Relief phase pressure control device, milking cup sleeve and modular milking cup sleeve system with pressure control in the relief phase

Abstract

Relief phase pressure control device (100, 200) which is designed as a milking cup connection device (100, 200) for mechanical coupling with a milking cup sleeve part (280) receiving an elastic teat receptacle (291) and has a pulsation area (110, 210) with a first connection (211) designed for connecting a pulsation line, a vacuum area (120, 220) with a second connection (221) designed for connection to a milk discharge line, and a controllable fluid connection (130, 230) between the pulsation range (110, 210) and the vacuum range (120, 220), wherein the fluid connection (130, 230) is controllable such that in a first operating state with a first pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection (130, 230) is at least temporarily open, and that in a second operating state with a second pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection (130, 230) is closed, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure, wherein, for the targeted introduction of air / gas into the negative pressure area (120, 220), a lip valve (135) is provided which is inserted into a bore (132) formed in the milking cup connection device (100, 200) and opens into the negative pressure area (120, 220) and is connected to the pulsation area (110, 210) via a channel (134) and a line (133).

Description

[0001] The present invention relates generally to the field of milking technology and in particular to the area of ​​the actual milking process, wherein milk is extracted from a teat via a milking cup by means of a milking system.

[0002] Dairy cows are predominantly milked using automated or at least semi-automated milking systems. These systems generally consist of a vacuum pump that generates the operating vacuum, a milk line that carries milk from one or more milking stalls, and usually several milking units. The milking units typically have a number of teat cups appropriate to the specific animal species. These cups are individually positioned on the animal's teat and adhere to it due to the operating vacuum created by the pump.

[0003] Depending on the milking strategy used, milk extraction is carried out with or without stimulation of the animal, typically resulting in a pulsating flow of milk from the teat. This means the milking cup is equipped with an elastic teat cup liner, also known as a teat cup sleeve, which is inserted into a milking cup sleeve and mechanically stabilized by the sleeve. The liner is connected to the necessary fittings for draining the extracted milk. The elastic teat cup liner, with its outer wall in conjunction with the inner wall of the milking cup sleeve, defines a pulsation chamber or pressure fluctuation chamber. This chamber is alternately subjected to pressure and vacuum, so that during operation, when vacuum is present in the milk drainage line and thus within the teat cup liner, the liner folds inward when the pulsation chamber is pressurized, for example, to atmospheric pressure.This phase is also referred to as the release phase. During this release phase, the elastic teat cup is pressed much more intensely against the teat, usually leading to a closure of the teat canal and thus an interruption of the milk flow from the teat. Simultaneously, this folding of the teat cup has a massaging effect on the teat.

[0004] Conversely, when the pulsation chamber is subjected to negative pressure, the elastic teat cup unfolds due to its inherent elasticity and the lack of or very low pressure difference between the pulsation chamber and the teat-enclosing interior of the teat cup below the teat, thus relieving the lateral pressure on the teat canal. This allows for essentially unimpeded milk flow due to the operating negative pressure within the teat cup in the area below the teat. This phase is subsequently referred to as the suckling phase. The frequency and corresponding durations of these phases are generally adjustable based on animal-specific characteristics.Typically, the frequency of a complete cycle, i.e., suckling phase plus relief phase, is 40 to 70 cycles per minute in larger dairy animals and up to 120 or more cycles per minute in smaller dairy animals, such as sheep and goats, with a "cycle ratio" of suckling phase to relief phase of about 70% to 30% to about 40% to 60%.

[0005] Although this milking technique has generally proven successful, certain factors must still be considered. For example, at the beginning of the release phase, the massaging effect on the teat interrupts the milk flow, causing the milk already present in the milk tube to form a kind of milk plug that must now be drained through the milk line. However, during the drainage of this milk plug, the vacuum above it—that is, between the teat and the plug—can increase due to the plug's initial movement and the resulting increase in the volume of the empty space between the plug and the underside of the teat. This decreases the absolute pressure, thus reducing the pressure difference between the suction vacuum in the milk line and the increasing vacuum between the underside of the teat and the milk plug, and making it more difficult for the milk to flow out.

[0006] Furthermore, the increase in negative pressure, i.e., the decreasing absolute pressure, is also unfavorable for the teat during the actual release phase. While it experiences a massaging effect, it is also subjected to greater stress due to the increased negative pressure. When switching to the sucking phase, i.e., when the teat cup's invagination is lifted by creating negative pressure in the pulsation space, the previously formed milk plug can potentially be accelerated back towards the teat, leading to an undesirable, highly turbulent flow or even wetting of the teat. This means that the milk's ability to drain is generally reduced due to the lower pressure differential after the milk plug is formed, as described above. Additionally, the pulsating nature of milking can result in very turbulent flow conditions.Under these dynamic conditions, the milk from different udder quarters mixes. If the teat is wetted by the milk plug, which is moving towards the teat, and one udder quarter is infected, germs can be introduced into an otherwise uninfected udder quarter.

[0007] Therefore, to ensure satisfactory milk drainage, the operating vacuum is often increased accordingly; that is, the absolute pressure is further reduced, creating a greater pressure differential between the atmosphere and the (negative) pressure in the milk piping system. This ensures that sufficient milk can be drained under all circumstances. However, the numerically higher vacuum can potentially have adverse effects on the teat due to the increased pressure and can also contribute to greater turbulence, although the desired level of milk extraction can generally be achieved.

[0008] Additionally, attempts are made to introduce air into the milk line at suitable points to counteract the reduction in pressure differential during the removal of a milk plug. Therefore, for example, air inlet openings are provided at appropriate locations to allow a continuous supply of outside air, thus reducing the occurrence of a significant negative pressure under the teat during milk removal. However, this measure represents a compromise between, on the one hand, the generally increased power required from the vacuum pump, which must compensate for the introduction of the additional air to maintain a desired average operating negative pressure, and, on the other hand, the goal of keeping the pressure differential between the pressure under the teat and the rest of the milk line as low as possible, particularly during the release phase, as this differential would hinder the removal of the milk plug.

[0009] In other systems, a periodic, i.e., controlled, air intake is implemented, so that air is specifically introduced during the phase of milk plug removal. This prevents an increase in the numerical magnitude of the negative pressure, i.e., a decrease in the absolute pressure, under the teat, or even causes a slight increase in pressure. The resulting pressure difference between the end of the milk plug facing the teat and the milk duct beneath the teat promotes efficient milk removal and also essentially prevents the milk plug from being accelerated back towards the teat at the start of the next suckling phase.Because air is only introduced during a specific phase, it is possible to introduce a larger volume of air within a short time interval. However, on average, no more air, or possibly even less, is introduced into the entire milk duct system compared to a continuous air intake. Therefore, the additional power required from the vacuum pump remains minimal. For this purpose, so-called air intake valves are used, which, while performing the desired function in principle, have a complex design.

[0010] Another problem associated with milk flow and the introduction of additional air into the milk is the fact that, generally, the quality of the milk can be adversely affected when it comes into contact with air. Without limiting the present application to a mere theory, it is nevertheless assumed that, in particular, contact between air and more or less turbulently flowing milk, or even "frothy" milk in the milk line (as can be caused, for example, by turbulent flow conditions), leads to an interaction with the free fatty acids in the milk, resulting in increased oxidation of these fatty acids.It is assumed that this interaction of the air with the free fatty acids or with other components of the milk, in particular, favored by a large surface area of ​​the turbulently flowing or "foamed" milk, leads at least to a significant impairment of the milk's taste, so that, for example, certain dairy products suffer significant losses in quality.

[0011] Another important factor for milk quality is the mechanical "damage" to the milk, particularly during the transfer of milk from the teat into a milk container, as well as during temporary storage and transport to the dairy. It is assumed that the mechanical interaction of milk components, such as fat droplets, with the components involved in the milk transfer process leads to the premature release of enzymes, which then alters the milk's properties in a way that is undesirable at this stage of milk production.

[0012] Furthermore, when using air inlet valves, which vary in design depending on their construction, the effort required to clean the milking equipment can be considerable, as only regular cleaning ensures the proper functioning of the periodic air intake during milking. Impaired valve function can even lead to a less favorable pressure profile during milking, resulting in reduced milk yield and additional strain on the animal's teat.

[0013] With reference to Fig. 5. The pressure conditions that occur in a conventional milking cup, in which a small amount of air from the ambient atmosphere is constantly supplied to the area below the teat in order to at least partially eliminate the disadvantages of milking described above.

[0014] Fig. Figure 5 shows the pressure profile in a pulsation chamber or pressure fluctuation chamber, which is formed in a milking cup by mounting an elastic teat holder in a milking cup sleeve, as mentioned previously. The space between the inner wall of the milking cup sleeve and the outer wall of the elastic teat holder forms a gas-tight chamber. A corresponding pressure source, also called a pulsator, is fluidically connected to this pulsation chamber via a pulsation line and a suitably designed connection.

[0015] Curve A shows the pressure profile in the pulsation chamber or an associated area. The vertical axis is labelled in the industry-standard manner, so that a decrease in absolute pressure is represented by an increase in the numerical value of the vacuum in kilopascals (kPa). That is, a value of zero on the pressure curve represents ambient atmospheric pressure, and increasing values ​​indicate an increasing vacuum or vacuum relative to ambient atmospheric pressure. Thus, a large numerical value on the pressure curve indicates a low absolute pressure and therefore a "high" vacuum.

[0016] The following explanations describe the pressure conditions during operation. That is, a vacuum pump generates a constant negative pressure in the milk-draining line and thus inside the elastic teat cup. This vacuum pressure varies, particularly in the teat area, as previously described qualitatively. In curve A, a time phase labeled S, also known as the suction phase, is created in the pulsation chamber due to the connection with the pulsator. This means that within approximately one-tenth of a second, air is drawn out of the pulsation chamber, and the operating vacuum generated by the vacuum pump is established. In the example shown, this vacuum pressure is approximately 42 kPa.The negative pressure required for the pulsator and the negative pressure present in the milk line are usually generated by one and the same vacuum pump, but can also be generated by individually decoupled vacuum pumps.

[0017] After approximately 0.6 seconds, the pulsation chamber is pressurized with atmospheric pressure, initiating the so-called relief phase E. The pressure in the pulsation chamber corresponds to the ambient atmospheric pressure, resulting in a large pressure difference to the interior of the teat cup. This causes the teat cup to fold and interrupts the milk flow from the teat. After approximately another 0.4 seconds, air is reintroduced into the pulsation chamber, ultimately restoring the operating negative pressure.

[0018] Curve B describes the pressure profile immediately below the teat. As shown, a certain negative pressure develops during the suckling phase, which is below the actual operating negative pressure for much of this phase. During this suckling phase S, there is only a very small pressure difference between the interior of the elastic teat cup, i.e., in the area below the teat, and the pulsation chamber, so that the elastic teat cup essentially retains its normal, unloaded shape, allowing milk to flow from the teat relatively unimpeded.

[0019] As previously mentioned, this conventional milking process involves a continuous supply of outside air, which, depending on the size of the air supply line, typically results in a certain pressure loss compared to the vacuum level in the pulsation chamber. Therefore, a correspondingly high vacuum level is generally required to achieve the desired milking performance, i.e., milk flow, during the suction phase (S). As explained earlier, the vacuum pump must provide the necessary additional pumping power to maintain the required operating vacuum despite the continuous air supply.

[0020] At the start of the release phase, the continuous supply of ambient air results in a reduction of the negative pressure, or rather an increase in the absolute pressure, under the teat, allowing the milk plug to drain efficiently. However, curve B shows that this desired decrease in negative pressure is only relatively short-lived, and the pressure under the teat then rises again to approximately 35 kPa. When the pressure in the pulsation chamber switches to initiate the next suckling phase, a slight increase in negative pressure is observed, caused by the unfolding of the elastic teat cup. Subsequently, an average pressure of approximately 35 to 36 kPa is re-established under the teat.

[0021] The pressure conditions under the teat, as shown in curve B, depend, among other things, on the current milk flow and, in particular, on the size or diameter of the supply line for the continuous air supply. It is evident, however, that a relatively high operating vacuum of approximately 42 kPa is required to discharge the amount of milk taken, while the desired decrease in vacuum during the release phase E is very slight and only lasts for a short time. This means that a relatively simple design approach to improving the pressure conditions during milking only partially achieves the desired pressure profile, for example, during the release phase, but requires a relatively high operating vacuum. Furthermore, the decrease in vacuum only occurs when there is sufficient milk flow; without milk in the line, the full operating vacuum acts on the teat tissue.

[0022] On the other hand, the pressure profile can be improved by providing the aforementioned controlled valves, which selectively allow air intake from the ambient atmosphere only during the relief phase; however, this requires a higher level of design effort for both the milking cup itself and the valve, and also necessitates the aforementioned additional measures for cleaning the corresponding valves.

[0023] The German patent application DE 25 23 465 A1 describes, among other things, a valve that temporarily relieves pressure in the negative pressure area under the teat. A corresponding section of pipe is not located on the outside of the milking cup sleeve, but rather inside the milking cup, so that part of this pipe protrudes into the negative pressure area and is equipped with a drip nozzle to prevent unwanted milk ingress during various operating phases.

[0024] The publication DE 10 2016 215 633 A1 describes a modular milking cup system.

[0025] The publication DE 10 2016 213 519 A1 shows various valve devices intended for pressure relief tasks during the milking process.

[0026] In view of the situation described above, it is therefore an object of the present invention to provide means that can generally contribute to a desired pressure profile during the milking process and thus to an increase in the efficiency of milk drainage, and to mitigate at least one of the aforementioned limitations.

[0027] According to the invention, the problem is solved by a relief phase pressure control device according to claim 1, a milking cup sleeve according to claim 4 and a modular milking cup sleeve system according to claim 7.

[0028] Further embodiments are specified in the respective dependent claims.

[0029] A pulsation zone, as defined by the invention, is a spatial region in which, during the milking process—that is, with a constant negative pressure in the milk line and thus inside the elastic teat cup—alternate high and low pressure prevail, in order to perform the typical milking process with a suction phase and a release phase described above. In other words, the pulsation zone is a spatial region connected to a pulsation chamber or pressure-change chamber, which is formed in a milking cup sleeve after the elastic teat cup is mounted, and is alternately subjected to the high and low pressure in the pulsation chamber or pressure-change chamber via the first connection.

[0030] A "high" or "higher" pressure refers to the pressure that causes the elastic teat cup to fold during milking, i.e., when a constant negative pressure prevails inside the teat cup and in the milk delivery line. This pressure is generally close to atmospheric pressure. In certain applications, the first, "high" pressure can also be higher than or lower than atmospheric pressure if the pressure source or pulsator operates independently of the ambient atmosphere. The second, "lower" pressure is a pressure, often referred to as a vacuum, which generally corresponds to the operating negative pressure generated by a vacuum pump during milking.In this application, the term second, “lower” pressure is intended to refer to a negative pressure relative to the atmospheric ambient pressure, which, among other things, results in the elasticity of the elastic teat receptacle returning to its original, i.e., unloaded, shape during the suckling phase, thus enabling an almost unimpeded drainage of milk from the teat.

[0031] The "negative pressure zone" generally refers to a space that, during the milking process, is connected to the interior of the elastic teat cup and all other volumes connected to the milking line, so that a certain negative pressure is present there at least permanently, but this can vary depending on the location and phase during the milking process, as previously described with reference to Fig. 5 is explained.

[0032] In general, the relief phase pressure control device represents part of the pressure control in the milking cup or even part of a milking cup sleeve itself if the relief phase pressure control device is designed as a milking cup connection device and then typically represents the "lower" area of ​​the milking cup, if the part of the milking cup sleeve into which the teat is inserted during the milking process is referred to as the "top".

[0033] In the pressure control unit for the relief phase, the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone are thus arranged close to each other, allowing for a very compact design of the corresponding controllable fluid connection. This means that the controllable fluid connection between the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone enables the controlled introduction of air / gas during the first operating phase, which corresponds to the relief phase. The controlled opening and closing of the fluid connection is achieved through suitable means, including a lip valve. As explained in more detail below, the controllability of the fluid connection can be achieved using structurally simple means, so that, compared to conventional milking cup sleeves, the effort required to control the air / gas introduction remains relatively low.The relief phase pressure control device, if designed as an assembly independent of the milking cup sleeve part, can be arranged at any point and connected via a suitable fluid line to the milking cup sleeve or a section of the milk discharge line and the pulsator line located near the milking cup sleeve.

[0034] By selectively opening the fluid connection during the initial operating state, i.e., at least during part of the discharge phase, a defined quantity of air or gas, depending on the operating gas used for pulsation, can be introduced into the vacuum zone. This allows for the establishment of advantageous pressure conditions for draining the milk from the teat after the milk flow is interrupted. In particular, this method allows for better control of the duration of air or gas introduction into the vacuum zone compared to continuous air injection. This enables a more effective reduction of the vacuum, i.e., an increase in the absolute pressure within the vacuum zone, during the critical discharge phase, without increasing, or even reducing, the total amount of gas or air introduced into the milk.Accordingly, more favorable flow conditions can be created during milk removal, thus reducing the likelihood of turbulent flow and all its detrimental effects on the milk. By selectively increasing or reducing the absolute pressure during the discharge phase, the maximum operating vacuum value can typically also be lowered, resulting in less damaging pressure on the teat and therefore more humane milking.

[0035] In an advantageous embodiment, the opening of the controllable fluid connection is controlled by a positive pressure differential between the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone. A positive pressure differential is understood to mean that the absolute pressure in the pulsation zone is higher than the absolute pressure in the vacuum zone. Since typical milking systems generate alternating high and low pressures in the pulsation zone, this type of control automatically ensures that the fluid connection opens when high pressure builds up in the pulsation zone, without requiring any further control measures. Suitable means for this purpose are provided in the form of a lip valve.In other unclaimed variants, these means are provided, for example, in the form of a check valve, which experiences a restoring force through one or more influences such as spring force, elastic deformation, gravity, electromagnetic force, magnetic force, and the like, which is initially overcome by the pressure difference and then leads to a closing of the fluid connection when the positive pressure difference is eliminated.

[0036] In an advantageous embodiment, the positive pressure differential and / or the response of the lip valve to the positive pressure differential are adjustable. This makes it possible to vary the point at which the fluid connection opens, thus accommodating different conditions of the respective milking process. The term "adjustable" here refers, firstly, to the ability to directly adjust the magnitude of the positive pressure differential in real time by changing a control variable. Secondly, it also describes the possibility of changing the response threshold for opening the fluid connection by replacing one or more components of the fluid connection.If, for example, an otherwise stationary component, such as an elastic material part, essentially determines the response threshold and thus the magnitude of the positive pressure differential required to open the fluid connection, then replacing such a component allows for the adjustment and thus the change of the positive pressure differential during a suitable phase of the milking process. In other words, the response threshold of the controllable fluid line, which can also be understood as a reaction to the positive pressure differential, can be adjusted by appropriate measures.

[0037] In particular, the valve assembly, in the form of a lip valve, is controlled by the positive pressure differential. This makes it possible to establish the required function of the controllable fluid connection without the need for additional control variables to actuate the valve assembly. This results in a very compact, simple, and efficient design.

[0038] That is, the lip valve, as part of the controllable fluid connection, is designed such that the positive pressure differential causes elastic material deformation in the lip valve to open the controllable fluid connection. In other words, by means of a corresponding elastic deformation of a part of the fluid connection, opening and closing of the fluid connection based on the pressure differential can be achieved without the need for additional controllable components. In non-claimed variants, a diaphragm can be elastically suspended in spatial relation to a corresponding sealing surface such that an elastic deformation of the suspension and / or the diaphragm itself, caused by the pressure differential, leads to the opening of the fluid connection, while when the positive pressure differential is removed, the inherent elasticity leads to the closing of the fluid connection.In other variations, a deformable hose element can be detached from an opening when a positive pressure differential is present, thus opening the fluid connection. Many technical possibilities exist in which a pressure-induced change in shape allows fluid to flow through the connection, while when a certain pressure differential is removed, the inherent elasticity then causes the connection to close again and interrupt the flow.

[0039] According to the invention, the controllable fluid connection comprises a lip valve. A lip valve is typically a valve device in which at least one elastically deformable component has a sealing surface which, in the absence of a pressure differential or a pressure differential below a response threshold, rests against a complementary sealing surface, thus causing the lip valve to close. When a corresponding pressure differential occurs, the at least one elastic component with a sealing surface is detached from the complementary sealing surface, causing the fluid connection to open and thus allowing flow. Therefore, according to the invention, the term "lip valve" refers to a valve device in which at least one elastic component, bearing a sealing surface, contributes to the opening of the valve when pressure is applied.Two or more corresponding elastic components with sealing surfaces can also be provided, which, at pressure differentials below the response threshold, seal tightly against corresponding complementary sealing surfaces, where one or more of the complementary sealing surfaces can also be elastically deformable components or lips. By selecting different materials and / or material thicknesses and / or dimensions, the response threshold and / or the flow rate of such a lip valve can be efficiently adjusted.

[0040] Advantageously, the relief phase pressure control device is designed as a milking cup connection device, thus enabling a compact design of the milking cup with integrated control of the relief phase pressure.

[0041] The milking cup sleeve according to the invention is designed to receive an elastic teat holder. The milking cup sleeve has, among other things, a pulsation zone with a first connection designed for connecting a pulsation line, and a vacuum zone with a second connection designed for connecting a milk discharge line. Furthermore, a controllable fluid connection is provided in the milking cup sleeve between the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone, wherein the controllable fluid connection is controllable such that in a first operating state with a first pressure in the pulsation zone, the fluid connection is at least temporarily open, and that in a second operating state with a second pressure in the pulsation zone, the fluid connection is closed, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure.

[0042] According to this aspect of the present invention, the provision of the controllable fluid connection, which otherwise has the same functional characteristics as in the preceding aspect, is not limited to a specific spatial area within the milking cup sleeve. This allows the fluid connection, the pulsation zone, and the vacuum zone to be arranged according to certain structural or other criteria, thus providing a high degree of design freedom. That is to say, milking cup sleeves are frequently used in conjunction with certain automated or semi-automated milking systems and therefore require certain design features. For example, some milking cup sleeves are available as indivisible units, which can result in specific criteria for the arrangement of components, such as bores and the like.It may also be necessary to place the first and second connections further apart, so that the pulsation area and the vacuum area may also have a greater spatial distance from each other, which may require a longer extension of the controllable fluid connection.

[0043] In an advantageous embodiment, the milking cup sleeve comprises a milking cup connection device and a milking cup sleeve section designed to receive the elastic teat holder, with the first connection, the second connection, and the controllable fluid connection being provided within the milking cup connection device. In this embodiment, essential components of the milking cup sleeve—i.e., the first connection, the second connection, and the controllable fluid connection—are thus located in a lower region of the milking cup sleeve, enabling a very compact design, as previously explained in connection with the relief phase pressure control device when it is designed as part of the milking cup sleeve, for example, as a milking cup connection device.

[0044] In another embodiment, the milking cup sleeve comprises a milking cup connection device and a milking cup sleeve part that serves to accommodate the elastic teat holder, and the first connection and / or the second connection and / or the controllable fluid connection are provided in the milking cup sleeve part. A milking cup sleeve constructed in this way allows for a "de-escalation" of the corresponding components and enables suitable adaptation to existing milking systems.

[0045] In an advantageous embodiment, the milking cup connection device and the milking cup sleeve part are connected to each other by a mechanically reversible coupling. In this embodiment, the milking cup sleeve has at least two parts that can be attached to and detached from each other, with the attachment and detachment being described as reversible processes. That is, the attachment and detachment can be performed repeatedly without permanently altering or damaging the corresponding components.

[0046] Further advantageous embodiments of the milking cup sleeve incorporate features that have already been explained in connection with the relief phase pressure control device. Therefore, explicit reference is made here to these previously explained features.

[0047] According to the invention, the modular milking cup sleeve system comprises several relief phase pressure control devices, which are structurally designed as previously described in connection with the relief phase pressure control device. Furthermore, the milking cup sleeve system comprises a milking cup sleeve component that can be reversibly connected to each of the several relief phase pressure control devices via a fluid line and a reversible coupling. That is, this modular milking cup sleeve system provides at least several relief phase pressure control devices that can be connected to and reversibly disconnected from the milking cup sleeve component. In particular, embodiments provide that each of the several relief phase pressure control devices can be directly coupled mechanically to the milking cup sleeve component, thereby creating a complete milking cup sleeve.This results in a high degree of adaptability of a milking cup sleeve to the requirements of a specific milking system or to different milking conditions. For example, relief phase pressure control devices, such as foot sections, which are tailored to different flow rates, can be quickly and easily connected to accommodate the milking behavior of a specific animal or group of animals, different milking cup sleeves (i.e., their different lengths and / or diameters), or different animal species (i.e., the species-specific differences in teat lengths and / or diameters), etc.

[0048] In an advantageous embodiment, the multiple relief phase pressure control devices differ by at least one parameter that influences the flow through the controllable fluid connection in the first operating state. That is, one or more parameters can be determined that exert a corresponding influence on the operation of the fluid connection and thus also on the overall milking behavior. One or more of these parameters can then be investigated for suitability for a specific animal or group of animals, and suitable values ​​can be determined. The corresponding adjustment can then be easily accomplished by exchanging the relevant relief phase pressure control device, so that a desired value or an approximately desired value for one or more of these parameters determines the operation of the fluid connection.

[0049] In an advantageous embodiment, the at least one parameter influencing the flow through the controllable fluid connection comprises an effective cross-sectional area of ​​the channel and / or the line in the first operating state and / or a response threshold for opening the lip valve. That is, in this advantageous embodiment, the effective cross-sectional area of ​​the controllable fluid connection in the open state and / or the response threshold for opening represent essential influencing factors and can be appropriately adjusted in the milking cup sleeve system by selecting and installing suitable relief phase pressure control devices, for example in the form of foot sections, that correspond to the desired parameter values.The effective cross-sectional area of ​​the fluid connection can be easily adjusted structurally, for example, by providing a precisely defined constriction, or by using a line with a constant cross-sectional area, such as a constant diameter, and employing correspondingly different constrictions or cross-sectional areas in different base sections. In unclaimed variants, the response threshold for opening the fluid connection can also be achieved by control signals, such as valve devices with external actuation, for example, pneumatic or electromagnetic actuation, and the like. In other unclaimed variants, it is possible to adjust the response threshold through internal measures, such as the weight and / or shape of a ball or other valve body.According to the invention, the elasticity and / or, more generally, the material properties and thickness of the lip valve as part of the fluid connection, the shape and size of elastic areas of the "lips" of lip valves, and the like, can be adjusted. The adjustment of the response threshold, as well as other properties of the fluid connection, can also be achieved by replacing the entire pressure relief phase control device or just individual components.

[0050] In general, it should be noted that by incorporating the controllable fluid connection into relief phase pressure control devices, base sections, or even other, possibly non-divisible, milking cup sleeves, the range of applications in which efficient milking is achieved—for example, the range of manageable milk flow rates, etc.—is significantly larger compared to conventional milking cup sleeves with continuous air inlet. Furthermore, the design effort and, in particular, the effort required for the daily handling of the relief phase pressure control devices or milking cup sleeves or base sections with integrated relief phase pressure control devices according to the invention are significantly reduced compared to known air inlet valves. This, in turn, significantly improves operational reliability and economic efficiency compared to conventional solutions.

[0051] With reference to the Fig. 1A, 1B, 2-4 and with repeated reference to Fig. Section 5 now describes further illustrative embodiments of the present invention in more detail. The figures show: Fig. 1A A schematic top view of a relief phase pressure control device designed as a milking cup connection device, according to illustrative embodiments, Fig. 1B a cross-section corresponding to line Ib-Ib from Fig. 1A, Fig. 2 a schematic sectional view of a milking cup based on a milking cup sleeve, which is provided as an indivisible component or as a component with a foot part and milking cup sleeve part or as a component of a modular milking cup sleeve system, Fig. 3 a graphical representation of the pressure gradients according to illustrative embodiments, Fig. 4. A clear representation of pressure profiles according to illustrative embodiments, wherein one or more parameter values ​​influencing the flow in the fluid connection differ from the representation in Fig. 3 have changed, and Fig. 5 A schematic representation of the pressure curve in a conventional milking cup with continuous air input.

[0052] Fig. Figure 1A shows a schematic top view of a relief phase pressure control device 100, which is designed here as the base of a milking cup sleeve, also referred to herein as a milking cup connection device, forming part of a milking cup sleeve. The relief phase pressure control device 100 can be provided as an assembly independent of a milking cup sleeve and can be connected to the milking cup sleeve or a line connected thereto via a fluid line (not shown).

[0053] The pressure relief phase control device 100, for example in the form of a milking cup connection device, has a pulsation zone 110 which, as already explained, is alternately subjected to a first, high pressure and a second, low pressure during milking operation. In particular, the operating vacuum or operating negative pressure is essentially present at low pressure, which, depending on the design of the corresponding milking system, is approximately 40 to 48 kPa in typical state-of-the-art applications. At high pressure, the ambient atmospheric pressure is typically present in the pulsation zone 110 in many applications, but it can also assume a different high value if a suitable gas source with an appropriate pressure source is provided for supplying the pulsation zone 110.The pulsation area is connected via a connection 111 and a suitable pulsation line 112 to a pressure source (not shown) which alternately provides high and low pressure.

[0054] Furthermore, the relief phase pressure control device 100 has a negative pressure area 120 which is connected to a milk discharge line via a connection 121 and a fluid line 122, or to a corresponding milk discharge system via the milk discharge line itself if the relief phase pressure control device 100 is provided in the form of a milking cup connection device, and is thus permanently subjected to negative pressure during operation.

[0055] It should be noted that the corresponding pressure conditions in the pulsation range 110 and the negative pressure range 120 only prevail when the relief phase pressure control device 100 is connected to a suitable milking cup sleeve part that is assembled to form a milking cup with an elastic teat receptacle mounted therein. Alternatively, if the relief phase pressure control device 100 is provided in the form of the milking cup connection device, the pressure conditions after assembly and during operation of a milking cup result as described in more detail with reference to Fig. 2 is described below.

[0056] Furthermore, the relief phase pressure control device 100 includes a controllable fluid connection 130, which establishes a connection between the pulsation zone 110 and the vacuum zone 120 during a first operating state and essentially interrupts this connection during a second operating state. The controllable fluid connection 130 is thus designed such that, in the first operating state, which corresponds to at least part of a relief phase, it establishes a flow connection between the pulsation zone 110 and the vacuum zone 120, at least temporarily. In the second operating state, in which a low pressure prevails in the pulsation zone 110, corresponding to the suction phase, the flow connection between the pulsation zone 110 and the vacuum zone 120 is inhibited or essentially interrupted.

[0057] The control of the fluid connection 130 according to the invention is effected by a valve device in the form of a lip valve, thus by corresponding deformation of a part of the controllable fluid connection 130, and the like. For example, the controlled opening of the fluid connection 130 can occur due to a pressure difference prevailing during operation between the pulsation zone 110 and the vacuum zone 120. A pressure difference arises from applying high pressure to the pulsation zone 110 to initiate the pressure relief phase, whereby a flow occurs due to the design-related properties of the fluid connection 130. For example, the pressure difference occurring during operation can lead to an elastic deformation of a part of the fluid connection 130, which then opens the fluid connection 130 and allows flow from the pulsation zone 110 into the vacuum zone 120.Suitable means for utilizing a pressure difference to open a flow channel include, for example, a check valve with a corresponding flap or diaphragm, a ball valve actuated by gravity or spring force, and the like.

[0058] The fluid connection 130 has a lip valve 135, which has one or more sealing surfaces formed as lips that are forced apart when a corresponding pressure is applied on the side of the pulsation zone 110. If there is no pressure differential or if the pressure differential is below the response threshold of the lip valve 135, the lip valve 135 closes the corresponding flow channel due to the elastic properties of its lips. In the illustrated embodiment, the lip valve 135 is inserted into a bore 132 in the pressure relief phase control device 100 and optionally also has a corresponding channel 134, the cross-sectional area of ​​which is adapted according to the desired properties of the fluid connection 130. The bore 132 is further covered by a cap 131, thus ensuring the tightness of the fluid connection 130 to the ambient atmosphere.

[0059] As previously explained, the bore 132 can also accommodate any other type of controllable valve device to achieve the desired function. The use of the lip valve 135 is particularly advantageous because this component can be manufactured easily and efficiently, for example by injection molding, 3D printing (e.g., for individual customization), or similar methods, from a suitable material such as silicone, and its properties can be precisely and reproducibly adjusted through design measures, i.e., by appropriate structures in the mold. For example, different material thicknesses, sizes, and surface areas can be produced, allowing the response of the lip valve 135 to varying pressure differentials and, if necessary, the size of the flow channel to be adjusted.Furthermore, the effective flow cross-section can also be adjusted based on line 133. Generally, valve devices that are controllable depending on the pressure differential have the advantage that external control signals are typically not required. In other embodiments, where corresponding external control signals are available or can be supplied with reasonable effort, other valve devices can also be used, including, for example, electromagnetic valve devices, pneumatically controlled valve devices, piezoelectric valve devices, electric valve devices, mechanical valve devices, gravity-controlled valve devices, material deformation-controlled valve devices, and the like.

[0060] Furthermore, in the illustrated embodiment, a coupling area 140 is provided, which enables reversible coupling of the relief phase pressure control device 100, which in this embodiment is designed as a milking cup connection device, to a corresponding milking cup sleeve part. For example, an internal thread is provided in the coupling part 140, which can be engaged with a complementary thread of a milking cup sleeve part. Other coupling mechanisms known per se can also be provided, such as snap closures, etc.

[0061] Fig. Figure 1B shows a section of the relief phase pressure control device 100 along line Ib-Ib from Fig. 1A. Here it can be seen that the pulsation zone 110, which surrounds part of the vacuum zone 120 in a ring shape, is connected to a corresponding channel 134 and then, via line 133, to the lip valve 135, which in turn opens into the vacuum zone 120. The cap 131 closes the bore that accommodates components 133 and 135. Thus, if necessary, the lip valve 135 and line 133 can be removed by removing the cap 131. This allows for easy replacement, for example, for cleaning, due to wear, to adjust the operating characteristics, etc.

[0062] Fig. Figure 2 shows a schematic sectional view of a milking cup 290, which in one embodiment has a milking cup sleeve 280 in which an elastic teat receptacle 291, also referred to as a teat liner, is installed. In embodiments, for example, the milking cup sleeve 280 is provided as a single component in which a pulsation zone 210 and a vacuum zone 220 are present. Furthermore, a controllable fluid connection 230 is provided which, at high pressure in the pulsation zone 210, causes a flow connection between the zone 210 and the vacuum zone 220 to open, as also described above.

[0063] In other embodiments, the sleeve of the milking cup 290 is composed of a milking cup sleeve part, also designated by reference numeral 280, and another part, designated as the milking cup connection device 200. The two parts 280 and 200 are connected to each other by a coupling area 240 in such a way that reversible coupling and uncoupling is possible. For this purpose, the coupling area 240 has, for example, a thread in the milking cup connection device 200 and a complementary thread in the milking cup sleeve part 280. However, other coupling mechanisms can also be used, such as snap fasteners, and the like. This allows for easy disassembly, for example for cleaning, replacement due to wear, or adjustment of the functional characteristics in terms of length, diameter, etc.

[0064] In other embodiments, a relief phase pressure control device is provided as an independent assembly, which is connected to the vacuum zone 220 and the pulsation zone 210 via connecting lines (not shown), but otherwise constitutes an independent assembly without any further mechanical connection to the milking cup 290. The controllable fluid connection 230 is thus provided in the independent assembly, so that the overall assembly volume, dimensions, and / or installation location, etc., can be selected in a very flexible manner.

[0065] In an advantageous embodiment, the device 200 is of the same design as the relief phase pressure control device 100, which is used in conjunction with the Fig. 1A and Fig. 1B, for example as a milking cup connection device, such that a connection 211, which is connected to the pulsation area 210, and a connection 221, which is connected to the vacuum area 220, are provided in the milking cup connection device 200. That is, the connection 211, the connection 221, and the controllable fluid connection 230 are housed in the base 200. In other embodiments, one or more of the components 211, 221, and 230 are provided in the area of ​​the sleeve part 280. For example, in one embodiment, the connection 211 is not provided in the base 200 but as connection 282 in the milking cup sleeve part 280. Other designs can also be used that meet the respective requirements of the milking conditions.The fluid connection 230 can be provided wholly or partially in the milking cup sleeve part 280, thus achieving a high degree of design flexibility, especially if the size of the base part 200 makes it difficult to integrate all components of the controllable fluid connection 230.

[0066] In other embodiments, several parts 200, which may also be relief phase pressure control devices as independent assemblies, are provided for one or more milking cup sleeve parts 280. These parts can be connected to the milking cup sleeve part 280 via suitable lines, thus providing a connection to the corresponding areas. Together, these parts form a milking cup sleeve system 280, 200, wherein, in particular, two or more of the parts 200 have differences to allow adaptation to different milking conditions, milking systems, and the like. For example, the milking cup sleeve feet 200 can differ in at least one parameter that influences the function of the controllable fluid line 230.Such parameters include, for example, the effective cross-section of a flow channel in the open state of the fluid connection 230, so that the amount of gas flowing through can be adjusted by selecting the effective cross-section when operating under prevailing pressure conditions. Furthermore, the various pressure relief phase control devices, such as the milking cup sleeve feet, can differ in other parameters, such as the response behavior when opening the fluid connection 230, the behavior when closing the fluid connection 230, and the like. For example, the elastic properties of materials used in the fluid connection 230 can be designed differently in the various connection devices or pressure relief phase control devices 200, resulting in different functional behavior.A targeted selection of the previously described components 133 / 135 also allows for individual customization of the functional behavior of the respective relief phase pressure control devices. In this way, the functional behavior of the milking cup 290 can be adjusted to the desired extent by setting parameters that influence the flow behavior or, more generally, the function of the fluid connection 230.

[0067] During operation, the milking cup 290 is attached to the teat of a dairy animal via the sleeve 280, 200, while a vacuum is created in the vacuum zone 220 via the connection 221 and a corresponding line (not shown), causing the elastic teat holder 291 to conform to the teat and essentially seal it gas-tight. In other embodiments, one of the relief phase pressure control devices, also designated here by 200, is connected to the sleeve 280 in conjunction with a connection device (not shown), so that a functional coupling is achieved via the connecting lines and the controllable fluid connection 230 provided in the independent assembly, regardless of the installation location of the relief phase pressure control device.

[0068] During the actual milking process, which may be preceded by a more or less pronounced stimulation phase, alternating high and low pressure is generated in the pulsation zone 210, and thus also in a corresponding pulsation chamber 281, via a corresponding line at connection 211 (if the connection is located on the base 200) or at connection 282 (if the latter is located on the milking cup sleeve 280). In an operating state with high pressure in the pulsation zone 210, and thus also in the pulsation chamber 281, the pressure difference between the pulsation chamber 281 and inside the elastic teat cup holder 291 causes the teat cup holder 291 to fold inwards below the teat, thereby initiating the pressure relief phase.In this phase, gas or air from the pulsation zone 210, and thus from chamber 281, is introduced, at least temporarily, into the negative pressure zone 220 via the now open fluid connection 230, so that the negative pressure prevailing there is reduced, i.e., the absolute pressure is increased to a certain degree. This facilitates the removal of the milk drawn from the teat during the suckling phase, as already explained at the beginning.

[0069] Fig. Figure 3 shows the pressure profile in a milking cup, such as milking cup 290 with the controllable fluid connection 230, or any other milking cup to which the relief phase pressure control device 100 is connected or in which the relief phase pressure control device 100 is integrated, for example, in the form of the milking cup connection device. For the sake of simplicity, the following description refers only to milking cup 290. It should be noted that the description also applies to any milking cup in which, for example, the relief phase pressure control device 100 is installed or connected, such as in the form of a milking cup connection device with a controllable fluid connection.

[0070] Curve A1 describes the regularly changing pressure profile in the pulsation area 210 and thus in the pulsation chamber 281, whereby in the phase designated S, i.e., the suction phase, the value of the vacuum rises to a certain maximum value corresponding to the operating vacuum. In the present embodiment, a value of approximately 36 kPa is used.

[0071] This value then subsequently drops to 0 within a certain period of time during the so-called unloading phase E, which in the present embodiment essentially corresponds to the ambient atmospheric pressure. It should be noted that other pressure values ​​may be used if the pulsation chamber 281 is supplied with gas or air via connection 211 or 282 from another suitable pressure source that operates independently of the ambient atmospheric pressure.

[0072] Curve B1 shows the pressure profile measured directly below the teat using a suitable probe. As can be seen, a maximum pressure of over 40 kPa is present at the teat during a short section of the suckling phase S and then decreases continuously until the beginning of the release phase E. The negative pressure is then significantly reduced by the inflow of gas or air from the pulsation chamber 281, as the fluid connection 230 is open. The inflow of gas or air during this phase thus lowers the negative pressure, i.e., the absolute pressure increases slightly, allowing the milk plug to be expelled more efficiently, as explained in more detail earlier. The reduced negative pressure under the teat during this release phase E also leads to less mechanical stress on the teat and thus promotes a more beneficial massaging effect.The reduction of the negative pressure persists for a significant part of the relief phase, and when the high negative pressure is rebuilt in the pulsation area 210, the negative pressure under the teat also increases again when the elastic teat receptacle 291 unfolds, which can then exceed the operating negative pressure, which prevails, for example, in the pulsation chamber 281, and thus contributes to an efficient drainage of milk from the teat.

[0073] In contrast to the conventional approach, which in Fig. As shown in Figure 5, the periodic air or gas inlet through the controllable fluid connection results in a significantly more favorable pressure profile compared to the prior art. That is, for the same milk flow rate of approximately 1.9 liters per minute per teat with the same effective cross-section of the effective flow channel for introducing air or gas into the negative pressure range—i.e., for the continuous air inlet in the prior art, a line with the same effective cross-section as the controllable fluid connection 230 is used—it is evident that, according to the invention, the required milking performance, i.e., the milk flow rate, can be achieved with an operating negative pressure of only approximately 36 kPa compared to approximately 42 kPa. Furthermore, the maximum negative pressure values ​​in the negative pressure range are limited to approximately 40 kPa in the present invention, whereas in the prior art, the negative pressure peaks rise to 45 kPa.Furthermore, the duration of the section with significantly reduced negative pressure during the relief phase E is considerably longer in the embodiment according to the invention with a controllable fluid connection compared to the continuous air inlet according to the prior art. This means that, according to the invention, a lower operating negative pressure can be applied for the same milk flow rate, thus reducing corresponding energy losses, etc., from vacuum pumps and the like, and simultaneously significantly reducing the mechanical stress on the teat during milking. The longer phase with low negative pressure during the relief phase also allows for more efficient milk discharge at higher flow rates. Furthermore, the introduction of gas / air during the suction phase is prevented by closing the fluid connection 230, thus avoiding increased contact between air / gas and milk.

[0074] Fig. Figure 4 clearly shows pressure conditions for a milking cup, for example the milking cup 290 with the controllable fluid connection according to the invention, in comparison to the arrangement which corresponds to the pressure curve in the Fig. 3 corresponds to a parameter value being changed. In this example, the effective diameter of the flow channel for fluid connection 230 was reduced. This can be achieved, for example, by installing or connecting a corresponding relief phase pressure control device 100, or by installing a milking cup connection device, whereby the fluid connection 230 or 130 has a correspondingly desired effective cross-section. If necessary, other parameter values ​​that influence the flow conditions in the controllable fluid connection, such as the provision of corresponding components 133 / 135, can also be set, as already explained. Furthermore, the measurement was carried out according to Fig.4 at a flow rate of 0.74 l / minute per teat. Here, too, it is evident that a lower operating vacuum of approximately 36 kPa is sufficient to achieve efficient operation at low flow rates, such as those occurring at the end of a milking process. It is also apparent that a significant decrease in the vacuum value occurs when the controllable fluid connection 230 is opened, and due to the lower flow rate, a return to the higher vacuum occurs earlier in the relief phase E. Corresponding peak vacuum values ​​are at 40 kPa or below, ensuring gentle milking even during this phase of the milking process. The milking process is also more efficient because, during the suction phase, the vacuum at the teat and the vacuum in the milk discharge line are reduced.in the milking system they are almost identical, so that no significant flow disturbances are caused by pressure differences.

[0075] In summary, it can be stated that by providing a controllable fluid connection between the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone, improved pressure conditions can be created compared to a continuous air inlet. The connection between the pulsation zone and the vacuum zone allows for a simple design. Control can be efficiently achieved using lip valves as controllable devices in the fluid connection, as these are simple and inexpensive to manufacture. Furthermore, the controllable fluid connection according to the invention can be designed in such a way that efficient cleaning takes place during the cleaning process of the milking system and milk back-spraying during milking is prevented.This ensures reliable function for maintaining desired pressure conditions during the milking process, without causing hygienic or mechanical problems in the controllable fluid connection.

Claims

[1] Relief phase pressure control device (100, 200) which is designed as a milking cup connection device (100, 200) for mechanical coupling with a milking cup sleeve part (280) that accommodates an elastic teat receptacle (291) and has a pulsation area (110, 210) with a first connection (211) designed for connecting a pulsation line, a vacuum area (120, 220) with a second connection (221) designed for connection to a milk discharge line, and a controllable fluid connection (130, 230) between the pulsation range (110, 210) and the vacuum range (120, 220), wherein the fluid connection (130, 230) is controllable such that in a first operating state with a first pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection (130, 230) is at least temporarily open, and that in a second operating state with a second pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection (130, 230) is closed, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure, wherein, for the targeted introduction of air / gas into the negative pressure area (120, 220), a lip valve (135) is provided which is inserted into a bore (132) formed in the milking cup connection device (100, 200) and opens into the negative pressure area (120, 220) and is connected to the pulsation area (110, 210) via a channel (134) and a line (133). [2] Relief phase pressure control device (100, 200) according to claim 1, wherein the opening of the lip valve (135) is controlled by a positive pressure difference between the pulsation area (110, 210) and the vacuum area (120, 220). [3] Relief phase pressure control device according to claim 2, wherein a size of the positive pressure difference and / or a response of the lip valve (135) to the positive pressure difference are adjustable. [4] Milking cup sleeve (280) designed to receive an elastic teat holder (291), with a pulsation area (110, 210) with a first connection (211) designed for connecting a pulsation line, a vacuum area (120, 220) with a second connection (221) designed for connecting a milk discharge line, and a controllable fluid connection (130, 230) between the pulsation range (110, 210) and the vacuum range (120, 220), wherein the controllable fluid connection (130) is controllable such that in a first operating state with a first pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection (130, 230) is at least temporarily open, and that in a second operating state with a second pressure in the pulsation range (110, 210) the fluid connection is closed, wherein the first pressure is higher than the second pressure, wherein the milking cup sleeve (280) has a milking cup connection device (100, 200) and a milking cup sleeve part (280) for receiving the elastic teat holder and the first connection (211) and / or the second connection (221) are provided in the milking cup connection device (100, 200) or the milking cup sleeve part (280), and the controllable fluid connection (130, 230) is provided in the milking cup connection device (100, 200), and wherein, for the targeted introduction of air / gas into the negative pressure area (120, 220), a lip valve (135) is provided which is inserted into a bore (132) formed in the milking cup connection device (100, 200) and opens into the negative pressure area (120, 220) and is connected to the pulsation area (110, 210) via a channel (134) and a line (133). [5] Milking cup sleeve (280) according to claim 4, wherein the milking cup connection device (100, 200) and the milking cup sleeve part (280) are connected to each other by a mechanically reversible coupling (240). [6] Milking cup sleeve (280) according to claim 4, wherein the opening of the lip valve is controlled by a positive pressure difference between the pulsation area (110, 210) and the vacuum area (120, 220). [7] Modular milking cup sleeve system, with several relief phase pressure control devices (100, 200) each according to one of claims 1 to 3, and a milking cup sleeve part (280) which can be reversibly connected to each of the several relief phase pressure control devices (100, 200) by means of a fluid line and by means of a mechanically reversible coupling. [8] Modular milking cup sleeve system according to claim 7, wherein the multiple relief phase pressure control devices (100, 200) differ by at least one parameter influencing the flow through the controllable fluid connection (130, 230) in the first operating state. [9] Modular milking cup sleeve system according to claim 8, wherein the at least one parameter influencing the flow through the controllable fluid connection (130, 230) comprises an effective cross-sectional area of ​​the channel (134) and / or the line (133) in the first operating state and / or a response threshold for opening the lip valve.

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