A long furnace tube reactor drive shaft, reactor and electronic waste cracking treatment system

Abstract

The utility model relates to a kind of long furnace tube reactor drive shaft, reactor and electronic garbage pyrolysis processing system, belong to waste resource recycling technical field, solve the problem of poor high-temperature resistance of the internal drive shaft of long furnace tube reactor in prior art.A kind of long furnace tube reactor drive shaft, the drive shaft is inner and outer double tube structure, including inner tube and outer tube, more than 1 support ring is arranged between the inner tube and outer tube along the axial direction;The inner tube is circulating cooling medium passage, and the gap between the inner tube and outer tube is filled with heat insulation material.The stable operation of long furnace tube reactor under high-temperature working condition is realized.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of waste resource recycling technology, and in particular to a long furnace tube reactor drive shaft, reactor, and electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system. Background Technology

[0002] Pyrolysis is the most environmentally friendly treatment technology in the field of solid waste treatment, with dioxin emissions only 10%-20% of those from incineration. Developed countries are increasingly adopting pyrolysis technology for the treatment of highly polluting solid wastes such as medical waste, waste tires, and chlorinated plastics. However, traditional pyrolysis technology faces many challenges in solid waste treatment: First, because pyrolysis is an endothermic reaction, its processing efficiency is low and its scale is difficult to expand. Furthermore, different substances have different decomposition temperatures, meaning existing equipment can usually only process single substances and is difficult to adapt to complex mixed solid wastes. Second, for substances with poor thermal conductivity, pyrolysis cannot completely decompose them, resulting in poor-quality products such as oil, fuel gas, and carbon black, thus affecting economic viability. In addition, pyrolysis generates large amounts of flammable gases and fuel oil, which can easily lead to explosions and other safety accidents if leaks or sealing problems occur. Finally, existing pyrolysis equipment suffers from low processing efficiency, high investment and operating costs, and under high-temperature conditions, the furnace tubes experience significant thermal expansion and a decrease in metal strength, easily leading to collapse and permanent deformation in the middle of the tubes. Utility Model Content

[0003] Based on the above analysis, this utility model aims to provide a drive shaft for a long furnace tube reactor, a reactor, and an electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system, which solves the problem of poor high-temperature resistance of the internal drive shaft of the long furnace tube reactor in the prior art.

[0004] The objective of this utility model is mainly achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0005] This utility model embodiment discloses a drive shaft for a long furnace tube reactor. The drive shaft has an inner and outer double tube structure, including an inner tube and an outer tube, and one or more support rings are arranged axially between the inner tube and the outer tube.

[0006] The inner tube serves as a channel for circulating cooling medium, and the gap between the inner tube and the outer tube is filled with heat-insulating material.

[0007] Preferably, the support ring is made of nano-thermal insulating ceramic.

[0008] Specifically, the inner diameter of the support ring is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer tube. The two sides of the support ring are machined with conical chamfers, the large end of the conical surface matches the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the small end matches the outer diameter of the inner tube.

[0009] Furthermore, the space between the inner tube and the outer tube is filled with nano-insulating ceramics and / or insulating cotton.

[0010] Preferably, both the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are coated with a high-temperature heat-insulating coating.

[0011] It should be noted that the inner pipe is connected to the external cooling water system, and the environment inside the inner pipe is at room temperature.

[0012] Furthermore, the inner tube and the outer tube are fixedly connected at one end, and slidably connected at the other end through a guide support ring.

[0013] It is worth noting that the length of the drive shaft is greater than or equal to 10m.

[0014] On the other hand, this utility model embodiment also discloses a long furnace tube reactor, which adopts the aforementioned drive shaft; the furnace tube of the long furnace tube reactor also includes a furnace shell sleeved on the outer periphery of the drive shaft, and a first end cover and a second end cover installed at both ends of the furnace shell.

[0015] On the other hand, this utility model embodiment also discloses an electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system, including a continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit, using the aforementioned long furnace tube reactor as the reaction device of the superheated steam pyrolysis unit; it also includes a raw material pretreatment unit, a feeding unit, an oil and gas treatment unit, and a discharge sorting unit.

[0016] Compared with the prior art, the present invention can achieve at least one of the following beneficial effects:

[0017] This utility model's drive shaft adopts an inner and outer double-tube structure. The inner tube is circulated with a cooling medium to maintain a suitable operating temperature, while thermal insulation material is filled between the inner and outer tubes. This ensures that the outer tube maintains a high-temperature state matching the working temperature of the pyrolysis furnace, avoiding unnecessary heat loss, while also ensuring the cooling effect of the inner tube. To address the resulting thermal expansion due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer tubes, a composite structure is used, with one end fixed and the other end slidingly connected via a guide support ring. The fixed end ensures the stability of torque transmission, while the gear connection end allows for relative axial displacement between the inner and outer tubes, thus adaptively compensating for the expansion difference caused by temperature variations. This design ensures reliable operation of the transmission system while resolving the issue of thermal deformation coordination in high-temperature environments with a double-tube structure.

[0018] In this invention, the above-described technical solutions can be combined with each other to achieve more preferred combinations. Other features and advantages of this invention will be set forth in the following description, and some advantages will become apparent from the description or be learned by practicing this invention. The objectives and other advantages of this invention can be realized and obtained through the details specifically pointed out in the text and accompanying drawings. Attached Figure Description

[0019] The accompanying drawings are for illustrative purposes only and are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Throughout the drawings, the same reference numerals denote the same parts.

[0020] Figure 1 is a radial view of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace of this utility model;

[0021] Figure 2 This is an axial view of the furnace tubes of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace of this utility model;

[0022] Figure 3 This utility model Figure 2 Sectional view along the DD direction;

[0023] Figure 4 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of a portion of point A in the middle;

[0024] Figure 5 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of a section at point B in the middle;

[0025] Figure 6 This utility model Figure 3 Enlarged view of a section at point C;

[0026] Figure 7 This is a perspective view of the multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace of this utility model;

[0027] Figure 8 This is an axial view of the furnace tubes of the multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace of this utility model;

[0028] Figure 9 This utility model Figure 8 EE-directed sectional view;

[0029] Figure 10 This is a perspective view of the sliding support unit of this utility model;

[0030] Figure 11 This is an axial view of the sliding support unit of this utility model;

[0031] Figure 12 This is a perspective view of the first roller of this utility model;

[0032] Figure 13 This is a perspective view of the sliding suspension unit of this utility model;

[0033] Figure 14 This is an axial view of the sliding hoisting unit of this utility model;

[0034] Figure 15 This is a radial view of the sliding hoisting unit of this utility model;

[0035] Figure 16 This is a perspective view of the drive shaft of this utility model;

[0036] Figure 17 This is a perspective view of the inner tube of the transmission shaft of this utility model;

[0037] Figure 18 This is a perspective view of the guide support ring of this utility model;

[0038] Figure 19 This is an axial view showing the assembly relationship between the guide support ring and the outer tube of this utility model.

[0039] Figure 20 This is an axial view showing the assembly relationship between the guide support ring, the outer tube, and the second spiral drive shaft head of this utility model.

[0040] Figure 21 This is a perspective view of the support ring of this utility model;

[0041] Figure 22 This is a three-dimensional view of the water pipe connected to the central shaft of this utility model;

[0042] Figure 23 This is a perspective view of the mixing component of this utility model;

[0043] Figure 24 This is an axial view of the mixing assembly of this utility model;

[0044] Figure 25 This is a radial view showing the assembly relationship between the mixing component and the drive shaft of this utility model.

[0045] Figure 26 This is a perspective view of the assembly relationship between the mixing component and the drive shaft of this utility model;

[0046] Figure 27 This is a flowchart of the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system of this utility model.

[0047] Figure label:

[0048] 1-Support frame; 2-Furnace tube; 3-Baffle ring;

[0049] 4-Drive shaft; 401-Inner tube; 402-Outer tube; 403-Guide support ring; 404-Axial protrusion; 405-Pin; 406-Support ring; 407-First helical drive shaft head; 408-First water inlet furnace tube; 409-Middle shaft connecting water pipe; 410-First connecting pipe; 411-Middle main body; 412-Second connecting pipe; 413-Second water inlet furnace tube; 414-Second helical drive shaft head;

[0050] 5-Furnace shell; 6-First end cover; 7-Second end cover;

[0051] 8-Sliding support unit; 801-Slide rail support beam; 802-First guide rail; 803-First roller; 804-First connecting plate; 805-Base; 806-Support column; 807-Arc-shaped bracket;

[0052] 9-Connecting shaft; 10-L-shaped slide rail connecting plate;

[0053] 11-Sliding lifting unit; 1101-Second guide rail; 1102-Second roller; 1103-Second connecting plate; 1104-Rectangular lifting plate; 1105-Vertical connecting rod; 1106-Compression spring; 1107-Lifting crossbar; 1108-Intermediate lifting eye tube; 1109-Lifting column; 1110-Lifting eye; 1111-Lifting eye bolt;

[0054] 12-Fixed flange;

[0055] 13-First bearing unit; 1301-First connecting part; 1302-First bearing housing; 1303-Thrust bearing; 1304-First radial bearing; 1305-First dynamic sealing assembly; 1306-Second dynamic sealing assembly; 1307-First oil sealing assembly; 1308-First water cooling assembly;

[0056] 14-Second bearing unit; 1401-Second connecting part; 1402-Second bearing housing; 1403-Second radial bearing; 1404-Third dynamic sealing assembly; 1405-Fourth dynamic sealing assembly; 1406-Second oil sealing assembly; 1407-Second water cooling assembly; 1411-Axial sliding space;

[0057] 15-First rotating water connector; 16-Second rotating water connector;

[0058] 17. Mixing assembly; 1701-First clamping sleeve; 1702-Mixing blade; 1703-Main body of mixing blade; 1704-Shovel head; 1705-Connecting ear;

[0059] 18-First top feed inlet; 19-First bottom discharge outlet; 20-First superheated steam inlet; 21-Second superheated steam inlet; 22-First oil and gas outlet;

[0060] 23-Second support frame; 24-Upper furnace tube; 2401-Second bottom discharge port; 2402-Second oil and gas outlet; 2403-Third oil and gas outlet; 2404-Third superheated steam inlet; 2405-Fourth superheated steam inlet; 25-Lower furnace tube; 2501-Second top feed port; 2502-Fourth oil and gas outlet; 2503-Fifth superheated steam inlet; 2504-Sixth superheated steam inlet; 26-Oil and gas connection assembly; 27-Transition connection cavity; 28-Discharge assembly;

[0061] A1 - Raw material feeding belt; A2 - Component storage bin; A3 - Crushing device; A4 - Crushed material conveyor belt; A5 - Crushed material buffer bin; A6 - Crushed material spiral conveyor belt;

[0062] B1 - Superheated steam pyrolysis furnace;

[0063] C1 - Oil and gas catalytic reactor; C2 - Oil and gas processor; C3 - Oil-water separator;

[0064] D1 - Water-cooled conveyor; D2 - Solid material sorting and storage tank; D3 - Solid material conveyor belt;

[0065] E1 - Circulating cooling unit; F1 - Exhaust gas purification unit; G1 - Wastewater treatment unit. Detailed Implementation

[0066] The preferred embodiments of the present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings, which constitute a part of this application and are used together with the embodiments of the present invention to illustrate the principles of the present invention, but are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention.

[0067] The length of existing pyrolysis furnace tubes is generally less than 10 meters, mainly due to two major technical bottlenecks: First, under high-temperature conditions of 900℃, furnace tubes longer than 10 meters will experience significant thermal expansion and a decrease in metal strength, leading to collapse and permanent deformation in the middle of the tube. Second, the drive and stirring devices of the pyrolysis furnace face the problem of thermal expansion difference between the temperature limit of the drive shaft (500-600℃) and the high temperature of the furnace tube (900℃), which not only causes axial / radial displacement conflicts but also leads to the risk of sealing interface failure. These limitations force the industry to adopt a multi-stage short-path reactor series scheme to ensure pyrolysis efficiency. Although this avoids the technical risks of long furnace tubes, it increases system complexity and energy efficiency losses.

[0068] This utility model embodiment discloses a long furnace tube reactor drive shaft 4, the drive shaft 4 is a double tube structure including an inner tube 401 and an outer tube 402, and one or more support rings 406 are arranged axially between the inner tube and the outer tube;

[0069] The inner tube serves as a channel for circulating cooling medium, and the gap between the inner tube and the outer tube is filled with heat-insulating material.

[0070] Preferably, the support ring 406 is made of nano-thermal insulating ceramic.

[0071] Specifically, the inner diameter of the support ring is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer tube. The two sides of the support ring are machined with conical chamfers, the large end of the conical surface matches the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the small end matches the outer diameter of the inner tube.

[0072] Furthermore, the space between the inner tube and the outer tube is filled with nano-insulating ceramics and / or insulating cotton.

[0073] Preferably, both the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are coated with a high-temperature heat-insulating coating.

[0074] It should be noted that the inner pipe is connected to the external cooling water system, and the environment inside the inner pipe is at room temperature.

[0075] Furthermore, the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 are fixedly connected at one end, and slidably connected at the other end through the guide support ring 403.

[0076] It is worth noting that the length of the drive shaft is greater than or equal to 10m.

[0077] On the other hand, a specific embodiment of this utility model discloses a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace B1, such as... Figures 1-3 As shown, it includes furnace tubes, which are connected to a support frame via a support system;

[0078] The support system includes a sliding support unit 8 and a sliding suspension unit 11;

[0079] The furnace tube 2 includes a drive shaft 4, a furnace shell 5 sleeved on the outer periphery of the drive shaft, and a first end cover 6 and a second end cover 7 installed at both ends of the furnace shell 5.

[0080] One end of the furnace tube 2 is fixedly connected to the support frame 1 through the first end cap 6 and the fixing component, and the other end is slidably connected to the support frame 1 through the sliding support unit 8. The middle part of the furnace tube is connected to the support frame 1 through the sliding suspension unit 11.

[0081] The length of existing cracking furnace tubes is generally less than 10 meters, resulting in insufficient residence time and low efficiency in the cracking reaction. In order to improve production capacity and energy efficiency, it is urgent to develop large-size or long furnace tube technology to extend the reaction time of raw materials and improve the cracking yield. However, large-size or long furnace tubes will undergo significant axial and radial expansion due to heating, which will lead to furnace tube deformation, weld cracking or failure of the support structure.

[0082] This utility model adopts a three-in-one support structure of fixed end, sliding support, and elastic suspension: the fixed end provides a stable reference for the furnace tube, suppressing overall swaying under high-temperature conditions; the free end is equipped with a lower sliding support to achieve axial displacement compensation and gravity bearing; and the middle is equipped with a multi-degree-of-freedom elastic suspension system to achieve controllable radial buffering and vibration absorption. Through the triple synergistic mechanism of fixed end positioning constraint, sliding end axial compensation, and elastic suspension radial buffering, thermal stress is effectively released, furnace tube deformation is avoided, and the furnace tube size of the pyrolysis furnace can reach more than 10 meters, allowing for long-term stable operation under high-temperature conditions of 900℃ without problems such as furnace tube deformation or weld cracking.

[0083] In one possible design, the fixing component is a fixing flange 12.

[0084] Specifically, such as Figures 10-12 As shown, the sliding support unit 8 is installed on the lower side of the furnace tube 2, and includes a first sliding support assembly and a furnace tube support assembly installed thereon;

[0085] The first sliding support assembly includes a guide rail base and a first connecting plate that is laterally connected across the guide rail base;

[0086] The guide rail base includes two parallel slide rail support beams 801 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace tube frame. Each slide rail support beam 801 is provided with a first guide rail 802, and each first guide rail 802 is equipped with two or more first rollers 803. The first roller 803 is provided with a connecting shaft 9 on the side facing the furnace tube 2. The connecting shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the vertical connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 by a locking nut. The horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 extends longitudinally along the slide rail support beam.

[0087] The first connecting plate 804 is fixedly installed at both ends on the upper surface of the horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped connecting plate 10 on the same side, and is perpendicular to the two first guide rails 802.

[0088] The furnace tube support assembly includes a base 805 mounted parallel to the upper surface of the first connecting plate, two support columns 806 mounted vertically at both ends of the base 805, and an arc-shaped bracket 807 spanning the tops of the two support columns 806. The outer arc bottom of the arc bracket 807 is connected to the base, and the curvature of the inner arc surface matches the outer diameter of the furnace tube.

[0089] The lower sliding support of the low-friction coefficient guide rail roller mechanism pushes the roller to slide along the guide rail when the furnace tube expands due to heat, avoiding compression or tension on the furnace tube. The slide rail support beam and roller structure can withstand large vertical loads while ensuring axial sliding. The arc-shaped bracket fits in close to the furnace tube, providing stable support and preventing sagging.

[0090] Furthermore, such as Figures 13-15 As shown, the sliding suspension unit includes a second sliding support assembly and an elastic suspension assembly;

[0091] The second sliding support assembly includes a second guide rail base fixed to the upper support frame of the furnace tube and a second connecting plate 1103 that spans laterally;

[0092] The second guide rail base includes two parallel second guide rails 1101 symmetrically installed on the frames on both sides of the furnace tube. Each second guide rail 1101 is equipped with two or more second rollers 1102. The second rollers 1102 are provided with a connecting shaft 9 on the side facing the furnace tube. The connecting shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the vertical connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 by a nut. The horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 extends longitudinally along the second guide rails 1101. The second connecting plate 1103 is a transverse crossover member. Its two ends are respectively fixedly installed on the lower surface of the horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped connecting plate on the same side and perpendicular to the two second guide rails 1101.

[0093] The elastic suspension assembly includes, from top to bottom, a suspension part and a floating support part;

[0094] The suspension part includes a rectangular suspension plate 1104, four vertical connecting rods 1105, and four sets of compression springs 1106. The rectangular suspension plate 1104 is located above and parallel to the second connecting plate 1103. Each of the four corners of the rectangular suspension plate 1104 has a through hole. The upper ends of the four vertical connecting rods 1105 pass through the through holes of the suspension plate 1104 and are fixed with nuts. The lower ends of the vertical connecting rods 1105 pass through the second connecting plate 1103 and are connected to the floating support part. The four sets of compression springs 1106 are respectively sleeved on the vertical connecting rods 1105 and pre-pressed between the suspension plate 1104 and the second connecting plate 1103 to form elastic support.

[0095] The floating support includes two axially arranged crossbars 1107 on both sides of the furnace tube 2, and a central lifting ring tube 1108. The two ends of the crossbars 1107 are hinged to the lower ends of the vertical connecting rods 1105 via lifting ring bolts 1111. The central lifting ring tube 1108 includes an arc-shaped portion covering the bottom of the furnace tube and two upwardly extending lifting columns 1109. The tops of the lifting columns 1109 are fitted with lifting rings 1110 at the middle position of the crossbars 1107 with a clearance fit, forming a floating support. The hinged and clearance fit design of the lifting ring bolts in the floating support, while maintaining necessary constraints, further releases local deformation stress caused by uneven temperature distribution, achieving a balance between overall stability and local flexibility.

[0096] In one possible design, one or more sliding suspension units 11 are provided.

[0097] The elastic lifting unit, through the combination of the second sliding support assembly and the elastic lifting assembly, constructs a composite support system with multi-degree-of-freedom compensation capabilities: the double guide rail-roller mechanism and the L-shaped connecting plate in the second sliding support assembly form a rigid sliding mechanism, constraining the lateral displacement of the furnace tube and realizing axial sliding compensation, ensuring that the furnace tube can move smoothly along the guide rail when heated and elongated; the elastic lifting assembly achieves three-dimensional compensation through a combination of compression springs and floating hinge structures: the suspension part adopts four symmetrically arranged pre-compression spring groups, which provide flexible support in the vertical direction through adjustable spring preload, absorbing vibration energy while preventing the furnace tube from sagging due to gravity; the floating support part, through the hinge design of the lifting eye bolts and the clearance fit of the lifting eye, allows for controllable micro-displacement when the furnace tube expands radially; the hinge fit between the lifting crossbar and the connecting rod forms a passive adjustment mechanism, which achieves local posture adaptive adjustment through the clearance fit between the lifting eye and the crossbar when the furnace tube is heated unevenly, maintaining overall stability and effectively avoiding stress concentration caused by rigid constraints.

[0098] The specific synergistic effects of the second sliding support assembly and the elastic lifting assembly include: the second connecting plate acts as a rigid cross-connector to move synchronously with the guide rails on both sides, while providing a stable mounting base for the elastic lifting assembly below; while absorbing radial thermal stress, the elastic lifting assembly's symmetrically arranged spring-connecting rod system at its four corners evenly transmits the load to the guide rails on both sides through the second connecting plate, avoiding unilateral overload; it not only ensures the guiding accuracy during axial sliding, but also gives the system radial floating capability, enabling the furnace tube to be fully compensated for the complex thermal deformation under high-temperature conditions.

[0099] Furthermore, such as Figure 16 , Figure 17 As shown, the transmission shaft 4 has an inner and outer double tube structure. The transmission shaft 4 includes an inner tube 401 and an outer tube 402. The inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 are fixedly connected at one end and slidably connected at the other end.

[0100] In one possible design, the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 are fixedly connected at one end by a pin 405, and slidably connected at the other end by a guide support ring 403.

[0101] For example, the drive shaft further includes a first bearing unit 13 and a second bearing unit 14 at both ends. The second end cover 7 is located on the sliding connection side between the furnace tube and the frame 1. Preferably, the second end cover 7 is connected to the furnace tube and the second bearing unit 14 via a flange.

[0102] Specifically, such as Figures 18-20 As shown, the inner wall of the guide support ring 403 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner tube 401, and several axial protrusions 404 are evenly distributed around its outer circumference; the inner circumference of the outer tube 402 is correspondingly provided with axial grooves. The axial sliding function is achieved through the guiding fit of the protrusions and grooves, while restricting circumferential rotation.

[0103] The guide support ring 403 forms a sleeve fit with the outer wall of the inner tube 401 through its inner wall, while the axially distributed axial protrusions 404 on its outer wall and the axial grooves on the inner wall of the outer tube 402 form a precision guide pair. In the axial direction, the sliding fit between the protrusions 404 and the grooves allows the inner tube assembly (including the guide support ring 403) to move freely axially relative to the outer tube 402, thereby effectively compensating for the length changes caused by thermal expansion. In the circumferential direction, the meshing contact between the protrusions 404 and the grooves forms a strict circumferential constraint, completely restricting the relative rotation between the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402, thereby ensuring the stability of the force transmission path. This bidirectional motion control mechanism satisfies the axial degree of freedom requirements under thermal expansion conditions and ensures the structural rigidity during torque transmission.

[0104] It is worth noting that, such as Figure 21 As shown, the space between the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 is filled with nano-insulating ceramic and / or insulating cotton, and one or more support rings 406 are arranged along the axial direction; the support rings 406 are made of nano-insulating ceramic.

[0105] Preferably, both the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are coated with a high-temperature heat-insulating coating.

[0106] The drive shaft 4 adopts a double-tube structure. The inner tube 401 is circulated with a cooling medium to maintain a suitable operating temperature. Simultaneously, heat insulation material is filled between the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402. This ensures that the outer tube maintains a high temperature matching the operating temperature of the pyrolysis furnace, avoiding unnecessary heat loss, while also ensuring the cooling effect of the inner tube. To address the resulting thermal expansion due to the temperature difference between the inner and outer tubes, a composite structure is used, with one end fixed and the other connected via a transmission gear. The fixed end ensures the stability of torque transmission, while the gear connection allows for relative axial displacement between the inner and outer tubes, thus adaptively compensating for the expansion difference caused by temperature variations. This ensures reliable operation of the transmission system while resolving the thermal deformation coordination problem of the double-tube structure under high temperature difference conditions.

[0107] Furthermore, the inner diameter of the support ring 406 is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer tube. The two sides of the support ring are machined with conical chamfers. The large end of the conical surface matches the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the small end matches the outer diameter of the inner tube, so as to achieve a smooth transition, avoid stress concentration, reduce the risk of microcracks, and improve fatigue resistance.

[0108] Furthermore, such as Figure 3 , Figure 6 As shown, the inner tube 401 includes a first spiral drive shaft head 407, a first water inlet furnace tube 408, a middle shaft connecting water tube 409, a second water inlet furnace tube 413, and a second spiral drive shaft head 414, which are inserted in sequence. The first water inlet furnace tube 408, the second water inlet furnace tube 413, and the middle shaft connecting water tube 409 are fixedly connected along the circumference after being inserted.

[0109] The inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 are connected by axially spaced nano-insulating ceramic support rings 406 to form a composite support structure. The inner diameter of the support ring 406 is precisely matched with the outer wall of the inner tube 401, and the outer diameter is tightly fitted with the inner wall of the outer tube 402. The chamfered design of the two sides of the support ring (the large end matches the inner diameter of the outer tube, and the small end matches the outer diameter of the inner tube) achieves a smooth transition. The support ring 406 is sleeved on the outside of the combined inner tube, which is composed of the first spiral drive shaft head 407, the first water inlet furnace tube 408, the middle shaft connecting water pipe 409, the second water inlet furnace tube 413, and the second spiral drive shaft head 414. Together with the nano-insulating ceramic and / or insulation cotton filling the space between the tubes, it forms a three-dimensional thermal insulation support system with axial thermal displacement compensation capability. The conical transition structure effectively disperses stress.

[0110] Preferably, such as Figure 22 As shown, the central shaft-connected water pipe 409 includes a central main body 411 and two end first connecting pipes 410 and second connecting pipes 412, which form an interference fit with the first and second water inlet boiler pipes. The outer diameter of the central main body 411 is the same as the outer diameter of the water inlet boiler pipe to ensure the continuity of the flow channel.

[0111] In one possible design, the inlet boiler pipe is plugged into the central shaft water pipe 409 and then fixedly connected along the circumference by a pin 405.

[0112] The drive shaft adopts a segmented structure, which can effectively reduce the risk of overall deformation and vibration of the long shaft, and compensate for thermal expansion through flexible connections when rotating at high speed or changing temperature, thereby improving the stability and reliability of the transmission system.

[0113] Specifically, such as Figure 4 As shown, the free end of the first helical drive shaft head 407 passes through the first end cover 6 and is fixed in position between the first bearing unit 13 and the first end cover 6; the free end of the second helical drive shaft head 414 passes through the second end cover 7 and is slidably connected between the second bearing unit 14 and the second end cover 7.

[0114] For example, the free end of the first helical drive shaft head 407 is connected to an external water cooling system through a first rotating water pipe 15; the free end of the second helical drive shaft head 414 is connected to an external water cooling system through a second rotating water pipe 16.

[0115] Specifically, the first bearing unit 13 includes a first connecting part 1301 fixedly connected to the first end cover 6, and a first bearing seat 1302 rigidly connected to the first connecting part 1301;

[0116] A thrust bearing 1303 and a first radial bearing 1304 are arranged sequentially in the first bearing housing 1302. The thrust bearing 1303 is located on the side near the end cap, and the first radial bearing 1304 is located on the side near the free end of the shaft head.

[0117] The first radial bearing 1304 is provided with a first dynamic sealing component 1305 and a second dynamic sealing component 1306 on both sides, wherein the first dynamic sealing component 1305 is located on the side near the end cap, and the outer ring of the first radial bearing 1304 is provided with a first oil sealing component 1307.

[0118] The specific connection relationship between the free end of the first helical drive shaft head 407 and the first bearing unit 13 is as follows: After the first helical drive shaft head 407 passes through the first end cover 6, its axial position is fixed by the first bearing unit 13. The first connecting part 1301 of the first bearing unit 13 is rigidly fixed to the first end cover 6 and forms a support frame through the first bearing seat 1302. The first helical drive shaft head 407 is bidirectionally positioned in the bearing seat by a thrust bearing 1303 (near the end cover side) and a first radial bearing 1304 (near the free end side). The thrust bearing 1303 bears the axial load, and the first radial bearing 1304 constrains the radial displacement. The first dynamic sealing component 1305 (near the end cover side) and the second dynamic sealing component 1306 (near the free end side) are respectively provided on both sides of the first bearing unit 13 to form a double dynamic seal. At the same time, the first oil sealing component 1307 configured on the outer ring of the first radial bearing 1304 achieves the sealing of the lubricating medium. The free end of the first helical drive shaft head 407 is connected to the external water cooling system through the first rotating water pipe 15.

[0119] Furthermore, such as Figure 5 As shown, the second bearing unit 14 includes a second connecting part 1401 fixedly connected to the second end cover 7, and a second bearing seat 1402 rigidly connected to the second connecting part 1401; a second radial bearing 1403 is provided inside the second bearing seat 1402, and a third dynamic sealing assembly 1404 and a fourth dynamic sealing assembly 1405 are respectively provided on both sides of the second radial bearing 1402, wherein the third dynamic sealing assembly 1404 is located on the side near the end cover, and a second oil sealing assembly 1406 is provided on the outer ring of the second radial bearing 1403.

[0120] An axial sliding space 1411 is provided between the installation position of the third dynamic sealing component 1404 and the joint of the second water inlet tube 413 and the second spiral drive shaft head 414, allowing the second water inlet tube 413 and the inner tube 401 to generate axial relative displacement in this interval.

[0121] The specific connection relationship between the free end of the second helical drive shaft head 414 and the second bearing unit 14 is as follows: After the second helical drive shaft head 414 passes through the second end cover 7, its axial position is slidably connected through the second bearing unit 14. The second connecting part 1401 of the second bearing unit 14 is rigidly fixed to the second end cover 7 and forms a support frame through the second bearing seat 1402. The second helical drive shaft head 414 is radially positioned and constrained in the bearing seat through the second radial bearing 1403. Third dynamic sealing components are respectively provided on both sides of the bearing. 1404 (near the end cap side) and the fourth dynamic sealing assembly 1405 (near the free end side) form a double dynamic seal, while the second oil sealing assembly 1406 configured on the outer ring of the second radial bearing 1403 achieves lubrication medium sealing; an axial sliding space 1411 is reserved between the third dynamic sealing assembly 1404 and the joint of the second water inlet furnace pipe 413 / screw drive shaft head 414, so that the second water inlet furnace pipe can be axially displaced relative to the inner pipe 401; the free end of the second screw drive shaft head 414 is connected to the external water cooling system through the second rotating water pipe 16.

[0122] It should be noted that a first water-cooling assembly 1308 is provided on the outer periphery of the first bearing housing 1302 corresponding to the installation position of the thrust bearing 1303, including a first water-cooling ring pipe that is coaxially surrounded and a first cooling water inlet and a first cooling water outlet connected thereto.

[0123] The second bearing housing 1402 is provided with a second water-cooling assembly 1407 on its outer periphery, including a second water-cooling ring pipe that is coaxially surrounded and a second cooling water inlet and a second cooling water outlet connected thereto.

[0124] The cooling area of ​​the second water-cooled ring pipe 1408 covers the shaft segment corresponding to the axial sliding space 1411 between the inner and outer pipes.

[0125] This utility model's sealing and cooling system employs a synergistic design of multi-stage dynamic sealing and zoned directional cooling. For sealing, the first bearing unit utilizes a first dynamic sealing component on the thrust bearing side and first and second dynamic sealing components on both sides of the radial bearing, working in conjunction with a first oil seal component on the outer ring of the radial bearing to form a triple-seal protection. The second bearing unit features third and fourth dynamic sealing components on both sides of the radial bearing, working in conjunction with the second oil seal component to form a triple-seal system. An axial sliding space is provided between the third dynamic sealing component and the shaft head joint, achieving a dual improvement in sealing reliability and axial displacement compensation capability. For cooling, a dual-circulation independent cooling system is used. The first water-cooling component on the outer periphery of the first bearing housing precisely cools the high-heat area of ​​the thrust bearing through a coaxially surrounding first water-cooling ring pipe. The second water-cooling ring pipe on the outer periphery of the second bearing housing specifically covers the corresponding shaft section within the sliding space of the inner and outer tubes, significantly improving cooling efficiency and effectively preventing cross-contamination between cooling water and lubricating oil. This solves the sealing and cooling challenges under conditions of high temperature differences and large axial displacement.

[0126] When the drive shaft rotates at high speed, the sealing system achieves reliable protection through the synergistic effect of multi-stage dynamic sealing and axial compensation: the first dynamic sealing component on the thrust bearing side and the double dynamic sealing components on both sides of the radial bearing form a triple sealing barrier, which, together with the oil sealing component, constitutes a complete fluid barrier; at the same time, the axial sliding space design allows the sealing components to adaptively adjust to the thermal expansion or mechanical displacement of the shaft system, maintaining a stable sealing contact pressure while avoiding seal failure caused by axial movement. The elastic sealing structure automatically compensates for radial runout under high-speed conditions, and the multi-stage sealing rings sequentially attenuate the lubricating oil pressure gradient, ultimately completely blocking the leakage path through the oil sealing component, ensuring that the lubrication system is completely isolated from the external environment, and achieving long-term sealing under high-speed and large axial displacement conditions.

[0127] The design of this sealing system, in conjunction with the sliding structure of the drive shaft, enables reliable operation under high-temperature conditions. A rigid sealing structure is used at the fixed end to ensure torque transmission stability, while the sliding end uses a floating dynamic sealing component in conjunction with the axial sliding space, allowing the sealing system to adapt to the thermal expansion displacement of the drive shaft. At the same time, a directional cooling system is integrated to control the temperature of key parts to maintain sealing performance and to ensure smooth axial movement by cooling the sliding area. This forms a complete integrated solution of rigid fixing, flexible sliding, dynamic sealing, and precise cooling, effectively solving the sealing failure and movement jamming problems that are prone to occur in traditional structures under high-temperature and large-displacement conditions.

[0128] Under high-temperature operating conditions, the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace achieves effective absorption of thermal expansion and stress release through a multi-degree-of-freedom compensation and collaborative working mechanism of the composite support system, inner tube, and outer tube sliding support ends: When the furnace tube expands due to heat, the first bearing unit 13 at the fixed end provides a reference positioning, and the second bearing unit 14 at the free end allows the second helical drive shaft head 414 to move axially through the axial sliding space 1411; at the same time, the first roller 803 of the lower sliding support unit slides smoothly along the first guide rail 802, driving the arc-shaped bracket 807 to follow the support, ensuring the furnace tube can freely extend axially; the radial expansion is absorbed by the deformation of the compression spring 1106 of the elastic suspension system and the elastic yielding of the nano-insulating ceramic support ring 406, and the intermediate suspension ring tube 1108 adapts to the radial deformation of the furnace tube; the convex-groove structure of the guide support ring 403 always maintains radial positioning accuracy during axial sliding, while the suspension hinge mechanism can compensate for ±1.5° angle deflection. The entire system achieves multi-degree-of-freedom compensation in the axial, radial, and angular directions through a triple collaborative mechanism of "fixed end constraint - sliding end compensation - elastic suspension buffer".

[0129] Furthermore, such as Figures 23-26 As shown, one or more mixing components 17 are installed axially on the outer periphery of the outer tube 402; each mixing component 17 includes two 180° split clamping sleeves, which are symmetrically fastened to form a complete ring structure, and are radially fixed by bolts through connecting ears 1705 extending from both ends of the clamping sleeve; the clamping sleeve includes a first clamping sleeve 1701 and a second clamping sleeve.

[0130] Preferably, each of the first clamping sleeves 1701 has two circumferentially symmetrically arranged stirring blades 1702. Each stirring blade includes a stirring blade body 1703 and a shovel head 1704, with their central axes forming a fixed angle of 120°. The center lines of the two stirring blade body parts on the same first clamping sleeve are distributed at a circumferential angle of 90°, and the center line of each stirring blade body part maintains a 30° phase angle with the center line of the adjacent connecting ear 1705. It can be understood that on a single first clamping sleeve, the circumferential angle between the center line of the stirring blade body and the center line of the adjacent connecting ear is 30°.

[0131] For example, each of the second clamping sleeves is provided with a stirring blade, and the center line of the main body of the stirring blade on the second clamping sleeve is at a 90° phase angle with the center line of the connecting ear.

[0132] Two first clamping sleeves interlock to form a mixing assembly including four mixing blades; two second clamping sleeves interlock to form a mixing assembly including two mixing blades; one first clamping sleeve and one second clamping sleeve interlock to form a mixing assembly including three mixing blades; preferably, the mixing assembly with an appropriate number of mixing blades is selected according to the material type and the different reaction stages of the furnace tube.

[0133] Preferably, the axial distance between adjacent mixing components is ≥200mm.

[0134] It is worth noting that the drive shaft is provided with baffle rings 3 between the first end cover, the second end cover and the mixing assembly to prevent material leakage along the axial direction.

[0135] Furthermore, the mixing blades of adjacent mixing components are arranged with a phase difference of 1° to 45°, that is, the pushing angle is 1° to 45°. It can be understood that in two adjacent mixing components, the mixing blades at the same position are staggered by 1° to 45° in the circumferential direction, which can effectively avoid dead zones in material flow and achieve continuous mixing.

[0136] Compared with traditional screw-driven methods, this invention, employing a multi-phase-difference arrangement of mixing components, offers significant advantages. Firstly, the discrete mixing blade structure reduces starting torque, and the individually replaceable mixing component design lowers maintenance costs. Secondly, the split-type clamping sleeve design allows for thermal expansion displacement, solving the problem of thermal deformation compensation, making it particularly suitable for high-temperature conditions. Thirdly, the split-type clamping sleeve design allows for convenient combination of different clamping sleeves to dynamically adjust the number of mixing blades along the reactor axis according to the material reaction stage (e.g., a 90° intersecting 4-blade layout at the inlet). Combined with the phase difference between adjacent mixing components and the angle design of the shovel head, this achieves more efficient radial material mixing, eliminates flow dead zones, and significantly improves the uniformity of material heating.

[0137] Furthermore, the furnace shell 5 is provided with a heating assembly, including either an electromagnetic induction system or a resistance heating system; the electromagnetic induction system includes an electromagnetic induction tube surrounding the outer periphery of the furnace shell and a matching power supply; the resistance heating system includes a resistance heating sleeve covering the outer periphery of the furnace shell.

[0138] Preferably, the furnace tube can also be a combustion heating system, with a gas burner installed inside the furnace tube and gas supplied for heating through an external gas pipeline.

[0139] Preferably, different heating systems can be used in combination, with the electromagnetic induction system and the resistance heating system working together to achieve rapid heating, and the combustion heating system used to maintain steady-state operating conditions.

[0140] For example, such as Figure 1 As shown, the furnace tube also includes a first top feed inlet 18, a first bottom discharge inlet 19, a first superheated steam inlet 20, a second superheated steam inlet 21, and a first oil and gas outlet 22. The first top feed inlet 18 is located at the top of the connection end between the furnace tube and the sliding support unit 8. The first bottom discharge inlet 19 and the first oil and gas outlet 22 are located at the bottom and top of the fixed connection end between the furnace tube and the frame 1, respectively. The first superheated steam inlet 20 is located at the top of the feed section of the furnace tube. The second superheated steam inlet 21 is located at the top of the middle section of the furnace tube.

[0141] The first half of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace tubes is designed for rapid heating. The electromagnetic induction tubes around the furnace shell are arranged with a dense number of turns to ensure that the furnace shell temperature is stable at 900°C. A stirring assembly with four stirring blades and a pushing angle of 20°~25° is used, and the drive shaft rotates at 80-120 rpm. The material is preheated uniformly through rapid stirring. During this stage, since the material has not been pyrolyzed, the amount of superheated steam injected is less than 5% of the rated steam volume or no superheated steam is injected.

[0142] The rated steam volume is determined based on the type of material to be processed.

[0143] In the latter half of the furnace tube, the material temperature rises to above 450℃, entering the pyrolysis stage. The heat absorption demand decreases, so the number of electromagnetic induction tubes around the outer perimeter of the furnace shell becomes sparser, and the furnace shell temperature is maintained at 850℃. A stirring assembly including 2 to 3 stirring blades is used to push the material to the discharge port for the next stage of processing. In this stage, the superheated steam injection rate is 30% to 70% of the rated steam rate, depending on the material type.

[0144] The superheated steam has a temperature of over 500°C. When the temperature inside the furnace shell is over 800°C, the superheated steam reacts with carbon to generate a large amount of hydrogen and carbon monoxide reducing mixed gas. This mixed gas flows in the opposite direction to the material movement and mixes with the cracked gas and material in the furnace tube feed section. This removes organic bromides from the cracked gas and also increases the proportion of small molecule cracked oil in the cracked gas.

[0145] It should be noted that when the material to be processed is a circuit board, superheated steam of the rated steam volume must be injected. The amount of superheated steam injected is adjusted according to the properties of the material. Materials that are difficult to crack or have a large average particle size require more steam to ensure more complete cracking. The latter half of the furnace tube is the material cracking zone, and the amount of superheated steam injected is greater than that in the material preheating zone of the feed section furnace tube to increase the amount of carbon-water reaction and the proportion of hydrogen, which facilitates the removal of harmful substances and conditioning after mixing with the cracked gas.

[0146] This utility model of a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace adopts a synergistic process of front-stage high-temperature pyrolysis and rear-stage steam thermal decomposition: the front-stage furnace tubes are heated to 900℃ by electromagnetic induction, causing deep pyrolysis of the material to generate small-molecule hydrocarbons; the rear-stage furnace tubes are circulated with superheated steam above 500℃, which reacts with the pyrolysis residue carbon to produce a large amount of high-temperature reducing gas (H2 / CO); these reducing gases flow back to the front-stage pyrolysis zone, providing a reducing environment for the pyrolysis reaction and inhibiting the formation of harmful substances such as dioxins. On the other hand, H2 can participate in the dehalogenation reaction of the pyrolysis gas, such as debromination, while CO can promote the secondary pyrolysis of the pyrolysis oil, increasing the proportion of small-molecule components in the products. Ultimately, this achieves an integrated synergistic effect of pyrolysis-purification-conditioning, significantly improving the pyrolysis efficiency of the pyrolysis furnace.

[0147] In one possible design, the furnace tube processing temperature is 900℃, and the superheated steam pyrolysis process is as follows:

[0148] PVC molecular structure: [-CH2-CHCl-] n

[0149] Thermal decomposition: [-CH2] + [-CHCl-]

[0150] Decomposition and displacement reactions:

[0151] C+H2O(g)→CO(g)+H2(g)

[0152] CHCl + H₂ → HCl + C x H y

[0153] Preferably, the drive motor of the transmission shaft is installed on the fixed connection side between the furnace tube and the frame.

[0154] A specific embodiment of this utility model also discloses a multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace, such as... Figures 7-9 As shown, the multi-stage superheated steam cracking furnace includes an upper furnace tube 24 and a lower furnace tube 25 arranged vertically and parallel within a second support frame 23; the second bottom discharge port 2401 of the upper furnace tube 24 and the second top discharge port 2501 of the lower furnace tube are connected by a discharge assembly 28, and the two are aligned at the center on the vertical projection plane; the upper furnace tube 24 and the lower furnace tube 25 are fixedly connected to the second support frame 23 on the interconnected side, and are respectively connected to the second support frame by sliding support units 8 at their free ends; the middle parts of the upper furnace tube and the lower furnace tube are both connected to the second support frame 23 by sliding lifting units 11.

[0155] Specifically, the second support frame is a double-layer structure, including an upper frame and a lower frame; the upper frame carries the upper furnace tube and cooperates with the free end of the upper furnace tube through a sliding support unit; the lower frame carries the lower furnace tube and cooperates with the free end of the lower furnace tube through a sliding support unit.

[0156] The upper furnace tube 24 and lower furnace tube 25 adopt the same furnace tube structure as the furnace tube 2. The second bottom material inlet 2401 of the upper furnace tube 24 is connected to the second top material inlet 2501 of the lower furnace tube 25 through the material inlet assembly 28, forming a continuous process flow. Preferably, the upper furnace tube 24 further includes a second oil and gas outlet 2402 located at the top of the fixed end of the upper furnace tube 24 and a third oil and gas outlet 2403 located in the middle of the axial direction of the upper furnace tube. The lower furnace tube 25 further includes a fourth oil and gas outlet 2502 located in the middle of the axial direction of the lower furnace tube. The fourth oil and gas outlet 2502 and the third oil and gas outlet 2403 are connected by an oil and gas communication assembly 26. The oil and gas communication assembly 26 includes an oil and gas port connecting pipe and a connecting pipe expansion joint communicating with the furnace shell of the upper furnace tube. The furnace shell of the upper furnace tube is provided with an annular expansion section at the communication with the oil and gas communication assembly, forming a transition connection cavity 27.

[0157] In one possible design, the fourth oil and gas outlet adopts a four-way structure, with the first interface connected to the lower furnace tube shell, the second interface connected to the oil and gas communication component, and the third and fourth interfaces respectively connected to the external oil and gas transmission pipelines.

[0158] Preferably, the material feeding assembly 28 includes upper and lower furnace tube expansion joints.

[0159] The upper furnace tube also includes a third superheated steam inlet 2404 located at the top of the upper furnace tube feeding section and a fourth superheated steam inlet 2405 located at the top of the middle section of the upper furnace tube; the lower furnace tube also includes a fifth superheated steam inlet 2503 located at the top of the lower furnace tube feeding section and a sixth superheated steam inlet 2504 located at the top of the middle section of the lower furnace tube.

[0160] For difficult-to-process electronic waste, using a multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace can provide a longer residence time, ensuring a complete reaction.

[0161] In one possible design, the second support frame comprises two parallel rectangular frames with identical structures, the upper rectangular frame used to fix the upper furnace tube and the lower rectangular frame used to fix the lower furnace tube.

[0162] Preferably, the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace further includes a thermal insulation layer covering the outer periphery of the frame.

[0163] On the other hand, a specific embodiment of this utility model also discloses an electronic waste pyrolysis processing system, such as... Figure 27 As shown, it includes a raw material processing unit, a continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit connected to the raw material processing unit via a feeding unit, and an oil and gas processing unit and a discharge sorting unit respectively connected to the oil and gas output end and the solid output end of the superheated steam pyrolysis unit.

[0164] The continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit includes one of superheated steam pyrolysis furnace B1 or a multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace, a superheated steam distribution system, and a gas heating system.

[0165] The superheated steam distribution system is located within the thermal insulation layer of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace, and includes a first superheated steam preheating main pipe and a second superheated steam preheating main pipe surrounding the outer wall of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace; one end of the first steam preheating main pipe is connected to an external water supply or steam supply main pipe, and the other end is connected to a first steam inlet or a third steam inlet or a fifth steam inlet respectively through a pipe; one end of the second steam preheating main pipe is connected to an external water supply or steam supply main pipe, and the other end is connected to a second steam inlet or a fourth steam inlet or a sixth steam inlet respectively through a pipe;

[0166] The gas heating system includes burners connected to an external gas main.

[0167] When the continuous superheated steam cracking unit is in operation: the raw material enters the cracking furnace through the feeding unit; the gas system heats the furnace tubes by burning external gas through burners; and the waste heat of the flue gas in the furnace tubes is used to heat the first superheated steam preheating main pipe and the second superheated steam preheating main pipe, so that the temperature of the superheated steam in the preheating main pipe is higher than 500°C; the cracking products in the cracking furnace include gas phase cracking gas and solid phase residue, wherein the gas phase cracking gas enters the subsequent oil and gas treatment unit, and the solid phase residue enters the subsequent discharge sorting unit.

[0168] Furthermore, the raw material processing unit includes a raw material feeding belt A1, a component storage bin A2, a crushing device A3, a crushed material conveyor belt A4, a crushed material buffer bin A5, and a crushed material spiral conveyor belt A6 connected in sequence.

[0169] The raw material feeding belt is a closed conveyor belt equipped with a magnetic separator and a manual sorting station for separating transformers, coils and radiators. The sorted materials are then transported to the component storage bin. The crushing device is a fully enclosed crusher with metal separation, dust collection and material grading functions, and the crushed particle size is controlled within 20mm. The crushed material is transported to the crushed material buffer bin via the crushed material conveyor belt for temporary storage, and is finally transported to the feeding system by the crushed material screw conveyor belt.

[0170] For example, the feeding system includes a feeding hopper, a feeding upper sealing valve, a feeding intermediate tank, a feeding lower sealing valve, and a feeding buffer tank connected in sequence. When the feeding system is running: the feeding lower sealing valve is closed, and the material processed by the raw material handling unit is fed into the feeding hopper by a crushed material screw conveyor belt; the feeding upper sealing valve is opened, and the material enters the feeding intermediate tank; then the feeding upper sealing valve is closed, and nitrogen is introduced into the feeding intermediate tank to replace the air inside; finally, the lower sealing valve is opened, and the material enters the feeding buffer tank.

[0171] The feeding system ensures that no oxygen permeates into the superheated steam cracking unit and prevents air from entering the reactor tubes by alternating opening and closing of dual valves and nitrogen protection. Continuous and sealed feeding is achieved through the replacement of nitrogen with a sealed valve group.

[0172] Furthermore, the oil and gas treatment unit includes an oil and gas outlet pipe, an oil and gas catalytic reactor C1, an oil and gas processor C2, an oil-water separator C3, and an oil purifier connected in sequence; the catalyst in the oil and gas catalytic reactor is a ceramic nickel-iron alloy. During operation, the high-temperature pyrolysis gas enters the oil and gas catalytic reactor from the continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit via the oil and gas outlet pipe, undergoes debromination by the ceramic nickel-iron catalyst, and then enters the oil-water separator after separation and purification by the oil and gas processor. In the oil-water separator, the pyrolysis gas is separated into light oil, fuel gas, and wastewater. The fuel gas is reused for combustion and heating in the continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit, and the light oil is stored in an external oil tank. The oil and gas treatment unit achieves both resource recovery and harmless treatment of the pyrolysis gas.

[0173] Preferably, the discharge sorting unit includes a water-cooled conveying system and a sorting system connected in sequence.

[0174] Specifically, the water-cooled conveying system is connected to the solid output end of the continuous superheated steam cracking unit, and includes a discharge pipe, a water-cooled tank, a gate valve, a discharge upper sealing valve, a discharge intermediate tank, a discharge lower sealing valve, and a water-cooled conveyor D1 connected in sequence. The output end of the water-cooled conveyor is connected to the sorting system. During operation of the discharge system: the high-temperature solid residue after the reaction enters the water-cooled tank through the discharge pipe for cooling, and then enters the discharge intermediate tank through the gate valve and the discharge upper sealing valve. Nitrogen gas is introduced into the discharge intermediate tank to replace the air inside the tank. After this process, the discharge lower sealing valve is opened, and the material enters the water-cooled conveyor. The water-cooled conveying system, through a three-stage sealing and cooling design, ensures the safe discharge of high-temperature materials without gas leakage.

[0175] The feeding and discharging systems of this invention adopt a dual-valve + nitrogen replacement sealing structure (upper sealing valve - intermediate tank - lower sealing valve), which solves the oxidation and safety risks caused by air infiltration during feeding / discharging in traditional pyrolysis furnaces.

[0176] For example, the sorting system includes a solid sorting and storage tank D2 and a solid conveyor belt D3 connected to a water-cooled conveying system; the water-cooled conveying system sends the solid reaction products into the reaction solid sorting and storage tank for sorting, and then the solid conveyor belt separates the metal from glass fiber, carbon black, etc.; the separated glass fiber, carbon black, etc. are sent to an external glass fiber and carbon black collection device for storage; the separated metal is briquetteed by a briquetting machine for further processing.

[0177] Furthermore, the electronic waste pyrolysis system also includes a metal smelting unit, an exhaust gas purification unit F1, and a wastewater treatment unit G1. The metal smelting unit includes a metal smelting furnace, where the briquetted metal is smelted. The exhaust gas generated during the smelting process is purified in the exhaust gas purification unit. Preferably, the metal smelting furnace is a blower furnace, which can generate a large amount of fuel oil and gas using this system, achieving resource recycling.

[0178] Preferably, the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system further includes a circulating cooling unit E1, which provides circulating cooling water for the water-cooled tanks, moving parts, and sealing of the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system.

[0179] Specifically, the electronic waste pyrolysis system also includes a control system.

[0180] Furthermore, the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system also includes: a temperature measurement system installed at key nodes of the reactor, including at least three temperature measurement points: the furnace tube inlet, the pyrolysis section, and the oil and gas outlet; a pressure measurement system distributed in the gas and solid phase pipelines, including high-temperature pressure sensors; and the measurement system and control system, which adjust the pyrolysis process parameters in real time.

[0181] For example, the operation process of the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system is as follows:

[0182] Raw materials are fed via a closed conveyor belt. After passing through a magnetic separator and manual sorting station to separate transformers, coils, and radiators, the sorted materials are conveyed to the component storage bin. The remaining material enters a fully enclosed crusher for crushing, during which metal separation, dust collection, and material grading are achieved, and the crushed particle size is controlled within a set range. The crushed material is then temporarily stored in a crushed material buffer bin via a closed conveyor system, and subsequently fed into the feeding system by a screw conveyor belt. During feeding, the lower sealing valve is closed, and the material enters the intermediate feeding tank through the upper sealing valve. Then, the upper sealing valve is closed, and nitrogen is introduced to replace the air. The lower sealing valve is then opened to allow the material to enter the feeding buffer tank, and finally, it is sent to the pyrolysis furnace.

[0183] During operation of the pyrolysis furnace, the gas system heats the furnace tubes by burning external gas through burners, while simultaneously utilizing the waste heat from the flue gas in the furnace tubes to heat the superheated steam system, ensuring that the superheated steam in the preheating main pipe reaches the required temperature. The pyrolysis products are separated into gaseous pyrolysis gas and solid residue. The gaseous pyrolysis gas enters the subsequent oil and gas processing unit, while the solid residue is discharged through a discharge pipe into a water-cooled tank for cooling. Subsequently, it passes through a gate valve and sealing valve system into an intermediate discharge tank. After nitrogen purging to replace the air, the material enters the water-cooled conveyor. The water-cooled conveying system employs a multi-stage sealing and cooling design to ensure the safe discharge of high-temperature materials without gas leakage.

[0184] The cooled solid residue is conveyed to a sorting system, where metals are separated from non-metallic materials such as glass fiber and carbon black in a reaction solids sorting and storage tank. The separated glass fiber and carbon black are stored in an external collection device, while the metal is briquetteed and then transported to the metal smelting unit for melting. Waste gas generated during the smelting process is treated in an waste gas purification unit, and the fuel oil and fuel gas generated by the system can be recycled. In addition, a circulating cooling unit provides circulating cooling water for water-cooled tanks, moving equipment cooling, and sealing systems, ensuring stable system operation.

[0185] It should be noted that the energy cycle design of this utility model's electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system includes: First, employing furnace tube flue gas waste heat recovery technology, high-temperature flue gas waste heat is converted into superheated steam above 500°C and reused in the pyrolysis reaction through first and second superheated steam pipes arranged around the furnace body, achieving primary energy cycle; Second, after the combustible fuel gas produced by pyrolysis is treated by the purification unit, a portion of the high-quality fuel gas is returned to the pyrolysis furnace burner through pipelines as auxiliary fuel to supplement heating, forming a secondary energy closed loop of pyrolysis-purification-reuse; Finally, the remaining purified fuel gas is transported to the metal smelting furnace as the main heat source, which not only meets the high-temperature requirements of the smelting process but also realizes cross-system energy transfer from pyrolysis products to smelting energy. This significantly improves the internal energy utilization rate of the system and effectively reduces dependence on external energy.

[0186] On the other hand, a specific embodiment of this utility model also discloses a method for improving the pyrolysis efficiency of a pyrolysis furnace, which is carried out in a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace with a furnace tube length ≥10m. The furnace tube is divided into a feeding section, a middle section and a discharging section, wherein the feeding section accounts for 15%-20% of the total length of the furnace tube and the middle section accounts for 50%-60%. Superheated steam is introduced into the furnace tube in sections, and the steam flow rate of the feeding section is controlled to be 0-8% of that of the middle section.

[0187] In summary, this invention achieves comprehensive thermal deformation compensation and stable operation of a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace under high-temperature conditions through multi-system collaborative design: the furnace tubes adopt a composite structure of sliding support units and elastic suspension units, and through the ingenious combination of rigid guide rails and flexible suspension, simultaneously solves the requirements for axial sliding compensation and radial elastic support; the inner and outer double-tube drive shafts, through differentiated temperature control design of inner and outer tubes and end composite connection mechanism, adaptively compensate for temperature difference deformation while ensuring torque transmission; the sealing system integrates the advantages of rigid fixed ends and flexible sliding ends, and forms dynamic sealing protection with directional cooling. Through the collaborative mechanism of "fixed constraint-sliding compensation-elastic buffer", the axial / radial thermal stress of large-size furnace tubes under high temperature is fully released, the transmission system maintains stable transmission under temperature difference conditions, and the sealing components adapt to large displacement sliding requirements, realizing multi-degree-of-freedom compensation of high-temperature equipment, effectively overcoming the technical bottlenecks such as deformation, cracking, and sealing failure that occur in traditional pyrolysis furnaces during long-term high-temperature operation.

[0188] The superheated steam pyrolysis furnace of this utility model will be described in detail below with reference to specific embodiments.

[0189] Example 1

[0190] This embodiment provides a drive shaft for a long furnace tube reactor.

[0191] A superheated steam cracking furnace B1 is a long furnace tube reactor, including a furnace tube with a length of 10m. The furnace tube 2 includes a drive shaft 4, a furnace shell 5 sleeved on the outer periphery of the drive shaft, and a first end cover 6 and a second end cover 7 installed at both ends of the furnace shell 5.

[0192] The drive shaft 4 has a double-tube structure, including an inner tube 401 and an outer tube 402. One end of the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 are fixedly connected by a pin 405, and the other end is slidably connected by a guide support ring 403.

[0193] The drive shaft also includes a first bearing unit 13 and a second bearing unit 14 at both ends. The second end cover 7 is located on the sliding connection side between the furnace tube and the frame 1. Preferably, the second end cover 7 is connected to the furnace tube and the second bearing unit 14 via a flange.

[0194] The inner wall of the guide support ring 403 is sleeved on the outer side of the inner tube 401, and several axial protrusions 404 are evenly distributed around its outer circumference; the inner circumference of the outer tube 402 is correspondingly provided with axial grooves. The axial sliding function is achieved through the guiding fit of the protrusions and grooves, while restricting circumferential rotation.

[0195] The space between the inner tube 401 and the outer tube 402 is filled with nano-insulating ceramic and / or insulating cotton, and one or more support rings 406 are arranged along the axial direction; the support rings 406 are made of nano-insulating ceramic.

[0196] Both the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are coated with high-temperature heat-insulating paint.

[0197] The inner diameter of the support ring 406 is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer tube. The two sides of the support ring are machined with conical chamfers, with the large end of the conical surface matching the inner diameter of the outer tube and the small end matching the outer diameter of the inner tube.

[0198] The inner tube 401 includes a first spiral drive shaft head 407, a first water inlet furnace tube 408, a central shaft connecting water tube 409, a second water inlet furnace tube 413, and a second spiral drive shaft head 414, which are inserted in sequence. The first water inlet furnace tube 408, the second water inlet furnace tube 413, and the central shaft connecting water tube 409 are fixedly connected along the circumference after being inserted.

[0199] The central shaft-connected water pipe 409 includes a central main body 411 and two end first connecting pipes 410 and second connecting pipes 412, which form an interference fit with the first and second water inlet boiler pipes. The outer diameter of the central main body 411 is the same as the outer diameter of the water inlet boiler pipe to ensure the continuity of the flow channel.

[0200] The free end of the first helical drive shaft head 407 passes through the first end cover 6 and is fixed in position between the first bearing unit 13 and the first end cover 6; the free end of the second helical drive shaft head 414 passes through the second end cover 7 and is slidably connected between the second bearing unit 14 and the second end cover 7.

[0201] The free end of the first spiral drive shaft head 407 is connected to an external water cooling system via a first rotating water pipe 15; the free end of the second spiral drive shaft head 414 is connected to an external water cooling system via a second rotating water pipe 16.

[0202] The first bearing unit 13 includes a first connecting part 1301 fixedly connected to the first end cover 6, and a first bearing seat 1302 rigidly connected to the first connecting part 1301;

[0203] A thrust bearing 1303 and a first radial bearing 1304 are arranged sequentially in the first bearing housing 1302. The thrust bearing 1303 is located on the side near the end cap, and the first radial bearing 1304 is located on the side near the free end of the shaft head.

[0204] The first radial bearing 1304 is provided with a first dynamic sealing component 1305 and a second dynamic sealing component 1306 on both sides, wherein the first dynamic sealing component 1305 is located on the side near the end cap, and the outer ring of the first radial bearing 1304 is provided with a first oil sealing component 1307.

[0205] The second bearing unit 14 includes a second connecting part 1401 fixedly connected to the second end cover 7, and a second bearing seat 1402 rigidly connected to the second connecting part 1401; a second radial bearing 1403 is provided inside the second bearing seat 1402, and a third dynamic sealing assembly 1404 and a fourth dynamic sealing assembly 1405 are respectively provided on both sides of the second radial bearing 1402, wherein the third dynamic sealing assembly 1404 is located on the side near the end cover, and a second oil sealing assembly 1406 is provided on the outer ring of the second radial bearing 1403.

[0206] An axial sliding space 1411 is provided between the installation position of the third dynamic sealing component 1404 and the joint of the second water inlet tube 413 and the second spiral drive shaft head 414, allowing the second water inlet tube 413 and the inner tube 401 to generate axial relative displacement in this interval.

[0207] A first water-cooling assembly 1308 is provided on the outer periphery of the first bearing housing 1302 corresponding to the installation position of the thrust bearing 1303, including a first water-cooling ring pipe that is coaxially surrounded and a first cooling water inlet and a first cooling water outlet connected thereto.

[0208] The second bearing housing 1402 is provided with a second water-cooling assembly 1407 on its outer periphery, including a second water-cooling ring pipe that is coaxially surrounded and a second cooling water inlet and a second cooling water outlet connected thereto.

[0209] The cooling area of ​​the second water-cooled ring pipe 1408 covers the shaft segment corresponding to the axial sliding space 1411 between the inner and outer pipes.

[0210] Example 2

[0211] This embodiment provides a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace using the drive shaft described in Embodiment 1.

[0212] A superheated steam cracking furnace B1 is a long furnace tube reactor, including a furnace tube with a length of 10m. The furnace tube 2 includes the drive shaft 4 in Example 1. The furnace tube is connected to the support frame through a support system.

[0213] The support system includes a sliding support unit 8 and a sliding suspension unit 11;

[0214] The furnace tube 2 includes a drive shaft 4, a furnace shell 5 sleeved on the outer periphery of the drive shaft, and a first end cover 6 and a second end cover 7 installed at both ends of the furnace shell 5.

[0215] One end of the furnace tube 2 is fixedly connected to the support frame 1 via the first end cap 6 and the fixing component, and the other end is slidably connected to the support frame 1 via the sliding support unit 8. The middle part of the furnace tube is connected to the support frame 1 via the sliding lifting unit 11. The fixing component is a fixing flange 12.

[0216] The sliding support unit 8 is installed on the lower side of the furnace tube 2 and includes a first sliding support assembly and a furnace tube support assembly installed thereon.

[0217] The first sliding support assembly includes a guide rail base and a first connecting plate that is laterally connected across the guide rail base;

[0218] The guide rail base includes two parallel slide rail support beams 801 symmetrically arranged on both sides of the furnace tube frame. Each slide rail support beam 801 is provided with a first guide rail 802, and each first guide rail 802 is equipped with two or more first rollers 803. The first roller 803 is provided with a connecting shaft 9 on the side facing the furnace tube 2. The connecting shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the vertical connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 by a locking nut. The horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 extends longitudinally along the slide rail support beam.

[0219] The first connecting plate 804 is fixedly installed at both ends on the upper surface of the horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped connecting plate 10 on the same side, and is perpendicular to the two first guide rails 802.

[0220] The furnace tube support assembly includes a base 805 mounted parallel to the upper surface of the first connecting plate, two support columns 806 mounted vertically at both ends of the base 805, and an arc-shaped bracket 807 spanning the tops of the two support columns 806. The outer arc bottom of the arc bracket 807 is connected to the base, and the curvature of the inner arc surface matches the outer diameter of the furnace tube.

[0221] The sliding suspension unit includes a second sliding support assembly and an elastic suspension assembly;

[0222] The second sliding support assembly includes a second guide rail base fixed to the upper support frame of the furnace tube and a second connecting plate 1103 that spans laterally;

[0223] The second guide rail base includes two parallel second guide rails 1101 symmetrically installed on the frames on both sides of the furnace tube. Each second guide rail 1101 is equipped with two or more second rollers 1102. The second rollers 1102 are provided with a connecting shaft 9 on the side facing the furnace tube. The connecting shaft 9 is fixedly connected to the vertical connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 by a nut. The horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped slide rail connecting plate 10 extends longitudinally along the second guide rails 1101. The second connecting plate 1103 is a transverse crossover member. Its two ends are respectively fixedly installed on the lower surface of the horizontal connecting surface of the L-shaped connecting plate on the same side and perpendicular to the two second guide rails 1101.

[0224] The elastic suspension assembly includes, from top to bottom, a suspension part and a floating support part;

[0225] The suspension part includes a rectangular suspension plate 1104, four vertical connecting rods 1105, and four sets of compression springs 1106. The rectangular suspension plate 1104 is located above and parallel to the second connecting plate 1103. Each of the four corners of the rectangular suspension plate 1104 has a through hole. The upper ends of the four vertical connecting rods 1105 pass through the through holes of the suspension plate 1104 and are fixed with nuts. The lower ends of the vertical connecting rods 1105 pass through the second connecting plate 1103 and are connected to the floating support part. The four sets of compression springs 1106 are respectively sleeved on the vertical connecting rods 1105 and pre-pressed between the suspension plate 1104 and the second connecting plate 1103 to form elastic support.

[0226] The floating support includes two axially arranged crossbars 1107 on both sides of the furnace tube 2 and a middle hanging ring tube 1108. The two ends of the crossbars 1107 are hinged to the lower ends of the vertical connecting rods 1105 by hanging ring bolts 1111. The middle hanging ring tube 1108 includes an arc-shaped part covering the bottom of the furnace tube and two upwardly extending hanging columns 1109. The top of the hanging columns 1109 is fitted with the middle position of the crossbars 1107 by hanging rings 1110 in a clearance fit to form a floating support.

[0227] One or more mixing components 17 are installed axially around the outer circumference of the outer tube 402; each mixing component 17 includes two 180° split clamping sleeves, which are symmetrically fastened to form a complete ring structure, and are radially fixed by bolts through connecting ears 1705 extending from both ends of the clamping sleeve; the clamping sleeve includes a first clamping sleeve 1701 and a second clamping sleeve.

[0228] Two stirring blades 1702 are circumferentially symmetrically arranged on each of the first clamping sleeves 1701. Each stirring blade includes a main body 1703 and a shovel head 1704, with their central axes forming a fixed angle of 120°. The center lines of the two main bodies of the stirring blades on the same first clamping sleeve are distributed at a circumferential angle of 90°, and the center line of each main body of the stirring blade maintains a 30° phase angle with the center line of the adjacent connecting ear 1705. It can be understood that on a single first clamping sleeve, the circumferential angle between the center line of the main body of the stirring blade and the center line of the adjacent connecting ear is 30°.

[0229] One stirring blade is arranged on each of the second clamping sleeves, and the center line of the main body of the stirring blade on the second clamping sleeve is at a 90° phase angle with the center line of the connecting ear.

[0230] Two first clamping sleeves interlock to form a mixing assembly including four mixing blades; two second clamping sleeves interlock to form a mixing assembly including two mixing blades; one first clamping sleeve and one second clamping sleeve interlock to form a mixing assembly including three mixing blades; preferably, the mixing assembly with an appropriate number of mixing blades is selected according to the material type and the different reaction stages of the furnace tube.

[0231] The drive shaft is provided with baffle rings 3 between the first end cover, the second end cover and the mixing assembly to prevent material from leaking along the axial direction.

[0232] The agitator blades of adjacent agitator components are arranged with a phase difference of 1° to 45°.

[0233] The furnace shell 5 is equipped with a heating assembly, including either an electromagnetic induction system or a resistance heating system.

[0234] The furnace tube also includes a first top feed inlet 18, a first bottom discharge inlet 19, a first superheated steam inlet 20, a second superheated steam inlet 21, and a first oil and gas outlet 22. The first top feed inlet 18 is located at the top of the connection end between the furnace tube and the sliding support unit 8. The first bottom discharge inlet 19 and the first oil and gas outlet 22 are located at the bottom and top of the fixed connection end between the furnace tube and the frame 1, respectively. The first superheated steam inlet 20 is located at the top of the feed section of the furnace tube. The second superheated steam inlet 21 is located at the top of the middle section of the furnace tube.

[0235] The drive motor of the transmission shaft is installed on the fixed connection side between the furnace tube and the frame.

[0236] Example 3

[0237] This embodiment provides a multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace using the drive shaft provided in Embodiment 1.

[0238] A multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace includes an upper furnace tube 24 and a lower furnace tube 25 arranged vertically and parallel within a second support frame 23. The second bottom discharge port 2401 of the upper furnace tube 24 and the second top discharge port 2501 of the lower furnace tube are connected by a discharge assembly 28, and the two are aligned at their centers on the vertical projection plane. The upper furnace tube 24 and the lower furnace tube 25 are fixedly connected to the second support frame 23 on their interconnected sides, and are respectively connected to the second support frame by sliding support units 8 at their free ends. The middle parts of the upper furnace tube and the lower furnace tube are both connected to the second support frame 23 by sliding lifting units 11.

[0239] The upper furnace tube 24 and lower furnace tube 25 adopt the same furnace tube structure as the furnace tube 2. The second bottom material inlet 2401 of the upper furnace tube 24 is connected to the second top material inlet 2501 of the lower furnace tube 25 through the material inlet assembly 28, forming a continuous process flow. Preferably, the upper furnace tube 24 further includes a second oil and gas outlet 2402 located at the top of the fixed end of the upper furnace tube 24 and a third oil and gas outlet 2403 located in the middle of the axial direction of the upper furnace tube. The lower furnace tube 25 further includes a fourth oil and gas outlet 2502 located in the middle of the axial direction of the lower furnace tube. The fourth oil and gas outlet 2502 and the third oil and gas outlet 2403 are connected by an oil and gas communication assembly 26. The oil and gas communication assembly 26 includes an oil and gas port connecting pipe and a connecting pipe expansion joint communicating with the furnace shell of the upper furnace tube. The furnace shell of the upper furnace tube is provided with an annular expansion section at the communication with the oil and gas communication assembly, forming a transition connection cavity 27.

[0240] The fourth oil and gas outlet adopts a four-way structure, with the first interface connected to the lower furnace tube shell, the second interface connected to the oil and gas communication component, and the third and fourth interfaces respectively connected to external oil and gas transmission pipelines. The material feeding component 28 includes upper and lower furnace tube expansion joints.

[0241] The upper furnace tube also includes a third superheated steam inlet 2404 located at the top of the upper furnace tube feeding section and a fourth superheated steam inlet 2405 located at the top of the middle section of the upper furnace tube; the lower furnace tube also includes a fifth superheated steam inlet 2503 located at the top of the lower furnace tube feeding section and a sixth superheated steam inlet 2504 located at the top of the middle section of the lower furnace tube.

[0242] The second support frame includes two rectangular frames with the same structure and parallel to each other. The upper rectangular frame is used to fix the upper furnace tube, and the lower rectangular frame is used to fix the lower furnace tube.

[0243] The multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace also includes a thermal insulation layer covering the outer perimeter of the frame.

[0244] Example 4

[0245] This embodiment provides a continuous superheated steam pyrolysis system for electronic waste, which uses the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace provided in Embodiment 2.

[0246] An electronic waste pyrolysis system includes a raw material processing unit, a continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit connected to the raw material processing unit via a feeding unit, and an oil and gas processing unit and a discharge sorting unit respectively connected to the oil and gas output end and the solid output end of the superheated steam pyrolysis unit.

[0247] The continuous superheated steam pyrolysis unit includes one of a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace B1 or a multi-stage superheated steam pyrolysis furnace, a superheated steam distribution system, and a gas heating system. The superheated steam distribution system is located within the insulation layer of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace and includes a first superheated steam preheating main pipe and a second superheated steam preheating main pipe surrounding the outer wall of the superheated steam pyrolysis furnace. One end of the first steam preheating main pipe is connected to an external water or steam supply main pipe, and the other end is connected to a first steam inlet, a third steam inlet, or a fifth steam inlet via pipes. One end of the second steam preheating main pipe is connected to an external water or steam supply main pipe, and the other end is connected to a second steam inlet, a fourth steam inlet, or a sixth steam inlet via pipes. The gas heating system includes burners connected to an external gas main pipe.

[0248] The raw material processing unit includes a raw material feeding belt A1, a component storage bin A2, a crushing device A3, a crushed material conveyor belt A4, a crushed material buffer bin A5, and a crushed material spiral conveyor belt A6, which are connected in sequence.

[0249] The feeding system includes a feeding hopper, a feeding upper sealing valve, a feeding intermediate tank, a feeding lower sealing valve, and a feeding buffer tank connected in sequence.

[0250] The oil and gas processing unit includes an oil and gas outlet pipe, an oil and gas catalytic reactor C1, an oil and gas processor C2, an oil-water separator C3, and an oil purifier connected in sequence; the catalyst of the oil and gas catalytic reactor is ceramic nickel-iron.

[0251] The discharge sorting unit includes a water-cooled conveying system and a sorting system connected in sequence.

[0252] The water-cooled conveying system is connected to the solid output end of the continuous superheated steam cracking unit, and includes a discharge pipe, a water-cooled tank, a gate valve, an upper discharge sealing valve, an intermediate discharge tank, a lower discharge sealing valve, and a water-cooled conveyor D1 connected in sequence. The output end of the water-cooled conveyor is connected to the sorting system.

[0253] The sorting system includes a solid sorting and storage tank D2 and a solid conveyor belt D3 connected to a water-cooled conveying system. The water-cooled conveying system sends the solid reaction products into the reaction solid sorting and storage tank for sorting, and then the solid conveyor belt separates the metal from glass fiber, carbon black, etc. The separated glass fiber, carbon black, etc. are sent to an external glass fiber and carbon black collection device for storage. The separated metal is briquetteted by a briquetting machine for further processing.

[0254] The electronic waste pyrolysis system also includes a metal smelting unit, a waste gas purification unit F1, and a wastewater treatment unit G1. The metal smelting unit includes a metal smelting furnace. The briquetted metal enters the metal smelting furnace for smelting, and the waste gas generated during the smelting process enters the waste gas purification unit for purification. The metal smelting furnace is a blowdown furnace, which can generate a large amount of fuel oil and gas using this system, realizing resource recycling.

[0255] The electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system also includes a circulating cooling unit, which provides circulating cooling water for the water-cooled tanks, moving equipment, and sealing of the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system.

[0256] The electronic waste pyrolysis system also includes a control system.

[0257] The electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system also includes: a temperature measurement system installed at key nodes of the reactor, including at least three temperature measurement points: furnace tube inlet, pyrolysis section, and oil and gas outlet; a pressure measurement system distributed in the gas and solid phase pipelines, including high-temperature pressure sensors; and the measurement system and control system, which adjust the pyrolysis process parameters in real time.

[0258] The operation process of the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system:

[0259] Raw materials are fed via a closed conveyor belt. After passing through a magnetic separator and manual sorting station to separate transformers, coils, and radiators, the sorted materials are conveyed to the component storage bin. The remaining material enters a fully enclosed crusher for crushing, during which metal separation, dust collection, and material grading are achieved, and the crushed particle size is controlled within a set range. The crushed material is then temporarily stored in a crushed material buffer bin via a closed conveyor system, and subsequently fed into the feeding system by a screw conveyor belt. During feeding, the lower sealing valve is closed, and the material enters the intermediate feeding tank through the upper sealing valve. Then, the upper sealing valve is closed, and nitrogen is introduced to replace the air. The lower sealing valve is then opened to allow the material to enter the feeding buffer tank, and finally, it is sent to the pyrolysis furnace.

[0260] During operation of the pyrolysis furnace, the gas system heats the furnace tubes by burning external gas through burners, while simultaneously utilizing the waste heat from the flue gas in the furnace tubes to heat the superheated steam system, ensuring that the superheated steam in the preheating main pipe reaches the required temperature. The pyrolysis products are separated into gaseous pyrolysis gas and solid residue. The gaseous pyrolysis gas enters the subsequent oil and gas processing unit, while the solid residue is discharged through a discharge pipe into a water-cooled tank for cooling. Subsequently, it passes through a gate valve and sealing valve system into an intermediate discharge tank. After nitrogen purging to replace the air, the material enters the water-cooled conveyor. The water-cooled conveying system employs a multi-stage sealing and cooling design to ensure the safe discharge of high-temperature materials without gas leakage.

[0261] The cooled solid residue is conveyed to a sorting system, where metals are separated from non-metallic materials such as glass fiber and carbon black in a reaction solids sorting and storage tank. The separated glass fiber and carbon black are stored in an external collection device, while the metal is briquetteed and then transported to the metal smelting unit for melting. Waste gas generated during the smelting process is treated in an waste gas purification unit, and the fuel oil and fuel gas generated by the system can be recycled. In addition, a circulating cooling unit provides circulating cooling water for water-cooled tanks, moving equipment cooling, and sealing systems, ensuring stable system operation.

[0262] Application Example 1

[0263] This application example is based on the e-waste pyrolysis system of Example 4 for e-waste processing.

[0264] The electronic waste to be processed is PCB substrate, and its raw material composition is shown in Table 1.

[0265] The annual operating time is 300 days, the production load factor is 0.95, and the hourly processing capacity is 8.769 t / h.

[0266] The specific processing procedure is as follows:

[0267] Raw materials are fed via a closed conveyor belt. After passing through a magnetic separator and manual sorting station to separate transformers, coils, and radiators, the sorted materials are conveyed to the component storage bin. The remaining material enters a fully enclosed crusher for crushing, during which metal separation, dust collection, and material grading are achieved, and the crushed particle size is controlled within a set range. The crushed material is then temporarily stored in a crushed material buffer bin via a closed conveyor system, and subsequently fed into the feeding system by a screw conveyor belt. During feeding, the lower sealing valve is closed, and the material enters the intermediate feeding tank through the upper sealing valve. Then, the upper sealing valve is closed, and nitrogen is introduced to replace the air. The lower sealing valve is then opened to allow the material to enter the feeding buffer tank, and finally, it is sent to the pyrolysis furnace.

[0268] During operation of the pyrolysis furnace, the gas system heats the furnace tubes by burning external gas through burners, while simultaneously utilizing the waste heat from the flue gas in the furnace tubes to heat the superheated steam system, ensuring that the superheated steam in the preheating main pipe reaches the required temperature. The pyrolysis products are divided into gaseous pyrolysis gas and solid residue. The gaseous pyrolysis gas enters the subsequent oil and gas processing unit, while the solid residue enters the water-cooled tank for cooling through the discharge pipe. Subsequently, it enters the discharge intermediate tank through a gate valve and sealing valve system. After nitrogen purging to replace the air, the material enters the water-cooled conveyor.

[0269] The cooled solid residue is conveyed to a sorting system, where metals are separated from non-metallic materials such as glass fiber and carbon black in a reaction solids sorting and storage tank. The separated glass fiber and carbon black are stored in an external collection device, while the metal is briquetteed and then transported to the metal smelting unit for melting. Waste gas generated during the smelting process is treated in an waste gas purification unit, and the fuel oil and fuel gas generated by the system can be recycled. In addition, a circulating cooling unit provides circulating cooling water for water-cooled tanks, moving equipment cooling, and sealing systems.

[0270] Under continuous production conditions of 300 days of operation per year and a load factor of 0.95, the 10m long pyrolysis furnace tube has accumulated more than 6800 hours of operation at 900℃; the radial deformation of the furnace tube has always been controlled at <0.3mm / m, and the axial thermal deformation has been completely absorbed by the compensation system; the weld of the furnace tube was found to be free of cracks after 100 thermal cycles.

[0271] The inner and outer dual-tube drive shaft system absorbs thermal deformation through an axial-radial composite compensation mechanism. The guide support ring's convex-groove mating structure allows for free axial displacement while precisely constraining circumferential rotation. The matching bearing sealing system adopts a multi-stage dynamic sealing design to maintain stable sealing performance under high-temperature alternating conditions.

[0272] The system input / output is shown in Table 2.

[0273] Table 1. PCB substrate raw material composition (Cu 27.9%)

[0274]

[0275] Table 2 Input / Output of PCB Board Processing Capacity of 60,000 Tons per Year

[0276]

[0277] The operational tests of this application example show that the electronic waste pyrolysis treatment system of this utility model achieves: industrial-scale operation with an annual processing capacity of 60,000 tons of electronic waste within an adjustable range of 0~8.769t / h for the feeding rate; 100% recovery rate of metal components; high energy and resource recovery rate; a loss rate of only 0.28%; and no dioxins in the exhaust gas.

[0278] In summary, this invention achieves comprehensive thermal deformation compensation and stable operation of a superheated steam pyrolysis furnace under high-temperature conditions through multi-system collaborative design: the furnace tubes adopt a composite structure of sliding support units and elastic suspension units, and through the ingenious combination of rigid guide rails and flexible suspension, simultaneously solves the requirements for axial sliding compensation and radial elastic support; the inner and outer double-tube drive shafts, through differentiated temperature control design of inner and outer tubes and end composite connection mechanism, adaptively compensate for temperature difference deformation while ensuring torque transmission; the sealing system integrates the advantages of rigid fixed ends and flexible sliding ends, and forms dynamic sealing protection with directional cooling. Through the collaborative mechanism of "fixed constraint-sliding compensation-elastic buffer", the axial / radial thermal stress of large-size furnace tubes under high temperature is fully released, the transmission system maintains stable transmission under temperature difference conditions, and the sealing components adapt to large displacement sliding requirements, realizing multi-degree-of-freedom compensation of high-temperature equipment, effectively overcoming the technical bottlenecks such as deformation, cracking, and sealing failure that occur in traditional pyrolysis furnaces during long-term high-temperature operation.

[0279] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present utility model, but the protection scope of the present utility model is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily conceived by those skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed in the present utility model should be included within the protection scope of the present utility model.

Claims

1. A drive shaft for a long furnace tube reactor, characterized in that, The drive shaft has a double-tube structure, including an inner tube and an outer tube, and one or more support rings are arranged axially between the inner tube and the outer tube. The inner tube serves as a channel for circulating cooling medium, and the gap between the inner and outer tubes is filled with heat insulation material.

2. The drive shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support ring is made of nano-thermal insulating ceramic.

3. The drive shaft according to claim 2, characterized in that, The inner diameter of the support ring is adapted to the outer diameter of the inner tube, and the outer diameter is adapted to the inner diameter of the outer tube. The two sides of the support ring are machined with conical chamfers, with the large end of the conical surface matching the inner diameter of the outer tube and the small end matching the outer diameter of the inner tube.

4. The drive shaft according to claim 1, characterized in that, The space between the inner tube and the outer tube is filled with nano-insulating ceramic and / or insulating cotton.

5. The drive shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, Both the outer wall of the inner tube and the inner wall of the outer tube are coated with a high-temperature heat-insulating coating.

6. The drive shaft according to claim 4, characterized in that, The inner pipe is connected to the external cooling water system.

7. The transmission shaft according to any one of claims 1-6, characterized in that, The inner tube and the outer tube are fixedly connected at one end, and slidably connected at the other end through a guide support ring.

8. The drive shaft according to claim 7, characterized in that, The length of the drive shaft is greater than or equal to 10m.

9. A long-tube reactor, characterized in that, The reactor includes the drive shaft as described in any one of claims 1 to 8; the furnace tube of the long furnace tube reactor also includes a furnace shell sleeved around the outer periphery of the drive shaft, and a first end cover and a second end cover installed at both ends of the furnace shell.

10. An electronic waste pyrolysis system, characterized in that, It includes a continuous superheated steam cracking unit, wherein the reaction apparatus of the superheated steam cracking unit includes the long furnace tube reactor as described in claim 9.

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