Lead-acid battery equalization device

Abstract

The present application belongs to the technical field of battery equalization device, especially relates to a lead-acid battery equalization device. The present application comprises: a processor module, a measurement battery selection module, a battery parameter storage module, an analog power supply module, a power module, a first charge-discharge circuit module, a second charge-discharge circuit module, and a communication module; the measurement battery selection module, the battery parameter storage module, the analog power supply module, the power module, the first charge-discharge circuit module, the second charge-discharge circuit module, and the communication module are respectively connected with the processor module; the processor module selects the first charge-discharge circuit module or the second charge-discharge circuit module through the measurement battery selection module to realize independent charge-discharge of single batteries; the first charge-discharge circuit module and the second charge-discharge circuit module sample and calculate the battery voltage in real time through the processor module to trigger the equalization operation. The present application is modularized and multi-node collaborative to realize precise charge-discharge control and real-time state monitoring.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention belongs to the technical field of battery balancing devices, and particularly relates to lead-acid battery balancing devices. Background Technology

[0002] Currently, lead-acid batteries are used in DC power supply systems. These batteries are used as backup power sources. For example, a typical DC power supply cabinet in a power system is equipped with either 18 batteries, each with a voltage of 12 volts, or 108 batteries, each with a voltage of 2 volts. To ensure reliable power supply, each battery must be monitored in real time to promptly identify and replace any malfunctioning batteries.

[0003] Traditional maintenance methods rely on manual, periodic checks of individual cell voltages, which cannot detect deteriorating cells in real time and lack proactive balancing mechanisms. In existing technologies, the "weakest link" effect caused by differences in individual cells accelerates overall capacity decay: high-voltage cells are prone to sulfation, and low-voltage cells are prone to over-discharge. While centralized balancing schemes exist, they suffer from issues such as slow response, poor scalability, and inability to adapt to mixed voltage levels (e.g., 2V / 12V coexistence systems). Furthermore, non-isolated communication interfaces are prone to malfunction in environments with strong electromagnetic interference, causing maintenance strategies to fail. There is an urgent need for a modular, online, multi-node collaborative intelligent balancing device to achieve precise charge / discharge control and real-time status monitoring. Summary of the Invention

[0004] This invention addresses the problems of low measurement accuracy, safety concerns, complex structure, low efficiency, and high energy consumption in existing lead-acid battery balancing devices. The proposed device comprises: a processor module, a battery selection module, a battery parameter storage module, an analog power supply module, a power supply module, a first charging / discharging circuit module, a second charging / discharging circuit module, and a communication module. These modules are connected to the processor module. The processor module selects either the first or second charging / discharging circuit module via the battery selection module, enabling independent charging and discharging of individual batteries. The first and second charging / discharging circuit modules sample the battery voltage, which is then calculated in real-time by the processor module to trigger the balancing operation. The communication module enables parallel connection of multiple devices, avoids address code conflicts, and uploads battery data to the processor module.

[0005] According to the lead-acid battery equalization device described above, the first charging and discharging circuit module includes: a second charging chip U2, a first terminal J1, a first diode D1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a second diode D2, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a sixth resistor R6, a second resistor R2, a seventh resistor R7, a fourth capacitor C4, a sixty-second resistor R62, a sixty-first resistor R61, a second terminal J2, a fifty-third resistor R53, a first relay switch K1, a seventeenth diode D17, a second relay switch K2, a twenty-sixth diode D26, a second transistor Q2, a thirty-third resistor R33, a thirty-fourth resistor R34, and a third... The circuit consists of: diode Q3, resistor R51 (51st), resistor R52 (52nd), optocoupler U17 (17th), optocoupler U18 (18th), resistor R49 (49th), LED D25 (25th), resistor R50 (50th), and LED D27 (27th); wherein: pin 1 of the first terminal J1 is grounded; pin 2 of the first terminal J1 is electrically connected to one end of the first diode D1; the other end of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the second diode D2, and pin VIN of the second charging chip U2, and then connected to a +5V voltage; the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded; the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2; the other end of the second diode D2 is connected to the first terminal J1... One end of resistor R1 is electrically connected; the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to pin CHRG of the second charging chip U2; one end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to pin IMIN of the second charging chip U2; the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to pin ISET of the second charging chip U2; one end of the fifth resistor R5 is electrically connected; the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded; one end of the third resistor R3 is connected to +5V; the other end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to pin TEMP of the second charging chip U2; one end of the sixth resistor R6 is electrically connected; the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is grounded; one end of the second resistor R2 is connected to pin BAT of the second charging chip U2; one end of the fourth capacitor C4; and pin 4 of the first relay switch K1. Electrically connected; the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to pin FB of the second charging chip U2 and one end of the seventh resistor R7; the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded; the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; pin 3 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-first resistor R61, pin 1 of the second terminal J2, and pin 3 of the second relay switch K2; the other end of the sixty-first resistor R61 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-second resistor R62 and pin 14 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the sixty-second resistor R62 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the second terminal J2 and then grounded; pin 2 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to one end of the seventeenth diode D17 and then connected to +12V voltage;Pin 1 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to the other end of the seventeenth diode D17, the collector of the second transistor Q2, and pin 4 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17; the base of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the thirty-third resistor R33 and one end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34; the other end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is electrically connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2 and then grounded; the other end of the thirty-third resistor R33 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17; pin 1 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17 is electrically connected to one end of the forty-ninth resistor R49; the other end of the forty-ninth resistor R49 is connected to a +3.3V voltage; pin 2 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-fifth LED D25; the other end of the twenty-fifth LED D25 is connected to pin 8 of the ARM chip U7; pin 2 of the second relay switch K2 is electrically connected to the twenty-sixth LED D17... One end of diode D26 is electrically connected to +12V; the other end of diode D26 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the second relay switch K2, the collector of the third transistor Q3, and pin 4 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; one end of resistor R51 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of resistor R51 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R52 and the base of the third transistor Q3; the other end of resistor R52 is electrically connected to the emitter of the third transistor Q3 and then grounded; one end of resistor R50 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of resistor R50 is connected to +3.3V; one end of LED D27 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of LED D27 is connected to pin 9 of the ARM chip U7.

[0006] According to the lead-acid battery balancing device described above, the second charging and discharging circuit module 700 includes: a third charging chip U3, a fourth terminal J4, a thirty-second diode D32, a seventh capacitor C7, a fifth capacitor C5, a tenth resistor R10, a third light-emitting diode D3, an eighth capacitor C8, a first MOSFET Q1, a fourth diode D4, a first inductor L1, a fifth diode D5, an eighth resistor R8, a tenth capacitor C10, a sixth capacitor C6, a sixty-fourth resistor R64, a sixty-third resistor R63, a third terminal J3, a sixtieth resistor R60, a third relay switch K3, a twenty-eighth diode D28, a fourth transistor Q4, a fifty-fifth resistor R55, a fifty-sixth resistor R56, and a... Nineteenth optocoupler U19, fifty-fourth resistor R54, twenty-ninth LED D29, fourth relay switch K4, thirtieth diode D30, fifth transistor Q5, fifty-eighth resistor R58, fifty-ninth resistor R59, twentieth optocoupler U20, fifty-seventh resistor R57, thirty-first LED D31, ninth resistor R9, ninth capacitor C9; pin 2 of fourth terminal J4 is electrically connected to one end of the thirty-second diode D32; the other end of the thirty-second diode D32 is connected to one end of the seventh capacitor C7, one end of the fifth capacitor C5, one end of the eighth capacitor C8, one end of the tenth resistor R10, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1, and pin VC of the third charging chip U3. C is electrically connected; the other end of the seventh capacitor C7 and the other end of the fifth capacitor C5 are electrically connected to pin 1 of the fourth terminal J4 and then grounded; the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected to pin VG of the third charging chip U3; one end of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to one end of the third light-emitting diode D3; the other end of the third light-emitting diode D3 is electrically connected to pin CHRG of the third charging chip U3; the gate of the first MOSFET Q1 is electrically connected to pin DRV of the third charging chip U3; the source of the first MOSFET Q1 is electrically connected to one end of the fourth diode D4; the other end of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to one end of the fifth diode D5 and one end of the first inductor L1; the fifth diode D5... The other end is grounded; the other end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8 and pin CSP of the third charging chip U3; the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is electrically connected to one end of the tenth capacitor C10, one end of the sixth capacitor C6, pin BAT of the third charging chip U3, and pin 4 of the third relay switch K3; the other end of the tenth capacitor C10 is electrically connected to the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 and then grounded; one end of the sixty-third resistor R63 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the third relay switch K3, pin 1 of the third terminal J3, and pin 3 of the fourth relay switch K4; the other end of the sixty-third resistor R63 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-fourth resistor R64 and pin 16 of the ARM chip U7.The other end of the sixty-fourth resistor R64 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the third terminal J3 and then grounded; pin 2 of the third relay switch K3 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-eighth diode D28 and then connected to +12V; the other end of the twenty-eighth diode D28 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the third relay switch K3, the collector of the fourth transistor Q4, and pin 4 of the nineteenth optocoupler U19; one end of the fifty-fifth resistor R55 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the nineteenth optocoupler U19; the other end of the fifty-fifth resistor R55 is electrically connected to one end of the fifty-sixth resistor R56, the collector of the fourth transistor Q4, and pin 4 of the fourth optocoupler U19. The base of transistor Q4 is electrically connected; the other end of resistor R56 is connected to the emitter of transistor Q4 and then grounded; one end of resistor R54 is electrically connected to pin 1 of optocoupler U19; the other end of resistor R54 is connected to +3.3V; one end of LED D29 is electrically connected to pin 2 of optocoupler U19; the other end of LED D29 is connected to pin 10 of ARM chip U7; one end of resistor R60 is electrically connected to pin 4 of relay switch K4; the sixth... One end of resistor R60 is grounded; one end of diode D30 is electrically connected to pin 2 of relay switch K4 and then connected to +12V; the other end of diode D30 is electrically connected to pin 1 of relay switch K4, the collector of transistor Q5, and pin 4 of optocoupler U20; one end of resistor R58 is electrically connected to pin 3 of optocoupler U20; the other end of resistor R58 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R59; the other end of resistor R59 is connected to the collector of transistor Q5. The emitter is electrically connected and then grounded; one end of the fifty-seventh resistor R57 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the twentieth optocoupler U20; the other end of the fifty-seventh resistor R57 is connected to a +3.3V voltage; one end of the thirty-first LED D31 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the twentieth optocoupler U20; the other end of the thirty-first LED D31 is connected to pin 11 of the ARM chip U7; one end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to pin COM of the third charging chip U3; the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of the ninth capacitor C9; the other end of the ninth capacitor C9 is grounded.

[0007] According to the lead-acid battery balancing device described above, the processor module 100 includes: an ARM chip U7, a 24th resistor R24, a 21st capacitor C21, a first crystal oscillator Y1, a 19th resistor R19, a 20th capacitor C20, a 22nd capacitor C22, a second crystal oscillator Y2, a 20th resistor R20, and a 23rd capacitor C23; wherein: the ARM chip U7 is an STM32F302RCT6; one end of the 24th resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to pin 18 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the 24th resistor R24 ​​is grounded; one end of the first crystal oscillator Y1 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the 21st capacitor C21; the first crystal oscillator chip Y1... The other end is electrically connected to one end of the nineteenth resistor R19 and one end of the twentieth capacitor C20; the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is electrically connected to pin 4 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-first capacitor C21 is electrically connected to the other end of the twentieth capacitor C20 and then grounded; one end of the second crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to pin 5 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the twenty-second capacitor C22; the other end of the second crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to one end of the twentieth resistor R20 and one end of the twenty-third capacitor C23; the other end of the twentieth resistor R20 is electrically connected to pin 6 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-second capacitor C22 is electrically connected to the other end of the twenty-third capacitor C23 and then grounded.

[0008] According to the lead-acid battery balancing device described above, the battery selection module includes: a DIP switch SW1, the fifth terminal J5, the twenty-third resistor R23, the twenty-first resistor R21, the twenty-second resistor R22, and the twenty-fourth capacitor C24; the DIP switch SW1 is an 8-bit DIP switch; pins 1-8 of the DIP switch SW1 are electrically connected to pins 21-25, 41, 44, and 26 of the ARM chip U7, respectively; pins 9-16 of the DIP switch SW1 are electrically connected to ground; one end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to +3.3V. Voltage; one end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-fourth capacitor C24 and then grounded; the other end of the twenty-fourth capacitor C24 is electrically connected to pin 7 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the twenty-second resistor R22; the other end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is electrically connected to pins 64, 48, 32, and 19 of the ARM chip U7 and then connected to +3.3V voltage; pin 1 of the fifth terminal J5 is connected to +3.3V voltage; pin 2 of the fifth terminal J5 is electrically connected to pin 46 of the ARM chip U7; pin 3 of the fifth terminal J5 is electrically connected to pin 49 of the ARM chip U7; pin 4 of the fifth terminal J5 is grounded.

[0009] According to the lead-acid battery equalization device described above, the battery parameter storage module includes a fifth memory chip U5; wherein: the model of the fifth memory chip U5 is AT24C02; pins 1-4 of the fifth memory chip U5 are electrically connected and then grounded; pin 6 of the fifth memory chip U5 is electrically connected to pin 58 of the ARM chip U7; pin 5 of the fifth memory chip U5 is electrically connected to pin 59 of the ARM chip U7; and pin 8 of the fifth memory chip U5 is connected to a +5V voltage.

[0010] According to the lead-acid battery equalization device described above, the communication module includes: a 21st communication chip U21 and a 6th terminal J6; wherein: the 21st communication chip U21 is model CTM1051AT; pins 1-3 of the 6th terminal J6 are electrically connected to pins 8, 7, and 6 of the 21st communication chip U21 respectively; pin 1 of the 21st communication chip U21 is connected to +5V voltage; pin 2 of the 21st communication chip U21 is grounded; pin 3 of the 21st communication chip U21 is electrically connected to pin 62 of the ARM chip U7; pin 4 of the 21st communication chip U21 is electrically connected to pin 61 of the ARM chip U7.

[0011] According to the lead-acid battery balancing device described above, the analog power supply module includes: a fourth analog power supply chip U4, a twelfth capacitor C12, a thirteenth capacitor C13, a fourteenth capacitor C14, and a fifteenth capacitor C15; wherein: the model of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is ISL60002DAH333Z; pin 1 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is electrically connected to one end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 and one end of the twelfth capacitor C12 and then connected to a +5V voltage; the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 and the other end of the twelfth capacitor C12 are electrically connected and then grounded; pin 2 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 and one end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 and then electrically connected to pin 13 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 and the other end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 are electrically connected and then electrically connected to pin 3 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4.

[0012] According to the lead-acid battery balancing device described above, the power module includes: a sixth power chip U6, a sixteenth capacitor C16, a nineteenth capacitor C19, an eighteenth capacitor C18, a twenty-fifth capacitor C25, a zero-resistance R0, an eleventh capacitor C11, and a seventeenth capacitor C17; wherein: the sixth power chip U6 is model NCP1117; pins 0 and 2 of the sixth power chip U6 are connected to one end of the eighteenth capacitor C18, one end of the twenty-fifth capacitor C25, one end of the seventeenth capacitor C17, and one end of the zero-resistance R0; the zero-resistance R0... The other end of resistor R0 is electrically connected to one end of the eleventh capacitor C11 and the other end of the seventeenth capacitor C17, and then connected to a +3.3V voltage; pin 3 of the sixth power chip U6 is electrically connected to one end of the sixteenth capacitor C16 and one end of the nineteenth capacitor C19, and then connected to a +5V voltage; pin 1 of the sixth power chip U6 is electrically connected to the other end of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the nineteenth capacitor C19, the eighteenth capacitor C18, the twenty-fifth capacitor C25, the eleventh capacitor C11, and the seventeenth capacitor C17, and then grounded.

[0013] According to the lead-acid battery equalization device described above, the fifty-third resistor R53 and the sixtieth resistor R60 are discharge resistors, both of which are 5W 30Ω aluminum-cased resistors.

[0014] The beneficial effects of this invention are: 1. Safety and reliability, extending battery life. Traditional centralized equalization cannot adjust for the characteristics of individual batteries. This device uses an ARM chip U7 to analyze the 2V / 12V battery voltage in real time, initiating precise discharge for high-voltage batteries (e.g., 2.4V) and intelligent charging for low-voltage batteries (e.g., 1.8V), eliminating differences within the battery pack. This reduces battery pack capacity decay, decreases plate polarization, and extends battery life.

[0015] 2. Improved Operation and Maintenance Efficiency. Existing technology relies on manual multimeter inspection of 108 batteries, taking approximately 2 hours per inspection. This device combines online monitoring with automatic balancing, and faulty batteries trigger real-time alarms via a communication module. Maintenance personnel only need to process alert information, reducing inspection time and labor costs by 7%.

[0016] 3. Reduced energy consumption. Compared to traditional resistor-based energy balancing, this device uses a third relay switch K3, a fourth relay switch K4, and a third charging chip U3 for connection. The fifty-third resistor R53 and the sixtieth resistor R60 are activated as needed, reducing battery balancing energy consumption and saving more power than conventional solutions.

[0017] 4. Improved fault diagnosis accuracy. Existing technology has a voltage sampling error of ±1%, while this design uses ±0.1% accuracy voltage divider resistors: resistor R61 (61st) to R64 (64th), and a high-stability reference source: analog power supply chip U4 (4th), with a 12-bit ADC resolution. Combined with the CAN bus anti-interference structure: communication chip U21 (21st), the voltage detection error is ≤±5mV, reducing the false alarm rate from 5% to 0.1%.

[0018] 5. Breakthrough in Compatibility and Expandability. Traditional devices only support a single voltage level. This innovation, through its modular structure of independent 2V / 12V circuits, allows for the mixing of battery packs within the same device, such as a power cabinet with 108 2V cells and 18 12V cells. The SW1 DIP switch supports 256 nodes, and the 800 communication module enables long-distance networking, significantly improving the networking capacity compared to RS485. Attached Figure Description

[0019] Figure 1 This is a simplified circuit diagram of the lead-acid battery equalization device of the present invention.

[0020] Figure 2 This is a partial circuit diagram of the processor module of the lead-acid battery equalization device of the present invention.

[0021] Figure 3 This is a connection structure diagram of the measurement battery selection module and the processor module of the lead-acid battery balancing device of the present invention.

[0022] Figure 4 This is a circuit diagram of the analog power supply module of the lead-acid battery balancing device of the present invention.

[0023] Figure 5 This is a circuit diagram of the power module of the lead-acid battery balancing device of the present invention.

[0024] Figure 6 This is a circuit diagram of the battery parameter storage module of the lead-acid battery balancing device of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 7 This is a circuit diagram of the communication module of the lead-acid battery balancing device of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 8 This is a circuit diagram of the first charging and discharging circuit module of the lead-acid battery equalization device of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 9 This is a circuit diagram of the second charging and discharging circuit module of the lead-acid battery equalization device of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0028] The technical solutions of the embodiments of this application will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. All other embodiments obtained by those skilled in the art based on the embodiments of this application without creative effort are within the scope of protection of this application.

[0029] like Figures 1 to 7 As shown, the ARM chip U7 is model STM32F302RCT6, which has 64 pins and ample internal storage and memory. The DIP switch SW1 is an 8-bit switch, with ON for 0 and OFF for 1, in binary representation. The DIP switch SW1 is used to confirm the battery's DIP setting; typically, the first battery is set to 00000001, and so on. The fifth terminal J5 is the programming and debugging interface for the ARM chip U7. The fifth memory chip U5 is model AT24C02, storing battery settings, alarm parameters, and other information. The twenty-first communication chip U21 is a CAN communication module, model CTM1051AT, which features isolation and strong anti-interference capabilities. The sixth power supply chip U6 is the power supply circuit chip for the ARM chip U7, and the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is the analog power supply circuit chip for the ARM chip U7. This chip uses a high-precision reference voltage chip, model ISL60002DAH333Z.

[0030] Currently used lead-acid batteries are mainly available in single-cell voltage levels of 2V and 12V. Therefore, this invention designs two circuit structures to adapt to the two voltage levels of batteries, 2V and 12V respectively.

[0031] Figure 8This is the schematic diagram of the 2V single-cell charging and discharging circuit of the first charging and discharging circuit module 600. The first terminal J1 is the input terminal for the charging voltage, and the second terminal J2 is the input terminal for the 2V single-cell battery. In this circuit, the second charging chip U2, model CN3082, serves as the charging control chip. The first diode D1, model IN4007, provides reverse voltage protection. The battery is charged through the output voltage of the second charging chip U2's pin BAT. The first relay switch K1 and the second relay switch K2 are controlled to charge or discharge the battery, respectively. The first relay switch K1 is connected to the charging circuit. When the moving contact of the first relay switch K1 is closed, the battery is charged. At this time, the moving contact of the second relay switch K2 must be in the open state. The second relay switch K2 is connected to the discharge resistor: the fifty-third resistor R53. When the moving contact of the second relay switch K2 is closed, the battery is discharged. At this time, the moving contact of the first relay switch K1 must be in the open state. The operation of the first relay switch K1 and the second relay switch K2 is controlled through pins 8 and 9 of the ARM chip U7. The fifty-third resistor, R53, is a 5W 5Ω aluminum-cased resistor. It generates heat during operation, drawing approximately 1W at a current of 0.4A. The sixty-first resistor, R61, and the sixty-second resistor, R62, form a voltage divider circuit as a battery voltage sampling circuit. The sampling point is connected to pin 14 of the ARM chip U7 to measure the connected battery voltage. The seventeenth optocoupler, U17, and the eighteenth optocoupler, U18, are PC817 models. Together with the second transistor Q2 and the third transistor Q3, they form the driving circuit for the first relay switch K1 and the second relay switch K2.

[0032] Figure 9 This is the schematic diagram of the 12V single-cell charging and discharging circuit of the second charging and discharging circuit module 700. The fourth terminal J4 is the input terminal for the charging voltage, and the third terminal J3 is the input terminal for equalizing the 12V single-cell battery. Unlike the 2V charging circuit, this circuit uses a 12V lead-acid battery charging management integrated circuit chip for charging control: the third charging chip U3, model CN3768, which automatically manages battery charging and features trickle, constant current, overcharge, and float charging modes. Typical output voltages are 14.8V and 13.55V. The battery is charged via the third relay switch K3. The battery is discharged via the fourth relay switch K4. A 5W 30Ω aluminum-cased resistor is used for discharging; the online discharge current is approximately 0.4A, which will also generate heat. The sampling circuit consists of the sixty-third resistor R63 and the sixty-fourth resistor R64. The sampling point is connected to pin 16 of the ARM chip U7 to measure the voltage of the connected battery. The working process is the same as that of the first charging and discharging circuit module 600; the third relay switch K3 and the fourth relay switch K4 cannot operate at the same time.

[0033] The operation of the third relay switch K3 and the fourth relay switch K4 is controlled by pins 10 and 11 of the ARM chip U7.

[0034] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any equivalent substitutions or modifications made by those skilled in the art within the scope of the technology disclosed in the present invention, based on the technical solution and inventive concept of the present invention, should be covered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A lead-acid battery balancing device, characterized in that, include: The processor module (100), battery selection module (200), battery parameter storage module (300), analog power supply module (400), power supply module (500), first charge / discharge circuit module (600), second charge / discharge circuit module (700), and communication module (800) are respectively connected to the processor module (100). The processor module (100) selects either the first charge / discharge circuit module (600) or the second charge / discharge circuit module (700) by measuring the battery selection module (200) to achieve independent charging and discharging of individual batteries; The first charging and discharging circuit module (600) and the second charging and discharging circuit module (700) sample and calculate the battery voltage in real time through the processor module (100) to trigger the equalization operation; The communication module (800) enables multiple devices to be connected in parallel, avoids address coding conflicts, and uploads battery data to the processor module (100).

2. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The first charging and discharging circuit module (600) includes: a second charging chip U2, a first terminal J1, a first diode D1, a second capacitor C2, a third capacitor C3, a second diode D2, a fourth resistor R4, a fifth resistor R5, a first resistor R1, a third resistor R3, a sixth resistor R6, a second resistor R2, a seventh resistor R7, a fourth capacitor C4, a sixty-second resistor R62, a sixty-first resistor R61, a second terminal J2, a fifty-third resistor R53, a first relay switch K1, a seventeenth diode D17, a second relay switch K2, a twenty-sixth diode D26, a second transistor Q2, a thirty-third resistor R33, a thirty-fourth resistor R34, a third transistor Q3, a fifty-first resistor R51, a fifty-second resistor R52, a seventeenth optocoupler U17, an eighteenth optocoupler U18, a forty-ninth resistor R49, a twenty-fifth light-emitting diode D25, a fiftieth resistor R50, and a twenty-seventh light-emitting diode D27. Wherein: pin 1 of the first terminal J1 is grounded; pin 2 of the first terminal J1 is electrically connected to one end of the first diode D1; the other end of the first diode D1 is electrically connected to one end of the second capacitor C2, one end of the second diode D2, and pin VIN of the second charging chip U2, and then connected to a +5V voltage; the other end of the second capacitor C2 is grounded; the third capacitor C3 is connected in parallel with the second capacitor C2; the other end of the second diode D2 is electrically connected to one end of the first resistor R1; the other end of the first resistor R1 is electrically connected to pin CHRG of the second charging chip U2; one end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to pin IMIN of the second charging chip U2; the other end of the fourth resistor R4 is electrically connected to pin ISET of the second charging chip U2 and one end of the fifth resistor R5; the other end of the fifth resistor R5 is grounded. One end of the third resistor R3 is connected to a +5V voltage; the other end of the third resistor R3 is electrically connected to the TEMP pin of the second charging chip U2 and one end of the sixth resistor R6; the other end of the sixth resistor R6 is grounded. One end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to pin BAT of the second charging chip U2, one end of the fourth capacitor C4, and pin 4 of the first relay switch K1; the other end of the second resistor R2 is electrically connected to pin FB of the second charging chip U2 and one end of the seventh resistor R7; the other end of the seventh resistor R7 is grounded; the other end of the fourth capacitor C4 is grounded; pin 3 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-first resistor R61, pin 1 of the second terminal J2, and pin 3 of the second relay switch K2; the other end of the sixty-first resistor R61 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-second resistor R62 and pin 14 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the sixty-second resistor R62 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the second terminal J2 and then grounded. Pin 2 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to one end of the seventeenth diode D17 and then connected to a +12V voltage; pin 1 of the first relay switch K1 is electrically connected to the other end of the seventeenth diode D17, the collector of the second transistor Q2, and pin 4 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17; the base of the second transistor Q2 is electrically connected to one end of the thirty-third resistor R33 and one end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34; the other end of the thirty-fourth resistor R34 is electrically connected to the emitter of the second transistor Q2 and then grounded; the other end of the thirty-third resistor R33 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17; pin 1 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17 is electrically connected to one end of the forty-ninth resistor R49; the other end of the forty-ninth resistor R49 is connected to a +3.3V voltage; pin 2 of the seventeenth optocoupler U17 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-fifth LED D25; the other end of the twenty-fifth LED D25 is connected to pin 8 of the ARM chip U7; Pin 2 of the second relay switch K2 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-sixth diode D26 and then connected to a +12V voltage; the other end of the twenty-sixth diode D26 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the second relay switch K2, the collector of the third transistor Q3, and pin 4 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; one end of the fifty-first resistor R51 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of the fifty-first resistor R51 is electrically connected to one end of the fifty-second resistor R52 and the base of the third transistor Q3; the other end of the fifty-second resistor R52 is electrically connected to the emitter of the third transistor Q3 and then grounded; one end of the fiftieth resistor R50 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of the fiftieth resistor R50 is connected to a +3.3V voltage; one end of the twenty-seventh LED D27 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the eighteenth optocoupler U18; the other end of the twenty-seventh LED D27 is connected to pin 9 of the ARM chip U7.

3. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 2, characterized in that, The second charging / discharging circuit module (700) includes: a third charging chip U3, a fourth terminal J4, a thirty-second diode D32, a seventh capacitor C7, a fifth capacitor C5, a tenth resistor R10, a third light-emitting diode D3, an eighth capacitor C8, a first MOSFET Q1, a fourth diode D4, a first inductor L1, a fifth diode D5, an eighth resistor R8, a tenth capacitor C10, a sixth capacitor C6, a sixty-fourth resistor R64, a sixty-third resistor R63, a third terminal J3, a sixtieth resistor R60, and a third... Relay switch K3, 28th diode D28, 4th transistor Q4, 55th resistor R55, 56th resistor R56, 19th optocoupler U19, 54th resistor R54, 29th LED D29, 4th relay switch K4, 30th diode D30, 5th transistor Q5, 58th resistor R58, 59th resistor R59, 20th optocoupler U20, 57th resistor R57, 31st LED D31, 9th resistor R9, 9th capacitor C9; Pin 2 of the fourth terminal J4 is electrically connected to one end of the thirty-second diode D32; the other end of the thirty-second diode D32 is electrically connected to one end of the seventh capacitor C7, one end of the fifth capacitor C5, one end of the eighth capacitor C8, one end of the tenth resistor R10, the drain of the first MOSFET Q1, and the VCC pin of the third charging chip U3; the other ends of the seventh capacitor C7 and the fifth capacitor C5 are electrically connected to pin 1 of the fourth terminal J4 and then grounded; the other end of the eighth capacitor C8 is electrically connected to the VG pin of the third charging chip U3; one end of the tenth resistor R10 is electrically connected to one end of the third LED D3; the other end of the third LED D3 is electrically connected to the CHRG pin of the third charging chip U3. The first MOSFET Q1's gate is electrically connected to the DRV pin of the third charging chip U3; the first MOSFET Q1's source is electrically connected to one end of the fourth diode D4; the other end of the fourth diode D4 is electrically connected to one end of the fifth diode D5 and one end of the first inductor L1; the other end of the fifth diode D5 is grounded; the other end of the first inductor L1 is electrically connected to one end of the eighth resistor R8 and the CSP pin of the third charging chip U3; the other end of the eighth resistor R8 is electrically connected to one end of the tenth capacitor C10, one end of the sixth capacitor C6, the BAT pin of the third charging chip U3, and the 4th pin of the third relay switch K3; the other end of the tenth capacitor C10 is electrically connected to the other end of the sixth capacitor C6 and then grounded. One end of the sixty-third resistor R63 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the third relay switch K3, pin 1 of the third terminal J3, and pin 3 of the fourth relay switch K4; the other end of the sixty-third resistor R63 is electrically connected to one end of the sixty-fourth resistor R64 and pin 16 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the sixty-fourth resistor R64 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the third terminal J3 and then grounded; pin 2 of the third relay switch K3 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-eighth diode D28 and then connected to a +12V voltage; the other end of the twenty-eighth diode D28 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the third relay switch K3, the collector of the fourth transistor Q4, and pin 4 of the nineteenth optocoupler U19. Connected; one end of the 55th resistor R55 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the 19th optocoupler U19; the other end of the 55th resistor R55 is electrically connected to one end of the 56th resistor R56 and the base of the 4th transistor Q4; the other end of the 56th resistor R56 is electrically connected to the emitter of the 4th transistor Q4 and then grounded; one end of the 54th resistor R54 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the 19th optocoupler U19; the other end of the 54th resistor R54 is connected to a +3.3V voltage; one end of the 29th LED D29 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the 19th optocoupler U19; the other end of the 29th LED D29 is connected to pin 10 of the ARM chip U7; One end of the 60th resistor R60 is electrically connected to pin 4 of the fourth relay switch K4; the other end of the 60th resistor R60 is grounded; one end of the 30th diode D30 is electrically connected to pin 2 of the fourth relay switch K4 and then connected to a +12V voltage; the other end of the 30th diode D30 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the fourth relay switch K4, the collector of the fifth transistor Q5, and pin 4 of the 20th optocoupler U20; one end of the 58th resistor R58 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the 20th optocoupler U20; the 58th resistor... The other end of resistor R58 is electrically connected to one end of resistor R59 (fifty-ninth); the other end of resistor R59 is electrically connected to the emitter of transistor Q5 (fifth) and then grounded; one end of resistor R57 (fifty-seventh) is electrically connected to pin 1 of optocoupler U20 (twentieth); the other end of resistor R57 is connected to +3.3V; one end of LED D31 (thirty-first) is electrically connected to pin 2 of optocoupler U20 (twentieth); the other end of LED D31 is connected to pin 11 of ARM chip U7. One end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to the COM pin of the third charging chip U3; the other end of the ninth resistor R9 is electrically connected to one end of the ninth capacitor C9; the other end of the ninth capacitor C9 is grounded.

4. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 3, characterized in that, The processor module (100) includes: ARM chip U7, 24th resistor R24, 21st capacitor C21, first crystal oscillator Y1, 19th resistor R19, 20th capacitor C20, 22nd capacitor C22, second crystal oscillator Y2, 20th resistor R20, and 23rd capacitor C23; Among them, the model of the ARM chip U7 is STM32F302RCT6; One end of the twenty-fourth resistor R24 ​​is electrically connected to pin 18 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-fourth resistor R24 ​​is grounded. One end of the first crystal oscillator Y1 is electrically connected to pin 3 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the twenty-first capacitor C21; the other end of the first crystal oscillator Y1 is electrically connected to one end of the nineteenth resistor R19 and one end of the twentieth capacitor C20; the other end of the nineteenth resistor R19 is electrically connected to pin 4 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-first capacitor C21 is electrically connected to the other end of the twentieth capacitor C20 and then grounded. One end of the second crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to pin 5 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the twenty-second capacitor C22; the other end of the second crystal oscillator Y2 is electrically connected to one end of the twentieth resistor R20 and one end of the twenty-third capacitor C23; the other end of the twentieth resistor R20 is electrically connected to pin 6 of the ARM chip U7; and the other end of the twenty-second capacitor C22 and the other end of the twenty-third capacitor C23 are electrically connected and then grounded.

5. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 4, characterized in that, The battery selection module (200) includes: DIP switch SW1, fifth terminal J5, twenty-third resistor R23, twenty-first resistor R21, twenty-second resistor R22, and twenty-fourth capacitor C24; The DIP switch SW1 is an 8-bit DIP switch; pins 1-8 of the DIP switch SW1 are electrically connected to pins 21-25, 41, 44, and 26 of the ARM chip U7, respectively; pins 9-16 of the DIP switch SW1 are electrically connected to ground. One end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is electrically connected to pin 1 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the twenty-third resistor R23 is connected to a +3.3V voltage. One end of the twenty-first resistor R21 is electrically connected to one end of the twenty-fourth capacitor C24 and then grounded; the other end of the twenty-fourth capacitor C24 is electrically connected to pin 7 of the ARM chip U7 and one end of the twenty-second resistor R22; the other end of the twenty-second resistor R22 is electrically connected to pins 64, 48, 32, and 19 of the ARM chip U7 and then connected to a +3.3V voltage. Pin 1 of the fifth terminal J5 is connected to +3.3V; pin 2 of the fifth terminal J5 is electrically connected to pin 46 of the ARM chip U7; pin 3 of the fifth terminal J5 is electrically connected to pin 49 of the ARM chip U7; pin 4 of the fifth terminal J5 is grounded.

6. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 5, characterized in that, The battery parameter storage module (300) includes a fifth memory chip U5; wherein: the model of the fifth memory chip U5 is AT24C02; pins 1-4 of the fifth memory chip U5 are electrically connected and then grounded; pin 6 of the fifth memory chip U5 is electrically connected to pin 58 of the ARM chip U7; pin 5 of the fifth memory chip U5 is electrically connected to pin 59 of the ARM chip U7; and pin 8 of the fifth memory chip U5 is connected to a +5V voltage.

7. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 6, characterized in that, The communication module (800) includes: a 21st communication chip U21 and a 6th terminal block J6; wherein: the 21st communication chip U21 is model CTM1051AT; pins 1-3 of the 6th terminal block J6 are electrically connected to pins 8, 7, and 6 of the 21st communication chip U21 respectively; pin 1 of the 21st communication chip U21 is connected to +5V voltage; pin 2 of the 21st communication chip U21 is grounded; pin 3 of the 21st communication chip U21 is electrically connected to pin 62 of the ARM chip U7; pin 4 of the 21st communication chip U21 is electrically connected to pin 61 of the ARM chip U7.

8. The lead-acid battery equalization device according to claim 7, characterized in that, The analog power supply module (400) includes: the fourth analog power supply chip U4, the twelfth capacitor C12, the thirteenth capacitor C13, the fourteenth capacitor C14, and the fifteenth capacitor C15; Among them: the model of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is ISL60002DAH333Z; Pin 1 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is electrically connected to one end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 and one end of the twelfth capacitor C12 and then connected to a +5V voltage; the other end of the thirteenth capacitor C13 and the other end of the twelfth capacitor C12 are electrically connected to ground. Pin 2 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4 is electrically connected to one end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 and one end of the fifteenth capacitor C15, and is electrically connected to pin 13 of the ARM chip U7; the other end of the fourteenth capacitor C14 and the other end of the fifteenth capacitor C15 are electrically connected and then electrically connected to pin 3 of the fourth analog power supply chip U4.

9. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 8, characterized in that, The power module (500) includes: the sixth power chip U6, the sixteenth capacitor C16, the nineteenth capacitor C19, the eighteenth capacitor C18, the twenty-fifth capacitor C25, the zero resistor R0, the eleventh capacitor C11, and the seventeenth capacitor C17. Among them: the sixth power chip U6 is model NCP1117; After pins 0 and 2 of the sixth power chip U6 are connected, they are electrically connected to one end of the eighteenth capacitor C18, one end of the twenty-fifth capacitor C25, one end of the seventeenth capacitor C17, and one end of the zero resistor R0; the other end of the zero resistor R0 is electrically connected to one end of the eleventh capacitor C11 and the other end of the seventeenth capacitor C17, and then connected to a +3.3V voltage. Pin 3 of the sixth power chip U6 is electrically connected to one end of the sixteenth capacitor C16 and one end of the nineteenth capacitor C19, and then connected to a +5V voltage. Pin 1 of the sixth power chip U6 is electrically connected to the other end of the sixteenth capacitor C16, the nineteenth capacitor C19, the eighteenth capacitor C18, the twenty-fifth capacitor C25, the eleventh capacitor C11, and the seventeenth capacitor C17, and then grounded.

10. The lead-acid battery balancing device according to claim 9, characterized in that, The fifty-third resistor R53 and the sixtieth resistor R60 are discharge resistors, both of which are 5W 30Ω aluminum-cased resistors.

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