Display devices and equipment

Abstract

To provide a display unit that allows a person with a color-vision deficiency to easily distinguish colors.SOLUTION: A display unit comprises a light source used for display. A plurality of display units are one of a plurality of elements included in an element unit for performing display and a plurality of pixels constituting an image displayed by the element unit, and include at least one unit of a first type and at least one unit of a second type. The unit of the first type exhibits a first maximum brightness of 0.04 cd / m2 or more in a first wavelength within a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. The unit of the second type exhibits a second maximum brightness of 0.04 cd / m2 or more in a second wavelength within a range of 360 nm or more and less than 650 nm.SELECTED DRAWING: Figure 2

Description

[Technical field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a display device. [Background technology]

[0002] The color vision that the majority of humans have is called normal color vision. The color vision that a minority of humans have that is different from normal color vision is called anomalous color vision. It is said that more than 1% (for example, around 3%) of the world has anomalous color vision (color vision deficiencies). People with color vision deficiencies can have difficulty discriminating between colors.

[0003] Patent Document 1 discloses an image display device that suppresses changes in color appearance due to differences in individual color matching functions.

[0004] Patent Document 2 discloses a digital watermark information display device that realizes a digital watermark display that prevents unauthorized copying by re-capturing an image. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0005] [Patent Document 1] JP 2014-174361 A [Patent Document 2] JP 2003-304508 A Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0006] In the image display device disclosed in Patent Document 1 and the information display device disclosed in Patent Document 2, consideration is not sufficient with respect to color discrimination by people with color vision deficiency. Therefore, an object of the present invention is to provide a display device that allows people with color vision deficiency to easily discriminate colors. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] A first aspect of the present disclosure is a display device that performs display using a plurality of display units using a light source, the plurality of display units including a first type of unit and a second type of unit, a peak wavelength of the first type of unit being a first wavelength in a range of not less than 650 nm and not more than 700 nm, a peak wavelength of the second type of unit being a second wavelength in a range of not less than 520 nm and less than 650 nm, and the first type of unit and the second type of unit being 0.04 cd / m 2 It is characterized by exhibiting a brightness of 100 or more.

[0008] A second aspect of the present disclosure is a display device that performs display using a plurality of display units using an electroluminescent light source, the plurality of display units including a first type of unit and a second type of unit, the first type of unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at a first wavelength in a range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less, the second type of unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at a second wavelength in a range of 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm, and a maximum spectral radiance of the first type of unit at the first wavelength is higher than a maximum spectral radiance of the second type of unit at the second wavelength.

[0009] A third aspect of the present disclosure is a display device that performs display using a plurality of display units using a light source, the plurality of display units including a first type of unit and a second type of unit having structures different from each other, the first type of unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at a first wavelength in a range of not less than 650 nm and not more than 700 nm, the second type of unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at a second wavelength in a range of not less than 480 nm and less than 650 nm, and the first type of unit exhibiting a maximum luminance at the first wavelength, where λL [nm] is the first wavelength and V(λL) is a standard spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision at the first wavelength, and 2 / nm] or more, and the second type of unit is, at the second wavelength, 5 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. Effect of the Invention

[0010] According to the present invention, it is possible to provide a display device that allows people with color vision deficiency to easily discriminate colors. [Brief description of the drawings]

[0011] [Figure 1] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display device and an apparatus. [Diagram 2] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Diagram 3] 1A and 1B are schematic diagrams illustrating a display device and an apparatus. [Figure 4] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Diagram 5] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 6] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 7] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 8] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 9] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 10] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 11] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. [Figure 12] Schematic diagram for explaining human vision. [Figure 13] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram illustrating a display device. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS

[0012] Hereinafter, an embodiment of the present invention will be described with reference to the drawings. In the following description and drawings, common reference numerals are used to designate components common to multiple drawings. Therefore, common components will be described with mutual reference to multiple drawings, and descriptions of components with common reference numerals will be omitted as appropriate.

[0013] First Embodiment FIG. 1(a) shows an example of a device EQP equipped with a display device 1. The display device 1 has an element section 10 for displaying. The display device 1 has at least one of a light source 11 and a light source 12. The light source 11 and the light source 12 are used for the display intended by the display device 1. The light source 11 is part of the element section 10. The light source 12 is a separate component from the element section 10. For example, if the element section 10 includes the light source 11, the light source 12 may not be provided. For example, if the element section 10 does not include the light source 11, the light source 12 is provided.

[0014] The display device 1 may include a driving section 60 that inputs a driving signal DRV to the element section 10. The display device 1 may also include a power supply section 70 that supplies power to the element section 10 and the driving section 60. The display device 1 may include a control section 40 that inputs a control signal CTRL for controlling the driving section 60. The device EQP that includes the display device 1 may include a signal generating device 2 that inputs an image signal SIG to the display device 1. The device EQP may include an information generating device 3 that generates image information IMG that is the basis of the image signal SIG generated by the signal generating device 2. The signal generating device 2 may include a calculation section such as a GPU (Graphics Processing Unit). The information generating device 3 may include a calculation section such as a CPU (Central Processing Unit). Each of the devices 1, 2, and 3 may include a memory section as necessary. The configurations of the display device 1 and the device EQP are not limited to those described above, and some of the configurations may be deleted or other configurations may be added.

[0015] FIG. 1(b) is a schematic diagram of an image 15 displayed on the element unit 10 and / or the display device 1. The element unit 10 includes a plurality of elements 110. The plurality of elements 110 may include elements 111 of type α and elements 112 of type β. The plurality of elements 110 may also include elements 113 of type γ and elements 114 of type δ. Although an example in which the plurality of elements 110 includes four types of elements is shown here, the plurality of elements 110 may include at least two types of elements. The plurality of elements 110 may include elements of type ε (not shown) in addition to the four types of elements 111, 112, 113, and 114. The plurality of elements 110 may include five or more types of elements 110.

[0016] As shown in Figs. 1(b) and (c), an image 15 displayed on the display device 1 includes a plurality of pixels 120. The plurality of pixels 120 may include a pixel 121 of type α and a pixel 122 of type β. The plurality of pixels 120 may also include a pixel 123 of type γ and a pixel 124 of type δ. The plurality of pixels 120 may include at least two types of pixels. Here, an example is shown in which the plurality of pixels 120 includes four types of pixels. The plurality of pixels 120 may include a pixel of type ε (not shown) in addition to the four types of pixels 121, 122, 123, and 124. The plurality of pixels 120 may include five or more types of pixels 120. In the image 15 of Fig. 1(b), a plurality of types of pixels 120 are located within one screen. In contrast, the image 15 of Fig. 1(c) is composed of a plurality of screens each having only the same type of pixels 120.

[0017] The elements 110 and the pixels 120 can be collectively referred to as display units 100. That is, the multiple display units 100 are multiple elements 110 and / or multiple pixels 120. For example, one display unit 100 is one element 110 of the multiple elements 110. For example, one display unit 100 is one pixel 120 of the multiple pixels 120. A unit 101 of type α among the multiple display units 100 is an element 111 of type α and / or a pixel 121 of type α. A unit 102 of type β among the multiple display units 100 is an element 112 of type β and / or a pixel 122 of type β. A unit 103 of type γ among the multiple display units 100 is an element 113 of type γ and / or a pixel 123 of type γ. A unit 104 of type δ among the multiple display units 100 is an element 114 of type δ and / or a pixel 124 of type α. Among the plurality of display units 100, the units of type ε are elements of type ε and / or pixels of type ε.

[0018] The types of display units 100, elements 110 and / or pixels 120 are classified according to the wavelengths of light they emit. The light emitted by each type of display unit 100 has a given spectral characteristic.

[0019] First, we will explain the spectral radiance characteristics. Spectral radiance characteristics are the relationship between wavelength and spectral radiance, and the spectral radiance for an arbitrary wavelength λ as a variable is defined as a function L(λ) of the wavelength λ [nm]. For example, at a certain wavelength Λ (λ=Λ), a display unit of 100 indicates a certain spectral radiance L(Λ). Since spectral radiance is the amount of radiation per certain wavelength, the unit of spectral radiance L(λ) is [W / sr / m 2 / nm]. However, the unit of spectral radiance L(λ) is [W / sr / m 2 ]. The display unit 100 may also exhibit light of a wavelength other than the specific wavelength Λ described above, and the light exhibited by the display unit 100 may include light of multiple wavelengths within a predetermined wavelength band from wavelength λmin to wavelength λmax. In this case, the total radiance of light of all wavelengths exhibited by the display unit 100 within the predetermined wavelength band is called the integral radiance Le. The unit of integral radiance Le is [W / sr / m 2 ]. The integral radiance Le is generally called "radiance", but in the following explanation, it will be called integral radiance to distinguish it from the spectral radiance L(λ). The relationship between the integral radiance Le and the spectral radiance L(λ) is shown in the following formula (1).

[0020]

number

[0021] Specifically, the wavelength band when calculating the integral radiance Le is the visible light range, with λmin being 360 to 380 nm and λmax being 750 to 830 nm. If the predetermined wavelength band is 360 to 830 nm, the relationship between the integral radiance Le and the spectral radiance L(λ) is, for example, as shown in the following formula (2).

[0022]

number

[0023] Next, the integrated photometric luminance Lv represented by the display unit 100 will be described. The integrated photometric luminance Lv is a photometric quantity that weights the influence of light radiation in the visible light range on human vision, relative to the integrated radiance Le, which is defined as the amount of radiation. The photometric quantity is expressed by multiplying the amount of radiation by the spectral luminous efficiency and integrating it over the wavelength range from wavelength λmin to wavelength λmax. The unit of the integrated photometric luminance Lv is "cd / m 2 " is "nt" and "lm / sr / m 2 " The integral photometric luminance Lv is generally called "luminance", but in the following explanation it will be called the integral photometric luminance Lv to distinguish it from the spectral radiance L(λ) and the integral radiance Le. The relationship between the integral photometric luminance Lv and the spectral radiance L(λ) is given by the following formula (3).

[0024]

number

[0025] Here, V(λ) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency in photopic vision, and is a function of wavelength λ. V(λ) has a value of 0 or more and 1 or less. The standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) is also called the standard relative luminous efficiency. Km is the maximum luminous efficiency, and is a value that relates the photometric quantity and the radiant quantity at the wavelength (λ=555 nm) where V(λ)=1, and Km=683 [lm / W]. The wavelength band when calculating the integrated photometric luminance Lv is specifically the visible light range, and the wavelength band when calculating the integrated photometric luminance Lv is specifically the visible light range, λmin is 360-380 nm, and λmax is 750-830 nm. If the predetermined wavelength band is 360-830 nm, the relationship between the integrated photometric luminance Lv and the spectral radiant luminance L(λ) is as shown in the following formula (4).

[0026]

number

[0027] Next, the spectrophotometric luminance characteristics exhibited by the display unit 100 will be described. The spectrophotometric luminance characteristics are the relationship between wavelength and spectrophotometric luminance, and the spectrophotometric luminance for an arbitrary wavelength λ as a variable is defined as a function F(λ) of the wavelength λ. At a certain wavelength Λ (λ=Λ), the display unit 100 exhibits a predetermined spectrophotometric luminance F(Λ). The spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) is a physical quantity that weights the influence of light radiation in the visible light range on human vision, relative to the spectral radiance L(λ), which is defined as a radiation amount. Since the spectrophotometric luminance is a photometric amount per certain wavelength, the unit of the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) is [cd / m 2 / nm]. However, the unit of spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) is [cd / m 2 In the following explanation, it can be abbreviated as [cd / m 2 When the unit [cd / m ] is used and is associated with a specific wavelength, it means spectrophotometric luminance, and the unit [cd / m ] shown as spectrophotometric luminance is used. 2 ] to [cd / m 2 / nm]. On the other hand, in the following explanation, [cd / m 2 When using the unit of [cd / m 2 If F(λ) means integrated photometric luminance, this is stated. The relationship between spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) and spectral radiance L(λ) is given by the following formula (5).

[0028]

number

[0029] As can be seen from equations (3), (4) and (5), the indefinite integral of the spectral radiance L(λ) corresponds to the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ).

[0030] When a display unit 100 having a predetermined spectral characteristic exhibits a spectral radiance L(Λ) at a certain wavelength Λ, the integral radiance Le of the display unit 100 is equal to or greater than the spectral radiance L(Λ) (Le≧L(Λ)). In other words, exhibiting a spectral radiance L(Λ) or greater at a certain wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integral radiance Le of the display unit 100 to be equal to or greater than L(Λ). The case where Le=L(Λ) is satisfied is when the spectral radiance L(λ)=0 at all wavelengths except for the wavelength Λ, that is, when the display unit 100 exhibits only light of a single wavelength. When a display unit 100 having a predetermined spectral characteristic exhibits a spectrophotometric luminance F(Λ) at a certain wavelength Λ, the integral radiance Lv of the display unit 100 is equal to or greater than the spectrophotometric luminance F(Λ) (Lv≧F(Λ)). That is, exhibiting a spectrophotometric luminance of F(Λ) or more at a certain wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 to be F(Λ) or more. The case where Lv=F(Λ) is satisfied is when the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ)=0 at all wavelengths except for the wavelength Λ, that is, when the display unit 100 exhibits only light of a single wavelength.

[0031] Considering these, when a certain wavelength Λ exhibits a spectral radiance L(Λ), it can be said that the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 is 683*L(Λ)*V(Λ) or more (Lv≧683*L(Λ)*V(Λ)) according to formula (5). In other words, exhibiting a spectral radiance L(Λ) or more at a certain wavelength Λ is a sufficient condition for the integrated photometric luminance Lv of the display unit 100 to be 683*L(Λ)*V(Λ) or more.

[0032] When a spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) is present at a wavelength λ, the spectral radiance L(λ) at the wavelength λ can be obtained by modifying equation (5) as shown in the following equation (6). In this way, by using equation (5) or equation (6), the spectral radiance L(λ) and the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) can be converted to each other. In the following explanation, the unit [cd / m 2 ] or [cd / m 2 When describing spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) using [λ / nm], it may be converted to spectral radiance L(λ) using equation (5) or equation (6).

[0033]

number

[0034] With only a single wavelength of light of wavelength Λ [nm], F(Λ) [cd / m 2 To achieve an integrated photometric luminance Lv of 1000 or more, the spectral radiance L(Λ) at wavelength Λ [nm] should be F(Λ) / (683*V(Λ)) [W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. In other words, the spectral radiance at wavelength Λ [nm] must be F(Λ) / (683*V(Λ)) [W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more, regardless of whether it is a single-wavelength light or not, F(Λ) [cd / m 2 ] or more can be realized. The horizontal axis of the graph in FIG. 13(a) represents wavelength λ. The right vertical axis (linear axis) of the graph in FIG. 13(a) represents standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) in photopic vision. The left vertical axis (logarithmic axis) of the graph in FIG. 13(a) represents spectral radiance L(λ). The graph in FIG. 13(a) shows the case where the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) is 0.04 cd / m 2 Similarly, the spectral radiance L(λ) = 0.04 / (683*V(λ)) corresponds to a spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) of 1 cd / m 2 The corresponding spectral radiance L(λ)=1 / (683*V(λ)) and the spectrophotometric luminance F(λ) are 5 cd / m 2 The corresponding spectral radiance L(λ) = 5 / (683*V(λ)) is shown.

[0035] For example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 600 nm is 0.69. Substituting F(λ) = 5 and V(λ) = 0.69 into equation (6), we get 5 / (683*0.69) ≒ 0.011. Therefore, with only a single wavelength light of 600 nm, the standard spectral luminous efficiency is 5 cd / m 2 To achieve the above integrated photometric luminance Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600 nm must be 0.011 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more. In other words, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 600 nm must be 0.011 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, regardless of whether it is a single-wavelength light or not, it is 5cd / m 2 An integrated photometric luminance Lv of 1 cd / m or higher can be achieved. For example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 650 nm is 0.12. Substituting F(λ) = 1 and V(λ) = 0.12 into formula (6), 1 / (683*0.12) ≒ 0.0123. With only a single wavelength light of 650 nm, a luminance of 1 cd / m 2 To achieve the above integrated photometric luminance Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650 nm must be 0.0123 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more. In other words, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 650 nm must be 0.0123 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, regardless of whether it is a single-wavelength light or not, it is 1cd / m 2 An integrated photometric luminance Lv of 0.04 cd / m or higher can be achieved. For example, the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λ) at a wavelength of 700 nm is 0.0042. Substituting F(λ) = 0.04 and V(λ) = 0.0042 into formula (6), 0.04 / (683*0.0042) ≒ 0.014. With only a single wavelength light of 700 nm, 0.04 cd / m 2 To achieve the above integrated photometric luminance Lv, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 700 nm must be 0.014 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more. In other words, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 700 nm must be 0.014 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, regardless of whether it is a single-wavelength light or not, the 2 An integrated photometric luminance Lv of the above can be achieved.

[0036] Similarly, the spectral radiance at a wavelength of 520 nm is 0.0001 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, 0.04cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric brightness level of 0.0001 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 600 nm. 2 / nm or more, 0.04cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric luminance Lv of 0.0005 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 650 nm.2 / nm or more, 0.04cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric brightness Lv of 0.082 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 480 nm. 2 / nm or more, 1cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric luminance Lv of 0.0021 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 600 nm. 2 / nm or more, 1cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric brightness level of 0.3489 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 700 nm. 2 / nm or more, 1cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric luminance Lv of 0.041 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 480 nm. 2 / nm or more, 5cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric luminance Lv of 0.010 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 520 nm. 2 / nm or more, 5cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve an integrated photometric brightness level of 0.061 W / sr / m at a wavelength of 650 nm. 2 / nm or more, 5cd / m 2 An integrated photometric luminance Lv of the above can be achieved.

[0037] 2A shows the spectral characteristic L of the luminance of light exhibited by the unit 101 of type α (the element 111 of type α and / or the pixel 121 of type α). The unit 101 of type α has a luminance of 0.04 cd / m 2 The unit 101 exhibits the maximum luminance PL as described above. That is, the wavelength-luminance characteristic (spectral luminance characteristic) of the unit 101 of type α is such that the luminance increases monotonically as the wavelength increases from wavelength λL-Δλ to wavelength λL, and the luminance decreases monotonically as the wavelength increases from wavelength λL to wavelength λL+Δλ. Assuming that the wavelength increases, the luminance changes from increasing to decreasing at wavelength λL. Note that since the luminance at wavelengths other than the vicinity of wavelength λL may be arbitrary, FIG. 2(a) shows only the spectral luminance characteristic near wavelength λL, and the luminance at wavelengths other than the vicinity of wavelength λL is omitted.

[0038] Figure 2(a) shows the spectral luminance characteristics, with the left axis showing the spectral luminance characteristics based on spectrophotometric luminance, and the right axis showing the spectral luminance characteristics based on spectral radiance. Note that Figure 2(a) shows a typical example of the standard photopic spectral luminous efficiency V(λL) for wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less, which can be applied when V(λL)=0.05, but the value of the maximum luminance PL can also be applied when V(λL)=0.05 or more.

[0039] Maximum luminance PL is 0.04cd / m 2 If so, the integral photometric luminance of unit 101 of type α is 0.04 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is 0.04 cd / m 2 That means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is 0.04 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance PL is 1cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL may be less than 1 cd / m 2 It is preferable that the integral photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α is 1 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is 1cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 This means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance PL is 5cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL may be less than 5 cd / m 2 It is preferable that the integral photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α is 5 cd / m or more. 2 The maximum luminance PL at wavelength λL is 5 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 That means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λL is 5 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance PL is 35cd / m 2 may be less than 35cd / m2, but the maximum luminance PL is 35cd / m22 More preferably, the integral photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α is 35 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL is 100cd / m 2 It may be less than 100cd / m2, but the maximum luminance PL is 100cd / m2. 2 It is even more preferable that the integrated photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α is 100 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL is 1000cd / m 2 It may be more than 1000cd / m 2 The integral photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α may be less than 1000 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The maximum luminance PL may be less than 500 cd / m 2 It may be more than 500cd / m 2 The integral photometric luminance of the unit 101 of type α may be less than 500 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The unit 101 of type α may have a value of 5 cd / m at a wavelength λL in the range of 600 nm or more (preferably 650 nm or more) and 700 nm or less. 2The maximum luminance PL may be the peak luminance of the unit 101 of type α. Here, the peak luminance is the highest value (maximum value) of luminance in the spectral characteristics of a certain display unit 100. The maximum wavelength λL may be the peak wavelength of the unit 101 of type α. Here, the peak wavelength is the wavelength of light that exhibits the peak luminance in the range of light (spectral distribution) exhibited by the display unit 100 having a predetermined wavelength-luminance characteristic (spectral luminance characteristic). Therefore, in a certain display unit 100, wavelengths other than the peak wavelength have luminance less than the peak luminance. Note that the term dominant wavelength has a different meaning from the peak wavelength. The dominant wavelength is a wavelength that corresponds to the color of light obtained by synthesis of light of multiple wavelengths in the range of light exhibited by the display unit 100 having a predetermined spectral luminance characteristic when actually viewed with the eye. In other words, the dominant wavelength is determined according to the manner of the spectral distribution of the light exhibited by the display unit 100, and the peak wavelength and the dominant wavelength may be different in the same spectral luminance characteristic. The peak wavelength is related to the spectral distribution of the radiant quantity (spectral radiance L(λ)), and the dominant wavelength is related to the spectral distribution of the photometric quantity (spectrophotometric luminance F(λ)). Thus, the peak wavelength and peak luminance are defined by the spectral distribution of the spectral radiance. However, the peak luminance can be expressed in terms of spectral radiance, and also in terms of spectrophotometric luminance using equation (5) as mentioned above.

[0040] 2B shows the spectral characteristic S of the luminance of light exhibited by the type β unit 102 (the type β element 112 and / or the type β pixel 122). The type β unit 102 has a luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λS in the range of 400 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2The unit 102 of type β exhibits the maximum luminance PS or more. That is, the wavelength-luminance characteristic of the unit 102 of type β is such that as the wavelength increases from the wavelength λS-Δλ to the wavelength λS, the luminance increases monotonically, and as the wavelength increases from the wavelength λS to the wavelength λS+Δλ, the luminance decreases monotonically. Assuming that the wavelength increases, the luminance changes from increasing to decreasing at the wavelength λS. Note that since the luminance at wavelengths other than the vicinity of the wavelength λS may be arbitrary, FIG. 2(b) shows only the spectral luminance characteristic near the wavelength λS, and the luminance at wavelengths other than the vicinity of the wavelength λS is omitted.

[0041] Figure 2(b) shows the spectral luminance characteristics, with the left axis showing the spectral luminance characteristics based on spectrophotometric luminance, and the right axis showing the spectral luminance characteristics based on spectral radiance. Note that Figure 2(b) shows a typical example of the standard spectral luminous efficiency V(λS) for photopic vision in the wavelength λL range of 400 nm or more and 650 nm or less, which can be applied when V(λS)=0.5, but the value of the maximum luminance PS can also be applied when V(λS)=0.5 or more.

[0042] Maximum luminance PS is 0.04cd / m 2 If so, the integrated photometric luminance of unit 102 of type β is 0.04 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS at wavelength λS is 0.04 cd / m 2 This means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is 0.04 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance PS is 1cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS may be less than 1 cd / m 2 It is preferable that the integral photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β is 1 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS at wavelength λS is 1cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 This means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is 1 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance PS is 5cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS may be less than 5 cd / m2 It is preferable that the integral photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β is 5 cd / m or more. 2 The maximum luminance PS at wavelength λS is 5 cd / m 2 This means that the spectral radiance at wavelength λS is 5 / (683*V(λS))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. As can be seen from FIG. 13(a), V(λ=468 nm) = V(λ=650 nm) = 0.12. Therefore, in the range of 470 nm or more (or 480 nm or more) and less than 650 nm, the 2 / nm, with a spectral radiance of 5cd / m 2 It is possible to achieve a spectrophotometric brightness of 0.06W / sr / m or more. 2 A spectral radiance of 0.01 W / sr / m2 or less can be achieved by light sources commonly used in display devices, such as electroluminescence, photoluminescence, and cathode luminescence. Furthermore, V(λ=519 nm) = V(λ=600 nm) = 0.69, and in the range of 520 nm or more and less than 600 nm, the spectral radiance is 0.01 W / sr / m2. 2 / nm, with a spectral radiance of 5cd / m 2 In other words, it is preferable for the wavelength λS to be in the range of 470 nm or more (or 480 nm or more) and less than 650 nm, more preferably in the range of 520 nm or more and less than 600 nm, so that the unit 102 of type β exhibits high luminance. The maximum luminance PS is 35 cd / m 2 It may be less than 35cd / m2, but the maximum luminance PS is 35cd / m2 2 More preferably, the integrated photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β is 35 cd / m 2 The maximum brightness PS is 100cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS may be less than 100 cd / m 2 It is even more preferable that the integrated photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β is 100 cd / m 2 The maximum brightness PS is 1000cd / m 2Although it may be more than 1000cd / m, the maximum luminance PS is 1000cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β may be less than 1000 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS may be less than 500 cd / m 2 or more, but the maximum luminance PS is 500cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the unit 102 of type β may be less than 500 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance P S may be the peak luminance exhibited by the units 102 of type β. The maximum wavelength λ S may be the peak wavelength of the units 102 of type β.

[0043] 2B also shows the concept of the spectral characteristic S of the luminance of light exhibited by the type γ unit 103 (type γ element 113 and / or type β pixel 123). Similarly, the type γ unit 103 (type γ element 113 and / or type γ pixel 123) also exhibits a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m in the wavelength range of 400 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 103 of type γ (the element 113 of type γ and / or the pixel 123 of type γ) exhibits a maximum luminance of 0.04 cd / m 2 The unit 103 of type γ exhibits the above integrated photometric brightness. However, the wavelength at which the unit 103 of type γ exhibits the maximum brightness may be different from the wavelength at which the unit 102 of type β exhibits the maximum brightness. Also, the maximum brightness exhibited by the unit 103 of type γ may be different from the maximum brightness exhibited by the unit 102 of type β.

[0044] 2B also shows the concept of the spectral characteristic S of the luminance of light exhibited by the unit 104 of type δ (the element 114 of type δ and / or the pixel 124 of type δ). Similarly, the unit 104 of type δ (the element 114 of type δ and / or the pixel 124 of type δ) has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m in the wavelength range of 400 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 104 of type δ (the element 114 of type δ and / or the pixel 124 of type δ) exhibits a maximum luminance of 0.04 cd / m 2The wavelength at which the unit 104 of type δ exhibits a maximum brightness may be different from the wavelength at which the unit 102 of type β exhibits a maximum brightness. The wavelength at which the unit 104 of type δ exhibits a maximum brightness may also be different from the wavelength at which the unit 103 of type γ exhibits a maximum brightness.

[0045] The maximum luminance PS of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 0.04 cd / m 2 If so, the integrated photometric luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 0.04 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PL is 0.04 cd / m 2 This means that the spectral radiance at the wavelength with maximum luminance is 0.04 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 5 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 5 cd / m 2 In that case, the integrated photometric luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 is 5 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PS is 5cd / m 2 This means that the spectral radiance at the wavelength with maximum luminance is 5 / (683*V(λL))[W / sr / m 2 / nm] or more. The maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 35 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 35 cd / m 2 More preferably, the integral photometric luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 is 35 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 100 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 100 cd / m 2It is even more preferable that the integrated photometric luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 is 100 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ is 1000 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ may be 1000 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 1000 cd / m 2 The maximum luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 500 cd / m 2 Although the maximum luminance of the unit 103 of type γ and the unit 104 of type δ may be 500 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of the unit of type γ 103 and the unit of type δ 104 may be less than 500 cd / m 2 It may be less than.

[0046] Here, the maximum luminances PL and PS may be exhibited at any display level (e.g., emission intensity) of the display units 100 (elements 110 and pixels 120). However, in terms of judging the performance of the display device 1, it is preferable that the maximum luminances PL and PS are exhibited at the highest display level (e.g., maximum emission intensity) of the display units 100 (elements 110 and pixels 120).

[0047] In a typical display device 1, the element unit 10 itself displays the image 15 in multiple colors, so that the element 110 and the pixel 120 can almost match. Therefore, the element 110 can be called the pixel 120. It goes without saying that the maximum luminances PL and PS are luminances that can be displayed by the display device 1 and can be recognized by the human eye. Light that exists only inside the display device 1 and is not extracted to the outside of the display device 1 is not a display unit 100 and cannot be recognized by the eyes of a person who sees the display, so it is not subject to the maximum luminances PL and PS. For example, even if light satisfying the spectral characteristic L is used for the light sources 11 and 12, if the transmittance of the wavelength λL is limited by a color filter or the like, the display device 1 may not exhibit sufficient luminance at the wavelength λL.

[0048] FIG. 3(a) shows a cross-sectional view of the element unit 10. In the example of FIG. 3(a), the elements 110 included in the element unit 10 exhibit light of different wavelengths (colors) depending on their types. The color exhibited by each of the multiple elements 110 may be an emission color emitted by the element 110, a transmitted color transmitted by the element 110, or a reflected color reflected by the element 110. Therefore, by observing the element unit 10 directly or indirectly through an optical system such as a lens, an observer recognizes the light exhibited by the multiple elements 110 of the element unit 10 as an image 15 which is a collection of pixels 120. In other words, the pixels 120 included in the image 15 exhibit light of different wavelengths (colors) depending on their types.

[0049] The display device 1 of FIG. 3(a) will be specifically described. The element section 10 may include a substrate 130 including semiconductor elements such as transistors, wiring 132 on the substrate 130, and an interlayer insulating film 131 around the wiring 132. The element section 10 may include an electrode 133 connected to the semiconductor elements of the substrate 130 via the wiring 132, a light-emitting layer 134 on the electrode 133, and an electrode 135 on the light-emitting layer 134. The element section 10 may include a protective film 136 on the electrode 135, a color filter array 137 on the protective film 136, and a planarization film 138 on the color filter array 137. The light-emitting layer 134 in this example emits white light, but light-emitting layers that emit different colors may be disposed for each element. The elements 111, 112, 113, and 114 may be provided with color filters of the color filter array 137 that have different transmission colors. Among the plurality of elements 110, an element corresponding to unit 101 of type α may include a first color filter, and among the plurality of elements 110, an element corresponding to unit 102 of type β may include a second color filter having transmission characteristics different from that of the first color filter. In this manner, each of the plurality of elements 110 in the element section 10 has a structure different from each other for each type. However, in this example, the same color filter is provided for element 111 and element 114. Element 111 in the element section 10 may include a wavelength tuning section 139. Light that has passed through the color filter common to element 111 and element 114 is adjusted by wavelength tuning section 139 to a value of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less.2 The brightness is adjusted so as to have a maximum brightness PL of 100 nm or more.

[0050] In one example of the projection type display device 1, the element section 10 and the image 15 are separated. Each of the multiple elements 110 of the element section 10 has the same structure. In the example of FIG. 3(b), each of the elements 110 included in the element section 10 simultaneously reflects or transmits light of the same wavelength (color). In other words, at a certain moment, each of the multiple elements 110 of the element section 10 may exhibit the same color. In other words, the multiple elements 110 of the element section 10 may be of a single type in space.

[0051] In the reflective display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface is controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the light incident on the element unit 10 that reflects light, that is, the wavelength of the light source 12. In the reflective display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the reflected light at the element unit 10 that reflects light, that is, the wavelength selection means 13. In the transmissive display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the light incident on the element unit 10 that transmits light, that is, the wavelength of the light source 12. In the transmissive display device 1, the wavelength of light displayed on the display surface can be controlled by temporally switching the wavelength of the transmitted light at the element unit 10 that transmits light, that is, the wavelength selection means 13. The wavelength selection means 13 is switched over time, for example, by rotating a color wheel. The element unit 10 has a substrate 130 and a plurality of elements 110 provided on the substrate 130. 3(b), the element 110 is, for example, a reflective element, and when light is irradiated from the light source 12 to the element section 10, the direction of the reflected light is controlled according to an input signal to the element section 10. The reflected light is colored over time by wavelength selection means 13, and displayed on a display surface 14 outside the display device 1. Alternatively, the display device 1 may be a scanning type.

[0052] Various coloring principles can be adopted for the display unit 100. For example, the color exhibited by the display unit 100 may be controlled using a color filter. Alternatively, the color exhibited by the display unit 100 may be controlled using a light-emitting material that exhibits a specific light-emitting color. Various light-emitting principles can also be adopted. Examples of light-emitting principles that can be adopted include electroluminescence (EL), photoluminescence (PL), and cathodoluminescence (CL). A plurality of light-emitting principles may be combined. The type of luminescence may be fluorescence that occurs during an allowed transition from an excited singlet state to a ground singlet state, or phosphorescence that occurs during a forbidden transition from an excited triplet state to a ground singlet state. The light-emitting material may be an organic material, an inorganic material, or an organic-inorganic hybrid material. For example, electroluminescence and photoluminescence may be combined. Primary light emitted by electroluminescence may be irradiated onto a light-emitting body or the like to obtain secondary light by photoluminescence. In this case, the element 110 may include a portion that emits light by electroluminescence and a portion that emits light by photoluminescence. The above-mentioned wavelength adjustment unit 139 may be a color filter or a light emitter that emits light by photoluminescence. For example, an organic material may be used for electroluminescence, and an organic-inorganic hybrid material may be used for photoluminescence. The inorganic material may be a quantum dot. Examples of inorganic materials that can exhibit maximum brightness in the wavelength range of 650 to 750 nm include EuCeBaSrZnS, CeLnOS (Ln is a lanthanide), MnKTiOF, EuCaAlSi, CaLnSbMnO, and BaLnSbMnO. The composition ratio of elements in these materials may be appropriately set so that the peak wavelength during emission is 650 to 750 nm. As inorganic materials capable of exhibiting maximum brightness in the wavelength region of 650 to 750 nm, materials described in JP-T-2013-505009, JP-A-2016-196611, JP-A-2016-79213, and JP-A-2013-1877 can also be used. As organic materials capable of exhibiting maximum brightness in the wavelength region of 650 to 750 nm, tris(8-quinolinolato)aluminum(III), polyimide-based materials, and the like can be mentioned.The polyimide-based material may be a polyimide in which nitrogen (N) is bonded via a divalent organic group containing an alicyclic structure and carbon (C) is bonded via a tetravalent aromatic group, and the material described in JP-A-2008-274165 may also be used. The brightness of the display unit 100 may be controlled by controlling the injection energy in the various luminescences described above. The element section 10 using electroluminescence may have organic EL elements or LEDs (Light Emitting Diodes) arranged therein. In addition, the control of transmittance by liquid crystal elements or the control of reflectance by mirror elements may be used. The element section 10 of the reflective display device 1 may be composed of LCOS (Liquid crystal on silicon) or DMD (Digital Micromirror Device). The light source 11 or the light source 12 may be a backlight in the display device 1 having a transmissive display element in the element section 10. The light source 12 may emit light to be irradiated to the element section 10 in the display device 1 having a reflective display element in the element section 10.

[0053] The device EQP including the display device 1 may be a mobile device such as a smartphone, a mobile PC, or a tablet. Mobile devices are primarily used by individuals, and are therefore suitable for customization according to an individual's color vision. The device EQP including the display device 1 may be a wearable device. A wearable device is a type of mobile device. The display device 1 can be applied to wearable devices such as smart glasses, a head mounted display (HMD), a goggle-type display, and smart contact lenses.

[0054] The device EQP including the display device 1 may be equipped with an imaging device. It is preferable to display an image captured by the imaging device in the device EQP on the display device 1, since this allows the user of the device EQP to easily discriminate colors. The device EQP equipped with an imaging device may be a camera or an information device with a camera.

[0055] FIG. 3(c) shows a schematic diagram for explaining smart glasses SG as an example of a device EQP that is a wearable device. The smart glasses SG are glasses-type devices and have a frame 1000 that is a glasses-type housing. The frame 1000 includes a temple 1003. The smart glasses SG have, for example, a display unit 1011, an imaging unit 1001, a processing unit 1002, and an eye detection unit 1004. The display unit 1011 can employ the element unit 10 of the display device 1 described above. In this example, the display unit 1011 is provided at the position of the lens of the glasses, but it can be provided at any position depending on the display format. The driving unit 60, the control unit 40, and the power supply unit 70 of the display device 1 can be provided in the processing unit 1002. The imaging unit 1001 can be provided with an imaging device such as a CMOS image sensor, or a photographing lens for forming an image on the imaging device. The imaging unit 1001 is provided on the outer surface of the temple 1003 of the glasses. However, the imaging unit 1001 may be provided so as to overlap the display unit 1011. The processing unit 1002 is provided on the inner surface of the temple 1003 of the glasses. In either case, an image is displayed on the display unit 1011. The pupil detection unit 1004 is provided on the bridge of the frame 1000, but may be provided on the temple 1003 or may be provided at the position of the lens of the glasses. The processing unit 1002 may be configured to perform computing using artificial intelligence. The power supply unit 70 may supply power not only to the display unit 1011, but also to the imaging unit 1001, the processing unit 1002, the display unit 1011, and the pupil detection unit 1004. The smart glasses SG may have a communication unit (not shown), and a device other than the smart glasses SG may perform wired communication and / or wireless communication via the communication unit. In the smart glasses SG, the processing unit 1002 may exchange external information via the communication unit. The smart glasses SG may have two display units 1011 for the left eye and the right eye. The smart glasses SG may have two imaging units 1001 for the left eye and the right eye. The timing of imaging and display can be set arbitrarily for each of the imaging units 1001 and the display units 1011 for the left eye and the right eye. Specifically, the operation is to image at the same time and display at different times, or to image at different times and display at the same time.Furthermore, the image capturing unit 1001 and the display unit 1011 may be provided at different positions, but the image capturing unit 1001 and the display unit 1011 may be provided so as to overlap in the line of sight.

[0056] The device EQP including the display device 1 may be any one of an electronic bulletin board, a traffic signal, and an in-car display. When the display device 1 is used in a public place such as an electronic bulletin board, a traffic signal, or an in-car display, good visibility is required for both people with normal color vision and people with color vision deficiency. Generally, these devices ensure visibility for people with normal color vision, but by adopting the embodiment of the present invention, visibility can also be improved for people with color vision deficiency.

[0057] In an example of the display device 1, the image displayed is typically a variable pattern, but may be a fixed pattern. FIG. 3(d) shows an element section 10 of a traffic light as an example of an apparatus EQP including the display device 1. The element section 10 has three fixed patterns: a red pattern X surrounded by a solid line X, a yellow pattern Y surrounded by a solid line, and a green (blue) pattern Z surrounded by a solid line. Depending on the time, one of the red pattern X, the yellow pattern Y, and the green (blue) pattern Z is turned on. Each of the red pattern X, the yellow pattern Y, and the green (blue) pattern Z is composed of a plurality of elements 110. The red pattern X includes a plurality of elements 111 of type α, and in this example, the red pattern X may include a plurality of elements 114 of type δ. The green (blue) pattern Z includes a plurality of elements 112 of type β, and in this example, the green (blue) pattern Z may include a plurality of elements 113 of type γ. The yellow pattern Y includes a plurality of elements 110 exhibiting yellow.

[0058] The effect of using the above-mentioned unit 101 having the spectral characteristic L and unit 102 (and / or units 103 and 104) having the spectral characteristic S will be described.

[0059] Light that enters the human eye is captured by photoreceptor cells on the retina. Photoreceptor cells are classified into two types, rod cells and cone cells, based on their morphology. Since rod cells can respond to weak light, rod cells function mainly in dark places and cone cells mainly function in bright places depending on the intensity of the light. Cone cells function as color sensors, and there are three types: L cone cells, M cone cells, and S cone cells. Each cone cell responds to different wavelength characteristics. It is said that for the majority of people, the wavelengths with the highest absorption rate are 560±10nm for L cone cells, 530±10nm for M cone cells, and 420±10nm for S cone cells.

[0060] Light emitted or reflected by a substance induces different levels of response in the three types of cone cells depending on its components. The difference in the amount of response creates differences in color. For example, whether something appears closer to red or green is related to the difference between the amount of response of L cone cells and the amount of response of M cone cells. The larger this difference is, the closer it appears to red, and the smaller it is, the closer it appears to green.

[0061] Here, in a scene with bright ambient light, only the cone cells are active, and this vision is called photopic vision. Photopic vision is when the luminance is between 1 and 5 cd / m 2 It is a visual field in which the luminance is equal to or greater than 100 cd / m2, and it is believed that color discrimination is possible in this luminance range. Since there are individual differences and various theories regarding the boundary between photopic and mesopic vision, the lower limit of the luminance of photopic vision is set to 1-5 cd / m2. 2 However, it is explained as 5cd / m 2 If this is the case, it can be said that a very large number of people experience photopic vision.

[0062] When only rod cells function in a dark scene, the vision is called scotopic vision. 2 This is vision in the area below, and since L cone cells do not respond in scotopic vision, it is thought that color discrimination is not possible.

[0063] Vision that is intermediate between photopic and scotopic vision, when both cone cells and rod cells are functional, is called mesopic vision. It is known that under environmental light at the mesopic level, the rod cells gradually increase their sensitivity, while the cone cells are still functional, resulting in complex changes in color sensation and color perception. Here, since there are individual differences and various theories regarding the boundary between scotopic vision and mesopic vision, the upper limit of luminance for scotopic vision is set to 0.001 to 0.034 cd / m 2 Although it is explained as below, 0.04cd / m 2 If this is the case, it can be said that a very large number of people will suffer from mesopic vision.

[0064] As mentioned above, human photoreceptors consist of multiple cells: L cone cells, M cone cells, S cone cells, and rod cells. The ratio of these cells and their spectral absorption characteristics vary from person to person. Therefore, there is diversity in people's color vision or color matching functions, which is complex and prominent especially in the mesopic vision range. Because of this diversity in color vision, people perceive colors differently when looking at printed materials or display devices.

[0065] The color vision that most people have is called normal color vision. Figure 12(a) shows an example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells in normal color vision. In contrast, there are people (commonly called color vision deficiency) who have color vision different from normal color vision due to the absence or incompleteness of any or all of the three types of cone cells. It is said that about 3% of the world's population has color vision deficiency, and the majority of them are said to have "protanopia" in which the L cone cells are malfunctioning, or "deuteranopia" in which the M cone cells are malfunctioning. Figure 12(b) shows an example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells in protanopia, and Figure 12(c) shows an example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of cone cells in deuteranopia. As shown in Figure 12(b), in protanopia, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of L cone cells (denoted as L cone (i)) are different from the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of L cone cells in normal color vision (denoted as L cone (n)). As shown in FIG. 12(b), in deuteranopia, the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of M cone cells (denoted as M cone (ii)) differ from those of M cone cells in normal color vision (denoted as M cone (n)). In the case of protanopia, as shown in FIG. 12(b), the sensitivity region of L cone cells is often shifted to the short wavelength side. As a result, the overlap of the spectral absorption characteristics of L cone cells and M cone cells becomes large, making it difficult to sense color differences in the red to green wavelength range. In the case of deuteranopia, as shown in FIG. 12(c), the sensitivity region of M cone cells is often shifted to the long wavelength side. As a result, as in the case of protanopia, the overlap of the spectral absorption characteristics of L cone cells and M cone cells becomes large, making it difficult to sense color differences in the red to green wavelength range.

[0066] In order to correct individual differences in color perception in display devices, it is conceivable to provide red pixels with a peak wavelength of 630 nm and preferentially stimulate L cone cells with this red pixel. However, in protanopia and deuteranopia, light of 630 nm does not produce a significant difference in the amount of response of L cone cells and M cone cells. Therefore, although such display devices can correct for people with normal color vision, it is difficult to improve color discrimination for people with protanopia and deuteranopia.

[0067] Figure 12(d) shows an example of the wavelength sensitivity characteristics of rod cells. Rod cells are sensitive to the wavelength range from 400 nm to less than 650 nm, with the wavelength at which they show peak sensitivity (peak wavelength) being 500±10 nm. In the aforementioned mesopic vision, color vision is said to be affected by the response of rod cells, and color sensation and color perception change in complex ways. Specifically, it is known that an increase in the response of rod cells produces the perception of blue-green colors.

[0068] Here, in order to enable people with protanopia and deuteranopia to discriminate red, it is possible to consider a measure to increase the emission intensity of red pixels compared to people with normal color vision. However, when the red pixels are made to emit strong light, if the emission wavelength of the red pixels is in the wavelength range of less than 650 nm, it will also promote excessive excitation of the rod cells. As a result, especially in the mesopic vision range, while enhancing the perception of red, it will also produce a perception of blue-green, making the correction extremely complicated. Therefore, we are considering providing a display device that makes it easy for people with color vision deficiencies to discriminate colors. Here, discriminating a certain color means that a person recognizes a certain light as a second color rather than a first color.

[0069] As shown in Fig. 12(b) and (c), even in a person with protan or deuteran color vision deficiency, there is a difference between the sensitivity of L cone cells and the sensitivity of M cone cells in the wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm. In the wavelength region of 650 to 700 nm, the difference between the sensitivity of L cone cells and the sensitivity of M cone cells becomes more prominent. Therefore, the present inventors thought that if light that stimulates L cone cells is displayed in the wavelength region of 600 to 700 nm, preferably in the wavelength region of 650 to 700 nm, it would be easier for a person with protan or deuteran color vision deficiency to discriminate red. Here, in order to suppress excessive excitation of rod cells as described above, it is effective to stimulate L cone cells outside the wavelength region of 400 nm or more and less than 650 nm, which is the wavelength region to which rod cells are sensitive, that is, in the wavelength region of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. In the photopic region, since the function of rod cells is relatively decreased, L cone cells may be stimulated in the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 700 nm or less, or L cone cells may be stimulated in the wavelength region of 600 nm or more and 650 nm or less.

[0070] In this embodiment, the unit 101 of type α has a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less, and has a wavelength λL of 0.04 cd / m 2 Maximum brightness (0.04cd / m 2 The display device 1 of this embodiment exhibits an integrated photometric luminance of 101 or more, which can produce mesopic vision or photopic vision. Therefore, color discrimination is possible using the sensitivity difference between the L cone cells and the M cone cells. That is, a person with color vision deficiency who sees the image 15 displayed by the display device 1 of this embodiment can recognize the light exhibited by the unit 101 of type α as red. Furthermore, it is possible to discriminate (distinguish) the color exhibited by the unit 102 of type β (and / or the unit 103 of type γ, and the unit 104 of type δ) different from the unit 101 of type α. This makes it possible to provide a display device that makes it easy for a person with color vision deficiency to discriminate colors.

[0071] Hereinafter, several embodiments that are more specific than the first embodiment will be described. Table 1 shows the correspondence between the types α, β, γ, δ, and ε and the spectral characteristics La, Lb, Lc, Ld, R, G, M, and B in the second to sixth embodiments described later. The values ​​in parentheses show the peak wavelengths in each unit. Here, the spectral characteristics La, Lb, Lc, and Ld are classified as sub-concepts of the above-mentioned spectral characteristic L, and have the characteristics of the spectral characteristic L. The spectral characteristics R, G, M, and B are classified as sub-concepts of the above-mentioned spectral characteristic S, and have the characteristics of the spectral characteristic S. The combination of the spectral characteristics is not limited to those described in the following embodiments, and the element unit 10 and the image 15 may be configured with a unit having any of the spectral characteristics L, La, Lb, Lc, and Ld, and a unit having any of the spectral characteristics R, G, M, and B.

[0072] [Table 1]

[0073] <Second embodiment> An example of the spectral characteristics of the display device 1 in the second embodiment is shown in Fig. 4. In the second embodiment, the types of the display units 100 described in the first embodiment are three types: unit 101, unit 102, and unit 103. Fig. 4 shows the spectral characteristic La of the unit 101, the spectral characteristic Ga of the unit 102, and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103. The spectral characteristics in Fig. 4 are expressed as relative luminance normalized by the peak luminance of each display unit.

[0074] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic La exhibits a maximum luminance PL of 0.04 cd / m2 or more in terms of spectrophotometric luminance at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic La is 670 nm. The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Ga exhibits a maximum luminance PG of 0.04 cd / m2 or more at a wavelength λG in the range of 520 nm or more and less than 550 nm. In this example, the wavelength λG is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λG) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Ga is 530 nm. The unit 103 having the spectral characteristic B exhibits a maximum luminance PG of 0.04 cd / m2 or more at a wavelength λG in the range of 400 nm or more and less than 480 nm. B Maximum luminance P of 0.04cd / m2 or more B The maximum brightness P B The wavelength λ B In this example, the wavelength λB is the peak wavelength of the unit 103, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λB) of the unit 103 having the spectral characteristic B is 420 nm.

[0075] In the second embodiment, since the units 101 have the spectral characteristic La, it is possible to preferentially cause the L cone cells to react even in a person having the wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown in Figures 12(b) and (c), for example. Therefore, it is possible to improve the discrimination ability of red in a person with color vision deficiency.

[0076] In addition, the unit 101 requires a function to make the L cone cells respond, and the cone cells have a response rate of 0.04 cd / m 2Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 is 0.04 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The luminance of unit 101 is 0.04 cd / m2 in integrated photometric luminance. 2 The display device 1 has a region where color creation is easy, which is the photopic region, and has a brightness of 5 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 is 5 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 101 is preferably 5 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 For ergonomic reasons, the brightness of the display should be 35 cd / m 2 It is considered preferable to have a brightness of 100 cd / m or more, and if the ambient light is bright, the brightness should be 100 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 in the second embodiment is also 35 cd / m 2 More preferably, the luminance of the unit 101 in the second embodiment is 35 cd / m2 in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 101 in the second embodiment is preferably 100 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0077] The wavelength λL at which the unit 101 of the second embodiment exhibits a maximum luminance PL is in a wavelength region in which the sensitivity of the cone cells is low compared to the wavelengths λG and λB of the other units 102 and 103. Therefore, it is preferable that the maximum intensity PL of the unit 101 be set higher than the maximum intensities PG and PB of the other units 102 and 103.

[0078] In the second embodiment, the luminance of the spectral characteristic La at a wavelength λR less than 650 nm is more than half of the maximum luminance PL. The luminance of the spectral characteristic La at 650 nm is also more than half of the maximum luminance PL. For this reason, in this example, the half-width (spectral half-width) FWHM(L) of the spectral characteristic La at the maximum luminance PL is set to 50 nm or more. In this example, the half-width FWHM(L) is 70 nm. The spectral half-width for a certain luminance is the wavelength width in which the relative luminance is 50% or more of a certain luminance in the spectral distribution of the light output. In this way, by increasing the luminance of the spectral characteristic La at a wavelength λR less than 650 nm, the luminance is guaranteed in the wavelength region less than 650 nm in the emission of the unit 101, and the rod cells can also be stimulated. As a result, the photosensitivity can be secured especially in the mesopic vision region.

[0079] In addition, the maximum luminance of the unit 101 in the wavelength region less than 650 nm is preferably lower than the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 in the wavelength region of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. In this way, even if the unit 101 is made relatively bright, the rod cells are not excessively stimulated and the perception of blue-green is not excessively increased, so that the hue correction in mesopic vision is easy. Since the wavelength region of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less is an area in which the sensitivity of L cone cells is low, it is preferable that the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 is set higher than the maximum luminance PG of the unit 102 and the maximum luminance PB of the unit 103.

[0080] The luminance of the spectral characteristic Ga at 520 nm is more than half of the maximum luminance PG. The half-width FWHM(G) of the spectral characteristic Ga at the maximum luminance PG is more than 50 nm. In this example, the half-width (spectral half-width) FWHM(G) is 60 nm. By increasing the luminance of the spectral characteristic Ga at wavelengths of 480 to 520 nm in this way, the luminance is also guaranteed in the wavelength range of 480 to 520 nm in the emission of the unit 102. Therefore, it becomes possible to stimulate the M cone cells, and the discrimination between red and green colors can be improved, especially in the range close to green.

[0081] The pixel arrangement of the element unit 10 in this embodiment is not particularly limited. For example, it may be a stripe arrangement as shown in FIG. 5(a), an S-stripe arrangement as shown in FIG. 5(b), a honeycomb structure or a pentile structure as shown in FIG. 5(c), or the like. As shown in FIGS. 5(a) to 5(e), it is preferable that the unit 101 exhibiting the spectral characteristic La is larger than the other units 102 and 103. By making the unit 101 relatively larger, the light intensity in the wavelength region of 650 nm or more can be improved, and the amount of light necessary for the reaction of the L cone cells can be secured.

[0082] In addition, the method of making the unit 101 of this embodiment have a peak wavelength of 670 nm and a half width of 70 nm may be realized by appropriately preparing a color filter using a color resist or quantum dots, or by appropriately selecting a light-emitting material such as an organic material or an inorganic material.

[0083] <Third embodiment> An example of the spectral characteristics of the display device 1 in the third embodiment is shown in Fig. 6(a). In the third embodiment, the types of the display units 100 described in the first embodiment are three types: unit 101, unit 102, and unit 103. Fig. 6(a) shows the spectral characteristic Lb of the unit 101, the spectral characteristic M of the unit 102, and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103. The spectral characteristics in Fig. 6(a) are normalized and expressed by the peak luminance of each display unit. The spectral characteristic B is the same as in the second embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0084] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb has a spectral characteristic of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb has a maximum luminance PL of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The maximum brightness PR is 0.08 cd / m2 or more. Therefore, the unit 101 is the integrated photometric brightness of 0.08 cd / m2. 2or more. The maximum luminance PR in the spectral radiance is lower than the maximum luminance PL in the spectral radiance. In this example, the maximum luminance PR in the spectral radiance is less than half of the maximum luminance PL in the spectral radiance, but the maximum luminance PR in the spectral radiance may be half or more of the maximum luminance PL in the spectral radiance. In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb is 680 nm. In this example, the wavelength λR is 620 nm.

[0085] Unit 101 is required to activate the L cone cells, and the cone cells have a response rate of 0.04 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 is 0.04 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The luminance of unit 101 must be 0.04 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 The display device 1 has a region where color creation is easy, which is the photopic region, and has a brightness of 5 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PL of unit 101 is 5 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 It is preferable that the luminance of the unit 101 is 5 cd / m or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 For ergonomic reasons, the luminance of the display device should be 35 cd / m 2 It is considered preferable to have a brightness of 100 cd / m or more, and if the ambient light is bright, the brightness should be 100 cd / m 2 Therefore, the integrated luminance PL of the unit 101 in the third embodiment is preferably 35 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 More preferably, the luminance of the unit 101 of the third embodiment is 35 cd / m2 or more in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 101 in the third embodiment is preferably 100 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λM in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm. 2Therefore, the unit 102 is the integrated photometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m 2 or more. In this example, the wavelength λM is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λM) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M is 500 nm. In the third embodiment, the unit 101 has the spectral characteristic Lb, so that the L cone cells can be made to react preferentially even for a person having the wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown in Figures 12(b) and (c), for example. This makes it possible to improve the discrimination of red in persons with color vision deficiency. Similarly, the maximum luminance exhibited by the unit 103 is 0.04 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 If this is the case, the luminance indicated by the unit 103 is 0.04 cd / m2 in integrated photometric luminance. 2 The maximum luminance of unit 103 is 5 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 If this is the case, the luminance of the unit 103 is also an integrated photometric luminance of 5 cd / m 2 This is preferable since it is more than that.

[0086] In the third embodiment, the unit 101 has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The unit 101 exhibits a maximum brightness PR of 550 nm or more. This allows rod cells to be stimulated in the wavelength range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. As a result, photosensitivity can be secured especially in the mesopic vision region. The peak brightness PL of the unit 101 may be higher than the other units 102 and 103. The maximum brightness PR of the wavelength λR of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm is lower than the maximum brightness PL of the wavelength region of 650 nm or more. The maximum brightness PR of the wavelength λR less than 650 nm is less than half of the maximum brightness PL of the wavelength region of 650 nm or more. The brightness at the wavelength of 650 nm may be lower than the wavelength λR less than 650 nm. Therefore, even if the unit 101 is made to emit light relatively strongly, the rod cells are not excessively stimulated, and the hue in mesopic vision is easily corrected. For this reason, it is preferable that the half width FWHM (L) of the spectral characteristic Lb with respect to the maximum brightness PL is less than 50 nm. In this example, the full width at half maximum (FWHM(L)) is 30 nm.

[0087] Furthermore, in the third embodiment, the unit 102 has a luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λ in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm. 2 12(a), (b), and (c) show that in the wavelength region of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm, the response of M cone cells is more likely to be dominant than the response of L cone cells compared to other wavelength regions. In other words, by setting the wavelength λM showing the maximum luminance PM in the unit 102 to 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm, the discrimination ability of the red and green color discrimination, especially in the region close to green, can be improved. In addition, the half-width FWHM(M) for the maximum luminance PM of the spectral characteristic M is less than 50 nm, and the half-width FWHM(G) in this example is 40 nm. In this way, the rod cells are not excessively stimulated, and the hue correction in mesopic vision is easy.

[0088] As described above, according to the third embodiment, even in a person with protanopia and deuteranopia, the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lb can cause the L cone cells to respond more predominantly than the M cone cells. Similarly, the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic M can cause the M cone cells to respond more predominantly than the L cone cells. This further improves the color discrimination ability from green to red.

[0089] Next, an example of the structure of unit 104 of type δ having a sub-peak in the wavelength region of less than 650 nm in this embodiment will be described with reference to FIGS. 6(b) and (c). FIG. 6(b) is an example of the emission spectrum in the wavelength band of 600 to 700 nm of the light-emitting layer 134 in FIG. 3(a). As shown in FIG. 6(b), in the light-emitting layer 134, the maximum luminance at a wavelength λL of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less is weaker in emission intensity than the maximum luminance at a wavelength λR of 600 nm or more and less than 650 nm. Therefore, as shown in FIG. 3(a), the emission spectrum can be adjusted by the color filter array 137 and / or the wavelength adjusting unit 139. For example, the color filters provided in the elements 111 and 114 in the color filter array 137 have the property of transmitting red. In this example, the types α and δ of the red color filters provided in the elements 111 and 114 are the same, but they may be different. FIG. 6(c) shows the wavelength-transmittance characteristics of the wavelength adjusting unit 139 which is a color filter. The wavelength adjusting unit 139 shows different wavelength-transmittance characteristics from the color filters of types α and δ of the color filter array 137. The wavelength adjusting unit 139 has a relatively low transmittance in the wavelength region from 600 nm to 650 nm and a relatively high transmittance in the wavelength region of 650 nm or more. Therefore, when the wavelength adjusting unit 139 is overlaid with the spectral characteristics described in FIG. 6(b), the transmittance at the wavelength λR can be greatly reduced. As a result, the spectral characteristic Lb such that PR < PL shown in FIG. 6(a) can be obtained. Here, an example using the wavelength adjusting unit 139 is shown, but the color filter described in FIG. 6(c) may be used for the color filter of type α used for the element 111. By adjusting the emission spectrum and the transmittance of the color filter in this way, the spectral characteristic Lb can be realized.

[0090] Also, a method of obtaining the maximum luminance PM at a wavelength λM in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm of the spectral characteristic M of this embodiment can also be realized by appropriately creating a color filter using a color resist or quantum dots. It may also be realized by appropriately selecting a light-emitting material such as an organic material or an inorganic material.

[0091] <Fourth embodiment> An example of the spectral characteristics of the display device 1 in the fourth embodiment is shown in Fig. 7. In the fourth embodiment, the types of the display units 100 described in the first embodiment are three types: unit 101, unit 102, and unit 103. Fig. 7 shows the spectral characteristic Lc of the unit 101, the spectral characteristic Gb of the unit 102, and the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103. The spectral characteristics in Fig. 6 are normalized and expressed by the peak luminance of each display unit. The spectral characteristic B is the same as in the second embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted.

[0092] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc has a spectral characteristic of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc has a maximum luminance PL of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The maximum luminance PR is equal to or greater than half of the maximum luminance PR. In this example, the maximum luminance PL is equal to or greater than half of the maximum luminance PR, but the maximum luminance PL may be less than half of the maximum luminance PR. In this example, the wavelength λR is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λR) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Lc is 620 nm. In this example, the wavelength λL is 670 nm.

[0093] In the fourth embodiment, since the units 101 have the spectral characteristic Lc, it is possible to preferentially cause the L cone cells to react even in a person having the wavelength sensitivity characteristics shown in Figures 12(b) and (c), for example. Therefore, it is possible to improve the discrimination of red in a person with color vision deficiency.

[0094] The full width at half maximum FWHM(L) of the spectral characteristic Lc at the maximum luminance PL is less than 50 nm, and in this example, the full width at half maximum FWHM(L) is 20 nm. The full width at half maximum FWHM(G) of the spectral characteristic Gb at the maximum luminance PG is less than 50 nm, and in this example, the full width at half maximum FWHM(G) is 35 nm. In this way, by reducing the full width at half maximum FWFH(L) and the full width at half maximum FWFH(G), excessive stimulation of the M cone cells can be suppressed, and the discrimination between red and green can be improved.

[0095] In the fourth embodiment, the unit 101 has a luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2 The unit 101 exhibits a maximum luminance PR of 550 nm or more. This makes it possible to stimulate rod cells in the wavelength region of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. As a result, light sensitivity can be ensured particularly in the mesopic vision region. The maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 may be higher than that of the other units 102 and 103. The maximum luminance PR in the wavelength region less than 650 nm is higher than the maximum luminance PL in the wavelength region of 650 nm or more. Therefore, if the unit 101 is made to emit light with a relatively strong intensity, it may overstimulate the rod cells in the mesopic vision region, but it is easy to correct the hue in the photopic vision region. Therefore, the maximum luminance PR is set to 5 cd / m, which is the photopic vision region. 2 If the maximum luminance PL is equal to or greater than half of the maximum luminance PR, the unit 101 can sufficiently stimulate the L cone cells.

[0096] To realize the spectral characteristic Lc, a wavelength adjusting section 139 having a relatively high transmittance in the wavelength range of 600 to 650 nm and a relatively low transmittance in the wavelength range of 650 to 700 nm may be used for the light emitting layer 134 having the spectral characteristic shown in FIG. 6(b).

[0097] <Fifth embodiment> An example of the spectral characteristics of the display device 1 in the fifth embodiment is shown in Fig. 8. In the fifth embodiment, the types of the display units 100 described in the first embodiment are four types: unit 101, unit 102, unit 103, and unit 104. Fig. 8 shows the spectral characteristic Ld of the unit 101, the spectral characteristic M of the unit 102, the spectral characteristic B of the unit 103, and the spectral characteristic R of the unit 104. The spectral characteristics in Fig. 8 are normalized by the peak luminance of each display unit and expressed as relative luminance. The spectral characteristic B is the same as in the second to fourth embodiments, and therefore a description thereof will be omitted.

[0098] The unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λR in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm. 2The maximum luminance PR is 104 or more. Therefore, the unit 104 is 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λR is the peak wavelength of the unit 104, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λR) of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R is 600 nm.

[0099] The unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λL in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less. 2 The maximum luminance PL is equal to or greater than 0.04 cd / m. 2 In this example, the wavelength λL is the peak wavelength of the unit 101, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is 670 nm. This allows the L cone cells to react preferentially even for people with wavelength sensitivity characteristics such as those shown in Figures 12(b) and (c), and improves red color discrimination.

[0100] In the fifth embodiment, the spectral radiance of the spectral characteristic Ld at a wavelength of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm is less than half of the maximum luminance PL in the spectral radiance. The spectral radiance of the spectral characteristic Ld at 650 nm is also less than half of the maximum luminance PL in the spectral radiance. In this example, the half width (spectral half width) FWHM(L) of the spectral characteristic Ld with respect to the maximum luminance PL is less than 50 nm. In the fifth embodiment, the display unit 100 has both the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld and the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. The wavelength λR showing the maximum luminance PR in the unit 104 is set to a wavelength region in which the sensitivity of the L cone cells is sufficiently high and the rod cells are also sensitive. That is, in the fifth embodiment, the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R has a function of energetically efficiently promoting the reaction of the L cone cells and at the same time causing the rod cells to react. Therefore, the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld only needs to have the function of making the L cone cells respond more predominantly than the M cone cells. Therefore, by making the full width at half maximum (FWHM) (L) of the unit 101 less than 50 nm, the unit 101 is configured to stimulate the L cone cells while stimulating the M cone cells as little as possible in the wavelength region where there is a difference in response between the L cone cells and the M cone cells. This can improve color discrimination.

[0101] The wavelength λL at which the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld of the fifth embodiment exhibits a maximum luminance PL is in a wavelength region where the sensitivity of the L cone cells is lower than the wavelengths λM and λB at which the other units 102 and 103 exhibit maximum luminances PM and PB. Therefore, it is preferable that the maximum intensity PL of the unit 101 be set higher than the maximum luminances PM and PB of the other units 102 and 103.

[0102] The light with maximum luminance PR of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld of the fifth embodiment cannot be detected by rod cells that are not sensitive to the wavelength region of 650 nm or more. That is, even if the luminance of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is increased in the mesopic vision region, the overreaction of the rod cells and the associated perception of blue-green are unlikely to occur. Therefore, the perception of red can be appropriately enhanced, making it easy to correct color vision.

[0103] An example of the arrangement pattern of the display units 100 in the fifth embodiment is shown in Figs. 9(a) to (f). The four types of display units 100 are composed of units 101, 102, 103, and 104. In this embodiment, the arrangement of the display units 100 may be a stripe arrangement as shown in Fig. 9(a), or an S-stripe arrangement as shown in Figs. 9(b) and 9(c). The arrangement of the display units 100 may be a delta arrangement as shown in Figs. 9(d) to (f), or a pentile arrangement (not shown). As shown in Figs. 9(a) to (f), it is preferable that the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is adjacent to the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. Here, in order to increase the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld, it is preferable that the area of ​​the unit 101 is relatively large. For example, in Figs. 9(b), (c), (e), and (f), the area of ​​the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is larger than the area of ​​the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R.

[0104] In the fifth embodiment, the independently controlled units 101 and 104 can efficiently induce a response from the L cone cells. In addition, the sensitivity difference to the M cone cells can be set arbitrarily without considering the response of the rod cells, improving the freedom of color correction and the energy efficiency of image formation.

[0105] Sixth embodiment An example of the spectral characteristics of the display device 1 in the sixth embodiment is shown in FIG. 10. In the sixth embodiment, the types of the display units 100 described in the first embodiment are five types, namely, unit 105, in addition to the four types of unit 101, unit 102, unit 103, and unit 104. FIG. 10 shows the spectral characteristics Ld of the unit 101, the spectral characteristics Gb of the unit 102, the spectral characteristics B of the unit 103, the spectral characteristics R of the unit 104, and the spectral characteristics M of the unit 105. The spectral characteristics in FIG. 10 are normalized by the peak luminance of each display unit and expressed as relative luminance. The spectral characteristics Ld, R, and B are the same as those in the fifth embodiment, and therefore their explanations will be omitted. The spectral characteristic M is the same as those in the third and fifth embodiments, and therefore their explanations will be omitted.

[0106] The peak wavelength of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb is a wavelength λG in the range from 500 nm, which is the peak wavelength of the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M, to less than 600 nm, which is the peak wavelength of the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. In other embodiments, the peak wavelength of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb may be greater than or equal to 500 nm and less than 600 nm. The unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λG in the range from 520 nm to less than 550 nm. 2 The maximum luminance PG is 0.04 cd / m. 2 In this example, the wavelength λG is the peak wavelength of the unit 102, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λG) of the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb is 530 nm.

[0107] The unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M has a spectrophotometric luminance of 0.04 cd / m at a wavelength λM in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm. 2 Therefore, the unit 102 is 0.04 cd / m 2 In this example, the wavelength λM is the peak wavelength of the unit 105, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λM) of the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is 500 nm.

[0108] The unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is required to have a function of making the M cone cells react, and the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M can preferentially make the M cone cells react. As shown in FIG. 12, the S cone cells react predominantly to wavelengths less than 480 nm, and the sensitivity of the L cone cells increases to wavelengths of 520 nm or more. Therefore, in the sixth embodiment, the wavelength λM at which the spectral characteristic M exhibits the maximum luminance PM is set to a wavelength range of 480 to 520 nm. The half width FWHM(M) for the maximum luminance PM in the spectral characteristic M is set to less than 50 nm.

[0109] In this way, the display device 1 of the sixth embodiment has both the units 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb and the units 105 having the spectral characteristic M. The wavelength λG at which the units 102 exhibit the maximum luminance PG is set to a wavelength region in which the sensitivity of the M cone cells is sufficiently high. That is, in the sixth embodiment, it is sufficient that the units 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb energetically efficiently stimulate the response of the M cone cells, and the units 105 having the spectral characteristic M have the function of increasing the amount of response of the M cone cells more than the amount of response of the L cone cells.

[0110] In addition, the unit 105 requires the function of activating M cone cells, and the M cone cell has a response rate of 0.04 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PM at a wavelength λM of 105 units is 0.04 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The luminance of unit 105 is 0.04 cd / m2 in integrated photometric luminance. 2 The display device 1 has a region where color creation is easy, which is the photopic region, and has a brightness of 5 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PM of unit 105 is 5 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 It is preferable that the luminance of the unit 105 is 5 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 For ergonomic reasons, the luminance of the display device should be 35 cd / m 2 It is considered preferable to have a brightness of 100 cd / m or more, and if the ambient light is bright, the brightness should be 100 cd / m 2 Therefore, the maximum luminance PM of the unit 105 in the sixth embodiment is also 35 cd / m in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 More preferably, the luminance of the unit 105 in the sixth embodiment is 35 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 The luminance of the unit 105 in the sixth embodiment is preferably 100 cd / m2 or more in terms of integrated photometric luminance. 2 More preferably, it is equal to or greater than this.

[0111] Examples of the arrangement pattern of the display units 100 in the sixth embodiment are shown in Figs. 11(a) to (h). The five types of display units 100 are composed of units 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105. In the sixth embodiment, the arrangement of the display units 100 may be a stripe arrangement as shown in Fig. 11(a), or an S-stripe arrangement as shown in Figs. 11(b) to (e). The arrangement of the display units 100 may be a delta arrangement as shown in Figs. 11(f) to (h), or a pentile arrangement (not shown). It is preferable that the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is adjacent to the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R as shown in Figs. 11(a) to (f). Here, in order to increase the maximum luminance PL of the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld, it is preferable to make the area of ​​the unit 101 relatively large. This makes it possible to stimulate the L cone cells even in the wavelength region of 650 to 700 nm where the sensitivity of the L cone cells is low. For example, in Figs. 11(d), (e), and (g), the area of ​​the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld is larger than the area of ​​the unit 104 having the spectral characteristic R. As shown in Figs. 11(a) to (h), the unit 105 having the spectral characteristic M is preferably adjacent to the unit 102 having the spectral characteristic Gb. As shown in Figs. 11(a) and (b), units having other spectral characteristics (e.g., units 103 and 104 having the spectral characteristics B and R) may be interposed between the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld and the units 102 and 105 having the spectral characteristics Gb and M. Since the unit 101 having the spectral characteristic Ld and the units 102 and 105 having the spectral characteristics Gb and M are not adjacent to each other, it becomes easy to distinguish red from green.

[0112] Here, the M cone cells respond sufficiently not only to the light of unit 102 but also to the light of unit 105. Therefore, even if the sizes of units 102 and 105 are set to be, for example, about half that of unit 103, as shown in Figures 12(b) and (c), a sufficient response can be given to the M cone cells. On the other hand, as in the other embodiments, the sensitivity of the L cone cells is low in the light-emitting region of unit 101, so it is preferable to make the size of unit 101 larger than the other units.

[0113] As described above, the display device 1 in the sixth embodiment has five types of units 101, 102, 103, 104, and 105 that are controlled independently. This allows efficient and flexible color correction that improves the green to red color discrimination ability of color vision deficiency. In addition, since images can be displayed using only conventional RGB pixels, convenience for color vision normal people is also improved.

[0114] Seventh embodiment As the seventh embodiment, a description will be given of the operation of the display device 1. The seventh embodiment is applicable to any of the first to sixth embodiments.

[0115] The display device 1 uses a signal RGB including data corresponding to the R, G, and B values ​​of the RGB color space. If the image signal SIG input to the display device 1 is not a signal RGB including data corresponding to the R, G, and B values ​​of the RGB color space, for example, a signal SIG based on a non-RGB color space such as a YUV color space, an XYZ color space, or a CMY color space may be input. In that case, the display device 1 may include a conversion unit that converts the signal SIG based on the non-RGB color space into a signal RGB based on the RGB color space. The RGB color space includes the sRGB color space and the AdobeRGB color space. The YUV color space includes the YCbCr color space and the YPbPr color space. The CMY color space includes the CMYK color space.

[0116] Based on the signal RGB, the driving section 60 generates a driving signal DRV suitable for the structure of the element section 10. In the first to sixth embodiments, the units 101 and 104 exhibit a luminance according to the R value. The units 102 and 105 exhibit a luminance according to the G value. The unit 103 exhibits a luminance according to the B value. Since the unit 101 is provided to discriminate red, the unit 101 should be used to display the R channel of the image in the first place. Therefore, the units 101 and 104 exhibit a luminance according to the R value. Similarly, since the unit 105 is provided to discriminate green, the unit 105 should be used to display the G channel of the image. Therefore, the units 102 and 105 exhibit a luminance according to the G value. Each of the multiple units 101 changes in luminance in conjunction with any of the multiple units 104. In detail, each of the multiple units 101 changes in luminance within one second before and after the luminance change of any of the multiple units 104. Of course, each of the multiple units 101 may change in luminance simultaneously with the change in luminance of any of the multiple units 104. Similarly, each of the multiple units 105 changes in luminance in conjunction with the change in luminance of any of the multiple units 102. In detail, each of the multiple units 105 changes in luminance within one second before and after the change in luminance of any of the multiple units 102. Of course, each of the multiple units 102 may change in luminance simultaneously with the change in luminance of any of the multiple units 105.

[0117] The control unit 40 is equipped with a database 20 that stores color vision information. The control unit 40 has a function of calculating the gain of RGB signals required for correction based on the color vision information in the database 20. The control unit 40 then creates a correction table for RGB signals for each color and sends it to the drive unit 60.

[0118] The driving unit 60 adjusts the input signal SIG using a control signal CTRL sent from the control unit 40. The adjusted driving signal DRV is output to the element unit 10. The driving unit 60 can apply different gains to the driving signal DRV when driving the unit 101 and the driving signal DRV when driving the unit 104, for the driving signal DRV based on the R value. The driving unit 60 can apply different gains to the driving signal DRV when driving the unit 102 and the driving signal DRV when driving the unit 105, for the driving signal DRV based on the G value.

[0119] The color vision information of the database 20 may include a plurality of patterns. For example, the color vision information may include a first pattern corresponding to normal color vision, a second pattern corresponding to protanopia, and a third pattern corresponding to deuteranomalous color vision. An instruction signal CLB from a user instructing an adjustment is input to the display device 1. Based on the instruction signal CLB, one pattern is selected from the plurality of patterns of color vision information stored in the database 20. The control unit 40 creates a correction table for each color based on the selected pattern, and sends a control signal CTLR based on the correction table to the drive unit 60. Note that, when the first pattern corresponding to normal color vision is selected as the color vision information stored in the database 20, the control unit 40 may not send the control signal CTRL, and the drive unit 60 may output a standard drive signal DRV.

[0120] As described above, according to this embodiment, even for people with protanopia and deuteranopia, the sensitivity difference between the L cone cells and the M cone cells can be easily created by the light of unit 101 of type α, making it possible to perform optimal color correction for each person.

[0121] Eighth embodiment The eighth embodiment is a form that can be combined with the seventh embodiment. The control unit 40 may include a color vision testing means 30. In the eighth embodiment, a person can input his / her own color vision information to the display device 1. The color vision information is the wavelength sensitivity functions of L, M, and S cone cells and the color matching functions of RGB pixels assumed therefrom. Alternatively, color vision information newly created by the color vision testing means 30 may be selected. In this embodiment, the display device 1 may have the color vision testing means 30. The color vision testing means 30 may be realized by a hardware circuit, or may be realized by a processor (MPU, FPGA, DSP, etc.) and software. It may also be realized by a combination of these.

[0122] The color vision test method may be a program created based on a pseudoisochromatic table. A pseudoisochromatic table is a table of numbers drawn using color combinations that are difficult for people with color vision deficiencies to understand, and whether or not a person has normal color vision can be determined by whether or not the numbers can be read correctly. Furthermore, even if the numbers cannot be read, most people can read them correctly by adjusting the gain of the RGB pixels. The amount of gain adjustment of the RGB pixels performed at that time can be used to estimate the person's color vision information.

[0123] The color vision test is not particularly limited, including whether it has a function or not, and the method is not particularly limited either, and may be a hue array test instead of a pseudoisochromatic test.

[0124] In the color vision testing method for the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment, when making adjustments so that numbers on a pseudoisochromatic chart can be distinguished, gain adjustment of the unit 101 of type α is also performed. As an example, Table 2 shows the correction results of any image that can be obtained in the color vision testing of the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment.

[0125] [Table 2]

[0126] When a person has protanopia as shown in Figure 12(b), the response of L cone cells to red light is inferior to that of a person with normal color vision. Therefore, a correction is made to increase the emission intensity of red light. Also, since the emission intensity of unit 104 of type δ is increased, the M cone cells react excessively, so a correction is made to decrease the emission intensity of unit 102 of type β to counteract this.

[0127] Furthermore, if a person has type 1 color vision, the illumination of the type δ unit 104 is unlikely to cause a difference in the amount of response between the L cone cells and the M cone cells. Here, the illumination of the type α unit 101 allows the L cone cells to react in any amount without causing the M cone cells to react excessively. Therefore, when it is necessary to cause the L cone cells to react predominantly to the M cone cells, a correction is also made to illuminate the type α unit 101 with an intensity that causes the L cone cells to react sufficiently.

[0128] In the case of a person with deuteranopia as shown in FIG. 12(c), the M cone cells overreact to the light emitted by the unit 104 of type δ, so that the difference in the amount of reaction between the L cone cells and the M cone cells is unlikely to occur. On the other hand, in the light emitted by the unit 101 of type α, the reaction of the L cone cells is dominant over the M cone cells. Therefore, when it is necessary to make the L cone cells react predominantly over the M cone cells, a correction is made to weaken the light emission intensity of the unit 104 of type δ and to increase the light emission intensity of the unit 101 of type α instead. Note that the light sensitivity of the L cone cells in the light emission region of the unit 101 of type α is significantly lower than that of the unit 104 of type δ. Therefore, when the light emission intensity of the unit 104 of type δ is weakened, the light emission intensity of the unit 101 of type α is corrected by an increase amount that exceeds the decrease amount. In addition, since the M cone cells overreact to the light emitted by the unit 104 of type δ, a correction is also made to weaken the light emission intensity of the unit 102 of type β to counteract this.

[0129] From the results of the multiple image corrections performed as described above, human color vision information is estimated, and the amount of gain adjustment for each pixel is determined. In this case, the color vision test is not particularly limited, including the presence or absence of a function, and the method is not particularly limited, and may be a hue array test instead of a pseudoisochromatic test. The method of adjusting the gain for each pixel is also not limited to the above.

[0130] The color vision testing method for the display device 1 of the sixth embodiment is not significantly different from the color vision testing method for the display device 1 of the fifth embodiment. However, when making adjustments so that numbers on the pseudoisochromatic chart can be distinguished, in this embodiment, gain adjustment of the unit 105 of type ε is also added. As an example, Table 3 shows the correction results of any image that can be obtained in the color vision testing of the display device 1 of the sixth embodiment.

[0131] [Table 3]

[0132] When a person has protanopia as shown in FIG. 12(b), the L cone cells overreact to the light emitted by the unit 102 of type β, so that the difference in the amount of reaction between the L cone cells and the M cone cells is unlikely to occur. On the other hand, in the light emitted by the unit 105 of type ε, the reaction of the M cone cells is dominant over the L cone cells. Therefore, when it is necessary to cause the M cone cells to react dominantly over the L cone cells, a correction is made to weaken the light emission intensity of the unit 102 of type β and to increase the light emission intensity of the unit 105 of type ε instead. However, since the light emitted by the unit 105 of type ε also stimulates the reaction of the S cone cells, a correction is also made to weaken the luminance (light emission intensity) of the unit 103 of type γ to counteract this. Note that the amount of reaction of the L cone cells to the light emitted by the unit 104 of type δ in a person with protanopia is inferior to that in a person with normal color vision, but this correction is almost the same as that described in the embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted here.

[0133] When a person has deuteranopia as shown in FIG. 12(c), the amount of reaction of M cone cells to the emission of the unit 102 of type β is less than that of a person with normal color vision. However, if the emission intensity of the unit 102 of type β is increased, the L cone cells will react excessively. Therefore, the amount of reaction is corrected by the emission of the unit 105 of type ε. In addition, since the S cone cells react excessively to the amount of emission of the unit 105 of type ε, a correction is also performed to weaken the luminance (emission intensity) of the unit 103 of type γ to cancel this. Note that in a person with deuteranopia, the amount of reaction of M cone cells to the emission of the unit 104 of type δ is excessive compared to a person with normal color vision, but this correction is almost the same as that described in the third embodiment, so a description thereof will be omitted here.

[0134] From the results of the multiple image corrections performed as described above, human color vision information is estimated, and the amount of gain adjustment for each pixel is determined. In this case, the color vision test is not particularly limited, including the presence or absence of a function, and the method is not particularly limited, and may be a hue array test instead of a pseudoisochromatic test. The method of adjusting the gain for each pixel is also not limited to the above. EXAMPLES

[0135] In this embodiment, a display device 1 having a three-color color filter array 137 disposed on a light-emitting layer 134 that emits white light by electroluminescence of an organic material as shown in FIG. 3(a) will be described. The element 111 in this embodiment does not include a wavelength adjustment section 139 separate from the color filter as in the element 111 in FIG. 3(a), and the spectral characteristics described below are achieved by adjusting the spectral transmittance of the color filter itself. The dimensions (pixel size) of the element (pixel) that serves as the display unit are 1 to 10 μm, typically about 5 to 10 μm, and the area of ​​one pixel is 1 to 100 μm. 2 , typically 25-100 μm 2 In this example, the pixel size is 7 μm and the pixel area is about 50 μm 2The pixels of three colors (red, green, and blue) classified according to the colors of the color filters are arranged in a delta pattern as shown in Figure 9(d). The diagonal dimension of the display area is typically 0.1 inches (2.54 mm) to 1 inch (25.4 mm), and in this example it is 0.5 inches (12.7 mm).

[0136] An example of the spectral radiance characteristics of this display device 1 is shown in Fig. 13(b). The spectral radiance characteristics in Fig. 13(b) are shown in absolute luminance without normalization, and the spectral radiance when the display device 1 is set to display at the highest level is shown in absolute luminance without normalization. In other words, the spectral radiance in Fig. 13(b) is the maximum spectral radiance for each wavelength of each display unit. In the display device 1 of this embodiment, when all display units are displayed at the maximum integrated radiance and integrated photometric luminance, the spectral radiance is 500 to 1000 cd / m 2 By changing the design of the display device 1 and changing the specifications such as power consumption and life span, it is possible to obtain an integrated photometric luminance of 1000 to 5000 cd / m 2 It is also possible to obtain an integrated photometric luminance of

[0137] The element 111 having a red color filter is a type α unit 101 having the spectral characteristic LR of FIG. 13(b). In the unit 101, the light of a wavelength of 550 nm or less is so weak that it can be almost ignored, so the display of the spectral characteristic LR of the wavelength of 550 nm or less is omitted in FIG. 13(b). This unit 101 exhibits a maximum luminance PL at a wavelength λL of 650 nm or more and less than 700 nm, as described in the third embodiment. Moreover, the unit 101 exhibits a maximum luminance PR at a wavelength λR of 600 nm or more and less than 650 nm, as described in the third embodiment. In this way, the unit 102 exhibits maximum luminance PR, PL at wavelengths λR, λL of 600 nm or more and less than 700 nm. The maximum luminance PL is higher than the maximum luminance PR and is the maximum of the spectral radiance of visible light exhibited by the unit 101, so the peak wavelength of the unit 101 is the wavelength λL, and the peak luminance of the unit 101 is the maximum luminance PL. In this example, the wavelength λL is 660 nm, and the wavelength λR is 610 nm. As can be seen from FIG. 13(b), the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are 0.01 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, referring to FIG. 13(a), the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are 0.04 cd / m 2 It will be understood that the above is the case. In addition, the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are 1 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 That's all. The maximum luminance PL is 5cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 Although the maximum luminance PR is less than 5 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance, 2 That's all. The maximum luminance PL in this example is 0.021 W / sr / m 2 / nm, which, according to equation (5), is 1 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 In this example, the maximum luminance PR is 0.018 W / sr / m 2 / nm, which, according to equation (5), is 6.9 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 The sum of the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λR and the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λL is 7.9 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of unit 101, including other wavelengths, is 5 cd / m 2 Above 5cd / m 2It may be the above. Comparing the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR, the maximum luminance PL is higher than the maximum luminance PR in spectrophotometric luminance, but the maximum luminance PR is higher than the maximum luminance PL in spectral radiance. That is, the peak wavelength of the unit 101 is the wavelength λL, but the dominant wavelength of the unit 101 is the wavelength λR, and the peak wavelength (wavelength λL) of the unit 101 is longer than the dominant wavelength (wavelength λR) of the unit 101. Therefore, the unit 101 can be viewed as a red color that is less unnatural from general red by a person with normal color vision, and further, it is viewed as a red color that is more easily distinguishable from green by a person with color vision deficiency.

[0138] The element 112 having a green color filter is a type β unit 102 having the spectral characteristic GY of FIG. 13(b). The unit 102 exhibits a maximum luminance PG at a wavelength λG of 500 nm or more and less than 550 nm. The element 112 also exhibits a maximum luminance PY at a wavelength λY of 550 nm or more and less than 600 nm. Thus, the element 112 exhibits maximum luminances PG and PY at wavelengths λG and λY of 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm. The maximum luminance PG is higher than the maximum luminance PY and is the maximum of the spectral radiance of visible light exhibited by the unit 102, so the peak wavelength of the unit 102 is the wavelength λG, and the peak luminance of the unit 102 is the maximum luminance PG. In this example, the wavelength λG is 525 nm, and the wavelength λY is 565 nm. As can be seen from FIG. 13(b), the maximum luminances PG and PY are 0.01 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, referring to FIG. 13(a), the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are 0.04 cd / m 2 It will be understood that the above is the case. In addition, the maximum luminance PL and the maximum luminance PR are 1 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 or more, and moreover, 5 cd / m 2 That's all. The maximum luminance PG in this example is 0.03 W / sr / m 2 / nm, which, according to equation (5), is 16 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 In this example, the maximum luminance PY is 0.01 W / sr / m 2 / nm, which, according to equation (5), is 6.8 cd / m2 in spectrophotometric luminance. 2The sum of the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λG and the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λY is 22.8 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of unit 102 including other wavelengths is 5 cd / m 2 Above 35cd / m 2 It could be more than that.

[0139] The element 113 having a blue color filter is a unit 103 of type γ having the spectral characteristic B in FIG. 13(b). Since the light of wavelengths of 550 nm or more is so weak that it can be almost ignored in the unit 103, the display of the spectral characteristic B of wavelengths of 550 nm or more is omitted in FIG. 13(b). The unit 103 exhibits a maximum luminance PB at a wavelength λB of 400 nm or more and less than 500 nm. The wavelength λB is preferably 400 nm or more and less than 480 nm. Since the unit 102 does not exhibit a maximum luminance at wavelengths other than the wavelength λB, the peak wavelength of the unit 103 is the wavelength λB, and the peak luminance of the unit 103 is the maximum luminance PB. In this example, the wavelength λB is 455 nm. As can be seen from FIG. 13(b), the maximum luminance PB is 0.01 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, referring to FIG. 13(a), the maximum luminance B is 0.04 cd / m2 in terms of spectrophotometric luminance. 2 It will be understood that the maximum brightness PB is 0.02 W / sr / m 2 / nm or more, the maximum luminance PB is 1cd / m in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 Above 5cd / m 2 The maximum luminance PG in this example is 0.035 W / sr / m 2 / nm, which, according to equation (5), is a spectrophotometric luminance of 1.7 cd / m 2 The sum of the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λG and the spectrophotometric luminance at wavelength λY is 22.8 cd / m 2 The integrated photometric luminance of unit 101, including other wavelengths, is 5 cd / m 2 Above 35cd / m 2 It could be more than that.

[0140] The relationship of the maximum luminances PL, PR, PY, PG, and PB in spectral radiance is PY < PR < PL < PG < PB, as understood from Fig. 13(b). Thus, it is preferable that the maximum luminance PL as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λL of unit α is higher than the maximum luminance PR as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λR of unit α (PR < PL). It is preferable that the maximum luminance PL as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λL of unit α is higher than the maximum luminance PY as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λY of unit β (PY < PL). In this example, although the maximum luminance PL as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λL of unit α is lower than the maximum luminance PG as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λG of unit β (PL < PG), it is also preferable that it is higher (PG < PL). In this example, although the maximum luminance PL as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λL of unit α is lower than the maximum luminance PB as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λB of unit γ (PL < PB), it is also preferable that it is higher (PB < PL). The maximum luminance PL as spectral radiance may be the maximum among the spectral radiance presented at the peak wavelengths of the three units 101, 102, and 103. That is, PG < PB < PL or PB < PG < PL may be satisfied. Thus, making the maximum luminance PL in spectral radiance as high as possible is advantageous for improving the discrimination of red color for color vision-deficient people. It is also preferable that the maximum luminance PB as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λB of unit γ is higher than the maximum luminance PG as the highest spectral radiance at the wavelength λG of unit β (PG < PB). This is because the visual efficiency for blue light is lower than that for green light, and by increasing the spectral radiance of blue light, the spectral photometric luminance of blue light is also increased to obtain a good color tone. In this example, the relationship of the maximum luminances PL, PR, PY, PG, and PB in spectral photometric luminance is PL < PB < PY < PR < PG, as understood from the above-described spectral photometric luminance. The maximum luminance PL as spectral photometric luminance may be the minimum among the spectral photometric luminance presented at the peak wavelengths of the three units 101, 102, and 103. That is, PL < PB < PG or PL < PG < PB may be satisfied.In this way, it is advantageous to reduce the maximum luminance PL as a spectrophotometric luminance as possible in order to reduce the discomfort caused by the color of the image. However, the maximum luminance PL required to sufficiently stimulate the L cone cells is 0.04 cd / m in spectrophotometric luminance. 2 More than 1cd / m 2 It is preferable that the optical density is 5 cd / m or more. 2 As described above, the above is preferable.

[0141] In this example, the light-emitting layer 134 that emits white light is shared by each color unit, and the colors are separated by the color filter array 137, so that the unit 102 that exhibits green can also exhibit a maximum luminance in the vicinity of the wavelength λR at which the unit 102 that exhibits red exhibits a maximum luminance PR. Similarly, the unit 102 that exhibits green can also exhibit a maximum luminance in the vicinity of the wavelength λB at which the unit 103 that exhibits blue exhibits a maximum luminance PB. If the unit 102 has a large maximum luminance outside the wavelength range of 500 to 600 nm, the discrimination of green can be reduced. Therefore, it is preferable that the luminance exhibited by the unit 102 at a wavelength λR of 600 nm or more is lower than the luminance exhibited by the unit 101 in the vicinity of this wavelength λR. Similarly, it is preferable that the luminance exhibited by the unit 102 at a wavelength λB of less than 500 nm is lower than the maximum luminance exhibited by the unit 103 at this wavelength λB. In addition, when comparing maximum luminances at the same wavelength, the luminous efficiency is equal, so the relationship between the high and low spectrophotometric luminance and the high and low spectral radiance is not reversed, and this comparison is valid for both spectrophotometric luminance and spectral radiance. Similarly, it is preferable that the luminance exhibited by unit 101 and unit 103 at wavelengths λG and λY is lower than the maximum luminance exhibited by unit 102 at these wavelengths λG and λY. In addition, it is preferable that the luminance exhibited by unit 101 and unit 102 at wavelength λB is lower than the maximum luminance exhibited by unit 103 at this wavelength λB.

[0142] The present invention is not limited to the above-described embodiments, and various modifications are possible. For example, an example in which a part of the configuration of any of the embodiments is added to another embodiment, or an example in which a part of the configuration of another embodiment is replaced with another embodiment is also an embodiment of the present invention.

[0143] The above-described embodiments can be modified as appropriate without departing from the technical concept. The disclosure of this specification includes not only what is described in this specification, but also all matters that can be understood from this specification and the drawings attached hereto. The disclosure of this specification also includes the complement of the concepts described in this specification. In other words, if this specification contains a statement that "A is greater than B," for example, this specification can be said to disclose that "A is not greater than B" even if the statement that "A is not greater than B" is omitted. This is because when it is stated that "A is greater than B," it is assumed that the case in which "A is not greater than B" is taken into consideration. [Explanation of symbols]

[0144] 11, 12 Light source 1 Display device 10. Element section 110 elements 120 pixels 100 Display Units 101 Units 102 Units PL,PS maximum value λL,λS Wavelength

Claims

1. A display device that uses a light source to display a plurality of display units, The plurality of display units includes a first type of unit, the peak wavelength of the first type of unit is a first wavelength in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less; The plurality of display units does not include a display unit having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm, The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first type of unit exhibits a luminance of 0.04 cd / m2 or more.

2. the plurality of display units includes a second type of unit, The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the second type of units exhibit a maximum luminance at a second wavelength in the range of 400 nm or more and less than 450 nm.

3. A display device that displays a plurality of display units using an electroluminescent light source, the plurality of display units include a first type of unit and a second type of unit, The first type of unit exhibits a maximum brightness at a first wavelength in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less, The second type of unit exhibits a maximum brightness at a second wavelength in the range of 400 nm or more and less than 450 nm; A display device, characterized in that a maximum spectral radiance at the first wavelength of the first type of unit is higher than a maximum spectral radiance at the second wavelength of the second type of unit.

4. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the luminance of the first type of unit is 5 cd / m 2 or more.

5. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the luminance of the first type of unit is 35 cd / m 2 or more.

6. 6. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the first wavelength is λL [nm], the standard spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision at the first wavelength is V(λL), and the spectral radiance at the first wavelength is 0.04 / (683*V(λL)) [W / sr / m2 / nm] or more.

7. A display device that uses a light source to display a plurality of display units, the plurality of display units include a first type of unit and a second type of unit having structures different from each other, The first type of unit exhibits a maximum brightness at a first wavelength in the range of 650 nm or more and 700 nm or less, The second type of unit exhibits a maximum brightness at a second wavelength in the range of 400 nm or more and less than 450 nm; The first type of unit has a spectral radiance of 1 / (683*V(λL)) [W / sr / m2 / nm] or more at the first wavelength, where λL [nm] is the first wavelength and V(λL) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision at the first wavelength, The display device is characterized in that the second type of unit exhibits a spectral radiance of 5 / (683*V(λS)) [W / sr / m2 / nm] or more at the second wavelength, where λS [nm] is the second wavelength and V(λS) is the standard spectral luminous efficiency for photopic vision at the second wavelength.

8. The plurality of display units includes a third type of unit, The display device according to claim 3 , wherein the third type of units exhibit maximum luminance at a third wavelength in the range of 500 nm or more and less than 600 nm.

9. The plurality of display units includes a third type of unit, 8. The display device according to claim 3, wherein the third type of units exhibit maximum luminance at a third wavelength in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

10. 10. The display device according to claim 1, wherein the plurality of display units includes a fourth type of unit, and the fourth type of unit exhibits maximum luminance at a fourth wavelength in the range of 520 nm or more and less than 550 nm.

11. The display device according to claim 10 , wherein the fourth wavelength is a peak wavelength of the fourth type of unit.

12. The display device according to claim 3 , wherein the first type of units exhibit a maximum luminance at a fifth wavelength in the range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

13. The display device according to claim 12 , wherein a spectral radiance of the first type of unit at the fifth wavelength is lower than a spectral radiance of the first type of unit at the first wavelength.

14. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein a half width for the spectral radiance at the first wavelength of the first type of unit is 50 nm or more.

15. The display device according to claim 3 , wherein the plurality of display units does not include a display unit having a peak wavelength in the wavelength range of 550 nm or more and less than 650 nm.

16. The display device according to claim 3 , wherein the first wavelength is a peak wavelength of the first type of unit.

17. The display device according to claim 8 , wherein the third type of unit exhibits a luminance of 0.04 cd / m 2 or more.

18. The display device according to claim 17 , wherein the third wavelength is a peak wavelength of the third type of unit.

19. The display device according to claim 17 or 18, wherein a half width for the spectral radiance of the first type of unit at the first wavelength is less than 50 nm.

20. The display device according to claim 17 , wherein the first type of unit changes in luminance within one second before and after a change in luminance of the third type of unit.

21. The plurality of display units includes at least one sixth type unit exhibiting a luminance of 0.04 cd / m2 or more; The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the sixth type of units exhibit maximum luminance at a sixth wavelength in the range of 480 nm or more and less than 520 nm.

22. The display device according to claim 21 , wherein the sixth wavelength is a peak wavelength of the sixth type of unit.

23. 23. The display device according to claim 21, wherein the sixth type of unit exhibits a luminance of 5 cd / m2 or more.

24. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein a peak wavelength and a dominant wavelength of the first type of unit are different from each other.

25. 25. The display device according to claim 1, wherein a signal including data corresponding to R values, G values, and B values ​​in an RGB color space is input to the display device, and the first type of unit exhibits a luminance according to the R value.

26. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the first type of unit has a portion that emits light by electroluminescence.

27. 27. The display device of claim 2, wherein an element among the plurality of elements corresponding to the first type of unit includes a first color filter, and an element among the plurality of elements corresponding to the second type of unit includes a second color filter having transmission characteristics different from those of the first color filter.

28. The display device according to claim 1 , wherein the first type of unit has a portion that emits light by photoluminescence.

29. A display device according to any one of claims 1 to 28, and a signal generating device that generates a signal to be input to the display device.

30. A display device according to any one of claims 1 to 28, and an imaging device that captures an image displayed by the display device.

31. 31. The device of claim 29 or 30, wherein the device is a wearable device.

32. 30. The device of claim 29, wherein the device is one of an electronic signboard, a traffic signal, and an in-car display.

Images