Multiple collision pulse jet flow compression type engine

Abstract

To further improve an opening / closing speed of a rotary valve during intake, and reduce leakage of gas in a combustion chamber from a gap between the rotary valve and the combustion chamber.SOLUTION: An engine 10 of the present invention includes a cylinder unit 12 that causes gas jets from a plurality of axially symmetrical circumferential positions to collide in a pulsed manner at a center of a combustion chamber 19 and compress, thereby combusting and exploding fuel in the combustion chamber 19. The cylinder unit 12 comprises: a cylinder body 15 in which the combustion chamber 19 is formed; and intake rotary valves 16 that are rotatably attached to the cylinder body 15 and are arranged at multiple locations along an outer periphery of the combustion chamber 19. The intake rotary valves 16 forms a cylindrical outer shape independently rotatably arranged outside each circumferential position, and performs opening / closing movement between an intake open state and an intake closed state by the rotation.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to an engine using a multi-collision pulse jet compression method in which gas jets from a plurality of circumferential positions that are axisymmetric collide with the central part of a combustion chamber in a pulsed manner and are compressed.

Background Art

[0002] The inventor of the present invention has found a principle of highly compressing gas jets that are intensively ejected from a large number of circumferential positions that are axisymmetric toward the central part of a combustion chamber by causing them to collide with a single point in a pulsed manner, and has already proposed an engine using a multi-collision pulse jet compression method based on this principle (see Patent Document 1). In this method, jets from a large number of circumferential positions collide at a single point, and the gas is self-compressed while being sealed in a minute region near the collision point, enabling high compression. At the same time, the heat efficiency is improved by reducing the heat released. In addition, combustion noise that tends to diffuse radially is blocked by the jet group at the central part of the combustion chamber, making it possible to reduce noise despite high compression. Furthermore, the jet group also encloses the high-temperature gas after combustion, making it difficult for the high-temperature gas to approach the wall surface of the combustion chamber, and significantly reducing the cooling loss at the wall surface compared to other structures, which also contributes to improving the heat efficiency.

[0003] The engine is provided with a plurality of intake ports that generate gas jets from a plurality of locations along the circumferential surface of the combustion chamber toward the central part. As the inventor has already proposed in Patent Document 2, each of these intake ports is provided with a rotary valve for making the gas jet into the combustion chamber pulsed (intermittent). This rotary valve consists of a single cylindrical body that surrounds the entire circumference from the outside of the cylindrical combustion chamber. Intake holes are formed at predetermined intervals in the circumferential direction on its circumferential surface, and it is rotatable around the central axis of the combustion chamber. By rotating this cylindrical body, an intake open state in which the intake ports communicate with the combustion chamber through the intake holes and an intake closed state in which the communication between the intake ports and the combustion chamber is blocked repeatedly change, so that each intake port opens and closes intermittently.

Prior Art Documents

Patent Documents

[0004]

Patent Document 1

Patent Document 2

Summary of the Invention

Problems to be Solved by the Invention

[0005] In order to further enhance the gas collision compression effect in the multi - collision pulse jet compression method, it is necessary to further improve the opening and closing speed of the intake port by the rotary valve during intake, and to minimize the leakage of the gas in the combustion chamber from the gap of the rotary valve interposed between each intake port and the combustion chamber.

[0006] The present invention has been devised by paying attention to such problems, and its object is to provide an engine that can further improve the opening and closing speed of the rotary valve during intake and reduce the leakage of the gas in the combustion chamber from the gap between the rotary valve and the combustion chamber compared with the conventional structure.

Means for Solving the Problems

[0007] To achieve the above object, the present invention mainly comprises an engine of a multi - collision pulse jet compression method in which gas jets from a plurality of intake ports arranged axially symmetrically are made to collide and compressed in a pulsed manner at the central part of the combustion chamber to cause combustion explosion of the fuel in the combustion chamber. The engine is provided with an intake rotary valve capable of performing an opening and closing operation to make the gas jets from each intake port into a pulsed state. The intake rotary valve has a cylindrical outer shape that is arranged so as to be individually rotatable at a plurality of circumferential positions corresponding to the circumferential positions of each intake port, and the rotation enables each intake port to be opened and closed.

Effects of the Invention

[0008] According to the present invention, since the intake rotary valve rotates independently at a plurality of circumferential positions and opens and closes each intake port while being divided, the amount of rotation of each intake rotary valve during the opening and closing operation can be made smaller than before, and the opening and closing operation of the intake port can be made faster with less power. Further, since the intake rotary valve is provided independently for each intake port in the circumferential position, the part of the cylinder between the intake rotary valves can be blocked, and the airtightness of the combustion chamber can be improved compared to the conventional structure.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0009]

Figure 1

Figure 2

Figure 3

Figure 4

Figure 5

Embodiments for Carrying Out the Invention

[0010] Hereinafter, embodiments of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings.

[0011] FIG. 1 shows a schematic cross-sectional perspective view of a main part of the engine according to the present embodiment. In this figure, the engine 10 is an engine that uses a multi-collision pulse jet compression method in which gas jets from a plurality of circumferential positions that are axisymmetric are made to collide at a single point in a pulsed manner and highly compressed. That is, this engine 10 has a cylinder unit 12 having a structure in which an external gas jet is made to collide at high speed in a pulsed manner from a plurality of locations in the circumferential direction near the center and compressed, and a piston unit 13 that can be operated by the combustion explosion of the cylinder unit 12.

[0012] As shown in FIGS. 1 and 2, the cylinder unit 12 includes a cylinder body 15 having an octagonal prism-shaped outer shape, eight intake rotary valves 16 rotatably attached inside the cylinder body 15, and a drive mechanism 17 for rotationally driving the intake rotary valves 16.

[0013] As shown in FIGS. 3 and 4, the cylinder body 15 is provided with a cylindrical combustion chamber 19 serving as a combustion space for generating the combustion explosion, a number of jet outlets 21 that open into the combustion chamber 19 to jet a gas jet into the combustion chamber 19, a valve housing portion 22 provided outside these jet outlets 21 for housing the intake rotary valves 16, and an intake port 23 provided outside the valve housing portion 22 for taking in the gas jet from the outside of the cylinder body 15.

[0014] The jet outlets 21 are open to the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 19 and are provided in a number such that they are axially symmetric around the central axis C of the combustion chamber 19. Further, each jet outlet 21 is formed in a direction and position such that the gas jets ejected from each of them can collide in the central region inside the combustion chamber 19. Although not particularly limited, the jet outlets 21 of the present embodiment are formed at eight circumferential positions that are equally spaced along the circumferential direction of the combustion chamber 19, and at each circumferential position, they are formed at three positions in the vertical direction in each figure. Therefore, the jet outlets 21 in the present embodiment are open at a total of 24 locations that are axially symmetric on the peripheral wall of the combustion chamber 19, and the gas jets from these 24 locations collide in the central portion of the combustion chamber 19.

[0015] The valve housing portion 22 is formed by a round hole extending between the upper and lower ends of the cylinder body 15 and is formed at eight circumferential positions that are equally spaced along the outer circumference of the combustion chamber 19. Further, the internal space of the valve housing portion 22 at each circumferential position is connected to each of the three jet outlets 21 in the vertical direction at the corresponding circumferential position. These valve housing portions 22 are not connected to each other, and each valve housing portion 22 is formed inside the cylinder body 15 in a mutually independent state.

[0016] The intake port 23 is formed so as to open to the outside from the outer surface of the cylinder body 15. The intake port 23 is formed at three positions in the vertical direction at eight circumferential positions at equal intervals along the outside of each valve housing portion 22, and penetrates into the internal space of the valve housing portion 22 at the corresponding circumferential position.

[0017] Each jet outlet 21 and each intake port 23 are connected through the internal space of each valve housing portion 22. As will be described later, when the intake rotary valve 16 housed in each valve housing portion 22 is at a predetermined rotational position, it functions as an axially symmetric intake port arranged so as to be able to supply a gas jet from the outside into the combustion chamber 19.

[0018] The intake rotary valve 16 has a columnar outer shape with an outer diameter substantially the same as the inner diameter of each valve housing portion 22, and is individually rotatably housed in the internal space of each valve housing portion 22. By this rotational operation, each of the intake ports can be opened and closed.

[0019] That is, each intake rotary valve 16 is supported on both the upper and lower sides so as to be rotatable (rotate) about the axis within each valve housing portion 22 by a bearing 25 fixed to the cylinder body 15. Further, inside each intake rotary valve 16, three connection flow paths 26 are formed so as to penetrate through to communicate the jet outlets 21 and the intake ports 23 provided at three positions each at the respective circumferential positions. Each connection flow path 26 is configured such that at a predetermined rotation angle (rotation position) of the intake rotary valve 16, all of the jet outlets 21 and the intake ports 23 are connected, and at positions other than this rotation position, the communication between the jet outlets 21 and the intake ports 23 is blocked. Therefore, by the rotation of each intake rotary valve 16, the intake open state in which the gas jet introduced from the outside of the cylinder body 15 into the intake port 23 is ejected from the jet outlet 21 into the combustion chamber 19 through the connection flow path 26, and the intake closed state in which the gas jet from the outside is not ejected into the combustion chamber 19 intermittently change, so that the gas jet is ejected into the combustion chamber 19 in a pulsed manner.

[0020] Regarding the intake port composed of the air outlet 21 and the intake port 23, and the connection channel 26 that can be displaced to a position where the intake port can be opened and closed, as long as the combustion explosion in the multiple collision pulse jet compression method already proposed by the inventor is possible, the form of the present embodiment can be changed in terms of increasing or decreasing the number of components.

[0021] As shown in FIG. 2, the drive mechanism 17 includes small gears 28 respectively fixed to the upper end sides of the intake rotary valves 16, one large gear 29 meshing with each small gear 28, and an actuator 30 for rotating the large gear 29.

[0022] The large gear 29 is attached to the cylinder body 15 so as to be rotatable around the axis of the central axis C. As the large gear 29 rotates, the small gears 28 meshing with the large gear 19 at eight locations in the circumferential direction are rotated respectively, and the intake rotary valves 16 are rotated in conjunction with this rotation. Here, all the intake rotary valves 16 are arranged so that the intake open state and the intake closed state occur at the same timing. Thereby, by repeating the forward and reverse rotations of the large gear 19, the opening and closing of each intake port by each intake rotary valve 16 are simultaneously repeated, and the generation of a pulse jet from the intake port becomes possible.

[0023] The actuator 30 is a linear actuator composed of an air cylinder that reciprocates a rod 32 fixed to one location on the outer peripheral edge side of the large gear 19 in the axial direction. By the reciprocating motion of the rod 32, the forward and reverse rotations of the large gear 29 can be repeated.

[0024] Note that as the drive mechanism 17, in addition to other actuators including a motor or the like that can apply power to rotate the large gear 29, any mechanism that can rotate the intake rotary valves 16 so that the opening and closing operations of each intake port can be performed simultaneously may be used.

[0025] The piston unit 13 is configured to be able to translate so as to increase or decrease the volume in the combustion chamber 19 in accordance with the combustion explosion in the combustion chamber 19. As shown in FIG. 1, this piston unit 13 includes a piston body 34 disposed so as to close the inside of the combustion chamber 19 from below, a piston rod 35 connected to the piston body 34, an exhaust rotary valve 36 provided on the piston body 34, an exhaust pipe 37 connected to the exhaust rotary valve 36, and an operating mechanism 38 for operating the exhaust rotary valve 36.

[0026] The piston body 34 has an internal space S surrounded by an upper surface 34A and a peripheral surface 34B, and has a cylindrical shape with an open bottom. As also shown in FIG. 5, first exhaust holes 41 penetrating the internal space S are formed at two locations on the upper surface 34A at approximately 180-degree intervals in order to discharge the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber 19 to the outside.

[0027] The piston rod 35 has a shaft shape with its upper end fixed near the center of the piston body 34 and its lower side connected to the crankshaft 43 side. Due to the vertical reciprocating motion of the piston body 34 accompanying the combustion explosion in the combustion chamber 19, power can be extracted through the rotation of the crankshaft 43.

[0028] The exhaust rotary valve 36 has a disk shape housed in the internal space S of the piston body 34, and its central portion is supported in a state of penetrating the piston rod 35. Here, the exhaust rotary valve 36 is attached to the piston rod 35 so as to be unable to move up and down with respect to the piston body 34 while being rotatable. Further, a second exhaust hole 45 penetrating the exhaust rotary valve 36 is formed to discharge the exhaust gas that has passed through the first exhaust hole 41 to the outside.

[0029] The exhaust pipe 37 is fixed to the lower surface side of the exhaust rotary valve 36 so as to be connected to the second exhaust hole 45, and is configured to be able to exhaust the exhaust gas from the second exhaust hole 45 to the outside.

[0030] As shown in FIG. 1, the operation mechanism 38 includes a rotating disk 47 fixedly supported on the piston rod 35 and a rotation drive unit (not shown) that rotates the rotating disk 47. When the rotating disk 47 rotates due to the drive of the rotation drive unit, the exhaust rotary valve 36 housed in the internal space S of the piston body 34 rotates with respect to the piston body 34, and at the rotational position where the first and second exhaust holes 41 and 45 face each other, the first and second exhaust holes 41 and 45 communicate with each other, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 19 is discharged to the outside from the exhaust pipe 37, entering an exhaust open state. At other rotational positions of the exhaust rotary valve 36, the first and second exhaust holes 41 and 45 do not communicate with each other, entering an exhaust closed state that prevents the gas in the combustion chamber 19 from flowing out to the exhaust pipe 37. Therefore, the exhaust rotary valve 36 can intermittently repeat the change between the exhaust open state and the exhaust closed state by its rotation. Note that the rotation drive unit can be configured by various devices and mechanisms as long as it can repeat the exhaust open state and the exhaust closed state at a predetermined timing, which will be described later, by the power taken out from the crankshaft 43 or the like, or by electric drive such as a motor.

[0031] In the engine 10 configured as described above, combustion explosion by the multiple collision pulse jet compression method, which the present inventor has already proposed, is performed as follows.

[0032] That is, the outside air introduced from the outside of the cylinder unit 12 into each intake port 23 is jetted from each jet port 21 through the connection flow path 26 toward the collision point at the center in the combustion chamber 19 when each intake rotary valve 16 is in the intake open state. All the intake rotary valves 16 are arranged such that the intake open state and the intake closed state occur at the same timing. For this reason, due to the forward and reverse rotation of each intake rotary valve 16 accompanying the reciprocating motion of the rod 32 of the actuator 30, the intake open state and the intake closed state are intermittently repeated, and the outside air from each jet port 21 collides in a pulsed manner toward the collision point. At this time, the exhaust rotary valve 36 is set to a rotational position where it is in the exhaust closed state, and the outflow of the gas from the combustion chamber 19 is not allowed. As a result, including the fuel appropriately supplied into the combustion chamber 19, at the collision point, a collision jet flow is formed and self-compressed to be highly compressed, and then self-ignition or ignition by a plug or the like causes the combustion explosion of the fuel.

[0033] Then, due to the combustion explosion in the combustion chamber 19, the piston body 34 operates to extract power to the outside. The rotation of the rotary disk 47 causes the exhaust rotary valve 16 to rotate relative to the piston body 34 to the exhaust open state, and the exhaust gas in the combustion chamber 19 is discharged to the outside through the exhaust pipe 37. At this time, instead of the crankshaft 43, or in addition to the crankshaft 43, a turbine can be further installed, and the turbine can be structured to be rotatable by the exhaust gas. The rotation of the turbine can be used to compress the outside air introduced into the combustion chamber 19 or as a power source for the rotary disk 47 or the like.

[0034] When applying the engine 10 of the present invention as a power source for a moving body, a configuration that enables power extraction in different modes can be adopted according to the moving speed of the moving body. That is, for example, when the moving speed is low-speed movement of Mach 0.5 or less, power extraction by the piston body 34 described above is performed. On the other hand, in the case of high-speed movement at a moving speed higher than that, the movement of the piston body 34 is mechanically locked or restricted, and the exhaust rotary valve 36 is put in an exhaust open state, and the exhaust gas discharged from the combustion chamber 19 can be used as thrust for movement.

[0035] In addition, the configuration of each part of the device in the present invention is not limited to the illustrated configuration example, and various modifications are possible as long as they exhibit substantially the same action.

Explanation of Reference Numerals

[0036] 10 Engine 12 Cylinder Unit 13 Piston Unit 15 Cylinder Body 16 Intake Rotary Valve 17 Drive Mechanism 19 Combustion Chamber 21 Jet Outlet (Intake Port) 23 Intake Port 26 Connecting Flow Path 28 Small Gear 29 Large Gear 30 Actuator 32 Rod 34 Piston Body 36 Exhaust Rotary Valve 41 First Exhaust Hole 45 Second Exhaust Hole

Claims

1. In an engine of a multi-collision pulse jet compression system that combusts and explodes fuel in the combustion chamber by causing gas jets from a plurality of intake ports arranged axially symmetrically to collide with and compress the fuel in a pulsed manner at the center of the combustion chamber, the engine is provided with an intake rotary valve that enables an opening and closing operation to make the gas jets from the respective intake ports into the combustion chamber pulsed, wherein the intake rotary valve has a cylindrical outer shape arranged to be individually rotatable at a plurality of circumferential positions respectively corresponding to the circumferential positions of the respective intake ports, and is configured to open and close the respective intake ports by the rotation, which is characterized.

2. In an engine of a multi-collision pulse jet compression system that combusts and explodes fuel in the combustion chamber by causing gas jets from a plurality of circumferential positions that are axially symmetric to collide with and compress the fuel in a pulsed manner at the center of the combustion chamber, the cylinder unit includes a cylinder body in which the combustion chamber is formed, and an intake rotary valve that is rotatably attached to the cylinder body and is arranged at a plurality of locations along the outer periphery of the combustion chamber, the cylinder body includes an ejection port formed at each circumferential position for ejecting the gas jet into the combustion chamber, and an intake port for taking in the gas jet from the outside, wherein the intake rotary valve has a cylindrical outer shape arranged to be individually rotatable outside each circumferential position, and by the rotation, it opens and closes between an intake open state in which the ejection port and the intake port communicate and an intake closed state in which the ejection port and the intake port do not communicate, which is characterized.

3. The engine according to claim 2, wherein the intake rotary valve is configured such that a connection flow path penetrating therethrough is formed, and at a predetermined rotational position, the ejection port and the intake port are connected through the connection flow path to achieve the intake open state.

4. The engine further includes a drive mechanism for rotationally driving the intake rotary valve, wherein the drive mechanism includes a small gear fixed to each intake rotary valve, a single large gear meshing with each small gear, and an actuator for rotating the large gear, wherein the actuator rotates the large gear to perform the opening and closing operations of the respective intake rotary valves at the same timing, which is characterized in the engine according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The actuator comprises a linear actuator that reciprocates a rod connected to the outer peripheral side of the large gear in the axial direction, and the reciprocating motion repeatedly performs the opening and closing operations of the respective intake rotary valves. The engine according to claim 4, characterized in that.

6. Further comprising a piston unit capable of translational movement so as to increase or decrease the volume in the combustion chamber with the combustion explosion, The piston unit includes a piston body disposed so as to close the combustion chamber, and an exhaust rotary valve provided on the piston body. A first exhaust hole for discharging the exhaust gas generated in the combustion chamber to the outside is formed in the piston body. The exhaust rotary valve is disposed rotatably relative to the piston body, and a second exhaust hole penetrating therethrough for discharging the exhaust gas to the outside is formed. By the relative rotation, the first and second exhaust holes communicate with each other to discharge the exhaust gas to the outside, and the first and second exhaust holes do not communicate with each other to prevent the outflow of gas from the combustion chamber. The engine according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that it opens and closes variably between an exhaust closed position.

7. The piston body is configured to be switchable between a state allowing the translational movement and a state stopping the translational movement at the time of the exhaust open position, and by the switching, power extraction by the combustion explosion in different modes is possible. The engine according to claim 6, characterized in that.

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