Universal plunger ball face grinding device

Abstract

The utility model relates to ultra -precision machining equipment technical field, concretely for a kind of general plunger spherical grinding device, including rack, grinding wheel spindle mechanism, plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, measurement detection mechanism and control system;The grinding wheel spindle mechanism includes riser, adjusting frame, arc toothed plate, arc slide rail, grinding wheel spindle, vertical lifting servo motor, swing arm angle adjustment servo motor and feed servo motor, lifting slide rail mechanism is equipped between the riser with the rack, the vertical lifting servo motor is installed on the rack, the vertical lifting servo motor is used to adjust the height of the riser, the arc toothed plate and arc slide rail are all installed on the riser, and the device is strong in universality, can be adapted to multiple specifications plunger, machining precision and efficiency significantly improve, can effectively improve spherical roundness and surface roughness, prolong the service life of final product.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This utility model relates to the field of ultra-precision machining equipment technology, specifically a universal plunger spherical grinding device. Background Technology

[0002] As is well known, the spherical grinding of plungers falls under the category of ultra-precision machining. Its core task is to upgrade the rough-machined spherical surface into a surface with reliable functions. The machining quality of this spherical surface is directly related to whether the design value of the ball plunger can be fully realized, and thus affects the overall performance and service life of the final product.

[0003] Currently, the industry primarily uses traditional methods for grinding the spherical surface of plungers. Specifically, the plunger is clamped and fixed on a conventional lathe, and then the grinding operation is completed by manually swinging a grinding wheel or using an electric swing table to drive the wheel's swing. This existing technology has several significant drawbacks: From a process flow perspective, the lack of real-time monitoring means necessitates repeated machine stops to disassemble the plunger and measure the product diameter, resulting in cumbersome procedures, poor continuity, and severely impacting the processing pace. Regarding processing accuracy, the spherical roundness of the product depends entirely on the mechanical precision of the electric swing table or the operator's manual control precision. However, factors such as mechanical wear of the swing table, human error during manual operation, and vibrations during processing all contribute to difficulties in guaranteeing the final product's accuracy, failing to meet the requirements of ultra-precision machining. In terms of processing efficiency, frequent machine stops for measurement and reliance on manual or low-precision swing tables result in slow overall processing speeds. Furthermore, such equipment typically only accommodates a single plunger specification, exhibiting extremely poor versatility and failing to meet the demands of large-scale, multi-specification production. Utility Model Content

[0004] (a) Technical problems to be solved To address the core shortcomings of existing plunger spherical grinding technologies, namely "low precision, slow efficiency, and poor versatility," the purpose of this utility model is to provide an integrated and automated grinding device. By optimizing the mechanical structure and detection logic, it can correct spherical errors, improve surface roughness, and simultaneously enhance processing efficiency and equipment versatility, thus fully releasing the design value of the ball-head plunger.

[0005] (II) Technical Solution To achieve the above objectives, this utility model provides the following technical solution: a universal plunger spherical grinding device, comprising a frame, a grinding wheel spindle mechanism, a plunger clamping and transport mechanism, a measurement and detection mechanism, and a control system; The grinding wheel spindle mechanism includes a lifting frame, an adjusting frame, an arc-shaped toothed plate, an arc-shaped slide rail, a grinding wheel spindle, a vertical lifting servo motor, a swing arm angle adjustment servo motor, and a feed servo motor. A lifting slide rail mechanism is provided between the lifting frame and the machine frame. The vertical lifting servo motor is mounted on the machine frame and is used to adjust the height of the lifting frame. The arc-shaped toothed plate and the arc-shaped slide rail are both mounted on the lifting frame. An adjusting shaft is provided between one end of the adjusting frame and the lifting frame, and a slider is provided between the other end of the adjusting frame and the arc-shaped slide rail. The grinding wheel spindle is used to clamp the grinding wheel and drive it to rotate. The swing arm angle adjustment servo motor is mounted on the adjusting frame, and its output end is equipped with a gear. The gear meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate. The feed servo motor is mounted on the adjusting frame and is connected to the grinding wheel spindle to provide a constant feed force. The plunger clamping and transfer mechanism includes a plunger rotation clamping mechanism and at least two plunger clamping spindles. A rotation mechanism is provided between the plunger clamping spindles and the frame. The plunger rotation clamping mechanism is mounted on the plunger clamping spindles and has a three-jaw head structure. The measurement and testing mechanism includes a plunger height measuring sensor and a spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument. Both the plunger height measuring sensor and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument are mounted on the lifting frame. The plunger height measuring sensor is used to measure the plunger height for error compensation, and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument is used to measure the plunger ball diameter in real time during the processing. The control system is electrically connected to the grinding wheel spindle mechanism, the plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, and the measurement and detection mechanism to control the coordinated operation of each mechanism.

[0006] Furthermore, the plunger clamping spindle is provided with two spindles, corresponding to the rough grinding station and the fine grinding station respectively, which, together with the plunger rotation clamping mechanism, realize the continuous rough grinding and fine grinding of the plunger.

[0007] Furthermore, the maximum speed of the grinding wheel spindle is 15,000 rpm.

[0008] Furthermore, the device is compatible with plunger ball diameters ranging from 3mm to 30mm.

[0009] Furthermore, the active measuring instrument for measuring the spherical diameter can ensure that the roundness of the processed sphere is ≤3μm.

[0010] (III) Beneficial Effects Compared with the prior art, this utility model provides a universal plunger spherical grinding device, which has the following beneficial effects: This universal plunger spherical grinding device employs the envelope method principle for spherical grinding. The grinding wheel spindle 6 requires no oscillation, and the optimized mechanical structure design significantly enhances the overall rigidity of the device, fundamentally reducing precision errors during the grinding process. Simultaneously, the device is equipped with a spherical diameter measuring instrument that monitors the processing status of the plunger spherical surface in real time during grinding, promptly feeding the detection data back to the control system. The system can dynamically adjust processing parameters based on the data, effectively correcting spherical errors, significantly improving surface roughness, and ensuring that the processed spherical surface meets the requirements of a high-precision functional surface.

[0011] Thanks to the real-time detection function of the active measuring instrument for spherical diameter, the machining process eliminates the need for repeated machine stops for clamping and measurement as required by traditional techniques. The plunger can be formed in a single clamping operation, significantly reducing auxiliary processing time. Furthermore, the device employs a dual-spindle head design, corresponding to rough grinding and fine grinding stations respectively. Combined with the rapid station switching function of the plunger rotation clamping mechanism, continuous rough and fine grinding operations can be achieved, reducing waiting time between processes and significantly improving the processing speed of a single plunger.

[0012] The device can flexibly adjust the spindle height via a vertical lifting servo motor for the grinding wheel spindle, and precisely adjust the spindle arm angle via a servo motor for adjusting the angle of the grinding wheel spindle arm. Combined with the parameter adaptation function of the control system, it can meet the processing requirements of plungers of different specifications without the need to change special tooling fixtures for plungers of different specifications, thus reducing equipment investment costs and production changeover costs, and improving the overall utilization rate of the equipment. Attached Figure Description

[0013] Figure 1 This is a first-view structural diagram of the present invention; Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the second-view structure of the present invention; Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the third-view structure of this utility model; Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the fourth-view structure of this utility model.

[0014] In the diagram: 1. Vertical lifting servo motor; 2. Swing arm angle adjustment servo motor; 3. Feed servo motor; 4. Plunger height measuring sensor; 5. Spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument; 6. Grinding wheel spindle; 7. Plunger rotation clamping mechanism; 8. Plunger clamping spindle; 9. Arc-shaped toothed plate; 10. Gear; 11. Arc-shaped slide rail; 12. Frame; 13. Lifting frame; 14. Adjusting frame; 15. Lifting slide rail mechanism; 16. Rotation mechanism. Detailed Implementation

[0015] The technical solutions of the present utility model will be clearly and completely described below with reference to the accompanying drawings of the embodiments. Obviously, the described embodiments are only some embodiments of the present utility model, and not all embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present utility model, all other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art without creative effort are within the protection scope of the present utility model.

[0016] Please see Figures 1-4 This utility model is a general plunger spherical grinding device, including a frame 12, a grinding wheel spindle mechanism, a plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, a measurement and detection mechanism, and a control system; The grinding wheel spindle mechanism includes a lifting frame 13, an adjusting frame 14, an arc-shaped toothed plate 9, an arc-shaped slide rail 11, a grinding wheel spindle 6, a vertical lifting servo motor 1, a swing arm angle adjustment servo motor 2, and a feed servo motor 3. A lifting slide rail mechanism 15 is provided between the lifting frame 13 and the machine frame 12. The vertical lifting servo motor 1 is mounted on the machine frame 12 and is used to adjust the height of the lifting frame 13. The arc-shaped toothed plate 9 and the arc-shaped slide rail 11 are both mounted on the lifting frame 13. 3. An adjustment shaft is provided between one end of the adjustment frame 14 and the lifting frame 13, and a slider is provided between the other end of the adjustment frame 14 and the arc-shaped slide rail 11. The grinding wheel spindle 6 is used to clamp the grinding wheel and drive the grinding wheel to rotate. The swing arm angle adjustment servo motor 2 is mounted on the adjustment frame 14, and its output end is provided with a gear 10. The gear 10 meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate 9. The feed servo motor 3 is mounted on the adjustment frame 14 and is connected to the grinding wheel spindle 6 to provide a constant feed force. The plunger clamping and transfer mechanism includes a plunger rotation clamping mechanism 7 and at least two plunger clamping spindles 8. A rotating mechanism 16 is provided between the plunger clamping spindle 8 and the frame 12. The plunger rotation clamping mechanism 7 is mounted on the plunger clamping spindle 8 and has a three-jaw head structure. The measurement and testing mechanism includes a plunger height measuring sensor 4 and a spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument 5. Both the plunger height measuring sensor 4 and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument 5 are mounted on the lifting frame 13. The plunger height measuring sensor 4 is used to measure the plunger height for error compensation, and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument 5 is used to measure the plunger ball diameter in real time during the processing. The control system is electrically connected to the grinding wheel spindle mechanism, the plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, and the measurement and detection mechanism to control the coordinated operation of each mechanism. In this embodiment, after the device is started, the control system automatically initializes the grinding wheel spindle mechanism, the plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, and the measurement and detection mechanism. The operator presets the specifications of the plunger to be processed, such as the ball diameter and height, through the control system. The plunger height measuring sensor 4 of the measurement and detection mechanism first calibrates the reference part to ensure the accuracy of subsequent measurements. The vertical lifting servo motor 1 drives the lifting slide rail mechanism 15 on the frame 12, which moves the lifting frame 13 vertically until the height of the grinding wheel spindle 6 matches the clamping height of the plunger to be processed, controlled by the control system according to preset parameters or sensor feedback signals. The servo motor 2 for adjusting the swing arm angle starts, and the gear 10 at its output end meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate 9 on the lifting frame 13 for transmission. At the same time, the slider at the other end of the adjusting frame 14 slides along the arc-shaped slide rail 11, driving the grinding wheel spindle 6 to rotate around the adjusting shaft until the grinding wheel angle is adapted to the ball diameter surface of the plunger to be processed. Based on the envelope grinding principle, the grinding wheel spindle 6 does not need to swing. The plunger rotation clamping mechanism 7 uses a three-jaw structure to grip the plunger to be processed. Under the command of the control system, the plunger is transferred to one of the plunger clamping spindles 8. The clamping spindle fixes the plunger and drives it to rotate through the rotation mechanism 16, completing the loading and pre-processing positioning. The grinding wheel spindle 6 starts and drives the grinding wheel to rotate. The feed servo motor 3 applies a constant feed force to the grinding wheel spindle 6, so that the grinding wheel contacts the spherical surface of the plunger and performs grinding. During the processing, the plunger clamping spindle 8 continuously drives the plunger to rotate, and in conjunction with the posture of the grinding wheel and the feed action, the ultra-precision machining of the spherical surface is achieved. The plunger height measuring sensor 4 monitors the actual plunger height in real time. If there is a deviation from the standard value, it immediately feeds the signal back to the control system. The system automatically adjusts the height or feed rate of the grinding wheel spindle 6 to complete the height error compensation. The active measuring instrument 5 synchronously detects the plunger ball diameter in real time and dynamically tracks changes in the machining dimensions. When the active measuring instrument detects that the ball diameter has reached the preset value, the control system commands the feed servo motor 3 to stop feeding, and the grinding wheel spindle 6 to decelerate. The plunger rotation clamping mechanism 7 grabs the machined plunger and moves it to the unloading area; at the same time, it grabs a new plunger to be machined and moves it to an idle clamping spindle to start the next round of machining, realizing continuous operation.

[0017] In this design, two plunger clamping spindles 8 are provided, corresponding to the rough grinding station and the fine grinding station respectively. Together with the plunger rotation clamping mechanism 7, they enable continuous rough and fine grinding of the plunger. This dual-spindle design allows one spindle to perform rough grinding while the other spindle simultaneously performs fine grinding or loading, eliminating process intervals. This completely solves the problems of single-process processing and long waiting times in existing technologies, significantly shortening the processing cycle for a single part. It also avoids secondary clamping of the plunger between rough and fine grinding, reducing clamping errors and indirectly improving machining accuracy.

[0018] In this design, the maximum rotational speed of the grinding wheel spindle 6 is 15,000 rpm. The grinding efficiency of the grinding wheel is directly related to its linear velocity. When the maximum rotational speed of the grinding wheel spindle 6 reaches 15,000 rpm, the linear velocity of the grinding wheel edge can be significantly increased, accelerating the material removal rate on the plunger spherical surface. The higher the linear velocity, the more times the grinding wheel contacts and rubs against the workpiece per unit time.

[0019] In this solution, the device is compatible with plunger ball diameters ranging from 3mm to 30mm. The control system presets the height and angle parameters corresponding to different ball diameters: ball diameters as small as 3mm correspond to small swing angles and low heights, while ball diameters up to 30mm correspond to large swing angles and high heights. This allows for compatibility without changing grinding wheels or clamping fixtures. It enables universal machining of plungers of various specifications, reducing equipment investment costs.

[0020] In this solution, the active measuring instrument 5 for measuring the spherical diameter ensures that the roundness of the machined sphere is ≤3μm. The active measuring instrument 5 employs high-precision sensing technology such as laser or contact probes to collect sphere diameter data in real time with a resolution of ≤0.1μm during the grinding process. When the data reaches a preset value, it immediately sends a stop-feed signal to the control system to avoid over-grinding. Simultaneously, it utilizes the high-rigidity envelope method principle of "no oscillation of the grinding wheel spindle 6" to reduce vibration errors during the grinding process. This controls the spherical roundness to within 3μm, meeting the functional surface requirements of ultra-precision machining.

[0021] Although embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be understood by those skilled in the art that various changes, modifications, substitutions and alterations can be made to these embodiments without departing from the principles and spirit of the present invention, the scope of which is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A universal plunger spherical grinding device, characterized in that, Includes a frame (12), a grinding wheel spindle mechanism, a plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, a measurement and testing mechanism, and a control system; The grinding wheel spindle mechanism includes a lifting frame (13), an adjusting frame (14), an arc-shaped toothed plate (9), an arc-shaped slide rail (11), a grinding wheel spindle (6), a vertical lifting servo motor (1), a swing arm angle adjustment servo motor (2), and a feed servo motor (3). A lifting slide rail mechanism (15) is provided between the lifting frame (13) and the frame (12). The vertical lifting servo motor (1) is mounted on the frame (12) and is used to adjust the height of the lifting frame (13). The arc-shaped toothed plate (9) and the arc-shaped slide rail (11) are both mounted on the lifting frame (13). On the lowering frame (13), an adjustment shaft is provided between one end of the adjustment frame (14) and the lifting frame (13), and a slider is provided between the other end of the adjustment frame (14) and the arc-shaped slide rail (11). The grinding wheel spindle (6) is used to clamp the grinding wheel and drive the grinding wheel to rotate. The swing arm angle adjustment servo motor (2) is installed on the adjustment frame (14), and its output end is provided with a gear (10). The gear (10) meshes with the arc-shaped toothed plate (9). The feed servo motor (3) is installed on the adjustment frame (14), and it is connected to the grinding wheel spindle (6) to provide a constant feed force. The plunger clamping and transfer mechanism includes a plunger rotation clamping mechanism (7) and at least two plunger clamping spindles (8). A rotating mechanism (16) is provided between the plunger clamping spindle (8) and the frame (12). The plunger rotation clamping mechanism (7) is mounted on the plunger clamping spindle (8). The plunger rotation clamping mechanism (7) is a three-jaw head structure. The measurement and testing mechanism includes a plunger height measuring sensor (4) and a spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument (5). Both the plunger height measuring sensor (4) and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument (5) are installed on the lifting frame (13). The plunger height measuring sensor (4) is used to measure the plunger height for error compensation, and the spherical diameter measuring active measuring instrument (5) is used to measure the plunger ball diameter in real time during the processing. The control system is electrically connected to the grinding wheel spindle mechanism, the plunger clamping and transfer mechanism, and the measurement and detection mechanism to control the coordinated operation of each mechanism.

2. The universal plunger spherical grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The plunger clamping spindle (8) is provided in two parts, corresponding to the rough grinding station and the fine grinding station respectively, and works in conjunction with the plunger rotation clamping mechanism (7) to realize continuous rough grinding and fine grinding of the plunger.

3. The universal plunger spherical grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The maximum speed of the grinding wheel spindle (6) is 15,000 rpm.

4. The universal plunger spherical grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The device is compatible with plunger ball diameters ranging from 3mm to 30mm.

5. A universal plunger spherical grinding device according to claim 1, characterized in that, The active measuring instrument (5) for measuring the diameter of the sphere can ensure that the roundness of the processed sphere is ≤3μm.

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