Method for manufacturing a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current powered electrical machines

Abstract

Method for manufacturing a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements (11, 12) with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements (11, 12) form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements (11, 12) are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in the stack at least once along their conductor length, comprising: - insulating at least one section of the flat conductor elements and subsequently reshaping the flat conductor elements to form at least one layer exchange.

Description

[0001] The invention relates to a flat conductor device designed to be used in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors, comprising at least two elongated, in particular rigid, flat conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layer arrangement with electrical insulation located between them.

[0002] It is known that so-called Röbel conductors are used in high-current applications in generators or in high-performance electric motors.

[0003] Röbel conductors or Röbel rods typically consist of at least ten individual conductors, with some of these conductors swapping positions along their length by twisting them together. This causes some of the conductors in a wound coil to change position. This is particularly important for minimizing current displacement effects.

[0004] Röbel bars are bars produced by twisting square profile wires, with the number of individual profile bars being greater than ten. The profile wires can be combined in the Röbel tool in such a way that sections with untwisted, parallel profile wires and sections with twisted profile wires are continuously arranged next to each other, and that the foremost strand section in the untwisted area is periodically cut off from the strand as a Röbel bar.

[0005] So far, the "Roebel rod" has been used predominantly in the construction of large engines and generators.

[0006] The idea of ​​twisted conductor bundles dates back to a patent by Ludwig Roebel from 1912 and describes the elimination of eddy current losses from displacement by dividing the conductors into insulated sub-conductors and interlacing them.

[0007] The current state of the art involves twisting a large number of sub-conductors together, or even twisting and crimping stranded wire. This results in a continuous change of sub-conductors over an undefined distance.

[0008] Current developments in stator windings are based on hairpin plug-in winding technology. Here, advantages similar to those of the Roebel bar can potentially be achieved with only two sub-conductors and one layer change per stator pass (stator slot). The insulation between the sub-conductors is achieved by arranging insulating strips that overlap at the layer change before the individual conductors are paired. During pairing, the overlapping areas ensure complete insulation. A further layer of insulation, enclosing the entire conductor, is applied subsequently.

[0009] In particular, the invention aims to propose a simplified manufacturing method for a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current-powered electrical machines, especially electric motors. Furthermore, the invention aims to provide a further developed flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current-powered electrical machines, especially electric motors, preferably in a partially or fully electrically powered motor vehicle. The flat conductor device should be cost-effective and highly efficient to manufacture and, moreover, exhibit improved electrical properties compared to the prior art, in particular reduced losses due to the current displacement effect, and contribute to achieving high fill factors in the stator slot of the electric motors.The flat conductor assembly, which incorporates flat conductor elements, is based on the concept of manufacturing the individual flat conductor elements separately and processing them using conventional methods, such as bulk forming or pressing, to ensure the aforementioned high productivity. The manufactured flat conductor elements can then be assembled into the flat conductor assembly, cut to length as needed, and connected at the ends.

[0010] The problem is solved (according to a first aspect) in particular by a method for manufacturing a flat conductor device, designed to be used in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, preferably of an at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements, preferably two flat conductor elements, are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in the stack at least once along their conductor length.wherein the method comprises: insulating at least one respective section of the flat conductor elements and subsequently reshaping the flat conductor elements to enable layer exchange.

[0011] One approach is to apply and / or form insulation on the flat conductor element prior to a forming step for layer exchange. This can preferably involve applying an insulating layer. Application can be achieved through dipping or spraying. Particularly in the case of a flat conductor element that contains at least some aluminum, the insulating layer can preferably be formed by anodizing the element. This allows for simple and rapid manufacturing, and in particular simplifies the insulation process.

[0012] Preferably, the flat conductor elements are placed on top of each other (generally: next to each other) before forming. This improves the subsequent assembly and the mechanical stability of the flat conductor device, as the flat conductor elements can be processed precisely and consistently.

[0013] Preferably, the flat conductor elements are twisted within themselves (or relative to each other) by at least substantially 180° (in particular with a maximum deviation of 10°, preferably 2°) within a predetermined twisting section. When such a flat conductor device is used in the stator of an electric motor, current displacement effects can be reduced in this way.

[0014] Alternatively or additionally, the problem (according to a second aspect) is solved in particular by a method for manufacturing a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current-powered electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, preferably of an at least partially electrically powered motor vehicle, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions in the stack at least once along their conductor length, wherein: The flat conductor elements are jointly reshaped to enable a layer exchange,wherein at least two of the flat conductor elements are placed next to each other (in particular, preferably on their flat sides, one above the other) before forming, wherein the flat conductor elements are twisted in a predetermined twisting section relative to the other flat conductor element (or within themselves) by at least substantially 180° (in particular with a maximum deviation of 10°, preferably 2°).

[0015] One approach involves achieving a change in position by locally twisting the flat conductor elements. This allows for simple and rapid manufacturing of the flat conductor device. In particular, such a flat conductor device enables a simple change (or exchange) of the flat conductor elements in a stator slot of an electric machine.

[0016] According to the first and second aspects, continuous prefabrication of the flat conductor device is particularly simplified. The flat conductor elements can be easily insulated from each other and from the outside. Overall, this enables economical mass production of the flat conductor device, preferably for electric motors and / or generators for use in motor vehicles.

[0017] A flat conductor element is to be understood in particular as a ribbon-shaped conductor element.

[0018] The cross-section of the flat conductor element can be polygonal, in particular rectangular. The ratio of the width to the thickness (or height) of the cross-section is preferably, but not limited to, at least 5:4, more preferably at least 3:2, further preferably at least 2:1, optionally at least 3:1 and / or at most 6:1, preferably at most 4:1.

[0019] The ratio of the length of the flat conductor element to the width of the flat conductor element is preferably at least 20:1, preferably at least 30:1, optionally at least 50:1 or at least 100:1 and / or at most 10000:1, preferably at most 1000:1 or at most 100:1, optionally at most 50:1.

[0020] If the flat conductor elements are formed together to enable layer exchange, the manufacturing process of a stator winding can be simplified, since a layer jump can be directly achieved, preferably with a flat conductor device designed as an I-pin or hairpin. Consequently, the efficiency of stator manufacturing can be increased in particular.

[0021] The respective flat conductor element, preferably a pin, a hairpin or an entire wave winding, can in the final state comprise one or more twisted sections and can comprise one or more straight sections, wherein a length of the individual twisted section or a summed total length of the twisted sections represents at most 50%, preferably at most 20%, further preferably at most 8% and / or at least 0.1%, optionally at least 1% or at least 5% of the length of the individual straight section or a summed total length of all straight sections.

[0022] A deformation of the overall cross-section of at least two adjacent flat conductor elements resulting from a twist (in particular a corresponding bulge) can be at least partially reversed, for example by a pressing and / or rolling process. This allows for a comparatively flat surface in the twisted area. Thus, compact stacking and an arrangement of the flat conductor element, in particular a region of the flat conductor element exhibiting the twist-related deformation, in a stator groove are possible.

[0023] The above-mentioned task is further solved in particular by a flat conductor device, manufactured according to the above-mentioned or subsequently explained method.

[0024] In the area of ​​the twisted sections, the cross-sectional shape of the flat conductor elements can vary, whereby the cross-sectional area can remain at least substantially constant (i.e., in particular, the delta between the maximum and minimum is less than or equal to 10% of the maximum, and in particular less than or equal to 3% of the maximum) or can vary. A constant cross-sectional area can prevent or minimize hotspots in the flat conductor device.

[0025] The cross-sectional area in the area of ​​the twist sections can be adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the other sections of the flat conductor elements, so that in particular a hotspot in the twist area or twist section can be avoided.

[0026] The flat conductor device can comprise a stacking arrangement of at least two flat conductor elements, each with at least one or at least two twisting sections, wherein the respective ends of the flat conductor elements can be electrically connected.

[0027] Preferably, the flat conductor device comprises exclusively two flat conductor elements. In this way, an I-pin, a hairpin, or even an entire wave or endless winding for an electric motor can be easily produced, whereby the stator winding can exhibit a reduced current displacement effect.

[0028] It is conceivable that a stator winding has a plurality of flat conductor devices, wherein a flat conductor device preferably comprises exclusively two flat conductor elements, and the plurality of flat conductor devices are stacked on top of each other at least in some areas.

[0029] The flat conductor device can be part of a rectangular coil, a hairpin, an I-pin, an X-pin or a wave or endless winding.

[0030] The above-mentioned problem is further solved in particular by a stator winding, a coil, in particular a rectangular coil, with at least one of the above flat conductor devices.

[0031] The above-mentioned problem is further solved in particular by a stator and / or an electrical machine comprising at least one stator winding, a coil, in particular a rectangular coil, with at least one of the above flat conductor devices.

[0032] The electric machine is preferably a component of a traction drive for a motor vehicle that is at least partially electrically powered. The traction drive and / or the motor vehicle are embodiments of the present disclosure.

[0033] Basically, at least two flat conductor elements are stacked on top of each other. The flat conductor elements exchange positions along their conductor length with respect to their position in the stack, i.e., top or bottom, preferably at least once.

[0034] In the area of ​​the twisting sections, the cross-sectional shapes of the flat conductor elements can vary.

[0035] In a further development of the invention, the cross-sectional area (at least one cross-section, optionally all cross-sections) in the region of the respective twisted section is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the other sections of the flat conductor elements (in particular, at least at one twisted section, at least substantially equal to the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one other, optionally all other, sections of the flat conductor elements not located within a twisted section). Preferably, a high degree of uniformity and consistency of the cross-sectional areas is desired.

[0036] The stack arrangement is preferably adapted in terms of its dimensions in length and cross-section to the dimensions of slots in the stator or core of an electric machine.

[0037] In various embodiments, the flat conductor device can be provided in only a subset of a number of individual pins (hair pins) of a coil and / or electrical machine (or in all pins). For example, the flat conductor device can be provided in at least 1%, preferably at least 8%, more preferably at least 25%, and / or at most 90%, more preferably at most 70%, and more preferably at most 50% of the pins. This allows the advantages of the flat conductor device to be used in a targeted and measured way. Preferably, pins located further inwards within a given stator are equipped with the flat conductor device, and pins located further outwards are not. Preferably, the flat conductor device according to the invention is arranged close to the rotor within the air gap. However, it is conceivable that the flat conductor device is arranged over all winding layers of the stator.

[0038] The flat conductor elements are preferably stacked closely together and / or at least almost without gaps and / or tightly packed, with a thin insulating layer in between.

[0039] The flat conductor elements are, for example, made from solid copper or copper alloy material and / or from solid aluminum or aluminum alloy material and / or manufactured using additive manufacturing technology.

[0040] The flat conductor elements can be produced by material forming. For example, two or more solid strip materials, preferably with a rectangular cross-section, can be formed together, preferably in such a way that one or more twisted sections are created. The joining of the flat conductor elements to obtain the flat conductor device can be automated.

[0041] The flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are preferably arranged (in cross-section, particularly perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective twisting section and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) in (only) one row above the other. When the flat conductor device is arranged in a stator slot, "arranged one above the other" means that the flat conductor elements are arranged one above the other or next to each other in the radial direction of the stator. In the circumferential direction of the stator, the flat conductor device is arranged in a single layer in the stator slot.

[0042] The flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are preferably arranged (in cross-section, in particular perpendicular to the longitudinal extent) (at least outside the respective twisting section and / or over at least 50% or at least 90% of their length) such that they do not lie next to each other.

[0043] The respective center lines of the flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device can be identical (at least outside the respective twist section and / or over at least 50%, 90%, or 95% of their length) in a perpendicular projection onto the underside of a bottommost layer and / or the topside of an outermost layer (generally: the outside of an outermost layer). Preferably, when arranged in a stator slot of a stator, the flat conductor elements of the flat conductor device are arranged side by side in the radial direction of the stator.

[0044] Preferably, the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (or possibly all cross-sections) within a (respective) twisting section corresponds at least 0.6 times, preferably at least 0.9 times, and / or at most 1.5 times, preferably at most 1.1 times, to the cross-sectional area of ​​at least one cross-section (or possibly all cross-sections) of the respective flat conductor outside the twisting section. An increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flat conductor assembly within the twisting section can preferably be achieved by compressing the flat conductor assembly during and / or after the twisting process. An increased cross-sectional area of ​​the flat conductor assembly can prevent a potential hotspot in the twisting area.

[0045] Preferably, the (minimal) width of a respective flat conductor in the area of ​​a (respective) twisting section is smaller than the width of the corresponding flat conductor outside the twisting section, preferably by at least 10% or at least 30% smaller and / or by at most 80% smaller.

[0046] Preferably, the (maximum) thickness (height) of a respective flat conductor in the area of ​​a (respective) twisting section is greater than the thickness of the corresponding flat conductor outside the twisting section, preferably by at least 10% or at least 50% greater and / or by a maximum of 200% greater.

[0047] The insulation is preferably formed by an insulating varnish. A polymer, particularly an elastomer, can be used as the insulating material. Specifically, the material can include, be based on, or consist of: silicone, fluorosilicone, polyurethane, acrylic, polyamide, polyimide, PEEK, and / or epoxy.

[0048] Alternatively or in addition to the applied insulation, the insulation can also be a naturally formed galvanically insulating layer, for example, an oxide protective layer. An oxide protective layer can, but is not limited to, preferably in the case of a flat conductor element made of an aluminum alloy, be formed by anodizing the flat conductor element.

[0049] The insulation can have a (layer) thickness of at least 10 µm, preferably at least 25 µm, optionally at least 50 µm and / or at most 150 µm, preferably at most 100 µm, optionally at most 75 µm, including the limits.

[0050] The cross-section of each flat conductor element can be at least 0.5 mm (at least in the respective straight section). 2 , preferably at least 1 mm 2 , possibly at least 5 mm 2 and / or at most 50 mm 2, preferably no more than 20 mm 2 , preferably no more than 12 mm 2 be.

[0051] The thickness of each flat conductor element can be at least 0.2 mm, preferably at least 1 mm, optionally at least 1.5 mm and / or at most 8 mm, preferably at most 4 mm, optionally at most 2 mm.

[0052] The flat conductor device can preferably have at least or exactly two layers, or at least or exactly three layers, or at least or exactly four layers, for an I-pin, a hairpin or an X-pin.

[0053] The flat conductor device can preferably have at least one or exactly one, or at least two or exactly two, or at least four or exactly four, or more twist sections for an I-pin, a hairpin, or an X-pin. At least two or exactly two twist sections can collectively represent a transposition to one position two positions further along (or, with a corresponding number of position changes, to the third position further along or even further away).

[0054] A (single) transposition can lead (directly) from one position to the next-but-one, or even further, position.

[0055] The flat conductor device can have at least two or exactly two, or at least three or exactly three, or more flat conductor elements.

[0056] The (respective) position change or twisting section is preferably provided in a respective active area of ​​the flat conductor or flat conductor device. Generally, at least one, or exactly one, or at least two, or exactly two, or at least three, or exactly three, or more transpositions (position changes) can be present in the (respective) active area of ​​a stator slot (per flat conductor device).

[0057] The (respective) position change is preferably arranged in such a way that a (maximum) minimization of the current displacement effects within a stator winding can be achieved.

[0058] Optionally, several position changes within the active area of ​​the stator or motor are arranged at constant intervals.

[0059] The flat conductor device can be configured as a haripin or as a replacement for (conventional) hairpins and / or within a profile wire winding, especially to minimize eddy current losses within the winding.

[0060] The core of the solution lies in the use of standard enamelled wire, as is common in current motor manufacturing for e-mobility.

[0061] A fundamental idea is that an insulating coating (paint coating) is assumed to have a comparatively high mechanical and electrical load-bearing capacity, and therefore pre-insulated continuous material can be used.

[0062] The following process is possible. For simplicity, it is described using a two-wire example. More wires are conceivable: - Two flat conductor elements (shaped wires with or without coating) are guided parallel to each other. - Both flat conductor elements are rotated 180° relative to each other at a specific distance. - A (spatially limited) bulging twist is pressed back into its original shape by a pressing and / or rolling process. The insulation between the flat conductor elements will be sufficiently maintained.

[0063] It is advantageously designed that the flat conductor device is compressed during and / or after the twisting process of the flat conductor elements. This allows the cross-sectional area in the twisting zone to be increased or prevents it from being reduced by the twisting process. This, in turn, prevents the formation of a hotspot in the flat conductor element. "During" means, in particular, at the same time as or simultaneously with the twisting process. "After the twisting process" means, in particular, that the twisting process has been completely completed.

[0064] For hairpin making, the process can be performed twice per pin.

[0065] In particular, if the insulation in the area of ​​twisting has been permanently weakened by mechanical post-processing (but also in principle otherwise), an additional, external insulation can be applied in this area (locally or generally), preferably by a transfer molding process.

[0066] A weakening of the primary insulation in the critical area of ​​the stator winding heads is not expected.

[0067] The process can be implemented "on the fly" in the industrial wire processing process. A standard wire, which is cost-effective and proven, can be used. Subsequent (and time-consuming) insulation operations may be unnecessary, or only minimal. The proven insulation system remains unchanged in the critical zones of a motor winding. The loosely connected individual conductors (flat conductor elements) prevent internal shear stresses during downstream bending operations to form hairpins.

[0068] The invention will be explained in more detail below with reference to an exemplary embodiment and with the aid of figures.

[0069] This shows: Fig. 1 a schematic side view of a flat conductor device; Fig. 2 a schematic representation of a step in a manufacturing process; Fig. 3 a schematic representation of a further step in the manufacturing process; and Fig. 4 a schematic representation of a further step in the manufacturing process.

[0070] The flat conductor device according to Fig. 1 comprises two flat conductor elements 11, 12, which are stacked on top of each other.

[0071] The flat conductor elements 11 and 12 are identified by different hatching patterns. It is evident that the flat conductor elements 11 and 12 exchange positions relative to their position in the stack along their conductor length. In straight sections 14, the flat conductor elements run straight. In a twisted section 13 (shown schematically; in reality, the respective flat conductor elements continue in this twisted section), the flat conductor elements exchange their positions.

[0072] In the example shown, the flat conductor element 11 is located in a left-hand section after Fig. 1 is at the top and changes its position downwards in the twisting section. Conversely, the flat conductor element 12 changes its position from bottom to top via the twisting section as shown in the figure. Fig. 1 changes.

[0073] As a result of assembling the flat conductor elements 11, 12, preferably with a mechanical device, a consideration of the Fig. 1 from right to left a flat conductor device with two flat conductor elements 11, 12, which are stacked flat, close and densely, so that a compact arrangement is created.

[0074] The flat conductor elements 11, 12 can consist of solid copper or copper alloy material, which is advantageous for more efficient and cost-effective manufacturing. Using material forming processes known per se, preferably employed, solid strip materials with a preferably rectangular cross-section can be deformed such that the twisted sections are formed and the joining of the flat conductor elements 11, 12 to obtain the flat conductor device can be carried out easily and automatically.

[0075] A key advantage of the presented flat conductor device, due to its non-linear conductor structure with layer changes, is the reduction of the surface area exposed to a slot cross-field when used in electrical machines. Furthermore, current displacement is minimized. By simply adjusting the conductor geometry, the device can accommodate different frequency spectra during the operation of electrical machines. Any potentially increased current density in the layer change region can be reduced through geometric adjustment and optimization.

[0076] In the Fig. 2, Fig. 3 to Fig. 4. Individual manufacturing steps are explained using highly schematically drawn intermediate stages. According to Fig. 2. First, two flat conductor elements are provided, which are already equipped with insulation 15. These flat conductor elements 11, 12 are now stacked on top of each other (see Figure 2). Fig. 3) In a subsequent step, the flat conductor elements 11, 12 are rotated 180° relative to each other in the twisting section 13, so that they exchange their position in the stack (see Fig. 4) How to get into Fig. 4 detects a bulge 16 in the thickness direction. This can be leveled by a further processing step, e.g. using at least one press and / or roller, so that in the end a regular surface is also visible in the resulting view (see Fig. 1) is achieved.

[0077] It should be noted here that all parts described above, considered individually and in any combination, especially the details shown in the drawings, are claimed as essential to the invention. Modifications to this are familiar to those skilled in the art.

[0078] Furthermore, it is noted that the broadest possible scope of protection is sought. Therefore, the disclosure contained in the claims can also be specified by features that are described by further features (even if these further features are not necessarily included). It is explicitly noted that parentheses and the term "in particular" are intended to emphasize the optionality of features in the respective context (which does not imply that a feature is mandatory in the corresponding context without such indication). The term "element" is preferably intended to denote a coherent structure that may, in turn, be connected to at least one other structure (to form a potentially monolithic and / or internally immovable overall structure) or may be distinct from all other structures. Reference symbol list 11, 12 flat conductor elements 13 Twist section 14 straight section 15 Insulation 16 bulge

Claims

Method for manufacturing a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements (11, 12) with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements (11, 12) form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements (11, 12) are stacked on top of each other and exchange their positions at least once along their conductor length with respect to their position in the stack, comprising: - insulating at least one respective section of the flat conductor elements and subsequently reshaping the flat conductor elements to form at least one layer exchange. A method, particularly according to claim 1, for manufacturing a flat conductor device designed for use in alternating current supplied electrical machines, in particular motors and / or generators, comprising at least two elongated, rigid flat conductor elements (11, 12) with contact devices for coupling in and out of electric current, wherein the flat conductor elements provide a current path and the flat conductor elements form a layered arrangement with electrical insulation in between, wherein the flat conductor elements (11, 12) are stacked one above the other and exchange their positions in the stack at least once along their conductor length, wherein: - The flat conductor elements (11, 12) are jointly formed to enable a layer exchange, wherein at least two of the flat conductor elements are placed one above the other before the forming,wherein the flat conductor elements are twisted by at least substantially 180° relative to each other in a predetermined twisting section (13). Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that the respective flat conductor element (11, 12) in the final state comprises one or more twisted sections (13) and one or more straight sections (14), wherein a length of the individual twisted section or a summed total length of the twisted sections represents at most 50%, preferably at most 20%, further preferably at most 8% of the length of the individual straight section or a summed total length of all straight sections. Method according to one of the preceding claims, characterized in that a deformation, in particular a bulge (16), of the total cross-section of at least two adjacent flat conductor elements (11, 12) resulting from a twisting of the flat conductor elements (11, 12) is at least partially reversed, for example by pressing and / or a rolling process. Flat conductor device, manufactured according to one of the preceding claims. Flat conductor device according to the immediately preceding claim, characterized in that in the area of ​​the twisting sections (13) the cross-sectional shape of the flat conductor elements (11, 12) varies, wherein the cross-sectional area can be at least substantially constant or can vary. Flat conductor device according to one of the two immediately preceding claims, characterized in that the cross-sectional area in the area of ​​the twisting sections (13) is adapted to the cross-sectional area of ​​the other sections of the flat conductor elements (11, 12). Flat conductor device according to one of the three immediately preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises a stacking arrangement of at least two flat conductor elements (11, 12) with at least one or at least two layer changes each, wherein the respective ends of the flat conductor elements (11, 12) are electrically connected. Flat conductor device according to one of the four immediately preceding claims, characterized in that it is part of a rectangular coil or a hairpin. Stator and / or electrical machine comprising at least one coil, in particular rectangular coil, with at least one flat conductor device according to one of the preceding claims.

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