Drive system for a switch and method for driving a switch - Patents.com

Abstract

A drive system 3 for a diverter 1, 30 and a method for driving at least one diverter 1, 30 are disclosed. A drive shaft 16 connects the drive system 3 to the at least one diverter 1, 30. A motor 12 serves to drive the drive shaft 16. A feedback system 4 is configured to determine the position of the drive shaft 16 and generate a feedback signal based on the position. A controller 2 affects the operation of the motor 12 in response to the feedback signal, and the controller 2 selects a travel profile 22 to affect the motor 12 accordingly.

Description

[Technical Field]

[0001] The present invention relates to a drive system for a switch and a method for driving a switch. [Background technology]

[0002] To control the voltage in different transformers, there are many different types of switches for different tasks and different requirements. To operate each switch, it must be driven by a drive system. These switches can be, in particular, on-load tap changers, load change switches, selectors, multiple change-over switches, transfer switches or preselectors.

[0003] A drive for one of the above-mentioned tap changers is known, for example, from DE 10 05 04 13 52. The drive for an on-load tap changer has a motor rigidly connected to the corresponding on-load tap changer via a rod. It is operated by a wire connection, so to speak, by operating a motor contactor, which starts or stops the motor. The on-load tap changer is then operated via a drive shaft. After assembly and commissioning, functional modifications of the drive are not possible. This makes the drive rigid and inflexible. Even the simplest adaptations require complex retrofitting measures. [Prior art documents] [Patent documents]

[0004] [Patent Document 1] German Utility Model No. 202010011521 Summary of the Invention [Problem to be solved by the invention]

[0005]

[0006] It is therefore an object of the present invention to provide an improved method for driving a changer, in particular an on-load tap changer, a load change-over switch, a selector, a multiple change-over switch, a change-over switch or a preselector, which increases the flexibility and safety of the drive during change-over.

[0006] Another object of the present invention is to provide a method for driving at least one switch using an improved scheme for driving the switch, thereby increasing the flexibility and safety of the drive during switching. [Means for solving the problem]

[0007] The object of the present invention is achieved by a drive system for at least one switch having the features of claim 1.

[0008] Another object of the present invention is achieved by a method for driving at least one switch having the features of claim 14.

[0009] The drive system according to the present invention includes a drive shaft adapted for at least one diverter and connecting the drive system to the at least one diverter. At least one motor is provided coupled to the drive shaft. A feedback system is provided configured to determine a position of the drive shaft. A feedback signal is generated based on the position. The control device is configured to select a stored travel profile from among a plurality of travel profiles in response to the feedback signal. The selected travel profile acts on the motor accordingly.

[0010] The control device has a control unit and a power section, the power section being used to provide energy to at least one motor, and the stored travel profile is stored in a memory of the power section, or alternatively, the travel profile is stored in a memory of the control device or the control unit.

[0011] In one possible implementation of the invention, the feedback system comprises at least one absolute encoder constructed and arranged to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft or of another shaft connected to the drive shaft, capable of generating at least one output signal based on the detected position, and configured to detect the position of the drive shaft based on the at least one output signal.

[0012] The absolute encoder can be implemented as a multi-turn rotary encoder or a single-turn rotary encoder.

[0013] In one possible implementation of the invention, the absolute encoder may be configured to detect the position of the drive shaft or the position of another shaft based on a first scanning method, which may be an optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive scanning method.

[0014] In one embodiment of the present invention, the feedback system may include at least one absolute encoder and an auxiliary contact configured and arranged in combination with the absolute encoder to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft or an absolute position of another shaft connected to the drive shaft. At least one output signal is generated based on the detected position. The position of the drive shaft is determined based on the at least one output signal.

[0015] The absolute encoder can be realized as a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder. The auxiliary switch can be realized as at least one microswitch or a resolver.

[0016] This progression profile is defined by two variables and projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as an nth-order polynomial function.

[0017] In one alternative embodiment of the invention, the drive system can be configured such that the controller acts on two motors, with at least one optional two power section, each motor working in cooperation with a common power section, or each motor working in cooperation with its own power section.

[0018] In the present invention, the controller is configured to operate in cooperation with one of the motors, which follows the progression profile of the actual value of the feedback system of the other motor.

[0019] The method for driving at least one switching device according to the present invention is characterized in that the drive system has a drive shaft connected to at least one motor. Before starting the switching, a travel profile is selected, which describes the operation of the drive system for switching from a current switching position to a reachable switching position. During operation of the drive system, a feedback system detects the position of the drive shaft of the at least one motor. A feedback signal is generated from the detected actual value of the drive shaft position. By comparing the actual value of the drive shaft position with the travel profile, it is determined whether there is a deviation between the actual value and the travel profile. If there is a deviation, the at least one motor is controlled so that the deviation between the actual value and the travel profile is minimized. When an achievable switching position is reached, the drive system is stopped.

[0020] The advantage of the method according to the invention is that the use of a travel profile allows for a high degree of flexibility and variability when switching with a switcher: mechanical changes at the switcher that could affect the switching are eliminated by the use of a travel profile and can therefore be adapted according to the travel profile.

[0021] At least one travel profile is determined for the drive shaft driving the diverter. Typically, multiple travel profiles are determined for a diverter. The at least one determined travel profile is stored for use during diverting.

[0022] The absolute position of the drive shaft or another shaft is determined by at least one absolute encoder of the feedback system, where at least one output signal is generated based on the detected position, which signal identifies the position of the drive shaft.

[0023] The control device has a control unit and / or a power unit, which controls at least one motor in an open-loop or closed-loop manner so that the switching position to be reached by the travel profile is reached within the time specified by the travel profile.

[0024] Each of these progression profiles is defined by two variables and is a two-dimensional, nth-order polynomial function constructed in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system.

[0025] The travel profile defines the speed or torque of at least one motor, and in this case also defines what torque or what speed the motor achieves on the drive shaft at what time or at what position of the drive shaft.

[0026] This improved approach is based on the idea that a feedback system and a control device are provided in the drive system driving the switch, making it possible to operate the switch according to a predetermined travel profile. Typically, for example, an on-load tap changer is operated so that a motor operates a drive shaft at a constant speed, which moves the selector contacts in parallel and stores energy in a spring-loaded energy store that, after release, acts on the load changer. This improved drive system can drive the drive shaft according to a desired, so-called preselected, travel profile. This travel profile defines not only the speed but also the torque. This travel profile also defines what torque or speed is realized on the drive shaft at what time or at what position of the drive shaft. By utilizing such a travel profile, it is possible to influence the desired switching configuration of the switch. In this way, it is possible to increase the speed or torque depending on the position of the drive shaft. Since various operating components of a switch are arranged on the drive shaft, they can be clearly addressed. Thus, for example, at the beginning of switching, a higher torque is required to open or activate the contacts. Shortly thereafter, the torque can be reduced. This is possible precisely because of the travel profile. The feedback signal compares the current position of the drive shaft, i.e., the actual value, with the travel profile, i.e., the target value. This makes the system flexible and safe.

[0027] The term "drive shaft position" encompasses any measurable quantity that can unambiguously determine the position of the drive shaft, possibly within an acceptable range.

[0028] In at least one embodiment, the drive system is used to drive the changer, the shaft of the on-load tap changer or a corresponding component of the on-load tap changer, thereby enabling the on-load tap changer to perform one or more operations, for example switching between two winding taps of the operating means, part of a switch, for example a load change, a selector operation or a preselector operation.

[0029] In at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmissions, to the diverter, in particular to the shaft of the diverter.

[0030] In at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmissions, to the on-load tap changer, in particular to the shaft of the on-load tap changer.

[0031] In at least one embodiment, the drive shaft is connected directly or indirectly, in particular via one or more transmissions, to a motor, in particular to a motor shaft of the motor.

[0032] In at least one embodiment, the position, in particular the absolute position, of the motor shaft coincides with the position of the drive shaft, i.e. the position of the drive shaft can be deduced unambiguously from the position of the motor shaft, possibly within a tolerance range.

[0033] In at least one embodiment, "acting" includes open-loop control, closed-loop control, braking, accelerating, or stopping the motor. Closed-loop control includes, for example, closed-loop control of positioning, closed-loop control of velocity, closed-loop control of acceleration, or closed-loop control of rotational moment. At least in the case of such closed-loop control, the drive system can be said to be a servo drive system.

[0034] In at least one embodiment, the drive system comprises a monitoring unit configured to monitor one or more operations of the switch based on the feedback signal, in particular to monitor whether individual operations or parts have been successfully performed, in particular within predefined time slots.

[0035] In at least one implementation, the control device includes a control unit and a power section for supplying energy to the motor in an open-loop or closed-loop controlled manner, the control unit configured to drive the power section, and the power section storing at least one travel profile composed of two variables and projectable onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as an nth-order polynomial function.

[0036] In at least one embodiment, the power unit is configured as an inverter or servo inverter or equivalent electronic unit for the drive machine, in particular as a full electronic unit.

[0037] In different implementations, the controller includes, in whole or in part, a feedback system.

[0038] The absolute positions of the drive shafts can for example be compared by the control device, and if the deviation is large the control device can output an error message or initiate safety measures.

[0039] In at least one implementation, the feedback system is configured to detect a rotor position of the motor and determine a value related to the position of the drive shaft as a function of the rotor position.

[0040] In at least one implementation, the rotor position is the angular region of the motor's rotor, possibly combined with the number of revolutions the rotor makes.

[0041] For example, the control device can accurately determine the position or absolute position of the motor shaft up to at least 180°, depending on the rotor design, particularly the number of pole pairs. The reduction in speed using one or more gearboxes significantly increases the achievable accuracy of the drive shaft position. In this case, the control device's evaluation essentially corresponds to a virtual encoder function. Therefore, even if the absolute encoder of the feedback system completely fails, it is still possible to maintain at least one emergency operation and / or move the on-load tap changer to a safe position.

[0042] In at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes an absolute encoder constructed and arranged to sense an absolute position of the drive shaft or another shaft coupled to the drive shaft and to generate at least one output signal based on the sensed position, and the feedback system is configured to determine a value related to the position of the drive shaft based on the at least one output signal.

[0043] In at least one embodiment, the absolute encoder is fixed, directly or indirectly, to the motor shaft, drive shaft, or a shaft coupled thereto.

[0044] In at least one implementation, the absolute encoder comprises a multi-turn rotary encoder or a single-turn encoder.

[0045] In at least one implementation, the absolute encoder is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft or another shaft based on a scanning method.

[0046] In at least one implementation, the scanning method includes optical, magnetic, capacitive, resistive, or inductive scanning methods.

[0047] In at least one embodiment, the feedback system includes an encoder and auxiliary contact combination constructed and arranged to detect an absolute position of the drive shaft or another shaft connected to the drive shaft and generate at least one output signal based on the detected position, and the feedback system is configured to detect a value related to the position of the drive shaft based on the at least one output signal.

[0048] In at least one embodiment, the encoder and auxiliary contacts are fixed, directly or indirectly, to the motor shaft, drive shaft, or a shaft coupled thereto.

[0049] In at least one implementation, the encoder is implemented as a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder, and the auxiliary switch is implemented as at least one microswitch, a resolver or a sine-cosine encoder.

[0050] In at least one implementation, the encoder and auxiliary contacts are configured to detect the position of the drive shaft or another shaft based on a scanning method.

[0051] In at least one implementation, this progression profile can be constructed from two variables and projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as an nth-order polynomial function.

[0052] In at least one implementation, these variables are direct or indirect quantities of the drive system, such as time, the rotation angle of the drive shaft, current, voltage, speed, torque or acceleration.

[0053] In at least one implementation, one variable each is constituted by an axis of a Cartesian coordinate system.

[0054] In at least one implementation, the controller can act on a second motor.

[0055] In at least one embodiment, the controller can have a second power section acting on a second motor.

[0056] In at least one implementation, the controller acts on the second motor such that the second motor follows a progression profile of the actual value of the feedback system of the first motor.

[0057] In at least one implementation, the changer may be configured as an on-load tap changer, a load changer, a selector, a multiple change-over switch, a transfer switch, or a pre-selector.

[0058] The improved approach also presents a method for driving a diverter, the method including determining and selecting, by a controller, a travel profile for a drive shaft for driving the diverter, generating a feedback signal based on the position of the drive shaft, and controlling a motor for driving the diverter in response to the feedback signal and the travel profile.

[0059] The present invention will be explained in detail below by way of examples and with reference to the drawings. Components that are the same, functionally the same, or perform the same effect may be given the same reference numerals. Components that are the same or have the same function are specifically shown only in the drawing in which they first appear. The explanation is not necessarily repeated in subsequent drawings. [Brief explanation of the drawings]

[0060] [Figure 1] Schematic diagram of an embodiment of a drive system according to the improved method. [Figure 2a] 1 is a graphical representation of a travel profile for the present drive system, showing the angle of rotation of the drive shaft as a function of time. [Figure 2b]1 is a graphical representation of a travel profile for the drive system, showing rotational moment as a function of the rotation angle of the drive shaft. [Figure 3] FIG. 1 is another schematic diagram of an embodiment of a drive system with an improved scheme for multiple switches. [Figure 4] 1 is a schematic diagram of an embodiment of an improved drive system with multiple power sections; [Figure 5] Schematic diagram of a drive for an on-load tap changer that can switch between different taps (switching positions) on a transformer [Figure 6] 1 is a flow chart of a method for driving a switch according to the present invention; DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0061] The same reference numerals are used for the same or similarly functioning components of the invention. Furthermore, for clarity, only the reference numerals necessary to describe each drawing are shown in the individual drawings. The drawings merely represent embodiments of the invention, but the invention is not limited to the illustrated embodiments.

[0062] FIG. 1 shows a schematic diagram of an embodiment of a drive system 3 for a diverter 1. The drive system 3 is connected to the diverter 1 via a drive shaft 16. The drive system 3 comprises a motor 12, which can drive the drive shaft 16 via a motor shaft 14 and, optionally, via a transmission 15. A control device 2 for the drive system 3 comprises a power section 11, e.g., with an inverter (not shown), which supplies energy to the motor 12 in an open-loop or closed-loop controlled manner, and a control unit 10, which drives the power section 11, e.g., via a bus (not shown). The drive system 3 comprises an encoder system 13 connected to the power section 11, which serves as or is part of the feedback system 4. The encoder system 13 is further coupled, directly or indirectly, to the drive shaft 16.

[0063] The encoder system 13 is configured to detect at least one first value relating to the position, in particular the angular position, e.g., the absolute angular position, of the drive shaft 16. To this end, the encoder system 13 can comprise, for example, an absolute encoder, in particular a multi-turn absolute encoder, fixed to the drive shaft 16, the motor shaft 14, or another shaft whose position is uniquely associated with the absolute position of the drive shaft 16. However, the encoder system 13 can also comprise one or more of a single-turn absolute encoder, a virtual encoder, and an auxiliary switch. For example, the position of the drive shaft 16 can be uniquely determined from the position of the motor shaft 14, e.g., via the gear ratio of a transmission.

[0064] The feedback system 4 is configured to detect a value related to the position of the drive shaft 16 .

[0065] The control device 2 , in particular the control unit 10 and / or the power part 11 , is configured to perform open-loop or closed-loop control of the motor 12 depending on a feedback signal based on values ​​generated by the feedback system 4 .

[0066] The power unit 11 has a memory 5 in which a travel profile 22 (not shown) is stored. An encoder system 13 used as a feedback system 4 communicates the shaft position to the power unit 11 and thereby monitors whether the drive shaft 16 is running correctly along the travel profile 22 or adheres to given parameters. The travel profile 22 can also be stored in the control device 2 or in a control unit.

[0067] The power unit 11 stores a plurality of travel profiles 22. The control unit 10 selects one of the travel profiles 22.

[0068] FIG. 2a illustrates a possible travel profile 22 of the motor 12 with respect to the switching operation of the switch 1. This travel profile 22 is an example of an nth-order polynomial function of two variables plotted in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 20. In the travel profile 22 illustrated in FIG. 2a, time t, i.e., the length of time during which the drive shaft 16 operates the motor 12, is plotted on the X-axis 24. The rotation angle ω of the drive shaft 16 is plotted on the Y-axis 25. The quantities plotted on the axes 24 and 25 in FIG. 2a are merely examples and should not be understood as limiting the present invention. The variables plotted on the X-axis 24 and the Y-axis 25 can be direct or indirect quantities of the drive system 3. Direct quantities can be, for example, time t, the rotation angle of the drive shaft 16, current, or voltage. Indirect quantities can be speed, torque, acceleration, or similar quantities.

[0069] 2b illustrates a possible travel profile 22 of the motor 12 with respect to the switching operation of the switch 1, plotted in a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system 20. Here, the indirect quantity of the torque M(t) is plotted as a function of the angle of rotation ω, illustrated as an nth-order polynomial function. In the travel profile 22 illustrated in FIG. 2b, the angle of rotation ω is plotted on the X-axis 24. The torque M(t) acting on the drive shaft 16 is plotted on the Y-axis 25.

[0070] This travel profile 22 defines a target value along which the drive shaft 16 should move. When moving along the travel profile 22, the actual value detected by the feedback system 4 may have a deviation from the target value. Depending on a given possible deviation of the actual value from the target value, the action on the motor 12 can be interrupted or continued. This deviation can be set manually or determined by a learning process.

[0071] FIG. 3 illustrates the drive system 3, which drives the two switches 1 and 30. A second encoder system 13, also used as a feedback system 4, transmits or queries the position of the second drive shaft 16 to the power unit 11 and thereby monitors whether the second drive shaft 16 is operating correctly along the travel profile 22 or whether it adheres to a given amount. In this case, both motors 12 and 32 can follow the given travel profile 22, or one of the motors 12 can operate along the given travel profile 22 while the second motor 32 follows the actual value of the first motor 12, i.e., in a "master-slave" function. The second motor 32 receives the corresponding data from the power unit 11. This ensures that both switches 1 and 30 operate along the same travel profile 22 at the same time t, with only a slight time offset. If both had to operate independently of each other along the same travel profile 22, a disturbance or delay in one of the switches 1, 30 could cause the second switch to complete faster, resulting in synchronous operation and therefore in a loss of synchronized switching. However, this may be exactly what is needed in some cases. A "master-slave" operation can ensure safer parallel operation.

[0072] FIG. 4 illustrates an embodiment of the drive system 3 in which the second power unit 40 includes a separate motor 32 and feedback system 4. Again, both motors 12, 32 can follow a given travel profile 22, or one motor 12 can follow the travel profile 22 while the second motor 32 follows the actual value of the first motor 12 provided by the first feedback system 4, i.e., in a "master-slave" configuration. This advantageous embodiment allows for parallel operation of multiple switches that are spatially separated from one another. The power units 11, 40 are connected to one another by a field bus 6, such as a PowerLink. Only data is exchanged; no energy is transmitted. Furthermore, for economic reasons, it may be advantageous to use several smaller power units instead of one large power unit.

[0073] 5 shows a schematic structure of the driving scheme of the changer 1, 30 configured as an on-load tap changer 170. In this case, the changer positions N1, N2, ..., N3 are connected to different taps of the control winding 19 of the transformer 180. N The individual switching positions N1, N2, ..., N N Although the description of the present invention is limited to the on-load tap changer 170, it should not be construed as a limitation of the present invention. It will be apparent to those skilled in the art that this drive scheme may also be used in load changeover switches, selectors, multiple changeover switches, diverter switches, or preselectors.

[0074] To drive the selector 18 and the load changer switch 17, a motor 12 is provided which acts via a transmission 15 on an on-load tap changer 170 with the selector 18 and the load changer switch 17. The motor 12 acts via a motor shaft 14 and a drive shaft 16 on the on-load tap changer 170 to move it in the upward direction N+ to the switching position N N to the next highest switching position N N+1 or down to N-position N to the next lowest switching position N N-1In this case, the selector selects the switching position (tap position) to be switched in advance, and the load switching switch carries out the actual load switching.

[0075] 6 shows a flow chart of a method for driving at least one switching device 1, 30 according to the invention. This at least one switching device 1, 30 has at least one drive system 3 with a drive shaft 16 connected to at least one motor 12. The respective switching positions N A Switching position N accessible from (see Figure 5) E (see FIG. 5) can be described by a progression profile 22 that can be described and / or represented by an n-th degree polynomial. This switching can be performed both in the upward direction N+ and in the downward direction N-. Before this switching, the respective switching position N A Switching position N that can be reached from E A travel profile 22 is selected that describes the operation of the drive system 3 to switch from one motor to another. During operation of the drive system 3, a feedback system 4 detects the position of the drive shaft 16 of the at least one motor 1, 30. The detected position of the drive shaft 16 is defined by an actual value of the position of the drive shaft 16. A feedback signal is generated from the detected position of the drive shaft 16.

[0076] This selected travel profile 22 may be, for example, a profile of the current switching position N A Switching position N that can be reached from E 1 represents the target value (series of target values) that the drive system 3 must execute in order to achieve the changeover to . In the present invention, the actual value of the position of the drive shaft 16 is compared with the travel profile 22 (target value), ideally in real time or after a slight delay. From this comparison, it is possible to determine whether there is a deviation between the actual value and the travel profile 22.

[0077] If there is a deviation between the actual values ​​and the travel profile 22, the control device 2 intervenes and controls at least one motor 12 in such a way as to minimize the deviation between the actual values ​​and the travel profile 22. During the execution of the travel profile, a comparison is always carried out between the actual values ​​and the travel profile 22 (setpoint values). If a deviation is detected, the control device 2 carries out a corresponding counter-control (e.g. increasing / reducing the torque of the motor 12, increasing / reducing the rotation speed of the motor 12, etc.). Reachable switching positions N E , the drive system 3 is stopped. Another changeover can then be initiated, possibly with another travel profile 22. If this deviation exceeds a predefined magnitude, the changeover can be interrupted. The entire system is then shut down and the drive shaft, and therefore the changeover switch, is returned to its starting position, with the changeover switch being returned to a defined safe position. For this purpose, the travel profile 22 selected at the start can be executed in reverse, or another travel profile can be selected and executed by the control device 2 or the control unit 10.

[0078] This travel profile is determined for each switch whose motor is to drive the drive shaft 16 in an ideal manner. This at least one predetermined travel profile is stored for use during switching. For this purpose, a suitable memory device can be provided.

[0079] The absolute position of the drive shaft 16 or of another shaft is determined by at least one encoder system 13 of the feedback system 4 .

[0080] The control device 2 comprises a control unit 10 and / or a power unit 11, by means of which the at least one motor 12 is controlled to reach a switching position N 1 which is to be reached by the travel profile 22 within a time defined by the travel profile 22. E and, due to the predefined travel profile 22, approximately reaches this switching position N E The control is open-loop or closed-loop controlled to reach

[0081] The travel profile 22 defines, for example, the speed or torque of the at least one motor 12. The travel profile 22 thus defines what torque or what speed the motor 12 should achieve for the drive shaft 16 at what time or at what position of the drive shaft 16. A control device is then used to control the motor 12 accordingly, so that the provisions of the travel profile 22 are realized.

[0082] The present invention has been described with respect to specific implementations, and it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that modifications and variations can be made without departing from the scope of protection set forth above. The present application relates to the invention described in the claims, but may also include the following configurations as other aspects. 1. A drive system (3) for at least one switch (1, 30), comprising: A drive system having a drive shaft (16) connecting the drive system (3) with the at least one switch (1, 30), and at least one motor (12) coupled to the drive shaft (16), a feedback system (4) configured to determine a position of the drive shaft (16) and generate a feedback signal based on the position; and a control device (2) that selects one stored travel profile (22) from a plurality of travel profiles in response to the feedback signal and acts on the motor (12) in accordance with the selected travel profile (22). 2. In the drive system (3) described in 1 above, The drive system, wherein the control device (2) comprises a control unit (10) and a power section (11), the power section (11) being used to supply energy to the at least one motor (12), and the stored travel profile (22) being stored in a memory (5) of the power section (11). 3. In the drive system (3) described in 1 or 2 above, The feedback system (4) has at least one encoder system (13) configured and arranged to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the drive shaft (16), and based on the detected absolute position, at least one output signal is generated that makes it possible to detect the position of the drive shaft (16). 4. In the drive system (3) described in 3 above, A drive system in which the encoder system (13) comprises an absolute encoder implemented as a multi-turn rotor encoder or a single-turn rotary encoder. 5. In the drive system (3) according to the above 3 or 4, A drive system, wherein the encoder system (13) is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft (16) or a position of another shaft based on a first scanning method. 6. In the drive system (3) described in 5 above, A drive system wherein the scanning method comprises optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive scanning methods. 7. In the drive system (3) described in 1 or 2 above, The feedback system (4) includes at least one encoder system (13) and an auxiliary contact, which are configured and arranged in combination to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the drive shaft (16) and to generate at least one output signal based on the detected position, and the feedback system is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft (16) based on the at least one output signal. 8. In the drive system (3) described in 7 above, A drive system in which the encoder system (13) is configured as an absolute encoder realized as a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder, and the auxiliary contact is realized as at least one microswitch or a resolver. 9. In the drive system (3) according to any one of 1 to 8 above, A drive system in which said travel profile (22) is defined by two variables and projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as an nth-order polynomial function. 10. In the drive system (3) according to any one of 1 to 9 above, A drive system in which the control device (2) acts on two motors (12). 11. In the drive system (3) described in 10 above, The drive system in which the control device (2) has two power units (4, 40), one of which operates in cooperation with one of both motors (12), respectively. 12. In the drive system (3) according to any one of 1 to 11 above, The drive system in which the control device (2) operates in cooperation with one of the two motors (12) so that this one motor follows the progression profile (22) of the actual value of the feedback system (4) of the other motor (12). 13. In the drive system (3) according to any one of 1 to 12 above, A drive system in which the changer (1) is an on-load tap changer, a load changeover switch, a selector, a multiple changeover switch, a transfer switch or a pre-selector. 14. A method for driving at least one diverter (1, 30) by a drive system (3) having a drive shaft (16) connected to at least one motor (12), comprising: Before starting the changeover, the current changeover position (N A ) and the switch position (N E a step in which a travel profile (22) is selected that describes the operation of the drive system (3) for switching to During operation of the drive system (3), a feedback system (4) senses the position of the drive shaft (16) of the at least one motor (1, 30), the sensed position of the drive shaft (16) defining an actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16); generating a feedback signal from the detected actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16); comparing the actual position of the drive shaft (16) with the travel profile (22) to determine whether there is a deviation between the actual position and the travel profile (22); If a deviation exists, the at least one motor (12) is controlled to minimize the deviation of the actual value from the travel profile (22); This achievable switching position (N E and stopping the drive system (3) when the drive system (3) reaches the target position (3). 15. 14. The method according to claim 14, The method comprises determining at least one travel profile (22) for a drive shaft (16) for driving a changeover device (1, 30), and storing the at least one determined travel profile (22) for use during changeover. 16. 16. The method according to claim 14 or 15, A method in which the absolute position of said drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft is determined by at least one encoder system (13) of said feedback system (4). 17. 17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, The control device (2) has a control unit (10) and / or a power unit (11) by which the at least one motor (12) is controlled to reach a switching position (N) to be reached by the travel profile (22) within a time defined by the travel profile (22). E ) is controlled by open-loop or closed-loop control. 18. 17. The method according to any one of claims 14 to 16, The method wherein said progression profile (22) is an nth degree polynomial function defined by two variables and projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (20). 19. 19. The method according to any one of the above 16 to 18, The travel profile (22) defines the speed or torque of the at least one motor (12), and the travel profile (22) defines what torque or what speed the motor (12) will achieve on the drive shaft (16) at what time or at what position of the drive shaft (16). [Explanation of symbols]

[0083] 1,30 Switch 2. Control device 3. Drive System 4. Feedback System 5. Memory 6 Fieldbus 10. Control Unit 11,40 Power part 12 motors 13,32 encoder system 14 Motor shaft 15,34 gearbox 16,31 Drive shaft 170 On-load tap changer 17 Load switching switch 18 Selector 19 Control Winding 20 Coordinate Systems 22 Progression Profile 24 X-axis 25 Y-axis N1,N2,...,N N Switching position N+ rising direction N- Downward direction N A Switching position at each time N E Reachable switching positions t time ω rotation angle M(t) rotational moment

Claims

1. A drive system (3) for at least one switch (1, 30), comprising: The drive system (3) comprises a drive shaft (16) connecting the at least one changer (1, 30) and at least one motor (12) coupled to the drive shaft (16), the changer being configured as an on-load tap changer (170), in which changer positions (N) connected to different taps of a control winding (19) of a transformer (180) are １ , N ２ . . . N Ｎ ) in said drive system, a feedback system (4) configured to determine a position of the drive shaft (16) and generate a feedback signal based on the position; a control device (2) that selects one stored travel profile (22) from a plurality of travel profiles in response to the feedback signal and acts on the motor (12) in accordance with the selected travel profile (22); The motor (12) acts on the on-load tap changer (170) to change the switching position (N １ , N ２ . . . N Ｎ ) and The travel profile (22) defines the speed of the at least one motor (12), and the travel profile (22) defines what speed the motor (12) will achieve on the drive shaft (16) at what position of the drive shaft (16).

2. A drive system (3) according to claim 1, The control device (2) comprises a control unit (10) and a power section (11), the power section (11) being used to supply energy to the at least one motor (12), and the stored travel profile (22) being stored in a memory (5) of the power section (11).

3. A drive system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, The feedback system (4) has at least one encoder system (13) configured and arranged to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the drive shaft (16), and at least one output signal that enables the position of the drive shaft (16) to be detected based on the detected absolute position is generated.

4. A drive system (3) according to claim 3, A drive system in which the encoder system (13) comprises an absolute encoder realized as a multi-turn rotor encoder or a single-turn rotary encoder.

5. A drive system (3) according to claim 3 or 4, A drive system, wherein the encoder system (13) is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft (16) or a position of another shaft based on a first scanning method.

6. A drive system (3) according to claim 5, A drive system wherein the scanning method comprises optical, magnetic, capacitive or inductive scanning methods.

7. A drive system (3) according to claim 1 or 2, The feedback system (4) has at least one encoder system (13) and an auxiliary contact, which are constructed and arranged in combination to detect the absolute position of the drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft connected to the drive shaft (16) and to generate at least one output signal based on the detected position, and the feedback system is configured to detect the position of the drive shaft (16) based on the at least one output signal.

8. A drive system (3) according to claim 7, The drive system, wherein the encoder system (13) is configured as an absolute encoder realized as a single-turn rotary encoder, an incremental encoder or a virtual encoder, and the auxiliary contact is realized as at least one microswitch or a resolver.

9. A drive system (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 8, A drive system in which said travel profile (22) is defined by two variables and is projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system as an nth-order polynomial function.

10. A drive system (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 9, A drive system in which said control device (2) acts on two motors (12).

11. A drive system (3) according to claim 10, A drive system in which the control device (2) has two power units (4, 40), one of which operates in cooperation with one of both motors (12), respectively.

12. A drive system (3) according to any one of claims 1 to 11, The drive system is such that the control device (2) operates in cooperation with one of the two motors (12) so that this motor follows the progression profile (22) of the actual value of the feedback system (4) of the other motor (12).

13. At least one changer (1, 30) is driven by a drive system (3) having a drive shaft (16) connected to at least one motor (12), said changer being configured as an on-load tap changer (170), in which switching positions (N) connected to different taps of a control winding (19) of a transformer (180) are １ , N ２ . . . N Ｎ ) in which Before the start of switching of the on-load tap changer (170), the respective switching positions (N Ａ ) reachable switching positions (N Ｅ a travel profile (22) is selected that describes the operation of the drive system (3) for switching to During operation of the drive system (3), a feedback system (4) detects the position of the drive shaft (16) of the at least one motor (1, 30), the detected position of the drive shaft (16) defining an actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16); generating a feedback signal from the detected actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16); comparing the actual value of the position of the drive shaft (16) with the travel profile (22) to determine whether there is a deviation between the actual value and the travel profile (22); If a deviation exists, the at least one motor (12) is controlled to minimize the deviation of the actual value from the travel profile (22); This achievable switching position (N Ｅ and stopping the drive system (3) when the drive system (3) reaches the The travel profile (22) defines the speed of the at least one motor (12), and the travel profile (22) defines what speed the motor (12) achieves on the drive shaft (16) at what position of the drive shaft (16).

14. 14. The method of claim 13, A method in which at least one travel profile (22) for a drive shaft (16) for driving a changeover device (1, 30) is determined, and the at least one determined travel profile (22) is stored for use during changeover.

15. 15. The method of claim 13 or 14, A method in which the absolute position of said drive shaft (16) or the absolute position of another shaft is determined by at least one encoder system (13) of said feedback system (4).

16. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, The control device (2) has a control unit (10) and / or a power unit (11), which controls the at least one motor (12) to reach a switching position (N) to be reached by the travel profile (22) within a time defined by the travel profile (22). Ｅ ) is controlled by open-loop or closed-loop control.

17. The method according to any one of claims 13 to 15, A method in which said progression profile (22) is an nth degree polynomial function defined by two variables and projected onto a two-dimensional Cartesian coordinate system (20).

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