Building

Abstract

To provide a building that can secure a spacious indoor space while dealing with north-side setback restrictions and the like.SOLUTION: A building according to the present invention is a two-story or higher building provided with a sloped roof. The slope of a roof surface of the sloped roof is equal to or greater than 5 sun and equal to or less than 6 sun, or equal to or greater than 11.5 sun and equal to or less than 12.5 sun. When the height from an average ground level or a relaxed ground level to a finished roof top edge on a purlin center on the sloped roof is defined as A [mm], and an adjacent land boundary distance is defined as γ [mm], and when a=0.6 for a slope equal to or greater than 5 sun and equal to or less than 6 sun, and a=1.25 for a slope equal to or greater than 11.5 sun and equal to or less than 12.5 sun, the following is satisfied: A≤5000+aγ. The building further includes a gable beam supporting the sloped roof.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 1

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to buildings. [Background technology]

[0002] In setback-restricted areas, height limits for buildings are stipulated. Patent Document 1 discloses a roof structure for a housing unit that complies with setback restrictions on the north side. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0003] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Patent Application Publication No. 5-156715 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0004] In order to comply with restrictions on north-facing slopes and the like, the indoor space of a building such as that described in Patent Document 1 is sometimes narrowed.

[0005] Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a building that can ensure a large indoor space while complying with north-facing slope restrictions, etc. [Means for solving the problem]

[0006] A building according to a first aspect of the present invention comprises: (1) A building with a sloped roof and two or more stories high, The slope of the roof surface of the sloped roof is 5 to 6 inches, or 11.5 to 12.5 inches, When the height from the average ground level or the gradual ground level to the roof finishing top (top) on the eaves beam center of the sloped roof is A [mm], the distance to the boundary with the neighboring land is γ [mm], and when the slope is 5 to 6 sun, a = 0.6, and when the slope is 11.5 to 12.5 sun, a = 1.25, A≦5000+aγ, A climbing beam is provided to support the sloped roof.

[0007] A building according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: (2) The height from the top of the second floor floor beam to the top of the eaves beam is 1800 mm or more. The building described in (1) above.

[0008] A building according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: (3) The height from the ground level to the bottom of the foundation is 400 mm or more. The building is described in (1) or (2) above.

[0009] A building according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: (4) The average ceiling height of the indoor space on the top floor covered by the sloped roof and the indoor space on the first floor is 2,100 mm or more. A building described in any one of (1) to (3) above.

[0010] A building according to one embodiment of the present invention comprises: (5) The climbing beams are arranged in parallel at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the eaves beam, A first insulating material disposed between the plurality of climbing beams; A foamed plastic second insulating material is provided, which is arranged to cover the outside of the plurality of climbing beams. A building described in any one of (1) to (4) above. [Effects of the Invention]

[0011] According to the present invention, a building can be provided that can secure a large indoor space while complying with the north side slope restriction, etc. It is possible. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0012] [Figure 1]1 is a cross-sectional view showing a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention. [Figure 2] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a first example of the building of FIG. 1. [Figure 3] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a second example of the building of FIG. 1. [Figure 4] FIG. 2 is a plan view showing a third example of the building of FIG. 1. [Figure 5] FIG. 2 is a diagram showing the roof structure of the sloped roof of the building in FIG. 1. [Figure 6] 1 is a partial cross-sectional view showing a part of a building according to a first embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0013] Hereinafter, an embodiment of a building according to the present invention will be described by way of example with reference to the drawings. In each drawing, the same reference numerals are used to designate the same components.

[0014] FIG. 1 is a cross-sectional view showing a building 100 as a first embodiment of the building according to the present invention.

[0015] First, an overview of the building 100 will be described. The building 100 is, for example, a two-story or higher industrialized house with a wooden framework. It is composed of a reinforced concrete foundation 1 and a superstructure 2 having a framework structure composed of framework members such as columns and beams and fixed to the foundation. The framework members constituting the framework may be pre-standardized (standardized) or may be manufactured in advance at a factory and then transported to the construction site and assembled. The building 100 may be constructed with its south side facing the road and its north, west, and east sides adjacent to neighboring houses, as shown in FIG. 2. In another example, the building 100 is constructed with its east side facing the road and its north, west, and south sides adjacent to neighboring houses, as shown in FIG. 3. In yet another example, the building 100 is constructed with its west side facing the road and its north, east, and south sides adjacent to neighboring houses. In yet another example, the building 100 is constructed with its southeast side facing the road and its northwest, northeast, and southwest sides adjacent to neighboring houses, as shown in FIG. 4. The building 100 may also face in other directions.

[0016] The foundation 1 is located below the superstructure 2 and supports the superstructure 2. The foundation is not particularly limited, but may be, for example, a mat foundation. As another example, the foundation may be a continuous footing with a T-shaped cross section that includes a footing portion and a rising portion serving as a foundation beam. The foundation may also be provided with a column base fixing portion for fixing the column base of a column of a framework structure using an exposed fixed column base construction method. Anchor bolts used to fix the column base may protrude vertically upward from the foundation.

[0017] In addition to the function of distributing and transmitting the vertical load from the frame structure of the upper structure 2 to the ground, the foundation 1 also has the function of directly or indirectly supporting the various components that make up the outer wall of the upper structure 2, the various components that make up the floor 4 of the upper structure 2, and the various components that make up the sloped roof 10 of the upper structure 2.

[0018] It is preferable that the height C from the ground surface to the bottom of the foundation be 400 millimeters or more from the viewpoint of making the building 100 conform to the standards for long-term quality housing. In other words, if the ground surface is sloped, it is preferable that the height C from the highest height of the ground surface that the foundation contacts to the bottom of the foundation be 400 millimeters or more.

[0019] It is preferable that the height α1 from the bottom of the base to the finished surface of the first floor be 141 millimeters or more, in order to ensure the required dimensions and thermal insulation performance of the base.

[0020] The framework of the upper structure 2 is composed of multiple columns and multiple beams. Exterior materials that form the outer periphery wall are arranged on the outer periphery of the framework. Furthermore, floor panel members that form the floor section 4 are arranged between the layers of the framework. Furthermore, roof materials 5 that form the sloped roof 10 are arranged on top of the framework.

[0021] The outer wall of the building 100 may include at least an exterior material, a first insulating material, a load-bearing surface material, a second insulating material, an interior base material, and an interior material. Ceramic siding that has at least fire-resistant properties is used as the exterior material, but other exterior materials that can be used include metal siding that has at least fire-resistant properties, lightweight foamed concrete (hereinafter referred to as "ALC." "ALC" is an abbreviation for "autoclaved lightweight concrete") panels, extruded cement boards, and wood panel materials. The outer layer of the outer wall can be formed by connecting multiple exterior materials.

[0022] The first insulating material may be in the form of a plate. The first insulating material may be formed of a foamed resin material such as phenol foam, polystyrene foam, or urethane foam. The first insulating layer of the outer peripheral wall can be formed by connecting the first insulating material along the inner surface of the outer layer formed by the above-mentioned exterior material.

[0023] The load-bearing face material may be disposed on the indoor side of the first insulating material. The load-bearing face material may be, for example, a calcium silicate board or structural plywood. An example of a calcium silicate board that can be used is "MOISS™" manufactured by Sojitz Building Materials Corporation. The load-bearing face material may also be composed of a wood-based board or ALC panel, such as laminated timber in which the grain directions of the boards to be bonded are parallel, or cross-laminated timber (CLT, short for Cross Laminated Timber), in which boards are bonded together alternately so that the grain directions of the boards to be bonded are perpendicular.

[0024] The second insulating material may be disposed on the indoor side of the bearing surface material. In other words, the outer perimeter wall is provided with filled insulation using the second insulating material. The second insulating material may be disposed between structural members such as pillars of the outer perimeter wall. The second insulating material may be a fiber-based insulating material. Examples of fiber-based insulating materials include inorganic fiber-based insulating materials such as glass wool and rock wool, organic fiber-based insulating materials such as polyester wool, and wood fiber-based insulating materials such as cellulose fiber and wood fiber.

[0025] The interior base material may be disposed on the indoor side of the second insulating material. The interior base material may be formed of, for example, gypsum board.

[0026] The interior material may be disposed on the indoor side of the interior base material. The interior material may be formed of, for example, wallpaper, plaster, or the like.

[0027] The floors 4 of the building 100 may include floorboard members. The floors on the first floor are supported by foundations or joists, while the floors on the second floor and above are supported by beams. When the floors 4 include floorboard members, the floorboard members may be made of, for example, wood panels. The floorboard members may also be made of other materials such as folded plates or extruded cement boards. Examples of the wood panel materials mentioned above include structural plywood, laminated timber in which the grain directions of the laminated boards are parallel, and cross-laminated timber (CLT, short for Cross Laminated Timber) in which the grain directions of the laminated boards are perpendicular to each other. Instead of structural plywood, the floorboard members may be made of, for example, ALC panels. In addition to the floorboard members, the floors 4 may also include, for example, ceiling interior materials that form the ceiling surface of the indoor space on the lower floor and are attached directly or indirectly to the floorboard members, or floor interior materials such as flooring that form the floor surface of the indoor space on the upper floor and are laminated on floor support materials.

[0028] The following describes in detail the sloped roof 10 of the building 100. The roof surfaces of multiple sloped roofs 10 may form a ridge 32, 132, 232 (see Figures 2-4) or a corner ridge 231 (see Figure 4) as the top. The following describes an example of a sloped roof 10.

[0029] The sloped roof 10 may comprise a climbing beam 11, a structural surface material attached to the climbing beam 11, rafters installed on the structural surface material, a roof underlayment material attached to the rafters, a waterproofing member laid on the roof underlayment material, and a roofing material 5 installed on the waterproofing member to form a sloped roof surface exposed to the outside space.

[0030] Figure 5 is a diagram showing the structure of a sloped roof 10. A plurality of ascending beams 11 may be arranged in parallel at intervals along the longitudinal direction of the eaves beam 14. It is preferable that the ascending beams 11 are dropped between the eaves beam 14 and the purlin 15. This configuration can reduce the height of the sloped roof 10. On the other hand, the ascending beams may be hung above the eaves beam 14 and the purlin 15.

[0031] Referring to FIG. 1 , the building 100 may include first insulation 71 disposed between the multiple ascending beams 11. In other words, the building 100 may be provided with filling insulation using the first insulation 71. The first insulation 71 may cover a portion of the side surface and the top surface of the eaves beam 14. The first insulation 71 may be a fiber-based insulation material such as glass wool or rock wool. The first insulation 71 may also be a foamed plastic insulation material. Examples of the foamed plastic first insulation material 71 include phenolic foam insulation, beaded polystyrene foam (EPS) insulation, and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) insulation. The building 100 may also include a foamed plastic second insulation material 72 disposed to cover the outside of the multiple ascending beams 11. In other words, the building 100 may be provided with exterior insulation using the second insulation material 72. The second insulation material 72 may be disposed outside the ascending beams 11, spanning the ascending beams 11. The second insulation material 72 may be connected to the insulation material of the perimeter wall of the building 100. The foam plastic-based second insulation material 72 exhibits high thermal insulation performance. Examples of the foam plastic-based second insulation material 72 include phenolic foam insulation, beaded polystyrene foam (EPS) insulation, and extruded polystyrene foam (XPS) insulation. The second insulation material 72 may be composed of a single continuous insulation member. This configuration can eliminate thermal bridges.

[0032] By installing thick insulation on the interior side, it is possible to improve insulation performance while avoiding the problem of north-side slope restrictions that arise when thick insulation is installed on the exterior side. However, in this case, the ceiling height may be insufficient, and the room height may not meet the requirements of Article 21 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act. In contrast, in the present disclosure, by using an insulation material with high insulation performance, especially for the second insulation material 72, it is possible to achieve insulation grade 7 even if the second insulation material 72 is thin. The thickness of the second insulation material 72 may be constant. The thickness of the second insulation material 72 is, for example, 60 millimeters. The thickness of the sloped roof 10 is, for example, approximately 379 millimeters.

[0033] It is preferable that the height β from the top of the eaves beam 14 to the top of the roof finish be 258.3 mm or less, from the perspective of ensuring a spacious interior space within a limited height.

[0034] It is preferable that the ascending beam 11 and the eaves beam 14 or the ridge beam 15 are joined with metal fittings in order to achieve both ease of construction and strength of the building 100.

[0035] The waterproofing material for the sloped roof 10 can be a sheet-like material such as sheet-like asphalt roofing. The waterproofing material can be fastened to the base material with fastening members such as screws. Furthermore, the roofing material 5 for the sloped roof 10 can be cement-based roofing materials such as clay tiles and artificial slate, natural slate, metal roofing materials, etc. Multiple roofing materials 5 can be laid on the waterproofing material. Note that the multiple roofing materials 5 can be configured so that adjacent roofing materials 5 can engage with each other to position them relative to each other, or can be configured so that they can be fastened to the base material or roof truss (see Figure 5) with fastening members such as screws.

[0036] As shown in FIG. 2, two sloped roof surfaces formed by roofing materials 5 may be adjacent to each other via a ridge 32. Specifically, the two sloped roof surfaces are composed of a first sloped roof surface 21 and a second sloped roof surface 22. Here, each "sloped roof surface" means a roof surface that is inclined relative to the horizontal direction. With reference to FIGS. 2 and 3, the first sloped roof surface 21, 121 may face north. The second sloped roof surface 22, 122 may face south.

[0037] As yet another example, as shown in FIG. 4 , three sloped roof surfaces 221, 222, and 223 formed by the roofing material 5 may be adjacent to each other via a ridge 232 or a corner ridge 231. Specifically, the first sloped roof surface 221 may be adjacent to the second sloped roof surface 222 via the ridge 232. The third sloped roof surface 223 may be adjacent to each of the first sloped roof surface 221 and the second sloped roof surface 222 via the corner ridge 231. The first sloped roof surface 221 may face the northeast side or the southeast side. The second sloped roof surface 222 may face the southwest side or the northwest side. The third sloped roof surface 223 may face the northwest side or the northeast side.

[0038] 2-4 all have simple roof shapes, so the building 100 can be adapted to sites of various orientations or shapes.

[0039] The height position of the lower end of the first sloped roof surface 21, 121, 221 may be approximately the same as the height position of the lower end of the second sloped roof surface 22, 122, 222. Therefore, the area of ​​the first sloped roof surface 21, 121, 221 may be equal to the area of ​​the second sloped roof surface 22, 122, 222, or may be different from the area of ​​the second sloped roof surface 22, 122, 222.

[0040] The slope of the first roof surface 21 of the sloped roof 10 is between 5 sun (1 / 2 slope) and 6 sun (0.6 slope), or between 11.5 sun (1.15 slope) and 12.5 sun (1.25 slope), as shown in Figure 1. These slopes correspond to the north-side slope restrictions stipulated by Article 56, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the Building Standards Act, or by local governments for districts (hereinafter referred to as "height districts") based on Article 8, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the City Planning Act and Article 58 of the Building Standards Act. For example, as of February 22, 2024, the north-side slope restriction in "Class 1 Height Districts" within height districts in Tokyo and other areas is often 6 sun, while the north-side slope restriction for buildings in Class 1 Low-Rise Exclusive Residential Zones or Class 2 Low-Rise Exclusive Residential Zones as stipulated in Article 56, Paragraph 1, Item 3 of the Building Standards Act is 12.5 sun. A slope between 5 sun and 6 sun is generally considered steep. The slope of the first roof surface 21 of the sloped roof 10 is preferably 5.5 inches or 12.0 inches, so that the building 100 can be adapted to sites of various orientations or shapes and to ensure a spacious interior space. The slopes of the first sloped roof surface 21 and the second sloped roof surface 22, located on either side of the ridge 32, may be equal.

[0041] Here, the first ground surface is usually the average ground surface GL, but if there is elevation difference mitigation, it is the mitigated ground surface GL'. The average ground surface means the average height at which the building contacts the surrounding ground. The height from the first ground surface to the roof finish top edge on the eaves beam 14 core L1 of the sloped roof 10 is defined as A [mm]. The eaves beam 14 core L1 may be located at the center of the eaves beam 14.

[0042] More specifically, if the ground level GL of the site is 1m or more lower than the ground level of the neighboring land to the north, the first ground level is the mitigation ground level GL'. The height Hg' of the mitigation ground level GL' is the value obtained by subtracting 1m from the elevation difference H and adding the height Hg of the average ground level GL to the remaining half, and is expressed by the following formula. Hg'[m]=Hg[m]+(H[m]-1)×1 / 2

[0043] The boundary distance between adjacent properties is γ [mm]. The boundary distance between adjacent properties is the shortest distance from the eaves beam 14 core L1 to the boundary line between adjacent properties L2.

[0044] When the slope of the roof surface of the sloped roof 10 is 5 to 6 inches, a = 0.6, and when the slope is 11.5 to 12.5 inches, a = 1.25, then A≦5000+aγ. With this configuration, the building 100 can comply with north-side slope restrictions, etc.

[0045] The ceiling surface 50a of the indoor space 50 on the floor (the second floor in this embodiment) directly below the sloped roof 10, which is located vertically below the first sloped roof surface 21 or the second sloped roof surface 22, extends along the slope of the first sloped roof surface 21 or the second sloped roof surface 22. As a result, the building 100 can increase the volume of the indoor space 50. In addition, because no areas with extremely high ceilings are formed, a decrease in air conditioning efficiency within the indoor space 50 can be suppressed. Furthermore, because the ceiling surface 50a is not too high, construction is easy and construction costs can be reduced.

[0046] Height B from the top of the second-floor floor beams to the top of the eaves beam 14 is preferably 1,800 mm or more in order to satisfy the general structural constraints of building 100. Height B generally needs to be at least half the floor height (Allowable Stress Design for Wooden Frame Construction Houses (2017 Edition), Japan Housing and Wood Technology Center, Public Interest Incorporated Foundation, p. 42). Furthermore, in order to efficiently use the typical 3 shaku x 6 shaku (910 mm x 1,820 mm) bearing surface material, height B is preferably 1,800 mm or more and 1,820 mm or less.

[0047] 6, a partition wall 60 may be provided between the floor and ceiling of the second floor of the building 100. The distance D from the eaves beam 14 core L1 to the partition wall 60 may be 1.2 ken (2184 mm) or more.

[0048] From the perspective of ensuring a larger indoor space, it is preferable that the average ceiling height H3 of the indoor space on the top floor (the second floor in this embodiment) covered by the sloped roof 10 and the average ceiling height of the indoor space on the first floor be 2100 mm or more. Note that, as of February 22, 2024, Article 21 of the Enforcement Order of the Building Standards Act requires that the height of a room be 2100 mm or more.

[0049] The average ceiling height H3 is the average of the minimum ceiling height and the maximum ceiling height. In the structure shown in Figure 6, the minimum ceiling height on the second floor is the ceiling height H1 on the indoor side of the outer wall on the eaves beam 14 side. The maximum ceiling height on the second floor is the ceiling height H2 at the wall edge of the partition wall 60. Therefore, H3=(H1+H2) / 2 is.

[0050] If the ceiling is uneven, the average ceiling height H3 must be calculated using the following formula. H3 = Room volume [m 3 ] / room area [m 2 ]

[0051] From the viewpoint of storing structures, piping, etc., it is preferable that the height α2 from the ceiling surface of the first floor to the top of the beams on the second floor be 197.5 mm or more.

[0052] A roof balcony, a veranda, or the like may be provided on the outdoor side of the indoor space 50. Also, a skylight may be provided in part of the ceiling surface 50a.

[0053] As described above, the first sloped roof surface 21 and the second sloped roof surface 22 intersect vertically upward to form the ridge 32 as the peak of the sloped roof 10. An attic floor may be provided vertically below the ridge 32 as a floor section that separates the indoor space 50 of the floor directly below the sloped roof 10 (the second floor in this embodiment) from the attic space. In other words, an attic floor may be provided below the peak of the sloped roof 10 formed by the intersection of the first sloped roof surface 21 and the second sloped roof surface 22 as a floor section that separates the indoor space 50 of the floor directly below the sloped roof 10 (the second floor in this embodiment) from the attic space.

[0054] By locating the attic space, which can be used as a living room (loft) or storage, vertically below the ridge 32, it is possible to ensure an attic space with a specified ceiling height while increasing the design freedom of the layout of other indoor spaces on the floor directly below the sloped roof 10, such as the open-feeling indoor space 50 described above.

[0055] By adopting such a sloped roof 10, it is possible to optimize the location and ceiling height of the indoor space 50 or attic space on the floor directly below the sloped roof 10 of the building 100. For example, the building 100 can improve its usable floor area or usable volume. [Explanation of symbols]

[0056] 100: Building 1: Basics 2:Superstructure 4: Floor part 5: Roofing materials 10: Sloped roof 11: Climbing beam 14: Eave girder 15: Ridgepole 221, 222, 223: Sloped roof surface 231: Corner building 32,132,232:Otogi 50;Indoor space 50a; Ceiling surface 60: Partition wall D: Distance GL: Relaxed toposurface H: Height difference H1, H2: Ceiling height H3;Average ceiling height L1: core L2: Boundary line of neighboring property

Claims

1. A building with two or more floors and a sloped roof, The slope of the roof surface of the sloped roof is 5 inches or more and 6 inches or less, or 11.5 inches or more and 12.5 inches or less, When the height from the average ground level or the gradual ground level to the roof finishing top on the eaves beam center of the sloped roof is A [mm], the distance to the boundary with the neighboring land is γ [mm], and when the slope is 5 sun or more and 6 sun or less, a = 0.6, and when the slope is 11.5 sun or more and 12.5 sun or less, a = 1.25, A≦5000+aγ, A climbing beam is provided to support the sloped roof. building.

2. The height from the top of the second floor floor beam to the top of the eaves beam is 1,800 mm or more. The building of claim 1.

3. The height from the ground level to the bottom of the foundation is 400 mm or more.

3. The building according to claim 1 or 2.

4. The average ceiling height of the indoor space on the top floor covered by the sloped roof and the indoor space on the first floor is 2,100 mm or more.

3. The building according to claim 1 or 2.

5. The climbing beams are arranged in parallel at intervals in the longitudinal direction of the eaves beam, A first insulating material disposed between the plurality of climbing beams; A foamed plastic-based second insulating material is provided so as to cover the outer sides of the plurality of climbing beams.

3. The building according to claim 1 or 2.

Images