Vertical crusher and choke ring

Abstract

To provide an economical vertical crusher that uses expensive wear-resistant steel plates. [Solution] A vertical crusher comprising a cylindrical shell with a cylindrical discharge ring installed at the bottom, a crushing mechanism attached to a rotating shaft at the center of the shell and the shell, and a choke ring installed between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring and the crushing mechanism, wherein the choke ring is composed of a plurality of choke ring pieces divided circumferentially between the upper flange and the lower flange, each choke ring piece is divided into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, and the first member and the second member are connected by a connecting part having an engaging part and an engaged part so as to move together in the radial direction.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to a vertical crusher and a choke ring for crushing discarded household appliances, bulky non-combustible waste, metal scraps, etc.

Background Art

[0002] A vertical crusher is used as a device for crushing recovered household appliances such as discarded refrigerators for reuse and the like.

[0003] The vertical crusher is configured to crush the material to be crushed between a crushing mechanism attached to a rotating shaft provided at the center of a cylindrical shell and the shell, with a cylindrical discharge ring installed at the lower part of the shell.

[0004] And the crushed material is configured to fall onto the discharge ring from a gap formed between a movable choke ring installed between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring and a crushing mechanism facing the movable choke ring. The crushing mechanism is composed of a rotor that rotates around the rotating shaft and a breaker provided on the upper part of the rotor. The rotor includes disks installed in multiple upper and lower stages and a plurality of crushing grinders rotatably supported on the outer peripheral part of the disks.

[0005] Patent Document 1 discloses a particle size adjustment device for a crusher in which a member thicker than the movable choke ring is interposed between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring, and each divided movable choke ring is made to be movable forward and backward in the radial direction of the shell, and the outer ends of each movable choke ring are projected outward from both flanges, and the projecting ends of each movable choke ring and the outside of the shell are connected by a screw-type or cylinder-type jack so that each movable choke ring can move forward and backward in the radial direction.

[0006] Patent Document 2 discloses a particle size adjustment mechanism for a crusher, in which multiple movable choke rings are provided between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring, allowing for radial movement, and the inner periphery of each movable choke ring is formed as a comb-toothed rim with multiple notches. Each movable choke ring is provided with a means for moving it radially and a means for fixing the movable choke ring integrally between the lower flange and the upper flange at a predetermined position. The movable choke ring is formed from two ring plates: an upper choke ring plate with a comb-toothed rim and a lower choke ring plate with an arc-shaped periphery. The lower choke ring plate is movably superimposed on the upper choke ring plate so that the arc-shaped periphery of the lower choke ring plate overlaps with the notches of the comb-toothed rim of the upper choke ring plate at an arbitrary position. The mechanism is configured to set a predetermined gap of less than or equal to a set particle size between the rotor and the inner periphery of the comb-toothed rim, and to allow for fine adjustment of the particle size. [Prior art documents] [Patent Documents]

[0007] [Patent Document 1] Japanese Utility Model Publication No. 5-74641 [Patent Document 2] Japanese Patent Publication No. 2003-117414 [Overview of the Initiative] [Problems that the invention aims to solve]

[0008] In both cases, by extending and retracting the choke ring radially, the size of the gap formed between the crushing mechanism and the inner tip edge of the choke ring can be adjusted, thereby controlling the particle size of the crushed material that falls from the gap into the discharge ring.

[0009] Therefore, in order to handle the crushed material and the wear of the tip, the lower flange of the shell was jacked up from the upper flange of the discharge ring, creating a small gap between the two flanges, and the size of the gap was adjusted by moving the choke ring radially.

[0010] Furthermore, when the tip of the choke ring became worn, the lower flange of the shell was jacked up from the upper flange of the discharge ring to create a small gap between the two flanges, allowing the choke ring to be pulled out radially and replaced with a new one.

[0011] However, although the part that performs the function of adjusting the particle size of the crushed material by the choke ring is only at the tip, it was constructed as a single unit from a very expensive wear-resistant steel plate, which presented a problem in terms of economic efficiency.

[0012] In view of the above-mentioned problems, the object of the present invention is to provide a vertical crusher and a choke ring that are economically efficient while using expensive wear-resistant steel plates. [Means for solving the problem]

[0013] To achieve the above objective, the first characteristic configuration of the vertical crusher according to the present invention is a crusher in which a cylindrical discharge ring is installed at the lower part of a cylindrical shell, a crushing mechanism attached to a rotating shaft provided at the center of the shell is used to crush the material to be crushed between the shell and the shell, and the crushed material is dropped onto the discharge ring from the gap between a choke ring installed between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring and the crushing mechanism, wherein the choke ring is composed of a plurality of choke ring pieces divided circumferentially between the upper flange and the lower flange, each choke ring piece is divided into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, and the first member and the second member are connected by a connecting part having an engaging part and an engaged part so as to move together in the radial direction.

[0014] By dividing each of the multiple choke ring pieces that make up the choke ring into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, the materials of the first member and the second member can be made differently according to their purpose, thereby improving the cost-effectiveness of choke ring replacement work. Furthermore, by connecting the first member and the second member with a connecting part having an engaging part and a engaged part, even if the second member is located between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring, the first member can be moved radially as a single unit by manipulating it.

[0015] The second characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the choke ring is sandwiched between the upper flange and the lower flange in a region that includes the connecting portion between the first member and the second member.

[0016] The inner second member is securely held between the upper flange and the lower flange.

[0017] The third characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the first member and the second member are pressed apart from each other at the boundary of the connecting portion by a spring pin, a set bolt, or a fit.

[0018] At the boundary of the connecting section, the first and second members are pressed apart by a spring pin, set bolt, or fitting mechanism, thereby suppressing rattle between the two members. As a result, when adjusting the size of the gap formed between the crushing mechanism and the inner tip edge of the choke ring, i.e., the tip edge of the second member, the size of the gap can be accurately adjusted even when moving the first member.

[0019] The first characteristic configuration of the choke ring according to the present invention is incorporated into a vertical crusher having a cylindrical shell equipped with a crushing mechanism and a discharge ring for discharging crushed materials, and is installed between the lower flange of the cylindrical shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring, and is a choke ring for adjusting the particle size of the crushed materials falling from the crushing mechanism to the discharge ring, and is composed of a plurality of choke ring pieces divided in the circumferential direction between the upper flange and the lower flange, and each choke ring piece is divided into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, and the first member and the second member are integrally connected by a connecting portion having an engaging portion and an engaged portion so as to move in the radial direction.

[0020] The second characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, it is sandwiched in the region including the connecting portion of the first member and the second member between the upper flange and the lower flange.

[0021] The third characteristic configuration is that, in addition to the first characteristic configuration described above, the first member and the second member are pressed in a direction away from each other by any one of a spring pin, a set bolt, and a fitting at the boundary of the connecting portion.

Advantages of the Invention

[0022] As described above, according to the present invention, it has become possible to provide a vertical crusher and a choke ring that are excellent in economy while using an expensive wear-resistant steel plate.

Brief Description of the Drawings

[0023] [Figure 1] Partial cutaway explanatory view of a vertical crusher [Figure 2] Explanatory view showing a longitudinal section of a main part of a vertical crusher [Figure 3] Explanatory view showing a cross section of a main part of a crushing treatment section [Figure 4](a) is a plan view of the radial outer member constituting the choke ring piece, (b) is a plan view of the radial inner member constituting the choke ring piece, and (c) is an explanatory diagram of the connector between the outer and inner members. [Figure 5] (a) is a plan view of the choke ring piece connecting the outer and inner members, (b) is a cross-sectional view of the main part showing the spacer positioned between the lower flange of the shell and the choke ring, (b) is an enlarged explanatory view of the main part of the choke ring piece, (c) is an explanatory diagram of the first spring pin, and (d) is an explanatory diagram of the second spring pin. [Figure 6] (a), (b) Diagrams illustrating the choke ring position adjustment mechanism. [Figure 7] Plan view of a chalk ring piece showing another embodiment [Figure 8] (a), (b), and (c) are plan views of a chalk ring piece showing another embodiment. [Modes for carrying out the invention]

[0024] An example of a vertical crusher according to the present invention will be described below with reference to the drawings. As shown in Figure 1, the vertical crusher 1 is a device for crushing large household appliances and other materials, and is equipped with a crushing section 5 which has an electric motor 3 and a rotating shaft 4 driven and connected to the electric motor 3, on a device frame 2 fixed to a concrete floor.

[0025] The crushing section 5 includes a cylindrical discharge ring 6 fixed to the apparatus frame 2, a cylindrical shell 7 positioned above the discharge ring 6, and a crushing mechanism 8 attached to a rotating shaft 4 located in the center of the shell 7.

[0026] An input hood 10 is provided at the top of the shell 7, and the material to be crushed, transported by a conveyor mechanism (not shown), is dropped into the shell 7 through an input opening 11 formed in the side wall of the input hood 10. A blast relief duct 12 is provided on the top surface of the input hood 10, and an opening / closing door is provided on the back of the input hood 10 for bringing in a crane mechanism such as a hoist to lift the crushing mechanism 8, which will be described later.

[0027] Figure 2 shows a longitudinal section of the crushing section 5. The shell 7 has a circular cross-section and is formed in a cylindrical shape that gradually widens from bottom to top, with multiple shell liners 13 arranged at predetermined intervals inside. The shell is made of SS, and the shell liners 13 are made of wear-resistant casting. In other words, in this invention, the shell 7 is used as a concept that includes the shell liners 13. As shown in Figure 2, the shell 7 is formed in a tubular shape that widens from bottom to top, and is not cylindrical in a geometric sense.

[0028] The crushing mechanism 8 is composed of a rotor 17 that rotates around a rotating shaft 4, and a breaker 14 provided on the upper part of the rotor 17. The breaker 14 is equipped with a pair of breaker arms 15 and 16 that extend radially. The rotor 17 is equipped with three discs 18 arranged in upper and lower tiers, and a plurality of crushing grinders 19 are pivotally supported on the outer circumference of the discs 18 so as to be able to rotate freely.

[0029] As the breaker 14 and rotor 17 rotate together with the rotating shaft 4, the material to be crushed, which is fed into the shell 7, is first struck by the breaker 14 and roughly crushed, and then the roughly crushed material is finely crushed between the crushing grinder 19 and the shell liner 13 provided on the rotor 17. The shell liner 13 is a structure that is positioned inside the shell 7 and crushes the material to be crushed in contact with the crushing mechanism, and is not limited to a structure that covers the inside of the shell 7, but may also be a projection that protrudes from the inside of the shell 7.

[0030] A choke ring 20 is installed between the lower flange 7A of the shell 7 and the upper flange 6A of the discharge ring 6. The crushed material CM falls into the discharge ring 6 through the gap S formed between the lowest disc 18 of the rotor 17 and the choke ring 20 positioned on its outer circumference. The material is then swept inside the discharge ring 6 by a sweeper 6S installed in the discharge ring 6 and rotating integrally with the rotating shaft 4, and discharged from an outlet 60 (see Figure 1) formed in the apparatus frame 2.

[0031] Figure 3 shows a cross-sectional view of the main part of the crushing section 5, which consists of a discharge ring 6, a shell 7, and a crushing mechanism 8. In Figure 3, the crushing mechanism 8 located inside the shell 7 is omitted.

[0032] As shown in Figures 2 and 3, six roughly triangular chalk ring guides 28 are provided at 60° intervals between the lower flange 7A of the shell 7 and the upper flange 6A of the discharge ring 6, and six roughly rectangular chalk ring pieces 21 are arranged between each chalk ring guide 28. The chalk ring 20 is composed of the six chalk ring pieces 21 arranged in a divided manner along the circumferential direction. Note that the number of chalk ring guides 28 and chalk ring pieces 21 is not particularly limited to six.

[0033] The choke ring guide 28 is a component that guides the radial insertion and removal of the choke ring piece 21 relative to the rotation axis 4, and also acts as a distance piece that maintains a constant distance between the lower flange 7A of the shell 7 and the upper flange 6A of the discharge ring 6. It is fastened and fixed to the flange 7A by bolts. The thickness of the choke ring guide 28 is set to be the same as the thickness of the choke ring piece 21, or more precisely, the same thickness as the second component 21B, which will be described later.

[0034] As shown in Figures 4(a),(b) and 5(a),(b), the choke ring piece 21 is divided into an outer first member 21A and an inner second member 21B in the radial direction of the upper flange 6A, and the first member 21A and the second member 21B are connected by a connecting portion 22 having an engaging portion 22A and an engaged portion 22B so as to move radially together.

[0035] The first member 21A is constructed using SS400, a type of general structural rolled steel, and the second member 21B is constructed using wear-resistant steel plate. Wear-resistant steel plate is used for the second member 21B to absorb the impact of the crushed material CM falling onto the discharge ring 6 from the gap S formed between the lowest disc 18 of the rotor 17 and the choke ring 20 arranged on its outer circumference. For example, if wear occurs in the tip region of the second member 21B and the gap S can no longer be adjusted to an appropriate value, it becomes necessary to replace the choke ring 20. In such cases, by using inexpensive general-purpose steel plate such as SS400 for the first member 21A, the overall cost-effectiveness of the choke ring piece 21, which is a replacement part, can be improved.

[0036] The first member 21A and the second member 21B are pressed apart from each other at the boundary of the connecting portion 22 by two types of spring pins SP1 and SP2 while connected. The diameter of the spring pins is set so that SP1 > SP2.

[0037] At the boundary of the connecting portion 22, the first member 21A and the second member 21B are pressed apart by the spring pins SP1 and SP2, thereby suppressing rattle between the two members 21A and 21B. As a result, when adjusting the size of the gap S formed between the crushing mechanism 8 and the inner tip edge of the choke ring 20, that is, the tip edge of the second member 21B, the second member 21B is moved in conjunction with the discharge ring 6 by moving it relative to the first member 21A from the radially outer side, allowing for precise adjustment of the size of the gap S.

[0038] Figures 5(a) and 5(b) show how the first member 21A and the second member 21B are bolted together by a pair of plate-like bodies 21D (see Figure 4(c)) across the connecting portion 22 in the connected state. These plate-like bodies 21D are reinforcing members that maintain the connected state during the transport of the replacement choke ring piece 21, and are removed when the vertical crusher 1 is assembled. The choke ring piece 21 is then sandwiched between the upper flange 6A and the lower flange 7A in the region including the connecting portion 22 of the first member 21A and the second member 21B. In other words, the second member 21B, which is located radially inward, is securely sandwiched between both flanges 6A and 7A.

[0039] The thickness of both the chalk ring guide 28 and the chalk ring piece 21 is set to the same value of approximately 25 mm. That is, the thickness of the first member 21A and the second member 21B is also set to the same value as the thickness of the chalk ring guide 28, however, it is sufficient that the thickness of the second member 21B is set to the same value as the thickness of the chalk ring guide 28, and the thickness of the first member 21A may be thinner than the thickness of the second member 21B. Note that the thicknesses of the chalk ring guide 28 and the chalk ring piece 21 are examples and are not limited to these values.

[0040] Each choke ring piece 21 constituting the choke ring 20 is mounted so as to extend and retract radially along the left and right sides of the choke ring guide 28 between the upper flange 6A and the lower flange 7A by a position adjustment mechanism 30 fixed to the upper flange 6A. The gap S between the recess, which is an arc formed on the radial inner edge of the second member 21B, and the outer edge of the lowest disc 18 provided on the rotor 17 is adjusted, and the crushed particle size of the crushed material CM can be adjusted to the extent that it falls through the gap S.

[0041] Each choke ring piece 21 has a pair of elongated holes 23 drilled parallel to both sides, and a larger diameter elongated hole 24 is drilled between the pair of elongated holes 23. The pair of elongated holes 23 serve as bolt insertion holes for fastening and fixing the choke ring 20 between the two flanges 6A and 7A via bolts 25 and nuts 26 to prevent movement due to impact during crushing (see Figure 2).

[0042] The elongated hole 24 serves as a through-hole for inserting a jack bolt 27 to lift the shell 7. The jack bolt 27 is screwed into a threaded hole drilled in the lower flange 7A of the shell 7, the lower end of the jack bolt 27 passes through the elongated hole 24 and contacts the upper flange 6A of the discharge ring 6, and by rotating the jack bolt 27, the lower flange 7A, i.e., the shell 7, is lifted by several mm from the upper flange 6A (see Figure 2). In this way, the elongated holes 23 and 24 are formed so that the radial position of the choke ring piece 21 can be adjusted while eliminating the load on the choke ring piece 21.

[0043] As shown in Figures 2 and 6(a) and 6(b), the position adjustment mechanism 30 comprises a screw bolt 32 rotatably held on a base 31 welded to the lower flange 7A, and a movable piece 33 screwed onto the screw bolt 32, with the movable piece 33 fixed to the choke ring piece 21 via a mounting portion 34. The screw bolt 32 is rotatable relative to the base 31, but is held so as not to move horizontally. When the head of the screw bolt 32 is rotated with a tool such as a wrench, the movable piece 33 screwed onto the screw bolt 32 moves horizontally, and this causes the choke ring piece 21 to which the movable piece 33 is attached to move radially.

[0044] When replacing the choke ring 20, jack bolts 27 are inserted through each of the six choke ring pieces 21 to evenly lift the shell 7, and the position adjustment mechanism 30 attached to the choke ring 20 to be replaced is removed. Then, the jack bolts 27 are pulled out and the choke ring 20 is replaced.

[0045] Alternatively, instead of using jack bolts 27, it is also possible to lift the shell 7 evenly using small hydraulic jacks. In this case, hydraulic jacks can be installed at three locations where the central angle is approximately 120 degrees.

[0046] In the embodiment described above, the connecting portion 22 was configured to have a wedge-shaped engaging portion 22A and an engaged portion 22B. However, if the radial position of the second member 21B can be adjusted by moving the first member 21A radially via the position adjustment mechanism 30, it is not necessary to configure the connecting portion 22 with a wedge-shaped engaging portion 22A and an engaged portion 22B, and the engaging portion 22A and the engaged portion 22B can be formed in other shapes.

[0047] Although a configuration in which the engaging portion 22A is provided on the first member 21A and the engaged portion 22B is provided on the second member 21B has been described as a connecting portion, it is also possible to configure it so that the engaging portion is provided on the second member 21B and the engaged portion is provided on the first member 21A. Furthermore, although a configuration in which the connecting portion is provided in two places on each choke ring piece 21 has been described, it is sufficient to have one or more connecting portions, and it is also possible to configure it to have three or more.

[0048] In the embodiment described above, a choke ring piece 21 with a smooth recess formed on the radial inner edge of the second member 21B was described as shown in Figure 5(a). However, the shape of the radial inner edge of the second member 21B is not particularly limited as long as the shape allows for adjustment of the gap S. For example, as shown in Figure 7, a comb-shaped notch 21C may be formed on the radial inner edge of the second member 21B, and the gap S formed between it and the outer circumference of the disc 18 may be configured to change in width periodically. Regardless of the shape, it is possible to prevent linear materials to be crushed from falling as they are.

[0049] In this case, in order to adjust the depth of the notch 21C, a lower choke ring piece having a smooth recess formed on its radially inner edge may be superimposed on the lower part of the choke ring piece 21, thereby adjusting the radially relative position of the lower choke ring piece with respect to the choke ring piece 21.

[0050] In the embodiment described above, an example was explained in which the relative positions of the first member 21A and the second member 21B are stabilized by pressing them in a direction that separates them from each other at the boundary of the connecting portion 22 using spring pins SP1 and SP2. However, in addition to spring pins, set bolts, bolt fixing, or fitting can be used.

[0051] As shown in Figure 8(a), instead of using a spring pin, a bolt hole may be formed by tapping a bolt hole at the boundary of the connecting portion 22 between the first member 21A and the second member 21B, and the two members may be fixed with a set bolt SB, thereby causing the first member 21A and the second member 21B to be pressed in a direction that separates them from each other.

[0052] As shown in Figure 8(b), the spring pin may be eliminated, and the boundary of the connecting portion 22 between the first member 21A and the second member 21B may be fitted (wedge-shaped) so that the first member 21A and the second member 21B are pressed in a direction that separates them from each other.

[0053] As shown in Figure 8(c), the engaging portion may be a bolt B1 that engages near the boundary of the first member 21A, and the engaged portion may be a tapped bolt hole h formed at the boundary of the second member 21B, so that the first member 21A and the second member 21B are pressed together in a direction toward each other by the bolt B1 screwed in from the side.

[0054] It should be noted that the embodiments described above are merely examples of the present invention, and it goes without saying that the specific structure, shape, size, etc. of each part can be appropriately modified and designed within the scope of achieving the effects of the present invention. [Explanation of Symbols]

[0055] 1: Vertical crusher 2: Device frame 3: Electric motor 4: Rotation axis 4 5: Crushing Processing Section 6: Discharge ring 6A: Upper flange 60: Outlet 7: Shell 7A: Lower flange 8: Crushing mechanism 13: Shellraina 14: Circuit breaker 15,16: Breaker arm 17: Rotor 18: Disc 19: Crushing Grinder 20: Choke ring 21: Chalk ring piece 21A: First component 21B: Second member 22:Connection part 22A: Engagement part 22B: Engaged part 22B 30:Position adjustment mechanism

Claims

1. A crusher comprising a cylindrical shell with a cylindrical discharge ring installed at its lower part, crushing the material to be crushed between the shell and a crushing mechanism attached to a rotating shaft at the center of the shell, and dropping the crushed material onto the discharge ring through the gap between a choke ring installed between the lower flange of the shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring and the crushing mechanism, The choke ring is composed of a plurality of choke ring pieces divided circumferentially between the upper flange and the lower flange. A vertical crusher in which each choke ring piece is divided into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, and the first member and the second member are connected by a connecting part having an engaging part and an engaged part so that they move together in the radial direction.

2. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the choke ring is sandwiched between the upper flange and the lower flange in a region including the connecting portion of the first member and the second member.

3. The vertical crusher according to claim 1, wherein the first member and the second member are pressed apart from each other at the boundary of the connecting portion by a spring pin, a set bolt, or a fit.

4. A choke ring is incorporated into a vertical shredder comprising a cylindrical shell equipped with a shredding mechanism and a discharge ring for discharging shredded material, and is installed between the lower flange of the cylindrical shell and the upper flange of the discharge ring to adjust the particle size of the shredded material falling from the shredding mechanism into the discharge ring, It consists of a plurality of choke ring pieces divided circumferentially between the upper flange and the lower flange, Each choke ring piece is divided into an outer first member and an inner second member in the radial direction of the upper flange, and the first member and the second member are connected by a connecting portion having an engaging portion and an engaged portion so that they move together in the radial direction.

5. The choke ring according to claim 4, which is sandwiched between the upper flange and the lower flange in a region including the connecting portion of the first member and the second member.

6. The choke ring according to claim 4, wherein the first member and the second member are pressed apart from each other at the boundary of the connecting portion by a spring pin, a set bolt, or a fit.

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