ANTENNA APPARATUS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ANTENNA APPARATUS, RADAR AND TERMINAL

Abstract

This application provides an antenna apparatus, a method for producing an antenna apparatus, a radar, and a terminal. It relates to the field of sensor technologies and can be applied to the field of autonomous driving or intelligent driving. The antenna apparatus includes a first antenna arrangement, which includes at least one antenna unit. Within the first antenna unit, the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit. The first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder. A first angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder satisfies 0. <?<ß

Description

ANTENNA APPARATUS, METHOD FOR PRODUCING THE ANTENNA APPARATUS, RADAR AND TERMINAL FIELD OF INVENTION This application relates to the field of sensor technologies, and more specifically, to an antenna apparatus, a method for producing an antenna apparatus, a radar, and a terminal in the field of sensor technologies. BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION With the development of society, smart terminals such as intelligent transportation devices, smart home devices, and robots are gradually becoming part of people's daily lives. Sensors play a crucial role in smart terminals. Various sensors, such as millimeter-wave radar, laser radar, cameras, and ultrasonic radar, mounted on the smart terminal, detect the surrounding environment, collect data, identify and track moving objects, identify static scenes (such as lane markings or signs), and plan a route based on navigation and map data while the smart terminal is in motion. The sensor can detect potential hazards in advance and assist in taking, or even autonomously take, the necessary measures to avoid them, thus effectively improving the safety and convenience of the smart terminal. In an example where the smart terminal is an intelligent transportation device, millimeter-wave radar becomes a primary sensor for an unmanned driving system and driver assistance system due to its relatively low cost and mature technology. Currently, more than ten functions have been developed for Advanced Driver Assistance Systems (ADAS), including Adaptive Cruise Control (ACC), Autonomous Emergency Braking (AEB), Lane Change Assist (LCA), and Blind Spot Monitoring (BSD), all of which rely on millimeter-wave radar. From the perspective of detection scenarios and radar implementation functions, the antenna used by the radar is required to have a relatively wide beamwidth of 3 dB. This relatively wide beamwidth of 3 dB ensures a relatively large detection angle in the horizontal direction. Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing antenna structure. The existing antenna structure uses a series feed configuration. However, the 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna structure shown in Figure 1 is relatively small. Consequently, the horizontal detection angle amplitude is also relatively small. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION The modalities of this application provide an antenna apparatus, a method for producing an antenna apparatus, a radar and a terminal, for extending a beamwidth of 3 dB from an antenna structure. According to a first aspect, one embodiment of this application provides an antenna apparatus, which includes a first antenna arrangement. The first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feed subunit. The first feed subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder. An included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is a first included angle Θ, where 0 < θ < 90°. An included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second included angle β, where 0 < β < 180°. The first included angle Θ is an included acute angle formed between the first patch subunit and the first feeder in a physical space. The first patch subunit and the first feeder may be connected within a physical structure or indirectly within a physical structure. The second included angle β is an included acute angle or an included obtuse angle formed between the first feeder and the second feeder in a physical space. The first feeder and the second feeder may be connected within a physical structure or indirectly within a physical structure. Here, a connection within a physical structure means there is an actual connection point, and an indirect connection within a physical structure means there is no actual connection point, and the connection is made by means of indirect coupling, or the connection is made using another cable. In this form of application, the antenna apparatus may be used on a radar or other apparatus that has a signal transmission and / or reception function. The antenna apparatus may include one or more antenna arrangements, and the first antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna units. In the antenna apparatus in this modality of this application, the first patch subunit and the first feed form the included angle Θ, and the first feed and the second feed form the included angle β, so that the first antenna arrangement forms a smaller physical aperture in a second direction. In this way, the first The QO71 RP / RP7RP7 / □ / YILI antenna arrangement can have a 3 dB wider beamwidth and therefore a larger detection angle amplitude in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the first patch subunit is connected in series to the first feed subunit, providing a wider impedance bandwidth and improved impedance matching. Additionally, the radiation element of the first antenna unit utilizes a series connection between the first patch subunit and the first feed subunit, allowing the energy from the first antenna unit and the energy from an adjacent antenna unit to overlap in phase. Therefore, radiation efficiency is higher, and the ability to convert electromagnetic waves is stronger under the same input conditions. This can reduce unnecessary energy loss. In one possible implementation, the second included angle β is twice the first included angle Θ, or a difference between the second included angle β and twice the first included angle θ satisfies a specific threshold. In one possible implementation, the first patch subunit, the first feeder, and the second feeder are arranged sequentially in a first direction, and the first feeder is located between the first patch subunit and the second feeder in the first direction. In a possible implementation, the first antenna arrangement is located on an upper surface of a first dielectric layer, and the first direction is an arrangement and extension direction of the antenna units in the first antenna arrangement, on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and the second direction is a direction in which the upper surface of the first dielectric layer is perpendicular to the first direction. In a possible implementation, the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in the first direction. In one possible implementation, one end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit, and the other end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. The first end of the first feeder and the first patch subunit may be connected in a physical structure or in a coupled manner. In a possible implementation, the first antenna unit further includes: a first transmission line, where the first transmission line connects to the first patch subunit, and the first transmission line connects to a first end of the first feeder. The first patch subunit connects to the first feeder via the first transmission line, and the first patch subunit connects indirectly to the first feeder in a physical structure. In this way, in a case where a QO71 t?n / R7R7 / □ / YILI The length of the first feeder remains unchanged and the angle included between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is fixed, the first antenna unit forms a smaller physical opening in the second direction, so that the first antenna unit can have a beamwidth 3 dB wider in the horizontal plane. In one possible implementation, the first antenna unit further includes a second transmission line, where one end of the second transmission line is connected to one end of the first feed. The other end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feed. In this way, if the length of the first feed and the length of the second feed remain unchanged and the angle between the first and second feeds is fixed, the first antenna unit forms a smaller physical aperture in the second direction, thus providing the first antenna unit with a 3 dB wider beamwidth in the horizontal plane. In one possible implementation, a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. In a possible implementation, the first patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or an included angle between the first patch subunit and the second direction is less than a first angle value. In a possible implementation, the first antenna unit also includes a second patch subunit. In one possible implementation, the width of the second patch subunit in the first direction is different from the width of the first patch subunit. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction. In a possible implementation, a sum of included physical angles between the second patch subunit and the first feeder and between the second patch subunit and the second feeder is equal to the second included angle β. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit connects to the second end of the first feeder. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit and the first patch subunit are located on either side of the first feeder in the second direction. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or an included angle between the second patch subunit and the second direction is less than a first angle value. QO71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ In a possible implementation, an included angle between the first feeder and the second direction is a third included angle, an included angle between the second feeder and the second direction is a fourth included angle, and a difference between the third included angle and the fourth included angle is less than a first amplitude. In a possible implementation, the third included angle is the same as the fourth included angle. In one possible implementation, the first feeder and the second feeder are technically symmetrical using the second direction as a symmetrical axis. In one possible implementation, the physical aperture of the antenna unit in the second direction is L, where 0.2λ < I < 0.75λ, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to the operating frequency of the antenna apparatus. The first patch subunit and the first feed form the included angle Θ, and the first feed and the second feed form the included angle β, such that the first antenna arrangement forms a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction. In this way, the first antenna arrangement can have a 3 dB wider beamwidth and, therefore, a larger detection angle in the horizontal plane. In one possible implementation, the second included angle β satisfies 68° < β < 88°, so the first antenna arrangement forms a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, and the energy of the first antenna unit and the energy of an adjacent antenna unit can overlap in phase, thus satisfying a high-gain requirement. Furthermore, a wider impedance bandwidth is provided, resulting in a better impedance matching characteristic. Therefore, radiation efficiency is higher. In a possible implementation, the at least one antenna unit also includes a second antenna unit, and the first antenna unit is connected to the second antenna unit. In a possible implementation, the second antenna unit is the same as the first antenna unit, or the second antenna unit is different from the first antenna unit. In a possible implementation, the second antenna unit includes a third patch subunit and a second feeder subunit, the second feeder subunit includes a third feeder and a fourth feeder, and a physical included angle between the third patch subunit and the third feeder is the first included angle Θ, where 0<θ<90°. A physical included angle between the third feeder and the fourth feeder is the second included angle β, where 0<β<180°. In a possible implementation, the cable connection mode and connection angle of the second antenna unit are the same as those of the first antenna unit. QO71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ In one possible implementation, the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit are different in a first direction, so that a low side lobe can be implemented from a vertical plane, thereby suppressing a ground echo. In one possible implementation, the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit are different in the first direction, so that a low side lobe can be implemented from a vertical plane, thereby suppressing a ground echo. In a possible implementation, the first patch subunit is a metal patch. In one possible implementation, the metal patch is a rectangular patch, a triangular patch, a trapezoidal patch, a V-shaped patch, or a double-branched patch. In one possible implementation, the double-branch patch is either a double rectangular patch or a U-shaped double-branch patch. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit and the third patch subunit are the same as the first patch subunit. In a possible implementation, the device also includes the first dielectric layer and a first soil layer; the first antenna arrangement is located on the upper surface of the first dielectric layer, and the first soil layer is located below the first dielectric layer. In a possible implementation, the first dielectric layer is a high-frequency circuit board, and the thickness of the first dielectric layer is H, where 0.003λ<H<0.15λ, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna apparatus. In a possible implementation, the dielectric constant of the high-frequency circuit board is 3 and the thickness of the high-frequency circuit board is 5 thousandths. In one possible implementation, β is 78°. In one possible implementation, a β value is related to the material of the first dielectric layer. Different first antenna array structures are used for different dielectric layer materials, so that a 3 dB beamwidth, impedance characteristic, and radiation efficiency of the antenna apparatus are optimal. In a possible implementation, the first antenna arrangement also includes a first impedance matching unit. In a possible implementation, the device also includes a second antenna array. The structure of the second antenna array is the same as that of the first antenna array. The second antenna array includes a second antenna unit and a second impedance matching unit, and the impedance matching performance of the second impedance matching unit differs from that of the first. The second antenna array is a dummy antenna array without a feed. QQ71 t?n / R7P7 / □ / YILI is a dummy antenna structure without a feed, so that the surface wave of the antenna can be effectively improved. In this way, the amplitude consistency and phase consistency of an antenna arrangement in the horizontal plane are improved. Therefore, the angle measurement capability and range capability of a radar are enhanced. According to a second aspect, one embodiment of this application provides a method for producing an antenna apparatus, which includes: etching a first antenna arrangement on a first metal layer, wherein the first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit, wherein the first feeder subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder; an included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is a first included angle Θ, where 0<θ<90°; and an included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second included angle β, where 0<β<180°; and bonding the first antenna arrangement and a first surface of a first dielectric layer, wherein the antenna apparatus is grounded through the first layer of soil. In a possible implementation, the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction. In one possible implementation, a first end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit; and a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. In a possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes: a first transmission line, where the first transmission line connects to the first patch subunit, and the first transmission line connects to a first end of the first feeder. In a possible implementation, the antenna unit further includes a second transmission line, where a first end of the second transmission line is connected to the first feeder; and a second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder. In one possible implementation, a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. In a possible implementation, the first antenna unit also includes a second patch subunit. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line. In a possible implementation, the second patch subunit connects to a QO71 t?n / R7R7 / □ / YILI second end of the first feeder. According to a third aspect, a radar is provided, where the radar includes the antenna apparatus according to the first aspect or implementations of the first aspect. In a possible implementation, the radar also includes a control chip; the control chip is connected to the antenna apparatus and is configured to control the antenna apparatus to transmit or receive a signal. According to a fourth aspect, a detection apparatus is provided, where the detection apparatus includes the antenna apparatus according to the first aspect or implementations of the first aspect. According to a fifth aspect, a terminal is provided, where the terminal includes the radar according to the third aspect or the implementations of the third aspect. In a possible implementation, the terminal is a vehicle. For the technical effects addressed by the second, third, fourth, and fifth aspects, and the corresponding implementations for each aspect, refer to the descriptions of the technical effects of the first aspect or the implementations of the first aspect. Details are not repeated. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS To describe more clearly the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention, the accompanying drawings necessary to illustrate said embodiments are briefly presented below. Clearly, the drawings accompanying the following description show only some embodiments of the present invention, and a person skilled in the art can derive other accompanying drawings without any creative effort. FIGURE 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an existing antenna structure. FIGURE2(a) is a schematic diagram of an included angle. FIGURE2(b) is a schematic diagram of an included angle. FIGURE2(c) is a schematic diagram of an included angle. FIGURE 3 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna apparatus 100 according to a modality of this application. FIGURE 4 is a schematic structural diagram of an antenna apparatus 200 according to a modality of this application. FIGURE 5(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 5(b) is a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 6 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 7 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 8(a) is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in a possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 8(b) is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 8(c) is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 8(d) is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 8(e) is a schematic structural diagram of a first patch subunit in yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 9 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 10 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 11 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 12 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 13 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 14(a) is a comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 14(b) is another comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 14(c) is yet another comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 15 is a schematic structural diagram of yet another possible antenna apparatus according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 16(a) is a comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 16(b) is another comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 16(c) is yet another comparison diagram of the simulation results according to one modality of this request. FIGURE 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1700 radar according to one modality of this application. FIGURE 18 is a schematic structural diagram of an 1800 terminal according to one modality of this application; and FIGURE 19 is a schematic flow diagram of a 1900 radar according to one modality of this application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION In the descriptive memorandum, claims, and drawings attached to this application, the terms “first,” “second,” “third,” “fourth,” and similar terms (if any) are intended to distinguish between similar objects, but do not necessarily indicate a specific order or sequence. It is understood that data so designated are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances so that the modalities of this application described herein may be implemented in orders other than the order illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, the terms “includes,” “has,” and any other variants mean non-exclusive inclusion; for example, a process, method, system, product, or device that includes a list of steps or units is not necessarily limited to those steps or units, but may include other steps or units not expressly enumerated or inherent in such process, method, product, or device. The following descriptions explain some terms used in this application, to help a technical expert gain a better understanding. 1. A patch unit is a module that has wireless reception and transmission functions in an antenna structure. 2. A feeder is also known as a cable and has the function of transmitting a signal. 3. A transmission line is used to transmit an electromagnetic wave that carries information from one point to another along a route specified by the transmission line. The material and similar components of the transmission line are not specifically limited in this application. The transmission line in this document may alternatively be a feeder and has the functions of transmitting a signal and connecting a cable. 4. Indirect coupling is coupling through a coupling component, for example, a capacitor, an inductor, or a transformer. 5. An antenna, also known as a microstrip antenna, is used to transmit or receive an electromagnetic wave. It should also be noted that the full text involves a plurality of expressions QO71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / YΙΛΙ similar terms such as “upper surface”, “lower surface”, “upper end” and “lower end”, but “upper” and “lower” in this document are simply intended to indicate two opposite surfaces or two opposite ends, and there is no restriction on an upper and lower relationship between specific positions. One embodiment of this application provides an antenna apparatus. The antenna apparatus includes a first antenna arrangement, the first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit, and the at least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit. The first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit and a first feed subunit, wherein the first feed subunit includes a first feeder and a second feeder. An included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is a first included angle Θ, where 0 < θ < 90°; and an included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second included angle β, where 0 < β < 180°. In the antenna array in this embodiment of this application, the first patch subunit and the first feeder form the included angle Θ, and the first feeder and the second feeder form the second included angle β, so that the first antenna array forms a smaller physical aperture in a second direction. In this way, the first antenna array can have a 3 dB wider beamwidth and, therefore, a larger detection angle amplitude in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the first patch subunit is connected in series with the first feeder subunit, thus providing a wider impedance bandwidth amplitude and an improved impedance matching characteristic.Furthermore, the first antenna unit includes the first patch subunit and the first feed subunit. The first patch subunit and the first feed form the first included angle Θ, and the first feed and the second feed form the second included angle β, so that the energy of the first feed and the energy of another adjacent antenna unit can overlap in phase. Therefore, the radiation efficiency is higher, and the ability to convert an electromagnetic wave is stronger when the input conditions are the same. This can reduce unnecessary energy loss. Furthermore, both the first patch subunit and the first feeder subunit in this modality of this application have a radiating or feeder energy function. Therefore, the antenna apparatus in this modality of this application has a higher radiation efficiency. It should be noted that dB (decibels, decibef) in this form of this application is a unit of power gain, and a bandwidth of 3 dB is a corresponding frequency spacing used when a maximum gain of an antenna structure QO71 t?n / R7R7 / □ / YILI decreases by 3 dB, and belongs to a general definition of the bandwidth of the antenna structure. In this application, an example of a 3 dB beamwidth of an antenna is used to describe a technical problem and a technical effect. However, this application is not limited to using only the 3 dB bandwidth for the description, and any other description used to represent the bandwidth of an antenna structure can replace the 3 dB bandwidth. A beamwidth wider than 3 dB indicates a larger detection angle of the antenna structure. The antenna structure in this application includes a patch subunit and a first feed subunit in one direction, and the patch subunit and the first feed subunit can be freely combined in the first direction. The antenna can be flexibly designed, has greater tunability, and a higher degree of freedom. The patch subunit in this application is also called a patch unit and is a receive or transmit module of the antenna unit. The name of the patch subunit is not limited in this application. The feeder may also be called a microstrip, or it may be another cable that has a different power function. The first antenna arrangement may also be called the first microstrip antenna arrangement. The first patch subunit may be a metal patch, or it may be another module or cable that has a wireless receiving and transmitting function. The antenna apparatus in this document may use an integrated molded design, or it may be formed from patch cables or patches of different parts. This is not limited herein. At least one of the lengths or widths of the first feeder may be the same as or different from at least one of the lengths or widths of the second feeder. This is not limited herein. The antenna apparatus may include one or more antenna arrangements, and one or more antenna arrangements include the first antenna arrangement. The first antenna arrangement may include one or more antenna units. The number of antenna arrangements in the antenna apparatus and the number of antenna units in the antenna arrangement are not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the first antenna array is placed on the top surface of a first dielectric layer, and at least one antenna unit is placed horizontally on the top surface of the first dielectric layer. In this application, the first included angle θ and the second included angle β are the included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder, and the included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder, respectively, on the top surface of the first dielectric layer. QO71 RP / RP7RP7 / □ / YILI where the antenna arrangement is located. The included angle above is an angle within 180°. Two sides forming the included angle are a separate first side and second side, and the first side and second side can be a feeder or a patch subunit. The first side and second side can be connected in a physical structure. As shown in FIGURE 2(a), the first side and second side have a point of intersection in the physical structure. Alternatively, the first side and second side can be unconnected in the physical structure. As shown in FIGURE 2(b), the first side and second side are connected via a connecting line, and an included angle between the first side and second side is an included angle formed by extension lines of the first side and second side at a point of intersection.Alternatively, the first and second sides may not be connected in the physical structure, or they may be connected indirectly. As shown in Figure 2(c), the first and second sides have no point of intersection in the physical structure, and the angle between them is an included angle formed by a line extension of the first and second sides at a point of intersection. A person skilled in the art may know that the included angle formed between the first and second sides can be either an acute or an obtuse angle in different directions. In the figure, the acute included angle is used as an example. Figure 2(a), Figure 2(b), and Figure 2(c) provide only a few possible examples of the first and second sides forming the included angle.The positions of the first side and the second side that form the included angle are not limited in this application. In one possible implementation, the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in the first direction. The first patch subunit, the first feeder, and the second feeder are arranged sequentially in an upward direction in the first direction, with the first feeder located between the first patch subunit and the second feeder in the first direction. In a possible implementation, the first feeder, the first patch subunit, and the second feeder are arranged sequentially in an ascending direction in the first direction. In one possible implementation, the first patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or the included angle between the first patch subunit and the second direction is less than a given first angle value. Due to a manufacturing process limitation, the first patch subunit may not be parallel to the second direction, and the manufacturing process may cause an error in a specific amplitude. In this application, the error in the specific amplitude caused by the manufacturing process can be ignored. QO71 t?n / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ Alternatively, a placement direction of the first patch subunit may be such that the angle included between the first patch subunit and the second direction is less than the first angle value, and a value of the first angle value is not limited in this document. In one possible implementation, the first antenna array also includes a first impedance matching unit. The first impedance matching unit is connected to the first antenna array via a transmission line and is configured to match the impedance. The transmission line can be a straight line or a bent line; this is not a limitation in this application. In this document, the first direction is specified as the arrangement and extension direction of the antenna units, and the second direction is perpendicular to the first direction in the plane of the first antenna arrangement. Specific examples are provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings. For example, this application provides a schematic structural diagram of a possible antenna apparatus, as shown in FIGURE 3. The antenna apparatus 100 includes a first antenna arrangement, and the first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit. At least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit 110 and a first feeder subunit. The first feeder subunit includes a first feeder 121 and a second feeder 122. A first end of the first feeder 121 is connected to the first patch subunit 110. A second end of the first feeder 121 is connected to the second feeder 122, and the second feeder 122 extends upward in a first direction using the second end of the first feeder 121 as the starting point, rather than extending as a dashed line in FIGURE 3.A dashed line extension in FIGURE 3 is a downward extension along the first direction. FIGURE 3 is used as an example for the purposes of this document, and the details are not described in other accompanying drawings. The first end of the first feeder 121 and the second end of the first feeder 121 are, respectively, a lower end and an upper end of the first feeder in the first direction. For example, this application provides a schematic structural diagram of another possible antenna apparatus, as shown in FIGURE 4. The antenna apparatus 200 includes a first antenna arrangement, and the first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit. At least one antenna unit includes a first antenna unit, and the first antenna unit includes a first patch subunit 210, a first transmit line, a first feeder 221, a second transmit line, and a second QQ71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / YΙΛΙ feeder 222. The first transmission line is connected to the first patch subunit 210, and the first transmission line is connected to a first end of the first feeder 221. A first end of the second transmission line is connected to a second end of the first feeder 221, a second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder 222, and the second feeder 222 extends upward in a first direction using the second end of the second transmission line as the starting point. In this document, the concepts of first end and second end are the same as those of first end and second end of the first feeder 121. The first end and second end are respectively a lower end and an upper end in the first direction.When the antenna apparatus is integrally formed, the first transmitting line, the first feeder 221, the second transmitting line, and the second feeder 222 can be considered as a single feeder. In this document, the division of the feeder is used simply to describe a specific feeder structure, and "connected" refers to a connection between structures of different segments within a feeder. The lengths of the first transmitting line and the second transmitting line in the first direction can be equal or different. The first transmitting line and the second transmitting line can also be considered feeders, and the names of the first transmitting line and the second transmitting line are not limited in this document. The first patch subunit connects to the first feeder via the first transmission line, and the first patch subunit connects indirectly to the first feeder through a physical structure. In this way, if the length of the first feeder remains unchanged and the included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is fixed, the first antenna unit creates a smaller physical aperture in a second direction, allowing it to have a 3 dB wider beamwidth in the horizontal plane.If the length of the first feeder and a length of the second feeder remain unchanged and the included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is fixed, the first antenna unit forms a smaller physical opening in the second direction, so that the first antenna unit can have a beamwidth 3 dB wider in the horizontal plane. In the modalities of this application, “connected” may refer to a connection in a physical structure, or “connected” may refer to a connection in the form of indirect coupling, and there is no point of intersection in a physical structure. Optionally, the second included angle β is twice the first included angle Θ, or the absolute value of the difference between the second included angle β and twice the first included angle θ is less than or equal to a specific threshold. Due to a limitation of a QO71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / YILI Manufacturing process, an error can occur in the second included angle β and duplicate the first included angle Θ. In this application, the error caused by the manufacturing process is within a specific threshold and can be ignored. A specific threshold value is not limited in this application and can be configured or defined based on a manufacturing process, a performance requirement, and / or similar factors. Optionally, an included angle between the first feeder and the second direction is a third included angle, an included angle between the second feeder and the second direction is a fourth included angle, a difference between the third included angle and the fourth included angle is less than a first amplitude, and a size of the first amplitude is not limited in this document. Optionally, the third included angle is the same as the fourth included angle; that is, the first feeder and the second feeder are technically symmetrical using the second direction as the axis of symmetry. Due to a manufacturing process limitation, the third included angle and the fourth included angle may not be perfectly equal, and an error in a specific amplitude may be caused by the manufacturing process. In this application, the error in the specific amplitude caused by the manufacturing process can be ignored. Optionally, the first antenna unit also includes a second patch subunit. Optionally, the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction, or the second patch subunit is connected to a second end of the second feeder by means of a transmission line. Optionally, the second patch subunit and the first patch subunit are located on either side of the first feeder in the second direction. For example, as shown in FIGURE 5(a), the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feeder and is located halfway between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction. For example, as shown in FIGURE 5(b), the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line. In one possible implementation, the second patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or an included angle between the second patch subunit and the second direction is less than a first angle value. Alternatively, a sum of the included physical angles between the second patch subunit and the first feeder and between the second patch subunit and the second feeder is equal to the second included angle β. The widths of the first patch subunit and the second patch subunit in the first direction can be equal or different, and this is not limited in this document. QO71 ΠΩ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ In one possible implementation, the physical aperture of the antenna unit in the second direction is L, where 0.2λ < I < 0.75λ, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna apparatus. For example, an antenna apparatus structure shown in Figure 6 can allow the first antenna arrangement to form a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, so that the first antenna arrangement can have a 3 dB wider beamwidth, and therefore a larger detection angle amplitude in the horizontal plane. The units of L and λ are in millimeters. In one possible implementation, 68° < β < 88°. Therefore, the first antenna arrangement forms a smaller physical aperture L in the second direction, and the energy of the first antenna unit and the energy of an adjacent antenna unit can overlap in phase. This allows equivalent magnetic currents in the same direction to be generated in adjacent patch subunits, thus satisfying a high-gain requirement. Furthermore, a wider impedance bandwidth is provided, resulting in a better impedance matching characteristic and therefore higher radiation efficiency. In a possible implementation, the at least one antenna unit also includes a second antenna unit, and the first antenna unit is connected to the second antenna unit. The second antenna unit includes a third patch subunit and a second feed subunit; the second feed subunit includes a third feed and a fourth feed; and a physical included angle between the third patch subunit and the third feed is a first included angle Θ, where 0 < 6 < 90°. Furthermore, a physical included angle between the third feed and the fourth feed is the second included angle β, where 0 < β < 180°. For example, as shown in FIGURE 7, the second antenna unit is connected to the second feed of the first antenna unit via a third transmit line, or the second antenna unit is connected directly to the second feed of the first antenna unit. The second antenna unit and the first antenna unit are positioned in the same manner. Optionally, the second antenna unit may also include a fourth transmit line, where the fourth transmit line is configured to connect the third and fourth feeds. The lengths of the first, second, third, and fourth transmit lines in the first direction may be equal or different. This is not a limitation in the present application. FIGURE 7 is simply described using an example where the first antenna arrangement includes two antenna units. QO71 RP / RP7RP7 / □ / YILI antenna arrangement may further include a third antenna unit. The structure of the third antenna unit may be the same as that of the first or second antenna unit. Alternatively, the structure of the third antenna unit may be different from that of the first or second antenna unit. There is no limitation on how different antenna units may be combined in this application. An antenna arrangement may include antenna units of the same structure, or it may include antenna units of different structures. In one possible implementation, the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit are different in a first direction, so that a low sidelobe can be implemented in a vertical plane, thereby suppressing a ground echo. In one possible implementation, the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit are different in the first direction, so that a low side lobe can be implemented from a vertical plane, thereby suppressing a ground echo. In a possible implementation, the widths of the first patch subunit and the third patch subunit in the first direction can also be the same. This is not limited in the present application. In the previous configuration, when the first, second, or third patch subunit is a metal patch, the metal patch may be rectangular, triangular, trapezoidal, V-shaped, or a double-braced patch. The double-braced patch may be a U-shaped double-braced patch or a rectangular double-braced patch. A specific patch subunit shape is described below, using the first patch subunit as an example with reference to the accompanying drawings. For example, FIGURE 8(a), FIGURE 8(b), FIGURE 8(c), FIGURE 8(d), and FIGURE 8(e) provide schematic diagrams of the first patch subunit, which is a triangular patch, a trapezoidal patch, a V-shaped patch, a double rectangular patch, and a double-branched U-shaped patch, respectively. When the shape of the first patch subunit is any of the shapes shown in FIGURE 8(a), FIGURE 8(b), FIGURE 8(c), FIGURE 8(d), and FIGURE 8(e), the patch subunit width mentioned above can be a geometric parameter that can represent a shape and size of the patch subunit. Optionally, at least one of the first patch subunits, the second patch subunit, and the third patch subunit can be connected to the first transmission line in an indirect coupling manner. As shown in FIGURE 9, the first patch subunit, the second patch subunit, and the third patch subunit are connected to a transmission line in an indirect coupling manner. QO71 t?n / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ In a possible implementation, as shown in FIGURE 10, the antenna apparatus further includes a first dielectric layer and a first ground layer. The first antenna arrangement is located on an upper surface of the first dielectric layer, the first ground layer is located below the first dielectric layer, and the first ground layer is attached to a lower surface of the first dielectric layer. Optionally, the antenna apparatus includes a three-layer printed circuit board (PCB) structure. The surface layer is an antenna array, and the first dielectric layer can be a high-frequency circuit board or other material. It should be noted in this document that a high-frequency circuit board is a special circuit board with a relatively high electromagnetic frequency. Generally, a high frequency can be defined as a frequency above 1 GHz. The requirements for the physical performance, accuracy, and technical parameters of a high-frequency circuit board are very high, and it is commonly used in automotive collision avoidance systems, satellite systems, radio systems, and other fields. The thickness H of the first dielectric layer satisfies 0.003λ < H < 0.15λ, where λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna apparatus. The units of H and λ are both in millimeters. Optionally, a β value is related to the material of the first dielectric layer. The first dielectric layer can be an NF30 high-frequency circuit board with a dielectric constant of 3 and a thickness of 5 mils, and the first ground layer is a metal ground layer. In this case, β is 78°. A 3 dB beamwidth, impedance characteristic, and radiation efficiency of the antenna apparatus can be optimized. In one possible implementation, the device also includes a second antenna arrangement. This second antenna arrangement comprises a second antenna unit with the same structure as the first antenna arrangement and a second impedance matching unit. The impedance matching performance of the second unit differs from that of the first. The second antenna arrangement is a dummy antenna arrangement without a power supply. For example, as shown in FIGURE 11, the antenna apparatus includes 10 antenna arrangements, ANT1 to ANT10. ANT4 to ANT7 are feed antennas; specifically, there is a current input through the feed ends of ANT4 to ANT7. The structures of ANT4 to ANT7 may be the same or different. ANT1 to ANT3 and ANT8 to ANT10 are dummy antennas that do not feed, and the structures of ANT1 to ANT3 and ANT8 to ANT10 may be the same or different. In this configuration, processing at a feed end of the dummy, non-feed antenna is not limited to short-circuiting or open-circuiting, and In this configuration, the short-circuit and open-circuit lengths are not limited. Furthermore, the structures of ANT1 to ANT3, ANT8 to ANT10, and ANT4 to ANT7 can be the same or different. Additionally, the number and configuration of feed antennas and the number and configuration of unfed dummy antennas are not limited. An unfed dummy antenna structure is added to effectively improve the antenna's surface waveform. This enhances the amplitude consistency and phase consistency of the antenna array in the horizontal plane, thereby improving the angle measurement capability and range of the radar. For example, a first antenna arrangement structure in one modality of this application is shown in FIGURE 12. The first impedance matching unit is located in the middle of the antenna arrangement. The position of the first impedance matching unit is merely an example. The first impedance matching unit may alternatively be located between two adjacent antenna units. This is not a limitation in the present application. For example, this application provides a structure for a first antenna arrangement, as shown in FIGURE 13, where the patch subunits have the same width. The number of antenna units in FIGURE 13 is merely an example and is not limited in this application. Performance comparison simulation drawings between the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 13 and the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1 are shown in FIGURE 14(a), FIGURE 14(b), and FIGURE 14(c). FIGURE 14(a) shows a reflection coefficient comparison result. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 13 has been increased from 1.3% to 6.5% compared to the impedance bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. FIGURE 14(b) shows a comparative antenna radiation efficiency result. The efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 13 is 22% higher than that of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. FIGURE 14(c) shows a comparison result on a normalized horizontal radiation pattern.A 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 13 is 46 degrees wider than that of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. For example, this application provides a structure of a first antenna arrangement, as shown in FIGURE 15. One average width of a patch subunit is the largest, and two sides of the patch subunit gradually become smaller. Performance comparison simulation drawings between the structure of the The antenna shown in FIGURE 15 and the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1 are shown in FIGURE 16(a), FIGURE 16(b), and FIGURE 16(c). FIGURE 16(a) shows a comparison of the antenna reflection coefficients. The impedance bandwidth of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 15 has been increased from 1.3% to 7.3% compared to that of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. FIGURE 16(b) shows a comparison of the antenna radiation efficiency. The radiation efficiency of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 15 is 22% higher than that of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. FIGURE 16(c) shows a comparison result on a normalized horizontal radiation pattern.A 3 dB beamwidth of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 15 is 52 degrees wider than that of the antenna structure shown in FIGURE 1. Figure 17 is a schematic structural diagram of a 1700 radar according to one modality of this application. The 1700 radar includes an antenna apparatus 1701, and the antenna apparatus 1701 may be the antenna apparatus in any of the preceding modality(ies). Furthermore, the 1700 radar is a millimeter-wave radar. Optionally, the 1700 radar also includes a 1702 control chip. The 1702 control chip is connected to the antenna apparatus, and the 1702 control chip is configured to control the antenna apparatus to transmit or receive a signal. The radar can alternatively be another detection device that has a detection function. Figure 18 shows an 1800 terminal according to one modality of this application. The 1800 terminal includes the 1700 radar shown in Figure 17. Optionally, the terminal in this modality of this application may have the capability to implement a communication function and / or a detection function using radar. This is not limited in this modality of this application. In a possible implementation, the terminal could be a vehicle, an unmanned aerial vehicle, an unmanned transport vehicle, a robot, or similar in autonomous or intelligent driving. In another possible implementation, the terminal can be a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a computer with a wireless transceiver function, a virtual reality (VR) terminal, an augmented reality (AR) terminal, an industrial control terminal, a self-driving terminal, a telemedicine terminal, a smart grid terminal, a transportation safety terminal, a smart city terminal, a smart home terminal, and the like. QO71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ This application also provides a 1900 method for producing an antenna apparatus. The method includes S1910 to S1930. S1910: Etching a first antenna arrangement on a first metal layer, wherein the first antenna arrangement includes at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit including a first antenna unit, the first antenna unit including a first patch subunit and a first feeder subunit, and the first feeder subunit including a first feeder and a second feeder; an included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is a first included angle Θ, where 0<θ<90°; and an included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second included angle β, where 0<β<180°. S1920: Join a first surface of the antenna apparatus and a first surface of a first dielectric layer. S1930: Join a second surface of the first dielectric layer and a first surface of a first soil layer, where the antenna apparatus is grounded through the first soil layer. Optionally, the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction. Optionally, one end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit and one end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. Optionally, the antenna unit further includes: a first transmit line, where the first transmit line connects to the first patch subunit, and the first transmit line connects to a first end of the first feeder. Optionally, the antenna unit further includes a second transmission line, where a first end of the second transmission line is connected to the first feeder; and a second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder. Optionally, a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder. Optionally, the first antenna unit also includes a second patch subunit. Optionally, the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction. Optionally, the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line. Optionally, the second patch subunit is connected to the second end QQ71 ΠΠ / Ρ7Π7 / □ / ΥΙΛΙ of the first feeder. According to the antenna array produced by the method described in this application, the first patch subunit and the first feed subunit are connected in series, and the first feed subunit and the second feed subunit form the included angle β, so that the first antenna array forms a smaller physical aperture in the second direction. Therefore, the first antenna array can have a 3 dB wider beamwidth and thus a larger detection angle amplitude in the horizontal plane. Furthermore, the first patch subunit is connected in series to the first feed subunit, providing a wider impedance bandwidth amplitude and a better impedance characteristic.Furthermore, the radiation element of the first antenna unit utilizes a configuration where the first patch subunit and the first feed subunit are connected in series, allowing the energy from the first antenna unit and the energy from an adjacent antenna unit to overlap in phase. This results in higher radiation efficiency and stronger electromagnetic wave conversion capability under identical input conditions, potentially reducing unnecessary energy loss. The preceding descriptions of implementations allow a person skilled in the art to clearly understand that, for the purpose of a convenient and concise description, the division into functional modules above is used simply as an illustrative example. In actual application, the above functions may be assigned to different functional modules and implemented as needed. In other words, the internal structure of a device is divided into different functional modules to implement all or some of the functions described above. In the various embodiments provided for in this application, it should be understood that the disclosed apparatus and method may be implemented in other ways. For example, the apparatus embodiments described are merely examples. For instance, the division of a module or unit is simply a division of logical function, and there may be another division during actual implementation. For example, a plurality of units or components may be combined or integrated into another apparatus, or some functions may be ignored or not performed. Furthermore, the mutual couplings shown or described, the direct couplings, or the communication connections may be implemented through various interfaces. Indirect couplings or communication connections between the apparatus or units may be implemented electronically, mechanically, or otherwise. The units described as separate parts may or may not be physically separate, and the parts shown as units may be one or more physical units; that is, they may be located in one place, or they may be distributed across a plurality of places. QO71 t?n / R7R7 / □ / YILI different. Some or all of the units may be selected based on an actual requirement to achieve a goal of the modal solutions. Furthermore, the functional units in the modalities of this application may be integrated into a processing unit, or each unit may exist physically independently, or two or more units may be integrated into a single unit. The integrated unit may be implemented in hardware form or as a software functional unit. The descriptions above are merely specific implementations of the features in this application, but are not intended to limit the scope of protection of the features in this application. Any variation or replacement within the technical scope disclosed in this application will fall within the scope of protection of the features in this application. Therefore, the scope of protection of the features in this application will be subject to the scope of protection of the claims.

Claims

1. An antenna apparatus, characterized in that it comprises: a first antenna arrangement, wherein the first antenna arrangement comprises at least one antenna unit, the at least one antenna unit comprises a first antenna unit and the first antenna unit comprises a first patch subunit and a first feed subunit; the first feed subunit comprises a first feeder and a second feeder; and an included angle between the first patch subunit and the first feeder is a first included angle θ, wherein 0 < θ < 90°; and an included angle between the first feeder and the second feeder is a second included angle β, wherein 0 < β < 180°.

2. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first patch subunit is configured to radiate energy or power supply; and / or, the first feeder subunit is configured to radiate energy or power supply.

3. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first patch subunit is adjacent to the first feeder in a first direction, wherein a first end of the first feeder is connected to the first patch subunit; and a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.

4. The apparatus according to claim 1, characterized in that the first antenna unit further comprises: a first transmission line, wherein the first transmission line is connected to the first patch subunit; and the first transmission line is connected to a first end of the first feeder.

5. The apparatus according to claim 1 or 4, characterized in that the first antenna unit further comprises: a second transmission line, wherein a first end of the second transmission line is connected to a second end of the first feeder; and a second end of the second transmission line is connected to the second feeder.

6. The apparatus according to claim 4, characterized in that a second end of the first feeder is connected to the second feeder.

7. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 6, characterized in that the first antenna unit comprises a second patch subunit.

8. The apparatus according to claim 7, characterized in that the second patch subunit is located between the first feeder and the second feeder in the first direction.

9. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second patch subunit is connected to the second transmission line.

10. The apparatus according to claim 7 or 8, characterized in that the second patch subunit is connected to the second end of the first feeder.

11. The apparatus according to any of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that the second patch subunit and the first patch subunit are located on two sides of the first feeder in a second direction.

12. The apparatus according to any of claims 7 to 10, characterized in that any patch subunit included in the first antenna arrangement is located on the first side of the feeder in the second direction.

13. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 12, characterized in that the first patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or an angle included between the first patch subunit and the second direction is less than a first angle value.

14. The apparatus according to any of claims 7 to 13, characterized in that the second patch subunit is parallel to the second direction, or an angle included between the second patch subunit and the second direction is less than the first angle value.

15. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 14, characterized in that an included angle between the first feeder and the second direction is a third included angle; an included angle between the second feeder and the second direction is a fourth included angle; and a difference between the third included angle and the fourth included angle is less than a first amplitude.

16. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 15, characterized in that a physical opening of the antenna unit in the second direction is L, wherein 0.2λ<I_<0.75λ, and λ is a wavelength corresponding to an operating frequency of the antenna apparatus.

17. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 16, characterized in that the second included angle β satisfies: 68°<β<88°.

18. The apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 17, characterized in that at least one antenna unit further comprises a second antenna unit; and the first antenna unit is connected to the second antenna unit.

19. The apparatus according to claim 18, characterized in that the second antenna unit comprises a third patch subunit and a second feeder subunit, the second feeder subunit comprises a third feeder and a fourth feeder, a physical angle included between the third patch subunit and the third feeder is the first included angle Θ, wherein 0<θ<90°, and a physical angle included between the third feeder and the fourth feeder is the second included angle β, wherein 0<β<180°.

20. The apparatus according to claim 19, characterized in that the width of the first patch subunit is different from the width of the third patch subunit in the first direction.

21. A radar, characterized in that the radar comprises the antenna apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 20.

22. The radar according to claim 21, characterized in that the radar further includes a control chip, the control chip is connected to the antenna apparatus and the control chip is configured to control the antenna apparatus to transmit or receive a signal.

23. A detection apparatus, characterized in that the detection apparatus comprises the antenna apparatus according to any of claims 1 to 20.

24. A terminal, characterized in that the terminal comprises the radar according to any of claims 21 to 22.

25. The terminal according to claim 24, characterized in that the terminal is a vehicle.

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