speed correction coefficient kr is accumulated by conducting multiple grinding tests on materials of different hardness, adjusting the grinding speed, and recording the grinding temperature rise, surface scratches, and micro-deformation. The influence of the average hardness H on the grinding speed is then summarized. Harder materials are prone to overheating and surface damage at high speeds; therefore, adjusting kr is mainly used to optimize grinding stability and ensure that different materials operate within a suitable grinding speed range.

[0054] The temperature correction factor kt is determined by prior testing of material hardness under different temperature conditions, recording the initial hardness value, real-time temperature, and hardness changes at the reference temperature. Combined with heat treatment theory analysis, the influence of temperature on material hardness is fitted. Optimizing the kt temperature allows for real-time compensation for hardness changes caused by temperature rise during the grinding process, thereby improving the accuracy of grinding parameter calculations.

[0055] The orientation of sensor 18 is as follows Figure 11 As shown, it includes two side sensors for tilt recognition and observation, as well as a recognition sensor for forward detection. During use, by correcting the recognition parameters at different angles, the results can be compared in the background to make the results more accurate. This method is suitable for scanning transmitters, such as visual transmitters, electronic scanning sensors, spectrometers, laser scanners, etc., except for hardness sensors that require vertical contact and have specific requirements for the detection method.

[0056] The recognition module 14 can use a variety of schemes. The following are examples of two preferred schemes:

[0057] Option 1:

[0058] The identification module 14 is located below the conveying device 5 and includes a detection device 17, an identification sensor 18, and an industrial camera.

[0059] The detection device 17 and the identification sensor 18 are configured as follows:

[0060] The small-load Vickers hardness tester is used to directly apply load to the sample surface and measure the indentation size to obtain the local hardness H;

[0061] A laser displacement sensor is used to scan minute height differences on the sample surface to help calculate the hardness difference ΔH between adjacent regions.

[0062] A thin-film heat flow meter and a micro heat source response unit are used to detect the heat flow response of a sample surface after heating and to estimate the thermal conductivity λ.

[0063] The identification sensor 18 is used to synchronously collect data signals from the above-mentioned detection device and to perform preliminary data integration and transmission.

[0064] Industrial cameras are responsible for acquiring overall images of the sample surface and using algorithms such as grayscale distribution and color contrast to analyze the changes in surface features in different areas of the sample. This is used to make preliminary judgments about material interfaces and to assist in material identification and surface contamination detection.

[0065] Based on the combined data from the detection device 17 and the industrial camera, the data processing module identifies the hardness H, the difference between adjacent hardness ΔH, the plasticity δ (estimated based on the change in hardness and height difference), the thermal conductivity λ, and the material characteristics C, and generates basic grinding parameters.

[0066] The above solutions offer low equipment cost and moderate recognition accuracy, making them suitable for hardness testing and simple material analysis of batch samples or conventional materials. They also feature fast response speeds, making them ideal for production scenarios where process accuracy requirements are moderate and cost-effectiveness is a priority.

[0067] Option 2:

[0068] The identification module 14 is located below the conveying device 5 and also includes the detection device 17, the identification sensor 18 and the industrial camera, but is equipped with a more accurate detection device.

[0069] The detection device 17 and the identification sensor 18 are configured as follows:

[0070] • Laser Raman spectrometer is used to perform non-contact spectral scanning on the sample surface, and to identify the specific component C of metallic or non-metallic materials through characteristic peaks, so as to achieve accurate material classification and content estimation;

[0071] • Three-dimensional confocal microscopy can calculate the surface hardness H and the hardness difference ΔH between adjacent samples by measuring the surface morphology at the micrometer level and tracking and analyzing the micro-indentation, and can also analyze the plasticity δ of micro-areas;

[0072] • Thermal imaging sensors capture the heat flow distribution on the sample surface in real time under different temperature control environments, and calculate the sample's thermal conductivity λ by using the thermal diffusion characteristic curve;

[0073] The identification sensor 18 integrates the data streams output by each device to form a complete material mechanical and thermal property profile, and transmits it synchronously to the data processing module.

[0074] Industrial cameras use high-resolution imaging equipment to perform high-definition image scanning of the entire sample area, overlay spectral analysis layers, accurately distinguish multi-material interfaces, detect material transition zones, and correct morphological data errors.

[0075] The data processing module intelligently analyzes the correlation between various parameters based on the complete dataset, optimizes the multi-stage control curve of the grinding plan, and ensures that different material regions achieve the best grinding effect.

[0076] The above solutions offer excellent recognition accuracy and are suitable for precise detection of all parameters in complex samples with multiple materials. They can significantly improve the level of grinding quality control and automated matching capabilities, making them suitable for high-end sample preparation, scientific research samples, or industrial needs requiring high consistency.

[0077] Working principle:

[0078] The sample to be ground and polished is adhered to the sample carrier 9, and then the sample carrier 9 is placed on the conveyor belt 58. The sample is automatically identified by the identification module 14, which detects the hardness H, adjacent hardness difference ΔH, plasticity δ, thermal conductivity λ, and material composition C of each material region, and transmits the identified data to the data processing module. The data processing module generates a grinding plan according to the identification parameters and the following calculation steps:

[0079] ① Calculate the total grinding time;

[0080] ② Calculate the number of grinding cycles (Ng);

[0081] ③ Determine the abrasive selection Ac

[0082] ④ Calculate the grinding pressure P;

[0083] ⑤ Calculate the grinding speed R;

[0084] ⑥ Temperature regulation and control;

[0085] After the above calculations are completed, the parameters are automatically loaded into the PLC control system, and the equipment starts to run automatically.

[0086] The conveyor motor 53 drives the conveyor belt through the conveyor motor pulley to rotate the conveyor wheel, and drives the conveyor support wheel to drive the conveyor belt 58 to start moving the sample tray 9. When it reaches the sample tray 31, the column motor drives the column shaft through the column coupling, thereby the bottom plate 21 drives the pressure shaft 26 in the pressure shaft seat to rotate above the sample tray 31.

[0087] At this time, the lifting cylinder 34 drives the sample tray 31 to rise, while the electric cylinder 23 drives the pressure shaft 26 to move downward through the adapter shaft 24. Due to the relative forces, the sample tray 9 and the pressure shaft 26 are connected together, and the limiting ball fixes the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26. Then, the column motor drives the column shaft through the column coupling, so that the bottom plate 21 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 in the pressure shaft seat to rotate to above the polishing disc 63 and stop. Then, the electric cylinder 23 drives the pressure shaft 26, together with the pressure sensor 27 and the sample tray 9, to move downward through the adapter shaft 24 to contact the polishing disc 63. After the pressure sensor 27 feeds back the pressure value, the pressurization stops.

[0088] At this time, the pressure head motor drives the pressure head belt 213 through the pressure head motor pulley, which in turn drives the pressure shaft pulley 210, causing the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to start rotating. Simultaneously, the polishing spindle motor 62 drives the polishing spindle pulley on the polishing spindle through the polishing motor pulley. The polishing spindle then drives the polishing disc 63 to rotate through the positioning pin, thereby polishing the sample on the sample tray 9.

[0089] After the preset time is reached, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to move upward. After stopping, the column motor drives the bottom plate 21 and the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to rotate above the cleaning tank through the column shaft. After reaching the top, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to begin to descend into the cleaning tank. At this time, the water spray nozzle 613 begins to spray water to clean the sample tray 9. After a certain time, the air vent 612 begins to blow natural air to dry the sample tray 9.

[0090] After a certain period of time, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to move upward. After stopping, the column motor drives the base plate 21 and the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to rotate again onto the polishing disc 63, repeating the previous operation mode. The sample tray 9 grinds and polishes the sample on the polishing disc 63.

[0091] After the preset time is reached, the column motor drives the base plate 21 and the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to rotate above the cleaning tank via the column shaft. After reaching the top, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to begin to descend into the cleaning tank. At this time, the water spray nozzle 613 begins to spray water to clean the sample tray 9. After a certain time, the air vent 612 begins to blow natural air to dry the sample tray 9.

[0092] After a certain period of time, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to move upward. After stopping, the column motor drives the bottom support plate 21, together with the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26, to rotate above the sample tray tray 31. After reaching the top, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to begin to descend and contact the sample tray tray 31. At the same time, the rotating cylinder 42 drives the pressure plate 44 to move, so that the pressure plate 44 presses on the sample tray 9.

[0093] At this time, the electric cylinder 23 drives the sample tray 9 on the pressure shaft 26 to move upward, so that the sample tray 9 falls onto the sample tray tray 31. Then, the conveyor motor 53 drives the conveyor motor belt through the conveyor motor pulley to rotate the conveyor wheel, and drives the conveyor support wheel to drive the conveyor belt 58 to make the sample tray 9 start to move to the unloading area.

[0094] Meanwhile, the column motor drives the base plate 21, along with the pressure shaft 26, back to the loading area to continue gripping the next sample tray 9, performing the fully automated grinding and polishing process of loading, polishing, cleaning (drying), polishing, cleaning (drying), and unloading. The entire automated process is controlled by a program; the equipment operates automatically based on the recognition results and calculated parameters, requiring no personnel to be present, and efficiently and precisely completing the sample grinding and polishing.

[0095] Experiment 1:

[0096] Several copper (T2) inlay samples were embedded at the bottom of the sample carrier plate 29 and placed in the equipment for testing:

[0097] The copper (T2) inlaid sample was parameter identified by the identification module 14. The detection results were as follows: sample hardness H = 50 HV, adjacent hardness difference ΔH = 20 HV, plasticity δ = 30%, thermal conductivity λ = 390 W / (m·K), feature size D = 30 mm, target surface roughness Ra target = 0.05 μm, the inlay material was thermosetting resin with hardness 30 HV, plasticity 10%, thermal conductivity 0.3 W / (m·K), real-time temperature T current = 45℃, and reference temperature T reference = 25℃. The data processing module determined correction parameters based on historical grinding data: time correction coefficient kt = 0.12, number of passes correction coefficient kn = 1.1, pressure correction coefficient kp = 2, rotation speed correction coefficient kr = 2, and temperature correction coefficient kt temperature = 0.3.

[0098] The system automatically calculates the following parameters: grinding time Tg = 0.12 × (50 × 30) / 0.05 = 3,600 s (1 h), grinding times Ng = 1.1 × (1 + 20 / 40) = 1.65 times (take 2 times), abrasive selection is A fine grinding, grinding pressure P = 2 × (50 / 40) × 30 = 75 N, grinding speed R = 300 - 2 × 40 = 220 rpm, temperature correction hardness H correction = 50 - 0.3 × (45 - 25) = 44 HV.

[0099] The equipment operates automatically according to the grinding plan. The sample tray moves to the bottom of the pressure polishing head, and the electric cylinder applies pressure to 75N, which is monitored in real time by a pressure sensor. The power module controls the polishing disc and the sample tray to grind relative to each other at 220rpm, while monitoring the temperature. If the temperature exceeds 50℃, the pressure is reduced to 60N, the speed is reduced to 198rpm, and the cooling water flow is increased. Hardness is corrected in real time. After grinding, the sample is cleaned, dried, and unloaded after a second grinding, achieving fully automated polishing and ultimately obtaining a highly smooth, scratch-free surface.

[0100] Experiment 2:

[0101] Several steel (GCr15) inlay samples were embedded at the bottom of the sample carrier plate 29 and placed in the equipment for testing:

[0102] The steel (GCr15) inlaid sample was parameter identified by the identification module 14. The detection results were as follows: sample hardness H = 62HV, adjacent hardness difference ΔH = 32HV, plasticity δ = 10%, thermal conductivity λ = 46W / (m·K), feature size D = 25mm, target surface roughness Ra target = 0.02μm, inlay material was cold-mounted acrylic resin, hardness 30HV, plasticity 5%, thermal conductivity 0.25W / (m·K), real-time temperature T current = 50℃, reference temperature T reference = 25℃. The data processing module called the correction parameters: time correction coefficient kt = 0.1, number of times correction coefficient kn = 1.2, pressure correction coefficient kp = 2.5, rotation speed correction coefficient kr = 2.5, temperature correction coefficient kt temperature = 0.4.

[0103] The system completed the parameter calculations: grinding time Tg=0.1×(62×25) / 0.02=7,750s (approximately 2.15h), grinding times Ng=1.2×(1+32 / 50)=1.97 times (take 2 times), abrasive selection is A coarse grinding, grinding pressure P=2.5×(62 / 50)×25=77.5N, grinding speed R=300-2.5×50=175rpm, temperature correction hardness H correction=62-0.4×(50-25)=52HV.

[0104] The control system automatically executes the grinding task based on parameters. The sample tray moves to the polishing station, applying pressure of 77.5 N and a rotation speed of 175 rpm. When the temperature exceeds 50°C, the pressure is reduced to 62 N, the rotation speed to 157.5 rpm, and the cooling water flow is increased to dynamically correct the hardness and adjust subsequent grinding parameters. After two grinding cycles and two cleaning cycles, the task is completed, the sample is unloaded, and a scratch-free, highly smooth precision surface is obtained.

[0105] It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this invention is not limited to the details of the exemplary embodiments described above, and that it can be implemented in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics of this invention. Therefore, the embodiments should be considered illustrative and non-limiting in all respects, and the scope of this invention is defined by the appended claims rather than the foregoing description. Thus, it is intended that all variations falling within the meaning and scope of equivalents of the claims be included within this invention. No reference numerals in the claims should be construed as limiting the scope of the claims.

[0106] Furthermore, it should be understood that although this specification describes embodiments, not every embodiment contains only one independent technical solution. This narrative style is merely for clarity. Those skilled in the art should consider the specification as a whole, and the technical solutions in each embodiment can also be appropriately combined to form other embodiments that can be understood by those skilled in the art.

Claims

1. A fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment, comprising a frame (1), characterized in that: A conveying device (5) is provided on the outside of the frame (1), a pressure grinding head (2) is provided inside the frame (1), and a grinding and cleaning device (6) is provided inside the frame (1); the frame (1) includes a control box (11), and the control box (11) is equipped with an action control module, a data processing module and a power module; an identification module (14) is provided on the conveying device (5), and the pressure grinding head (2) includes a pressure shaft (26) and a pressure sensor (27); an equipment compartment (12) is installed on the top of the control box (11), and the pressure grinding head (2) is installed in the middle of the equipment compartment (12). A feeding device (3) capable of vertically lifting and lowering the sample tray (29) is provided near the conveying device (5) for feeding, and a positioning device for assisting in unloading the sample tray (29) is provided on the outside of the feeding device (3). The pressure grinding head (2) includes a column motor (217), which is mounted on the top of the control box (11). The top of the column motor (217) is equipped with a base plate (21). The pressure shaft (26) is mounted on the outside of the base plate (21) and can be raised and lowered. The bottom end of the pressure shaft (26) is detachably equipped with a sample tray (29). The pressure sensor (27) is mounted between the gripping device of the pressure shaft (26) and the sample tray (29). The column motor (217) can drive the base plate (21) to rotate around the axis of the column motor (217). The center of the working parts of the two sets of conveying devices (5), the unloading device (3), and the grinding and cleaning device (6) coincide with the axis trajectory of the pressure shaft (26).

2. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The equipment compartment (12) has a cabinet door (13) on its outer side.

3. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The identification module (14) is equipped with a detection device (17), and the detection device (17) is equipped with at least three identical identification sensors (18).

4. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the control box (11) is equipped with a panel (15), and the ends and receiving ends of the pressure grinding head (2), the feeding device (3), the positioning device (4), the conveying device (5), and the grinding and cleaning device (6) are all equipped on the top of the panel (15).

5. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: An abrasive feeder (16) is mounted on the upper surface of the panel (15) outside the grinding and cleaning device (6).

6. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 4, characterized in that: The top of the base plate (21) is equipped with an electric cylinder fixing seat (22), the top of the electric cylinder fixing seat (22) is equipped with an electric cylinder (23), the displacement end of the electric cylinder (23) is rotatably connected to the pressure shaft (26), the outside of the pressure shaft (26) is slidably equipped with a transition shaft (24), the bottom end of the transition shaft (24) is equipped with a pressure shaft pulley (210), the outside of the pressure shaft pulley (210) is equipped with a pressure head motor (211) through a pressure head belt (213), and the pressure head motor (211) is fixedly assembled with the base plate (21).

7. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 6, characterized in that: The top of the panel (15) is fitted with a column sleeve (214), the column motor (217) is fitted at the bottom of the panel, the column motor (217) extends upward through the panel (15) and the column sleeve (214) and is fitted at the bottom end of the base plate (21), and the base plate (21) is rotatably installed between the column sleeve (214).

8. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The feeding device (3) includes a cylinder fixing plate (35) and a guide bushing (33). The guide bushing (33) and the cylinder fixing plate (35) are fixedly assembled with the panel (15). A lifting cylinder (34) is assembled at the bottom end of the cylinder fixing plate (35). A sample tray (31) is assembled at the top end of the lifting cylinder (34). A guide shaft (32) is assembled on the outside of the sample tray (31). The guide shaft (32) is slidably assembled with the inside of the guide bushing (33). The positioning device (4) includes a pressure plate bracket (41). The pressure plate bracket (41) is assembled with the upper surface of the panel. A rotary cylinder (42) is assembled in the middle of the pressure plate bracket (41). A flipping rod (43) is assembled at the rotating end of the rotary cylinder (42). A pressure plate (44) is hinged to the top of the flipping rod (43).

9. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The conveying device (5) includes a bracket (51), a conveying motor fixing plate (52) is mounted at the bottom of the bracket (51), a conveying motor (53) is mounted inside the conveying motor fixing plate (52), a conveying motor pulley (54) is mounted at the output end of the conveying motor (53), a conveying intermediate wheel (56) is mounted on the outside of the conveying motor pulley (54) via a conveying motor belt (55), conveying support wheels (57) are mounted on both sides of the top of the bracket (51), a conveying belt (58) is sleeved on the outside of the conveying support wheel (57), and the conveying intermediate wheel (56) is connected to the conveying belt (58) and drives the conveying belt (58) to rotate.

10. The fully automatic pressure grinding and polishing equipment according to claim 1, characterized in that: The grinding and cleaning device (6) includes a platform plate (61), a waterproof groove (65) is mounted on one side of the top of the platform plate (61), a grinding and polishing spindle (62) is rotatably mounted at the center of the inner side of the waterproof groove (65), a grinding and polishing disc (63) is mounted on the top of the grinding and polishing spindle (62), and the bottom end of the grinding and polishing spindle (62) is connected to the grinding and polishing spindle motor (68) through a grinding and polishing motor belt (610); a cleaning water tank (611) is mounted on the other side of the platform plate (61), a water spray nozzle (613) is provided at the bottom of the cleaning water tank (611), and a vent nozzle (612) is provided on the side wall of the cleaning water tank (611).

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