Heat generation system, thermal power generation system, and heat generation method

Abstract

Provided are a heat generation system, a thermal power generation system, and a heat generation method capable of generating heat with a simplified configuration without using a heater when generating heat using a heat generating body made of a hydrogen storage alloy or the like. A heat generating system (1) is provided with: a heat generating device (11) having a heat generating body in which a multilayer film that generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen is formed on the surface of a support body formed from at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release film, and a proton conductor, a sealed container, an introduction line (4), and a discharge line (5); the heating device includes a sealed container that accommodates a heating element, an introduction line (4) that introduces a hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container, and a discharge line (5) that discharges the hydrogen-containing gas that is supplied to the heating element and generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element. And a heat source (7) for supplying a gas for heating the heating element from the outside of the sealed container or for heating a hydrogen-containing gas for heating the heating element on the inside of the sealed container.

Description

(19) State Intellectual Property Office (12) Invention Patent Application (10) Application Publication Number (43) Application Publication Date (21) Application Number 202480041983.5 (22) Application Date 2024.06.05 (30) Priority Data 2023-112638 2023.07.07 JP (85) PCT International Application Entering National Phase Date 2025.12.23 (86) PCT International Application Application Data PCT / JP2024 / 020506 2024.06.05 (87) PCT International Application Publication Data WO2025 / 013472 JA 2025.01.16 (71) Applicant Green Planet Co., Ltd. Address Tokyo, Japan (72) Inventor Yoshino Shin (74) Patent Agency Shenzhen Zifeng Intellectual Property Agency Co., Ltd. 44570 Patent Attorney Ding Ziyu (51) Int.Cl. F24V 30 / 00(2006.01) F02C 3 / 22(2006.01) F02C 7 / 22(2006.01) F28D 20 / 00(2006.01) (54) Invention Title: Heating System, Thermal Power Generation System and Heating Method (57) Abstract: This invention provides a heating system, thermal power generation system and heating method that can generate heat with a simplified structure without using a heater when using a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like. The heating system (1) has the following structure, comprising: a heating device (11) having a heating element, a sealed container, an inlet line (4) and an outlet line (5), wherein the heating element has a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane and a proton conductor, which generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen; the sealed container contains the heating element; the inlet line (4) introduces hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and the outlet line (5) discharges the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element which generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; and a heat source (7) supplying gas that heats the heating element from the outside of the sealed container or heating the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heating element from the inside of the sealed container.Claims 2 pages, Description 17 pages, Drawings 17 pages, CN 121443896 A 2026.01.30 CN 1 21 44 38 96 A 1. A heating system comprising: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container for containing the heating element; an inlet line for introducing hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and an outlet line for discharging the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element, which is heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; and a heat source for supplying gas to heat the heating element from the outside of the sealed container, or for heating the hydrogen-containing gas to heat the heating element from the inside of the sealed container. 2. The heating system according to claim 1, wherein the multilayer film comprises: a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm; and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramic different from the first layer and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm. 3. A thermal power generation system comprising: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container housing the heating element; an inlet line for introducing hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and an outlet line for discharging the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element, which is heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; and a thermal power generation apparatus having a gas turbine that discharges gas from the outside of the sealed container to heat the heating element or gas to heat the hydrogen-containing gas from the inside of the sealed container, or further comprising a hydrogen boiler for heating the hydrogen-containing gas from the outside of the sealed container or from the inside of the sealed container to heat the heating element. 4. The thermal power generation system of claim 3, wherein the multilayer membrane comprises: a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm; and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramic different from the first layer, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm. 5. The thermal power generation system of claim 3, wherein the thermal power generation device further comprises a steam turbine. 6. The thermal power generation system of claim 3, wherein the thermal power generation device is a power generation device having a hydrogen combustion gas turbine. 7. The thermal power generation system of claim 6, wherein the hydrogen-containing gas is burned in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine to generate electricity, and the hydrogen-containing gas is heated by the heat generated by the heating element caused by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element.8. A thermal power generation system comprising: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container housing the heating element; an inlet line for introducing hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and an outlet line for discharging the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element and heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; a hydrogen boiler for heating the hydrogen-containing gas for heating the heating element from the outside or inside of the sealed container; and a hydrogen combustion boiler for burning the hydrogen-containing gas heated by the heating element caused by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element. 9. The thermal power generation system according to claim 8, wherein, according to claim 1 / 2 page 2 CN 121443896 A, the multilayer film comprises: a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm; and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramic different from the first layer, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm. 10. A heating method comprising: accommodating a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein the heating element generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen is formed by forming a gas from the outside of the sealed container; supplying gas from a heat source to heat the heating element from the outside of the sealed container; or heating a hydrogen-containing gas from the inside of the sealed container to heat the heating element using a heat source; introducing the hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and causing the heating element to heat up through the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element. Claims 2 / 2 Page 3 CN 121443896 A Heating System, Thermal Power Generation System and Heating Method Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a heating system, a thermal power generation system and a heating method. Background Art

[0002] Hydrogen storage alloys have the characteristic of repeatedly absorbing and releasing large amounts of hydrogen under certain reaction conditions, and it is known that the absorption and release of this hydrogen are accompanied by considerable heat of reaction. Heat utilization systems or hydrogen storage systems such as heat pump systems, heat transfer systems, and cooling (refrigeration) systems utilizing this heat of reaction have been proposed (for example, see Patent Documents 1 and 2).

[0003] Furthermore, the applicants have obtained the following insight: by constructing a heating device equipped with a heating element using a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, the heating element is composed of a support body and a multilayer film supported on the support body, and heat is generated when hydrogen is absorbed into the heating element and when hydrogen is released from the heating element. Based on the above insight, the applicants have first proposed a heat utilization system and a heating device (see Patent Document 3).

[0004] Specifically, the support of the heating element of the heating device is composed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen permeable membrane, and a proton conductor. The multilayer membrane supported on the support is, for example, composed of alternating layers of a first layer and a second layer. The first layer is composed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and has a thickness of less than 1000 nm. The second layer is composed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic that is different from the first layer and has a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

[0005] Prior Art Documents Patent Documents Patent Document 1: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 56-100276 Patent Document 2: Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 58-022854 Patent Document 3: Japanese Patent Publication No. 6749035 Summary of the Invention Technical Problem to be Solved by the Invention However, in the heating device proposed in Patent Document 3 that uses a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy, etc., it is necessary to use a heater to heat the hydrogen or the heating element before use. This invention aims to simplify the process by eliminating the need for a heater.

[0006] The object of the present invention is to provide a heating system, a thermal power generation system, and a heating method that can generate heat with a simplified structure without using a heater when using a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like.

[0007] Technical solution to solve the technical problem The heating system of the present invention comprises: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container for containing the heating element; an inlet line for introducing hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and an outlet line for discharging the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element that generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; and a heat source for supplying gas that heats the heating element from the outside of the sealed container, or for heating the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heating element from the inside of the sealed container.

[0008] The thermal power generation system of the present invention comprises: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container having the heating element therein; an inlet line having hydrogen-containing gas introduced into the sealed container; and an outlet line having the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element and heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; and a thermal power generation device having a gas turbine having a gas that heats the heating element from the outside of the sealed container or the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heating element from the inside of the sealed container, or having a hydrogen boiler for heating the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heating element from the outside of the sealed container or from the inside of the sealed container.

[0009] The thermal power generation system of the present invention comprises: a heating device having: a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, wherein heat is generated by the absorption and release of hydrogen; a sealed container for housing the heating element; an inlet line for introducing hydrogen-containing gas into the sealed container; and an outlet line for discharging the hydrogen-containing gas supplied to the heating element and heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element; a hydrogen boiler for heating the hydrogen-containing gas for heating the heating element from the outside or inside the sealed container; and a hydrogen combustion boiler for burning the hydrogen-containing gas heated by the heating element caused by the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element.

[0010] The heating method of the present invention includes a heating element having a multilayer film formed on the surface of a support formed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor, which generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen, contained in a sealed container. A gas is supplied from a heat source to heat the heating element from the outside of the sealed container, or the hydrogen-containing gas used to heat the heating element from the inside of the sealed container is heated by a heat source. The hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the sealed container, and the heating element heats up through the absorption and release of hydrogen within it.

[0011] Effects of the Invention According to the present invention, when using a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like for heating, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without the use of a heater. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0012] FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the heating system of the first embodiment.

[0013] FIG2A is an explanatory diagram for explaining the heating device.

[0014] FIG2B is an explanatory diagram for explaining other structures of the heating device.

[0015] FIG3 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of the heating element.

[0016] FIG4 is a cross-sectional view showing the structure of a laminate having a first layer and a second layer.

[0017] FIG5 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the generation of excess heat.

[0018] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the second embodiment.

[0019] FIG7 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the heating device.

[0020] FIG8A is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the third embodiment.

[0021] FIG8B is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system with other structures according to the third embodiment.

[0022] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the first modified example.

[0023] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the second modified example.

[0024] FIG11 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the heating device.

[0025] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the third modified example.

[0026] FIG13A is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system according to the fourth embodiment.

[0027] FIG13B is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system with other structures according to the fourth embodiment.Instruction Manual 2 / 17 Page 5 CN 121443896 A

[0028] FIG14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the improvement of thermal efficiency of thermal power generation system.

[0029] FIG15 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a heating element having a first layer, a second layer and a third layer in a fourth modified example.

[0030] FIG16 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a heating element having a first layer, a second layer, a third layer and a fourth layer in a fifth modified example. Detailed Embodiments

[0031] [First Embodiment] The heating system 1 of the first embodiment will be described.

[0032] (Heating System 1) FIG1 is a schematic diagram of the heating system 1 of this embodiment. The heating system 1 shown is configured to house a heating device 11 in a container 2. The heating device 11 is connected to a hydrogen tank 3 supplying hydrogen-containing gas (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen gas) via an inlet pipe 4, and hydrogen gas is introduced into it. The heating device 11 is connected to a pump 6 via an outlet pipe 5, and the hydrogen gas supplied in the heating device 11 after heating is discharged. The container 2 is connected to the heat source 7 via the pipe 8, and the heat source 7 supplies gas to heat the heating element 14 (described later) of the heating device 11. The container 2 is connected to the outside of the heating system 1 via the pipe 9. A control unit 10 is provided in connection with the heating device 11, the heat source 7, the pump 6, etc.

[0033] In the heating system 1 shown in FIG1, a structure is shown in which gas is supplied from the heat source 7 to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 from the outside. The gas used to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 from the outside is, for example, combustion gas from a gas turbine or heated hydrogen gas. Using the gas used to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 from the outside, the heating element 14 is heated to a temperature suitable for heating.

[0034] In addition, the gas used to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 by contacting it with the inside of the heating device 11 can also be heated by the heat source 7. The gas used to heat the heating element 14 inside the heating device 11 is, for example, hydrogen gas that has been preheated by a heat source before the heating element 14 is heated. Using the gas used to heat the heating element 14 inside the heating device 11, the heating element 14 is heated to a temperature suitable for heating.

[0035] (Container 2) The container 2 is, for example, a hollow container that houses the heating device 11 inside. The container 2 is made of, for example, stainless steel. As long as it is configured to supply the gas from the heat source 7 to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 in the heating system 1, the container 2 may not be a container with a defined space. For example, the heating system 1 may also have a structure in which the heating device 11 is provided in the flow path where the combustion gas of the gas turbine is discharged.

[0036] (Hydrogen tank 3) The hydrogen tank 3 stores hydrogen gas.Hydrogen-based gases are gases containing isotopes of hydrogen. At least one of deuterium and protium is used as a hydrogen-based gas. Protium comprises a mixture of naturally occurring protium and deuterium, i.e., a mixture with an abundance of 99.985% protium and an abundance of 0.015% deuterium.

[0037] (Heating Device 11) FIG2A is an explanatory diagram illustrating the heating device 11. The illustrated heating device 11 is constructed by housing a heating element 14 in a sealed container 15. The heating element 14 generates heat (hereinafter referred to as excess heat) through the absorption and release of hydrogen. The heating element 14 is heated to a temperature, for example, between 50°C and 1000°C by generating excess heat. In this example, the heating element 14 is formed as a plate having a surface and a back surface. Detailed structure of the heating element 14 will be described later using other figures, and the surface area of ​​the heating element 14 is pre-adjusted to achieve a predetermined temperature. Instruction manual 3 / 17 page 6 CN 121443896 A

[0038] The sealed container 15 is a hollow container that houses the heating element 14 inside. The sealed container 15 is formed, for example, of stainless steel. In this example, the sealed container 15 is configured to have a shape having a length direction orthogonal to the direction orthogonal to the surface or back surface of the heating element 14. The heating element 14 is disposed inside the sealed container 15 by a mounting part not shown.

[0039] The sealed container 15 has an inlet 23 connected to an inlet line 29. The inlet line 29 is connected to the inlet line 4 of the heating system 1 of FIG. 1. Hydrogen gas is introduced from the hydrogen tank 3 into the sealed container 15 via the inlet 23. The sealed container 15 has an outlet 24 connected to an outlet line 30. The outlet line 30 is connected to the outlet line 5 of the heating system 1 of FIG. 1. The hydrogen gas in the sealed container 15 is discharged from the sealed container 15 to the outside of the heating device 11 via the outlet pipe 30 connected to the outlet 24.

[0040] The sealed container 15 is introduced with hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 3. At this time, the hydrogen molecules contained in the hydrogen gas are adsorbed onto the heating element 14, and the hydrogen molecules dissociate into two hydrogen atoms. The dissociated hydrogen atoms permeate into the interior of the heating element 14. That is, hydrogen is absorbed into the heating element 14. After the hydrogen is absorbed into the heating element 14, the hydrogen gas is discharged by driving the pump 6, thereby depressurizing the sealed container 15 to, for example, below 1×10-4 Pa, or evacuating the sealed container 15. As a result, due to the concentration difference between the hydrogen inside the heating element 14 and the hydrogen inside the sealed container 15 and outside the heating element 14, hydrogen atoms diffuse inside the heating element 14, and hydrogen absorption and release occur in the heating element 14. The details of the heating element 14 will be described later. During hydrogen diffusion, heat is generated by absorbing hydrogen and also by releasing hydrogen.

[0041] In the structure shown in FIG2A, even if a small amount of hydrogen is supplied to the heating element 14, the heating element 14 can be heated by the absorption and release of hydrogen. The heat of the heating element 14 can be recovered and utilized.

[0042] FIG2B is an explanatory diagram illustrating a heating device 11 with a structure different from FIG2A. The sealed container 15 is a hollow container that houses the heating element 14 inside. The sealed container 15 is formed, for example, of stainless steel. In this example, the sealed container 15 is configured to have a shape having a length direction parallel to the direction orthogonal to the surface or back side of the heating element 14. A mounting section 20 for mounting the heating element 14 is provided inside the sealed container 15.

[0043] The sealed container 15 has a first chamber 21 and a second chamber 22 separated by the heating element 14 inside. The first chamber 21 is formed by a surface that serves as one side of the heating element 14 and an inner surface of the sealed container 15. The first chamber 21 has an inlet 23 connected to an inlet line 29. The inlet line 29 is connected to the inlet line 4 of the heating system 1 of FIG1. ​​Hydrogen gas is introduced from the hydrogen tank 3 into the first chamber 21 via the inlet 23. The second chamber 22 is formed by a back side that serves as the other side of the heating element 14 and an inner surface of the sealed container 15. The second chamber 22 has an outlet 24 connected to an outlet line 30. The outlet line 30 is connected to the outlet line 5 of the heating system 1 in FIG. 1. The hydrogen gas in the second chamber 22 is discharged from the second chamber 22 to the outside of the heating device 11 via the outlet line 30 connected to the outlet 24.

[0044] The first chamber 21 is pressurized by introducing hydrogen gas from the hydrogen tank 3. The second chamber 22 is depressurized by driving the pump 6 to discharge the hydrogen gas. As a result, the hydrogen pressure in the first chamber 21 is higher than the hydrogen pressure in the second chamber 22. The hydrogen pressure in the first chamber 21 is, for example, 100 kPa. The hydrogen pressure in the second chamber 22 is, for example, less than 1×10⁻⁴ Pa. The second chamber 22 may also be in a vacuum state. Thus, the hydrogen pressures in the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 are different. Therefore, the interior of the sealed container 15 becomes a state in which a pressure difference is generated on both sides of the heating element 14. On the paths of the inlet line 29 and the outlet line 30, pressure regulating valves (not shown) are appropriately provided as described above for adjusting the pressure of the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22.

[0045] When a pressure difference is generated on both sides of the heating element 14, hydrogen molecules contained in the hydrogen-based gas are adsorbed on one side (surface) of the heating element 14 located on the high-pressure side, and the hydrogen molecules dissociate into two hydrogen atoms. The dissociated hydrogen atoms permeate into the interior of the heating element 14. That is, hydrogen is absorbed in the heating element 14. The hydrogen atoms diffuse and pass through the interior of the heating element 14. On the other side (back side) of the heating element 14 located on the low-pressure side, the hydrogen atoms that have passed through the heating element 14 re-bond and become hydrogen molecules and are released. That is, hydrogen is released from the heating element 14.

[0046] As described above, the absorption and release of hydrogen occur in the heating element 14. The details of the heating element 14 will be described later in the hydrogen diffusion specification, page 4 / 17, 7 CN 121443896 A. During the diffusion process, it generates heat by absorbing hydrogen and also by releasing hydrogen.

[0047] When hydrogen is absorbed and released in the heating element 14, if hydrogen-based gas is supplied sufficiently, the heating element 14 allows hydrogen to permeate from the high-pressure side to the low-pressure side. "Permeation" means that hydrogen is absorbed on one side of the heating element and released from the other side. Therefore, the heating element 14 generates heat through hydrogen permeation. It should be noted that in the following description, "hydrogen permeation" is sometimes referred to as "hydrogen-based gas permeation" when referring to the heating element. When the hydrogen-based gas permeates the heating element 14, it is heated by the heat of the heating element 14. The heated hydrogen-based gas can be used as fuel for, for example, a gas turbine.

[0048] The heating in the heating element 14 is not limited to the case of hydrogen permeation in the heating element 14 as shown in FIG. 2B. As shown in FIG. 2A, etc., as long as hydrogen is absorbed and released by the heating element 14, heat is generated in the heating element 14, and even if a small amount of hydrogen-based gas is supplied to the heating element 14, the heating element 14 can be heated through hydrogen absorption and release. In this case, since the supplied hydrogen gas is small in quantity, it is not sufficient for utilization as hydrogen gas, but the heat of the heating element 14 can be recovered and utilized. When the heating element 14 is not in direct contact with hydrogen, the hydrogen gas supplied to the heating element 14 for heating is recovered and reused, or released into the atmosphere.

[0049] In the structure shown in FIG. 2A, a pressure sensor (not shown) is provided inside the sealed container 15 to detect the pressure inside the sealed container 15. The pressure sensor is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected pressure to the control unit 10.

[0050] In the structure shown in FIG. 2B, a pressure sensor (not shown) is provided inside the first chamber 21 to detect the pressure inside the first chamber 21. A pressure sensor (not shown) is provided inside the second chamber 22 to detect the pressure inside the second chamber 22. Each pressure sensor provided in the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22 is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected pressure to the control unit 10.

[0051] The heating system 1 supplies gas from the heat source 7 to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 11 from the outside. The gas used to heat the heating element 14 from the outside of the heating device 11 is, for example, combustion gas from a gas turbine or heated hydrogen gas. As a result, the temperature of the heating element 14 is maintained at a temperature suitable for heating.

[0052] Alternatively, the gas used to heat the heating element 14 by contacting it on the inside of the heating device 11 can also be heated by the heat source 7. The gas used to heat the heating element 14 on the inside of the heating device 11 is, for example, hydrogen gas supplied to the heating element 14 before heating. As a result, the temperature of the heating element 14 is maintained at a temperature suitable for heating.

[0053] The suitable temperature for heating in the heating element 14 is, for example, in the range of 50°C or higher and 1000°C or lower. A temperature sensor (not shown) is provided in the heating device 11. The temperature sensor detects the temperature of the heating element 14. The temperature sensor is, for example, a thermocouple, and is provided in the mounting section 20 of the sealed container 15. The temperature sensor may also be configured to detect the temperature of the hydrogen gas. The temperature sensor is electrically connected to the control unit 10 and outputs a signal corresponding to the detected temperature to the control unit 10.

[0054] A filter for removing impurities contained in the hydrogen gas is provided along the path of the inlet pipe 29 as needed. Here, the amount of hydrogen absorbed and released in the heating element 14 (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen absorption and release amount), or the amount of hydrogen permeating the heating element 14 when hydrogen permeates the heating element 14 (hereinafter referred to as hydrogen permeation amount), is determined by the temperature of the heating element 14, the pressure of the hydrogen gas introduced into the sealed container 15 or the pressure difference between the two sides of the heating element 14, and the surface condition of the heating element 14. When impurities are present in the hydrogen-based gas, these impurities sometimes adhere to the surface of the heating element 14, deteriorating the surface condition of the heating element 14. When impurities adhere to the surface of the heating element 14, the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the surface of the heating element 14 are hindered, reducing the amount of hydrogen absorbed and released or the amount of hydrogen permeated.

[0055] Substances that hinder the adsorption and dissociation of hydrogen molecules on the surface of the heating element 14 include, for example, water (including water vapor), hydrocarbons (methane, ethane, methanol, ethanol, etc.), C, S, and Si. Water is considered to be released from the inner wall of the sealed container 15, or as a substance obtained by the reduction of an oxide film contained in a component located inside the sealed container 15 by hydrogen. Hydrocarbons, C, S, and Si are considered to be released from various components located inside the sealed container 15. Therefore, the filter removes at least water (including water vapor), hydrocarbons, C, S, and Si as impurities. The filter suppresses the reduction in hydrogen absorption and release or hydrogen permeation in the heating element 14 by removing impurities contained in the hydrogen-based gas.

[0056] (Control Unit 10) The pressure sensor and temperature sensor of the heating device 11, the pump 6, the pressure regulating valve (not shown) on the path of the inlet line 4 and the outlet line 5, and the heat source 7 are connected to the control unit 10 to control the operation of each part of the heating system 1. The control unit 10 mainly includes, for example, a storage unit such as a central processing unit (CPU), a read-only memory (ROM), or a random access memory (RAM). In the CPU, various arithmetic processes are performed using, for example, programs or data stored in the storage unit.

[0057] The control unit 10 adjusts the temperature and supply of the gas from the heat source, as well as the pressure of the sealed container 15, and performs a hydrogen absorption process to allow the heating element 14 to absorb hydrogen and a hydrogen release process to allow the hydrogen to be released from the heating element 14. The heat source heats the hydrogen-based gas supplied to the heating device 11 before it is heated. In this embodiment, in the structure shown in FIG. 2A, the control unit 10 performs the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process by depressurizing or evacuating the sealed container 15 after supplying hydrogen-based gas into it. It should be noted that the control unit 10 may also alternately and repeatedly perform the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process. That is, the control unit 10 may first perform the hydrogen absorption process to allow the heating element 14 to absorb hydrogen, and then perform the hydrogen release process to allow the hydrogen absorbed by the heating element 14 to be released. By alternately and repeatedly performing the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process, excess heat can also be generated from the heating element 14. In the structure shown in Figure 2B, the control unit 10 simultaneously performs the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process by creating a hydrogen pressure difference between the first chamber 21 and the second chamber 22. The term "simultaneously" refers to a short period of time during which the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process are completely simultaneous or substantially simultaneous. By simultaneously performing the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process, the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element 14 are carried out continuously, thus enabling the efficient generation of excess heat in the heating element 14. It should be noted that the control unit 10 may also alternately and repeatedly perform the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process. That is, the control unit 10 may first perform the hydrogen absorption process to allow the heating element 14 to absorb hydrogen, and then perform the hydrogen release process to allow the hydrogen absorbed by the heating element 14 to be released. By alternatingly and repeatedly performing the hydrogen absorption process and the hydrogen release process in this way, excess heat can also be generated from the heating element 14.

[0058] When hydrogen is absorbed and released in the heating element 14 in the heating device 11, excess heat is generated. In the structure shown in FIG2A, the excess heat of the heating element 14 is used to heat the gas passing through the interior of the container 2 and the exterior of the heating device 11, for example, the gas supplied from the heat source 7. In this case, the excess heat of the heating element 14 is configured to conduct heat to the gas passing through the exterior of the heating device 11. The larger the surface area of ​​the heating element 14, the greater the excess heat generated by the heating element 14, and correspondingly, the temperature of the gas passing through the exterior of the heating device 11 becomes higher. Therefore, the surface area of ​​the heating element 14, as described later, is set to a predetermined size so that the gas passing through the exterior of the heating device 11 reaches a predetermined temperature.

[0059] Alternatively, in the structure shown in FIG2B, the excess heat of the heating element 14 is used to heat the gas passing through the interior of the heating device 11, for example, a hydrogen-based gas. In this case, the hydrogen-based gas is heated by the excess heat generated by the heating element 14 as it passes through the heating element 14.Regarding hydrogen-based gases, the thicker the heating element 14, the longer the distance to the point of penetration through the heating element 14, and the longer the time it takes to be heated by the excess heat generated in the heating element 14. Correspondingly, the temperature when the gas is discharged through the heating element 14 into the second chamber 22 is higher. Therefore, the heating element 14 is set to a predetermined thickness by stacking a predetermined number of layers as described later, so that the hydrogen-based gas after passing through the heating element 14 reaches a predetermined temperature.

[0060] (Heating element 14) Next, the detailed structure of the heating element 14 will be described with reference to FIGS. 3 and 4. As shown in FIG. 3, the heating element 14 has a laminate 14a as described on page 6 / 17 of the specification, CN 121443896 A, which has a support 61 and a multilayer film 62.

[0061] Here, for example, hydrogen gas at around 25°C is absorbed by the heating element 14 and released from the heating element 14. The hydrogen gas is thus heated by the heating element 14 and, after passing through the heating element 14, becomes hydrogen gas at a temperature of 50°C or higher and 1000°C or lower, preferably 600°C or higher and 1000°C or lower. It should be noted that in this embodiment, the direction in which the hydrogen gas is introduced or the direction in which the hydrogen gas passes through can be arbitrary.

[0062] The support 61 can be any structure capable of absorbing and releasing hydrogen gas into and from the heating element 14, and can be formed from at least one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor. In this example, the support 61 is formed as a plate having a surface and a back surface. The porous body, for example, has pores of a size capable of allowing hydrogen gas to pass through. The porous body is formed, for example, of metals, non-metals, ceramics, etc. The porous body is preferably formed of a material that does not impede the reaction (hereinafter referred to as the heating reaction) between the hydrogen gas and the multilayer membrane 62. Hydrogen absorption and release membranes can be hydrogen-permeable membranes, for example, formed from hydrogen storage metals or hydrogen storage alloys. Examples of hydrogen storage metals include Ni, Pd, V, Nb, Ta, and Ti. Examples of hydrogen storage alloys include LaNi5, CaCu5, MgZn2, ZrNi2, ZrCr2, TiFe, TiCo, Mg2Ni, and Mg2Cu. Hydrogen absorption and release membranes can also include membranes with mesh-like sheets. As proton conductors, BaCeO3-based membranes (e.g., Ba(Ce0.95Y0.05)O3-δ), SrCeO3-based membranes (e.g., Sr(Ce0.95Y0.05)O3-δ), CaZrO3-based membranes (e.g., CaZr0.95Y0.05O3-α), SrZrO3-based membranes (e.g., SrZr0.9Y0.1O3-α), βAl2O3, and βGa2O3 can be used.

[0063] As shown in FIG4, a multilayer film 62 is disposed on the support 61. The multilayer film 62 is formed by a first layer 71 and a second layer 72. The first layer 71 is formed by a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and the second layer 72 is formed by a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy or ceramic that is different from the first layer 71.A heterogeneous material interface 73, described later, is formed between the support 61, the first layer 71, and the second layer 72. In Figure 4, the multilayer film 62 has the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 alternately stacked on one side (e.g., the surface) of the support 61. The first layer 71 and the second layer 72 are each set to 5 layers. The number of layers in the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 can be appropriately changed. The multilayer film 62 can also be a film in which the second layer 72 and the first layer 71 are alternately stacked on the surface of the support 61. The multilayer film 62 has one or more first layers 71 and second layers 72, and the heterogeneous material interface 733 can be formed in one or more layers.

[0064] The first layer 71 is formed, for example, by any one of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, and their alloys. The alloy forming the first layer 71 is preferably an alloy composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the first layer 71, an alloy in which additive elements are added to Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, or Co can also be used.

[0065] The second layer 72 is formed, for example, by any one of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, their alloys, or SiC. The alloy forming the second layer 72 is preferably an alloy composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, or Co. As the alloy forming the second layer 72, an alloy in which additive elements are added to Ni, Pd, Cu, Mn, Cr, Fe, Mg, or Co can also be used.

[0066] When the element types are represented as "first layer 71 - second layer 72 (second layer 72 - first layer 71)" as the combination of the first layer 71 and the second layer 72, Pd-Ni, Ni-Cu, Ni-Cr, Ni-Fe, Ni-Mg, or Ni-Co are preferred. When the second layer 72 is ceramic, the “first layer 71-second layer 72” is preferably Ni-SiC.

[0067] The behavior of hydrogen atoms in the heterogeneous material interface 73 will be explained. As shown in FIG5, the heterogeneous material interface 73 allows hydrogen atoms to pass through. FIG5 is a schematic diagram showing the movement of hydrogen atoms in the metal lattice of the first layer 71 through the heterogeneous material interface 73 to the metal lattice of the second layer 72 in the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 formed by the face-centered cubic structure of hydrogen storage metal. It is known that hydrogen is relatively light and undergoes quantum diffusion while jumping at the sites (octahedral or tetrahedral sites) occupied by hydrogen in a certain substance A and substance B. Therefore, hydrogen absorbed in the heating element 14 undergoes quantum diffusion while jumping inside the multilayer film 62. In the heating element 14, hydrogen passes through the first layer 71, the heterogeneous material interface 73 and the second layer 72 through quantum diffusion.

[0068] The thickness of the first layer 71 and the thickness of the second layer 72 are preferably less than 1000 nm, respectively.If the thickness of each of the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 is 1000 nm or more, hydrogen is difficult to pass through the multilayer film 62. Furthermore, if the thickness of each of the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 is less than 1000 nm, a nanostructure that does not exhibit bulk characteristics can be maintained. More preferably, the thickness of each of the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 is less than 500 nm. If the thickness of each of the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 is less than 500 nm, a nanostructure that does not exhibit bulk characteristics can be maintained.

[0069] Next, an example of a method for manufacturing the heating element 14 will be described. In this case, a plate-shaped support 61 is prepared, and using a vapor deposition apparatus, the hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy that forms the first layer 71 or the second layer 72 is in a gaseous state, and the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 are alternately deposited on the surface of the support 61 by condensation or adsorption. Thus, a laminate 14a having a multilayer film 62 on the surface of the support 61 is formed. It should be noted that the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 are preferably formed continuously under vacuum. Therefore, no natural oxide film is formed between the first layer 71 and the second layer 72, only a heterogeneous material interface 73 is formed. As the vapor deposition apparatus, a physical vapor deposition apparatus that vapor-deposits hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy by physical methods is used. As the physical vapor deposition apparatus, sputtering apparatus, vacuum vapor deposition apparatus, and CVD (Chemical Vapor Deposition) apparatus are preferred. Alternatively, the first layer 71 and the second layer 72 can be alternately formed by electroplating to deposit hydrogen storage metal or hydrogen storage alloy onto the surface of the support 61.

[0070] In FIG. 4, the multilayer film 62 is configured to be stacked on one side (e.g., the surface) of the support 61, but it is not limited to this. The multilayer film 62 can also be configured to be stacked on another side (e.g., the back side) of the support 61. Furthermore, the multilayer film 62 can also be configured to be stacked on both sides (the surface and the back side) of the support 61.

[0071] (Heat source 7) The heat source 7 supplies gas from the outside of the sealed container 15 constituting the heating device 11 to heat the heating element 14. Alternatively, the heat source 7 heats the hydrogen-based gas used to heat the heating element 14 inside the sealed container 15. Such a heat source 7 is, for example, a thermal power generation unit with a gas turbine, a thermal power generation unit with a gas turbine and a steam turbine, a thermal power generation unit with a hydrogen combustion gas turbine, and a hydrogen boiler.

[0072] (Operation of heating system 1) Next, the operation of the heating system 1 configured as described above will be explained. As shown in FIG1, by supplying gas from the heat source 7 to heat the heating element 14 from the outside of the sealed container 15 constituting the heating device 11, or by using the heat source 7 to heat the hydrogen-based gas used to heat the heating element 14 inside the sealed container 15, the temperature of the heating element 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature.Excess heat is generated through the absorption of hydrogen into and release from the multilayer film 62. Specifically, hydrogen molecules adsorb onto the surface of the multilayer film 62 of each heating element 14, dissociate into two hydrogen atoms, and penetrate into the interior of the heating element 14. The hydrogen atoms are absorbed by the heating element 14 and diffuse within it, resulting in hydrogen absorption and release. Thus, hydrogen atoms diffuse through the dissimilar material interface 73 of the multilayer film 62 via quantum diffusion (see Figure 5), or diffuse within the dissimilar material interface 73 via quantum diffusion, enabling the generation of excess heat above the heating temperature in each heating element 14. In the heating system 1, excess heat is generated efficiently through the continuous absorption and release of hydrogen in each heating element 14. In the heating system 1, the excess heat from the heating elements 14 is used to heat gases passing outside the heating device 11, such as gases supplied from the heat source 7. The excess heat recovered from the gases supplied from the heat source 7 is used as thermal energy. Alternatively, the excess heat of the heating element 14 can be used to heat the gas passing through the heating device 11, such as hydrogen-based gas. The heated hydrogen-based gas is then burned in a hydrogen combustion device such as a hydrogen combustion gas turbine or a hydrogen combustion boiler and utilized.

[0073] (Effects of Heating System 1) According to the heating system 1 of this embodiment, when heating is performed using a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without the use of a heater.

[0074] Since the heating element 14 uses hydrogen for heating, it does not produce greenhouse gases such as carbon dioxide, and can be considered a clean thermal energy source. In addition, the hydrogen used can be generated from water, so it is inexpensive. Furthermore, the heating of the heating element 14 is different from nuclear fission reaction, and there is no chain reaction, so it is safe. Therefore, by using such a heating element 14 as a thermal energy source, the heating device 11 can utilize inexpensive, clean, and safe thermal energy to obtain excess heat or heated hydrogen-based gas. The electrothermal design of the heating element 14 used in this embodiment is easy.

[0075] The excess heat obtained as described above can be used as thermal energy. Alternatively, the heated hydrogen gas obtained can be utilized in a hydrogen combustion device such as a hydrogen combustion gas turbine or a hydrogen combustion boiler.

[0076] (Heating Method) The heating method of this embodiment involves housing a heating element 14, on the surface of a support 61 having a multilayer film 62 formed thereon, in a sealed container 15. The support 61 is formed of at least one of a porous material, a hydrogen absorption and release membrane, and a proton conductor. The multilayer film 62 generates heat through the absorption and release of hydrogen. Then, a gas is supplied from the heat source 7 to heat the heating element 14 from the outside of the sealed container 15, or the hydrogen gas used to heat the heating element 14 from the inside of the sealed container 15 is heated by the heat source 7.Next, hydrogen gas is introduced into the sealed container 15, and heat is generated in the heating element 14 through the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element 14.

[0077] (Effect of the heating method) According to the heating method of this embodiment, when heating is performed using a heating element 14 that employs a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without the use of a heater.

[0078] The present invention is not limited to the above embodiments, and appropriate modifications can be made without departing from the spirit of the present invention. Hereinafter, other embodiments and modifications will be described. In the drawings and descriptions of other embodiments and modifications, the same reference numerals are used to mark the same or equivalent components and parts as in the above embodiments. Descriptions that are repeated in the above embodiments are appropriately omitted, and structures that are different from the above embodiments are described in detail.

[0079] [Second Embodiment] FIG6 is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system 1A according to the second embodiment. The illustrated thermal power generation system 1A includes: a thermal power generation unit 7A, which has a gas turbine 34 and a steam turbine 37; and a heating device 42 (described later), which is provided in a portion 35a of the combustion gas exhaust pipe 35 of the gas turbine 34. The gas turbine 34 exhausts gas that heats the heating element 14 of the heating device 42.

[0080] The gas turbine 34 rotates using the pressure of the combustion gas 33 obtained by burning air 31 and natural gas. The gas turbine 34 is connected to a generator 41, and the generator 41 generates electricity by the rotation of the gas turbine 34. The combustion gas exhaust pipe 35 is connected to the gas turbine 34, and the combustion gas supplied to the gas turbine 34 after rotation is discharged from the combustion gas exhaust pipe 35. A heat recovery boiler 36 is connected to the combustion gas exhaust pipe 35.

[0081] The steam turbine 37 is connected to a condenser 38, a first pipe 39, and a second pipe 40. The heat exchange section 39a of the first pipe 39 is arranged to pass through the interior of the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36. Water and steam, serving as heat mediums, flow in the condenser 38, the first pipe 39, and the second pipe 40. Water accumulated in the condenser 38 passes through the first pipe 39 and exchanges heat with the combustion gases from the gas turbine 34 in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36 to become steam. The resulting steam is introduced into the steam turbine 37 through the second pipe. The steam turbine 37 rotates under the pressure of the steam. The steam turbine 37 is connected to the generator 41, and the rotation of the steam turbine 37 generates electricity in the generator 41. The steam turbine 37 is connected to the condenser 38 via a pipe, and the rotated steam supplied to the steam turbine 37 becomes water in the condenser 38. The combustion gases from the gas turbine 34 undergo heat exchange in the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36 and are discharged from the pipe 36a.

[0082] The combustion gas discharge pipe 35 has, for example, a cross-section of 5m × 7m and a length of 20m. In this embodiment, a heating device 42 is provided in a portion 35a of the combustion gas discharge pipe 35. The combustion gas supplied from the gas turbine 34 to the heating device 42 can heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 42. Specification 9 / 17 pages 12 CN 121443896 A

[0083] FIG7 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the heating device 42. As shown in FIG7, the heating device 42 is configured to be housed in the flow path of a portion 35a of the combustion gas discharge pipe 35. In the structure shown in FIG7, a structure with three heating devices 42 is shown, but the number of heating devices 42 is not particularly limited. The heating device 42 has the same structure as the heating device 11 described in the first embodiment, and has the structure shown in FIG2A.

[0084] The heating device 42 is connected to the hydrogen tank 43 and the hydrogen supply device 44 for supplying hydrogen gas via the inlet pipe 45, and is introduced with hydrogen gas. Heating device 42 is connected to pump 47 via outlet line 46, and the heating device 42 is depressurized or evacuated.

[0085] Combustion gas discharge line 35 is connected to gas turbine 34, and combustion gas 48 at atmospheric pressure is supplied from gas turbine 34 to combustion gas discharge line 35. Combustion gas 48 can heat the heating element of heating device 42. By supplying a small amount of hydrogen gas to the heating element 14 of heating device 42, the heating device 42 is depressurized or evacuated, so that hydrogen diffuses inside the heating element 14. During the hydrogen diffusion process, the heating element 14 heats up through the absorption and release of hydrogen in the heating element 14. Combustion gas discharge line 35 is connected to heat recovery boiler 36. After the combustion gas 48 temporarily heats the heating element 14 of the heating device 42 to a predetermined temperature, the excess heat generated in the heating element 14 is conducted away as exhaust gas 49, which has a higher temperature than the exhaust gas just discharged from the gas turbine 34, and supplied to the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36. In the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36, heat is recovered from the exhaust gas 49 to generate electricity in the steam turbine 37. In this way, the excess heat generated in the heating element 14 of the heating device 42 is used as thermal energy.

[0086] In the heating device 42 described above, the temperature of the heating element 14 of the heating device 42 is heated to a predetermined temperature by supplying combustion gas 48 from the gas turbine 34. When hydrogen gas is introduced into the heating device 42 and the internal pressure of the heating device 42 is reduced or evacuated, excess heat is generated due to the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer membrane 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer membrane 62. The excess heat generated by the heating element 14 heats the combustion gas 48 passing through the combustion gas discharge pipe 35 through heat exchange, thereby increasing the temperature of the discharge gas 49 supplied to the heat recovery boiler 36.For example, when the temperature of the combustion gas 48 supplied from the gas turbine 34 to the combustion gas discharge pipe 35 is 650°C, the temperature of the exhaust gas 49 supplied from the combustion gas discharge pipe 35 to the heat recovery boiler 36 can be 650°C or higher. This improves the power generation efficiency in the steam turbine 37.

[0087] According to the thermal power generation system 1A of this embodiment, when heating is performed using a heating element 14 employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without using a heater, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0088] [Third Embodiment] FIG8A is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system 1B according to the third embodiment. The illustrated thermal power generation system 1B includes a thermal power generation device 7B having a hydrogen combustion gas turbine and a heating element 105a. The thermal power generation device 7B discharges gas used to heat the hydrogen-based gas for heating the heating element 14 of the heating element 105a.

[0089] The thermal power generation device 7B has a hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 is configured to include a compressor 51, a combustor 52, turbines 53 and 54, and a combustion gas outlet 55. The turbines 53 and 54 are rotated by the pressure of the combustion gas 57 obtained by simultaneously drawing in external gas 56 into the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 and introducing hydrogen-based gas into the combustor 52 for combustion. The turbines 53 and 54 are connected to a generator (not shown), and the rotation of the turbines 53 and 54 generates electricity. The combustion gas 57 is discharged from the outlet 55 after the turbines 53 and 54 are rotated.

[0090] In this embodiment, a structure including a heating device 105a is provided as a supply unit for supplying hydrogen-based gas to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The thermal power generation system 1B includes a hydrogen tank 101, a pipeline 102, a heat exchanger 103, a pipeline 104, a heating device 105a, a container 105b, and a pipeline 106. The heating device 105a is housed in the container 105b. Pressure regulating valves (not shown) appropriately installed on the paths of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, heating device 105a, container 105b, and pipelines 102, 104, and 106 are connected to a control unit (not shown). The control unit controls the driving of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, the supply of hydrogen gas, and the heating of hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the container 105b and the exterior of the heating device 105a.

[0091] The hydrogen tank 101 is connected to the heat exchanger 103 via pipeline 102. The heat exchanger 103 is arranged on the path of the exhaust of the combustion gas 57. Hydrogen gas is introduced from the hydrogen tank 101 to the heat exchanger 103, and the introduced hydrogen gas exchanges heat with the combustion gas 57 flowing near the heat exchanger 103, for example, heating the hydrogen gas to 650°C.The heated hydrogen gas is introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a via pipe 104.

[0092] The heating device 105a has the structure shown in FIG. 2A. The hydrogen gas introduced into the heating device 105a is heated to a predetermined temperature by exchanging heat with the combustion gas 57 discharged from the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, and the heated hydrogen gas heats the temperature of the heating element 14 to a predetermined temperature from the outside of the heating device 105a. A small amount of hydrogen gas is supplied to the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a via a pipe (not shown) separately provided in the heating device 105a, and the heating device 105a is depressurized or evacuated, so that hydrogen diffuses inside the heating element 14. During the hydrogen diffusion process, excess heat is generated by the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The heating element 14 uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the inside of the container 105b and the outside of the heating device 105a to, for example, 900°C.

[0093] The heated hydrogen gas obtained as described above can be utilized in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device 105a.

[0094] The gas turbine output of the thermal power generation system 1B of this embodiment was calculated by simulation. Here, the temperature of the hydrogen gas before heating in the heat exchanger 103 is assumed to be 20°C, the temperature of the hydrogen gas after heating in the heat exchanger 103 is assumed to be 650°C, the temperature of the hydrogen gas further heated by the heating device 105a is assumed to be 900°C, and the combustion temperature in the burner 52 is assumed to be 1600°C. The simulation results show that in the thermal power generation system 1B of this embodiment, compared with the case where the hydrogen gas is supplied without heating without the heating device 105a, the fuel quantity is reduced by 15.7%, thereby increasing the gas turbine efficiency by 18.6%. Due to the reduction in fuel quantity, the working fluid of the gas turbine is reduced, and the gas turbine output is reduced by 2.3%. If the increase in gas turbine efficiency and the decrease in gas turbine output mentioned above are offset, the overall gas turbine efficiency increases by 15.9%, for example, from 35% to 40.5%.

[0095] The combustion gas 57, which has undergone heat exchange with the hydrogen-based gas in the heat exchanger 103, is discharged to the outside of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. For example, if the structure is the same as that of the steam turbine 37 and the exhaust heat recovery boiler 36 described in the second embodiment, the heat of the combustion gas 57 can be recovered to generate electricity using the steam turbine. In this case, the temperature of the combustion gas 57 decreases due to heat exchange with the hydrogen-based gas, and correspondingly, the efficiency of power generation in the steam turbine using the combustion gas 57 decreases.

[0096] According to the thermal power generation system 1B of this embodiment, when heating is performed using a heating element 14 employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without using a heater, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0097] FIG8B is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system 1Ba with another structure of this embodiment. In the structure of FIG8B, instead of the heating device 105a housed in the housing container 105b shown in FIG8A, a heating device 105c not housed in the housing container is provided. The heating device 105c has the structure shown in FIG2B. Through heat exchange with the combustion gas 57 discharged from the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, the hydrogen gas introduced into the heating device 105c is heated to a predetermined temperature, and the temperature of the heating element 14 in contact with the hydrogen gas inside the heating device 105c is heated to a predetermined temperature. When the heated hydrogen gas is introduced into the heating device 105c, excess heat is generated due to the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The heating element 14 uses the excess heat generated to heat the hydrogen gas inside the heating device 105c to, for example, 900°C. The heated hydrogen gas obtained in this way can be used in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, which can improve the power generation efficiency.

[0098] [First Modification] FIG9 is a schematic diagram of the thermal power generation system 1C of the first modification. The thermal power generation system 1C shown in the figure, like the third embodiment, includes a thermal power generation device 7C with a hydrogen combustion gas turbine and a heating device 105a. The thermal power generation device 7C discharges gas used to heat the hydrogen gas for heating the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a. Thermal power generation device specification 11 / 17 pages 14 CN 121443896 A The structure of the device 7C is the same as that of the third embodiment. In addition, like the third embodiment, a supply section including the heating device 105a is provided as a supply unit for supplying hydrogen gas to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50.

[0099] In this modified example, the pipe 102a leading from the hydrogen tank 101 branches into pipe 102b and pipe 102c. One pipe 102c is connected to the heat exchanger 103 in the same manner as in the third embodiment, and then connected to the burner 52 of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 via pipe 104, the container 105b containing the heating device 105a, and pipe 106, so that the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device 105a is used for combustion. The heating device 105a has the same structure as the heating device 105a described in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, and has the structure shown in FIG. 2A. When the heated hydrogen gas is introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a, the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a is heated to a predetermined temperature, and excess heat is generated by the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62.The heating element 14 of the heating device 105a uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the container 105b and outside the heating device 105a to, for example, 900°C. The heated hydrogen gas obtained as described above can be used in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device 105a.

[0100] Alternatively, a heating device with the structure shown in FIG. 2B that is not housed in the container can be provided instead of the heating device 105a housed in the container 105b shown in FIG. 9. The heating element 14 of the heating device uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the heating device 105a to, for example, 900°C, and burns it in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0101] The thermal power generation system 1C of this modified example also includes a hydrogen supply device 107, a pipe 108, a heating device 109, a pipe 110, and a pump 111 connected to another pipe 102b branching from pipe 102a. The heating device 109 is arranged on the exhaust path of the combustion gas 57. The heating device 109 has the same structure as the heating device 11 described in the first embodiment, and has the structure shown in FIG2A. By supplying combustion gas 57 from the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 109, the heating element 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature from the outside of the heating device 109. When a small amount of hydrogen gas is introduced into the heating device 109 to reduce the pressure or evacuate the interior of the heating device 109, excess heat is generated during the diffusion of hydrogen inside the heating element 14 through the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The excess heat generated by the heating element 14 can be used to heat the combustion gas 57 discharged from the outlet 55 by heat exchange. By supplying the heated combustion gas 57 to the heat recovery boiler 36, the excess heat generated in the heating element 14 can be recovered.

[0102] The combustion gas 57 experiences a temperature drop in the heat exchanger 103 due to heat exchange with hydrogen-based gases, but there is a temperature rise due to excess heat generated by the heating device 109. Therefore, the decrease in power generation efficiency in the steam turbine using the combustion gas 57 can be suppressed. When the gas turbine output of the thermal power generation system 1C of this modified example is calculated by simulation at the same temperature as the simulation of the third embodiment described above, the overall thermal efficiency of the combined cycle consisting of the gas turbine and the steam turbine also increases by 15.9% compared to the case where the hydrogen-based gases are supplied without heating the heating device 105a. For example, the gas turbine efficiency increases from 60% to 69.5%.

[0103] [Second Modification] FIG10 is a schematic diagram of the thermal power generation system 1D of the second modification example.The illustrated thermal power generation system 1D includes, similarly to the third embodiment, a thermal power generation unit 7D with a hydrogen combustion gas turbine and a heating device 105a. The structure of the thermal power generation unit 7D is the same as that of the third embodiment. In addition, similar to the third embodiment, a supply section including the heating device 105a is provided for supplying hydrogen gas to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The thermal power generation unit 7D has a heating device 109, which heats the hydrogen gas used to heat the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a.

[0104] FIG11 is an explanatory diagram for explaining the heating device 109 constituting the thermal power generation system 1D. As shown in FIG11, the heating device 109 and the receiving container 109x that houses the heating device 109 are configured to be arranged on the exhaust path 121 of the combustion gas 122 from the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The heating device 109 has the same structure as the heating device 11 described in the first embodiment, and has the structure shown in FIG2A. The pipe 102d leading out of the hydrogen tank 101 branches into pipe 102e and pipe 102f. One of the pipes 102f branching out of the hydrogen tank 101 is connected to the heating device 109 via the hydrogen supply device 107. The heating device 109 is connected to the pump 111 via pipe 110. Another pipe 102e branching out of the pipe 102d leading out of the hydrogen tank 101 is connected to the container 109x, and is connected to the burner 52 of the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 via pipe 104a, heating device 105a and pipe 106.

[0105] The heating device 109 is housed inside the container 109x and is configured to allow the introduction of hydrogen gas into the space inside the heating device 109 and the space outside the heating device 109 and inside the container 109x, respectively. Combustion gas 122, which heats the heating element 14 of the heating device 109, is introduced from the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50, and the heating element 14 is heated to a predetermined temperature from the outside of the heating device 109. When a small amount of hydrogen gas is introduced into the heating device 109 to reduce pressure or evacuate the heating device 109, excess heat is generated during the diffusion of hydrogen inside the heating element 14 through the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The excess heat generated in the heating element 14 of the heating device 109 can be used to heat the hydrogen gas flowing in the space outside the heating device 109 and inside the container 109x using heat exchange. For example, hydrogen gas at 20°C is introduced from the hydrogen tank 101, and the hydrogen gas heated to 650°C is discharged from the pipeline 104a.

[0106] Hydrogen gas heated to, for example, 650°C inside the container 109x by heat exchange is introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a via pipe 104a.The heating device 105a has the same structure as the heating device 105a described in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, and has the structure shown in FIG. 2A. When heated hydrogen gas is introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a, the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a is heated to a predetermined temperature, and excess heat is generated by the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The heating element 14 of the heating device 105a uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the container 105b and the exterior of the heating device 105a to, for example, 900°C. The heated hydrogen gas obtained as described above can be used in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device 105a.

[0107] Alternatively, a heating device having the structure shown in FIG. 2B that is not contained in the container can be provided instead of the heating device 105a contained in the container 105b shown in FIG. 10. The heating element 14 of the heating device uses the excess heat generated to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the heating device to, for example, 900°C, and then burns it in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0108] The excess heat generated in the heating element 14 of the heating device 109 can heat the hydrogen gas flowing in the space inside the container 109x and outside the heating device 109 through heat exchange. When the hydrogen gas introduced into the heating device 105a is heated by a heat exchanger as in the third embodiment, the temperature of the combustion gas 122 decreases, but since the hydrogen gas introduced into the heating device 105a is heated by the excess heat generated in the heating device 109, the temperature of the combustion gas 122 does not decrease. For example, the combustion gas 122 supplied at a temperature of 650°C is maintained at 650°C without decreasing in temperature and is discharged as exhaust gas 123, which can suppress the decrease in power generation efficiency in the steam turbine. When the gas turbine output of the thermal power generation system 1D of this modified example is calculated by simulation at the same temperature as the simulation of the third embodiment described above, the overall thermal efficiency of the combined cycle consisting of the gas turbine and steam turbine also increases by 15.9% compared to the case where hydrogen gas is supplied without heating without the heating device 105a. For example, the gas turbine efficiency increases from 60% to 69.5%.

[0109] In the thermal power generation system 1D of this modified example, the driving method of the heating device 109 can be changed at the beginning of the drive as follows.At the initial stage of driving the thermal power generation system, the temperature of the heating device 109 does not rise, so hydrogen gas is not supplied to the heating device 109 and the container 109x. Instead, hydrogen gas is supplied to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 using a separately provided hydrogen gas bypass line, resulting in combustion gas 122. After obtaining combustion gas 122, the temperature of the heating element 14 of the heating device 109 can be sufficiently increased. Then, hydrogen gas is allowed to flow to the heating device 109 and the container 109x, allowing the heated hydrogen gas described above to be discharged from the pipeline 104a.

[0110] [Third Modification] FIG12 is a schematic diagram of the thermal power generation system 1E of the third modification. The thermal power generation system 1E shown in the figure includes, in the same manner as the third embodiment, a thermal power generation device 7E with a hydrogen combustion gas turbine and a heating device 105a. The structure of the thermal power generation device 7E is the same as that of the third embodiment. Furthermore, similar to the third embodiment, a structure including a heating device 105a is provided as a supply unit for supplying hydrogen-based gas to the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen-based gas heated by the heating device 105a is used for combustion. The heating device 105a has the same structure as the heating device 105a described in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, and has the structure shown in FIG. 2A. When hydrogen-based gas heated to, for example, 650°C is introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a, the heating element 14 of the heating device 105a is heated to a predetermined temperature. During the diffusion of hydrogen inside the heating element 14, excess heat is generated through the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The heating element 14 of the heating device 105a uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen-based gas passing through the interior of the container 105b and the exterior of the heating device 105a to, for example, 900°C. The heated hydrogen-based gas obtained as described above can be used in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device 105a.

[0111] Alternatively, a heating device with the structure shown in FIG. 2B that is not housed in the housing container can be provided instead of the heating device 105a housed in the housing container 105b shown in FIG. 12. The heating element 14 of the heating device uses the excess heat generated to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the heating device to, for example, 900°C and burn it in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0112] In this modified example, there is a pipeline 102g leading out of the hydrogen tank 101, a pipeline 102h branching from the pipeline 102g, and a hydrogen boiler 112 that heats the hydrogen gas flowing in the pipeline 102g by burning the hydrogen gas supplied from the pipeline 102h.The hydrogen-based gas introduced into the container 105b containing the heating device 105a is heated to, for example, 650°C by the heating of the hydrogen boiler 112. The hydrogen-based gas is then heated to, for example, 900°C using the heating device 105a. The heated hydrogen-based gas obtained as described above can be used in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50. The hydrogen combustion gas turbine 50 can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen-based gas heated by the heating device 105a.

[0113] When the gas turbine output of the thermal power generation system 1E of this modified example is calculated by simulation at the same temperature as the simulation of the third embodiment described above, in the thermal power generation system 1E of this modified example, compared with the case where the hydrogen-based gas is supplied without heating the heating device 105a, the fuel quantity is reduced by 3.1%, thereby increasing the gas turbine efficiency by 3.2%. Due to the reduction in fuel quantity, the working fluid of the gas turbine is reduced, and the gas turbine output is reduced by 2.3%. When the increase in gas turbine efficiency and the decrease in gas turbine output are offset, the gas turbine efficiency and the overall thermal efficiency of the combined cycle consisting of the gas turbine and steam turbine both increase by about 1%. For example, the overall thermal efficiency of the combined cycle consisting of the gas turbine and steam turbine increases from 50% to 50.5%.

[0114] [Fourth Embodiment] FIG13A is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system 1F according to the fourth embodiment. The illustrated thermal power generation system 1F includes a thermal power generation device 7F having a hydrogen combustion boiler and a heating device 138a. The thermal power generation device 7F has a hydrogen combustion section 130, a condenser 131, a steam turbine 132 and a generator 133, and is also provided with a flow path circulating in the hydrogen combustion section 130, the steam turbine 132 and the condenser 131.

[0115] When hydrogen is burned in the hydrogen combustion section 130, the heat medium, i.e., water, flowing in the circulation path of the hydrogen combustion section 130, steam turbine 132, and condenser 131 is heated to become steam. The resulting steam is supplied to the steam turbine 132. The steam turbine 132 rotates due to the pressure of the steam. The steam turbine 132 is connected to the generator 133, and the generator 133 generates electricity by the rotation of the steam turbine 132. The steam turbine 132 is connected to the condenser 131 via a pipeline, and the steam supplied to the steam turbine 132 becomes water in the condenser 131. The hydrogen combustion section 130 is provided with an outlet 134, from which the combustion gases from the hydrogen combustion section 130 are discharged.

[0116] In this embodiment, there is a pipeline 136a leading out from the hydrogen tank 135, a pipeline 136b branching from the pipeline 136a, and a hydrogen boiler 137 that heats the hydrogen gas flowing in the pipeline 136a by burning the hydrogen gas introduced from the pipeline 136b.The hydrogen gas introduced into the container 138b housing the heating device 138a is heated to, for example, 650°C by the hydrogen boiler 137. The heating device 138a has the same structure as the heating device 105a described in the third embodiment shown in FIG. 8A, and has the structure shown in FIG. 2A. When the heated hydrogen gas is introduced into the container 138b housing the heating device 138a, the heating element 14 of the heating device 138a is heated to a predetermined temperature. During the diffusion of hydrogen inside the heating element 14, excess heat is generated by the absorption of hydrogen into the multilayer film 62 and the release of hydrogen from the multilayer film 62. The heating element 14 of the heating device 138a uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the container 138b and the exterior of the heating device 138a to, for example, 900°C. The heated hydrogen gas obtained as described above is supplied as fuel to the hydrogen combustion unit 130 and used in the hydrogen combustion boiler. The hydrogen combustion boiler can improve power generation efficiency by burning the hydrogen-based gas heated in the heating device 138a.

[0117] When the turbine output of the thermal power generation system 1F of this embodiment is calculated by simulation at the same temperature as the simulation of the third embodiment described above, the fuel quantity is reduced by 3.1% in the thermal power generation system 1F of this embodiment compared with the case where the hydrogen-based gas is supplied without heating the heating device 138a, thereby increasing the overall efficiency of the boiler and turbine combination by 3.2%, for example, the overall efficiency of the boiler and turbine combination increases from 43% to 47.5%.

[0118] According to the thermal power generation system 1F of this embodiment, when heating is performed using the heating element 14 which employs hydrogen storage alloy or the like, heating can be performed with a simplified structure without using a heater, thereby improving power generation efficiency.

[0119] FIG13B is a schematic diagram of a thermal power generation system 1Fa with another structure of the fourth embodiment. In the structure of FIG13B, instead of the heating device 138a housed in the housing container 138b shown in FIG13A, a heating device 138c not housed in the housing container is provided. The heating device 138c has the structure shown in FIG2B. The heating element 14 of the heating device 138c uses the generated excess heat to heat the hydrogen gas passing through the interior of the heating device 138c to, for example, 900°C, and then burns it in the hydrogen combustion boiler, thereby improving the power generation efficiency.

[0120] FIG14 is an explanatory diagram illustrating the improvement of the thermal efficiency (C / C thermal efficiency) of the combined cycle system consisting of a gas turbine and a steam turbine of a thermal power generation system having the hydrogen combustion gas turbine of the present embodiment and its variations described above. As shown in FIG14, with the generational replacement of the turbine, the turbine inlet temperature increases in the order of points D, F, G, and J shown in FIG14, and the C / C thermal efficiency also increases accordingly.

[0121] Here, as shown in the embodiments and modifications described above, when heating is performed using a heating element employing a hydrogen storage alloy or the like, a simplified structure is used instead of a heater, causing the hydrogen gas heated by the heating device to burn, thereby improving power generation efficiency. As shown in FIG14, the C / C thermal efficiency can be increased by the amount of arrows extending from the points indicated by D, F, G, and J.

[0122] [Fourth Modification] FIG15 is an explanatory diagram for illustrating a heating element having a first layer, a second layer, and a third layer. The heating element 75 shown in FIG15 can be provided instead of the heating element 14 in the embodiments and modifications described above. As for the heating element 75 shown in FIG15, the multilayer film 62 of the laminate has a third layer 77 in addition to the first layer 71 and the second layer 72. The third layer 77 is formed of a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramic that is different from the first layer 71 and the second layer 72. The thickness of the third layer 77 is preferably less than 1000 nm. In Figure 15, the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 77 are stacked on the surface of the support 61 in the order of first layer 71, second layer 72, first layer 71, and third layer 77. Alternatively, the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 77 can also be stacked on the surface of the support 61 in the order of first layer 71, third layer 77, first layer 71, and second layer 72. That is, the multilayer film 62 is configured with a stacked structure in which the first layer 71 is disposed between the second layer 72 and the third layer 77. The multilayer film 62 only needs to have one or more third layers 77. The heterogeneous material interface 78 formed between the first layer 71 and the third layer 77 allows hydrogen atoms to pass through in the same way as the heterogeneous material interface 73.

[0123] The third layer 77 is formed, for example, from any one of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, their alloys, SiC, CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO. The alloy forming the third layer 77 is preferably an alloy composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the third layer 77, alloys formed by adding additive elements to Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co can also be used.

[0124] In particular, the third layer 77 is preferably formed of any one of CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO. The heating element 75 having a third layer 77 formed of any one of CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO increases the amount of hydrogen absorbed and the amount of hydrogen passing through the heterogeneous material interface 73 and heterogeneous material interface 78, achieving high output of excess heat. The thickness of the third layer 77 formed of any one of CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO is preferably 10 nm or less. Therefore, hydrogen atoms can easily pass through the multilayer film 62.The third layer 77, formed from any one of CaO, Y₂O₃, TiC, LaB₆, SrO, and BaO, may not be formed as a complete film, but rather as an island. Furthermore, the first layer 71 and the third layer 77 are preferably formed continuously under vacuum. Thus, no natural oxide film forms between the first layer 71 and the third layer 77; only a heterogeneous material interface 78 is formed.

[0125] When the element types are represented as "first layer 71-third layer 77-second layer 72" as a combination of the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 77, the preferred elements are Pd-CaO-Ni, Pd-Y2O3-Ni, Pd-TiC-Ni, Pd-LaB6-Ni, Ni-CaO-Cu, Ni-Y2O3-Cu, Ni-TiC-Cu, Ni-LaB6-Cu, Ni-Co-Cu, Ni-CaO-Cr, Ni-Y2O3-Cr, Ni-TiC-Cr, Ni-LaB6-Cr, Ni-CaO-Fe, Ni-Y2O3-Fe, Ni-TiC-Fe, Ni-LaB6-Fe, Ni-Cr-Fe, Ni-CaO-Mg, Ni-Y2O3-Mg, Ni- TiC-Mg, Ni-LaB6-Mg, Ni-CaO-Co, Ni-Y2O3-Co, Ni-TiC-Co, Ni-LaB6-Co, Ni-CaO-SiC, Ni-Y2O3-SiC, Ni-TiC-SiC, Ni-LaB6-SiC.

[0126] [Fifth Modification] FIG16 is an explanatory diagram illustrating a heating element having a first layer, a second layer, a third layer, and a fourth layer. The heating element 80 shown in FIG16 can be provided instead of the heating element 14 in the above-described embodiments and modifications. As for the heating element 80 shown in FIG16, the multilayer film 62 of the laminate has a fourth layer 82 in addition to the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 77. The fourth layer 82 is formed of a hydrogen storage metal, hydrogen storage alloy, or ceramic that is different from the first layer 71, the second layer 72, and the third layer 77. The thickness of the fourth layer 82 is preferably less than 1000 nm. In Figure 16, the first layer 71, the second layer 72, the third layer 77, and the fourth layer 82 are stacked on the surface of the support 61 in the order of first layer 71, second layer 72, first layer 71, third layer 77, first layer 71, and fourth layer 82. It should be noted that the first layer 71, second layer 72, third layer 77, and fourth layer 82 can also be stacked on the surface of the support 61 in the order of first layer 71, fourth layer 82, first layer 71, third layer 77, first layer 71, and second layer 72. That is, the multilayer film 62 is configured such that the second layer 72, third layer 77, and fourth layer 82 are stacked in any order, and a first layer 71 is provided between each of the second layer 72, third layer 77, and fourth layer 82. The multilayer film 62 only needs to have one or more fourth layers 82.The dissimilar material interface 83 formed between the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 82 allows hydrogen atoms to pass through in the same way as dissimilar material interfaces 73 and 78.

[0127] The fourth layer 82 is formed, for example, from any one of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, Co, their alloys, SiC, CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO. The alloy forming the fourth layer 82 is preferably an alloy composed of two or more of Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co. As the alloy forming the fourth layer 82, an alloy formed by adding additive elements to Ni, Pd, Cu, Cr, Fe, Mg, and Co can be used.

[0128] In particular, the fourth layer 82 is preferably formed from any one of CaO, Y2O3, TiC, LaB6, SrO, and BaO. The heating element 80, having a fourth layer 82 formed from any one of CaO, Y₂O₃, TiC, LaB₆, SrO, and BaO, increases the amount of hydrogen absorbed and the amount of hydrogen passing through the heterogeneous material interfaces 73, 78, and 83, thereby achieving high output of excess heat. The fourth layer 82, formed from any one of CaO, Y₂O₃, TiC, LaB₆, SrO, and BaO, preferably has a thickness of 10 nm or less. This allows hydrogen atoms to easily pass through the multilayer film 62. The fourth layer 82, formed from any one of CaO, Y₂O₃, TiC, LaB₆, SrO, and BaO, may also not be formed as a complete film, but rather as an island. Furthermore, the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 82 are preferably formed continuously under vacuum. This prevents the formation of a natural oxide film between the first layer 71 and the fourth layer 82, forming only the heterogeneous material interface 83.

[0129] When the element types are represented as "first layer 71-fourth layer 82-third layer 77-second layer 72" as a combination of the first layer 71, the second layer 72, the third layer 77, and the fourth layer 82, Ni-CaO-Cr-Fe, Ni-Y2O3-Cr-Fe, Ni-TiC-Cr-Fe, and Ni-LaB6-Cr-Fe are preferred.

[0130] In addition, as a heating element composed of multiple layers, two or more of the heating elements 14 shown in FIG. 4, 75 shown in FIG. 15, and 80 shown in FIG. 16 can be used in combination. For example, heating elements with different layer structures can be used for the inner peripheral heating element and the outer peripheral heating element. It can also be configured as a structure in which heating elements with multiple layer structures are arranged in any order. In addition, the structure of the multilayer film 62, such as the ratio of the thickness of each layer, the number of layers, and the material can be appropriately changed according to the temperature used.

[0131] Explanation of reference numerals: 1 Heating system; 2 Container; 3 Hydrogen tank; 4 Inlet line; 5 Outlet line; 6 Pump; 7 Heat source; 8 Pipeline; 9 Pipeline; 10 Control unit; 11 Heating device instruction manual, page 17 / 17, 20 CN 121443896 A, Figure 1; Instruction manual, page 1 / 17, 21 CN 121443896 A, Figure 2A, Figure 2B; Instruction manual, page 2 / 17, 22 CN 121443896 A, Figure 3; Instruction manual, page 3 / 17, 23 CN 121443896 A, Figure 4; Instruction manual, page 4 / 17, 24 CN 121443896 A, Figure 5; Instruction manual, page 5 / 17, 25 CN 121443896 A, Figure 6; Instruction manual, page 6 / 17, 26 CN 121443896 A, Figure 7; Instruction manual, page 7 / 17, 27 CN 121443896 A Figure 8A Instruction Manual Appendix 8 / 17 Page 28 CN 121443896 A Figure 8B Instruction Manual Appendix 9 / 17 Page 29 CN 121443896 A Figure 9 Instruction Manual Appendix 10 / 17 Page 30 CN 121443896 A Figure 10 Instruction Manual Appendix 11 / 17 Page 31 CN 121443896 A Figure 11 Instruction Manual Appendix 12 / 17 Page 32 CN 121443896 A Figure 12 Instruction Manual Appendix 13 / 17 Page 33 CN 121443896 A Figure 13A Instruction Manual Appendix 14 / 17 Page 34 CN 121443896 A Figure 13B Instruction Manual Appendix 15 / 17 Page 35 CN 121443896 A Figure 14 Figure 15 Instruction Manual Appendix 16 / 17 Page 36 CN 121443896 Figure 16, Appendix to the Instruction Manual, Page 17 / 17, CN 121443896 A.

Claims

1. A heat generating system, comprising: a heat generating device having a heat generating body in which a multilayer film that generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen is formed on a surface of a support body formed of at least any one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorbing and releasing film, and a proton conductor; a closed container that accommodates the heat generating body; an introduction line that introduces a hydrogen-containing gas into the closed container; and an exhaust line that exhausts the hydrogen-containing gas that is supplied to the heat generating body and that is heated by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body; and a heat source that supplies a gas that heats the heat generating body from an outside of the closed container or that heats the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heat generating body inside the closed container.

2. The heat generating system according to claim 1, wherein the multilayer film has a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic different from the first layer and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

3. A thermal power generating system, comprising: a heat generating device having a heat generating body in which a multilayer film that generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen is formed on a surface of a support body formed of at least any one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorbing and releasing film, and a proton conductor; a closed container that accommodates the heat generating body; an introduction line that introduces a hydrogen-containing gas into the closed container; and an exhaust line that exhausts the hydrogen-containing gas that is supplied to the heat generating body and that is heated by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body; and a thermal power generating device having a gas turbine, the gas turbine discharges a gas that heats the heat generating body from an outside of the closed container or that heats the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heat generating body inside the closed container, or further has a hydrogen boiler that heats the hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heat generating body from an outside of the closed container or inside the closed container.

4. The thermal power generating system according to claim 3, wherein the multilayer film has a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm, and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic different from the first layer and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

5. The thermal power generating system according to claim 3, wherein the thermal power generating device further has a steam turbine.

6. The thermal power generating system according to claim 3, wherein the thermal power generating device is a power generating device having a hydrogen combustion gas turbine.

7. The thermal power generating system according to claim 6, wherein the hydrogen-containing gas that is heated by heating of the heat generating body caused by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body is combusted in the hydrogen combustion gas turbine to generate power.

8. A thermal power generating system, comprising: ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ ​ A heat generating device has: a heat generating body in which a multilayer film that generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen is formed on a surface of a support body formed of at least any one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release film, and a proton conductor; a closed container that accommodates the heat generating body; an introduction line that introduces hydrogen-containing gas into the closed container; and a discharge line that discharges the hydrogen-containing gas that is heated by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body and that is supplied to the heat generating body; A hydrogen gas boiler heats the hydrogen-containing gas that is used to heat the heat generating body from an outside of the closed container or inside the closed container; A hydrogen combustion boiler combusts the hydrogen-containing gas that is heated by heat generation of the heat generating body caused by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body.

9. The thermal power generation system according to claim 8, wherein The multilayer film has: a first layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal or a hydrogen storage alloy, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm; and a second layer formed of a hydrogen storage metal, a hydrogen storage alloy, or a ceramic that is different from the first layer, and having a thickness of less than 1000 nm.

10. A heat generating method, A heat generating body in which a multilayer film that generates heat by absorption and release of hydrogen is formed on a surface of a support body formed of at least any one of a porous body, a hydrogen absorption and release film, and a proton conductor is accommodated in a closed container, A gas that heats the heat generating body from an outside of the closed container is supplied from a heat source, or a hydrogen-containing gas that heats the heat generating body inside the closed container is heated by a heat source, The hydrogen-containing gas is introduced into the closed container, and the heat generating body is heated by absorption and release of the hydrogen in the heat generating body.

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