SUPERABSORBENT-BASED SUSPENSION SUITABLE FOR THE HYDROSTIMULANT COATING OF SEEDS AND METHOD OF COATING SEEDS WITH THE SUSPENSION

Abstract

A superabsorbent-based suspension for the hydrostimulating coating of seeds comprises a superabsorbent in the form of an acrylate-acrylamide copolymer in the range of 25 to 40% by weight of the suspension, adhesives dispersed or dissolved in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, wherein the adhesive dispersion or solution comprises water in the range of 0.1 to 8% by weight of the suspension, ethanol and / or isopropanol in the range of 40 to 70% by weight of the suspension, and adhesives in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the suspension, additional lubricating additives suitable for improving the flow properties of the seeds in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the suspension, and an antistatic additive suitable for eliminating electrical charge in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the suspension. A method of coating a seed with this suspension.

Description

SUSPENSION BASED ON SUPERABSORBENT SUITABLE FOR THE HYDROSTIMULANT COATING OF SEEDS AND METHOD OF COATING SEEDS WITH THE SUSPENSION Field of invention A superabsorbent-based suspension, specifically for the hydrostimulating coating of seeds, and a method for coating seeds with the suspension. Its primary use is in agriculture and horticulture. A superabsorbent (SAP = superabsorbent polymer) is used to coat seeds along with active ingredients to bind water in the soil, thereby increasing germination in the absence of water and consequently boosting crop yields, or reducing irrigation frequency and soil water evaporation, respectively. The ingredients used in combination with the SAP improve flow properties (reducing friction and abrasion) between seeds and minimize wear on seeder parts. The suspension can be used as a carrier for active ingredients and as a depth stabilizer. Background of the invention Agricultural production depends, among other things, on seed quality. The better the seed (with high germination capacity, pest resistance, and the ability to efficiently utilize various soil components such as nutrients and water), the greater the likelihood of higher yields. During germination, several metabolic processes occur within the seed. Germination time depends on seed quality, environmental factors (temperature, water availability), and other factors. However, the goal is to achieve optimal germination and consistent plant growth, even under adverse weather conditions. In recent years, the issue of insufficient soil moisture at germination has become a major concern. Previously, the problem of seed germination in the absence of moisture was addressed with a variety of hydration techniques designed to ensure rapid and optimal germination, thus helping to achieve stable production under economically viable conditions. For this reason, seeds were treated using various methods before planting. One example of a technique used to date to improve seed germination is called "priming" (infiltration). This technique was developed by W. Heydecker et al. in 1974 and includes UU10 osmotic control of water supply to the seed by the use of an aqueous solution of water-soluble polymers (polyethylene glycol, sodium polypropionate, and the like) or aqueous salt solutions (W. Heydecker, J. Higgins and RL Gulliver, 1973, Nature (London) 246 p.42-44; W. Heydecker, 1974, Univ. Nottingham Sch. Agr. Rep. 1973 / 1974:50-67; Zuo Weineng et al., 1987, Chinese Science Bulletin 32:1438). Another technique is "drum priming". This technique was developed by HR Rows in 1987 and consists of spraying the seed in a rotating drum, directly controlling the weight of the water without using any other means (GB 2192781 B). The “solid matrix priming” technique developed by AG Taylor et al. in 1988, controls the water supply to the seed by using a powdered material (AG Taylor, DS Klein and TH Whitlow, 1988, Scientia Horticulturae37 (1988) 1-11; US ​​4912874 A; EP 0309551 B1; WO 88 / 07318 A1). Finally, another well-known technique is called “matriconditioning”. The technique developed by AA Khan et al. in 1990 controls the supply of water to the seed by using water-soluble porous materials (Micro-Cel E, Zonolite) (AA Khan, H. Miura, J. Prusinski, I. Ilyas Matri-conditioning of seeds to improve emergence Proceedings National Symposium on Seed Establishment of Horticultural Crops, Minneapolis, MN April 4-6, 1990). These techniques hydrate the seed before planting. However, they also have some disadvantages: The priming technique is not suitable for large quantities at a commercial level. The drum priming technique is simple, but the problems lie in the precise mechanical control of the water quantity and also in the technology itself. The technique can treat the seeds in simple, slow-rotating devices, but the problem lies in separating the seeds after treatment. In addition to these procedures, recent work has focused on the use of superabsorbents, substances that bind water and then gradually release it to plants. Two techniques have been developed: The first method involves using a superabsorbent for sowing in the soil, where the polymer is added to the sowing site along with the seed. This process relies on the SAP adhering to the entire substrate (soil). The second method involves applying the superabsorbent to the surface of the seed and then sowing it. The patent documents related to this technology include US 2004077498 A1, US 2008236037 A1, US 2010093535 A1, US 9169164 B2, US 9212245 B2, US 9238774 B2, US 2012258811 A1, US 2014298872A1 and US 2012277099A1. IVIA / t / ZUZZ / UΊ UU10 Initially, the substances were applied to the seeds using a system of slow-rotating drums and dispensers, and then dried in a kiln (drum priming). The main disadvantages were the increased demand for the substances used, their uneven distribution, and the length of the process. Prior art methods exist in which the superabsorbent (SAP) is applied to seeds in powder form. With various variations, these methods involve applying an adhesive to the seed and then adding the SAP (in powder form) (CN 106471952 A), or utilizing the SAP's ability to adhere to a moist surface (US 2012277099 A1). In this case, the SAP can absorb water into its structure very quickly and efficiently, thus adhering to the seed surface if it was previously moist. In both cases, the SAP is dispensed in powder form. Both methods require coating the seed with an adhesive or a substance containing a certain amount of water, leaving the seed surface adequately moist before dispensing the SAP. Therefore, both methods require pretreatment, an additional step before dispensing the SAP powder. Both methods present several disadvantages. Most of these disadvantages stem from the powdered form of SAP. When dosing powdered SAP, it is not possible to achieve uniform seed coverage. This lack of uniformity occurs within a single seed, but also when comparing seeds to each other, or even between batches. Another disadvantage is that, with powdered SAP, the particles do not adhere strongly enough to the seed surface and detach during storage and planting. This deficiency increases SAP consumption and reduces the effectiveness of the treatment process. Furthermore, the SAP particles, which do not come into contact with the seed surface during treatment because they are drawn into the suction device, also increase consumption. SAP particles adhering to the surface through the methods described above impair the seed's flow properties and can cause seed blockage in seeder devices or in other operations where the seed is conveyed by sieving. At the same time, SAP particles anchored in this way are highly sensitive to atmospheric humidity, causing the SAP to stick together and, consequently, the seeds to adhere to each other, leading to problems with storage, transport, and sowing. A significant drawback is that, in the methods described above, SAP dosage must be preceded by a seed pretreatment to fix the SAP particles to the surface. This limitation further reduces effectiveness due to the time required for pretreatment. The pretreatment process also affects the quality and quantity of SAP binding to the seed surface. Too much SAP can have a negative impact, while too little SAP can have no impact. Different amounts of SAP binding can lead to varying emergence dynamics and delayed plant development, potentially reducing overall yield. From a health protection standpoint, the aforementioned methods present complications, as very small SAP particles are released into the atmosphere, worsening working conditions. SAP particles can be released into the atmosphere during SAP measurement in the seed treatment device, during the discharge of treated seeds, and during subsequent seed treatment. The technological disadvantage is the limited use of seed treatment devices. While seed treatment devices are primarily equipped with automatic liquid dosing systems, this capability cannot be used for dispensing powdered SAP. Dosing powdered materials requires supplementing the seed treatment device with a powder dosing system, which incurs additional costs. Applying powdered SAP to seed treatment devices is not possible without powder dosing equipment. Furthermore, the methods mentioned require that SAP application be followed by dosing of specific substances (Ss), also in powder form, necessitating an additional powder dosing system and thus further increasing costs. Using these methods in continuous seed treatment devices would also be very problematic, or even impossible. International patent application WO 2005059023 A1 describes a superabsorbent-based suspension suitable for seed coating, comprising a superabsorbent, a dispersed or dissolved adhesive, preferably in an aqueous solution, and a bioactive growth-stimulating additive. The superabsorbent is a copolymer of starch grafted (main copolymer structure) with, for example, acrylonitrile, acrylic acid, or acrylamide (grafts). The suspension is applied to the seeds in an aqueous solution, causing premature water absorption by the superabsorbent during the deposition process, resulting in the bonding and aggregation of the treated individual seeds and clogging of the seeder devices. International patent application WO 0166668 A2 describes a composition suitable for seed coating, comprising a sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent in the amount of 0.3 wt%, a fertilizer (active ingredient) in the amount of 1.2 wt%, polyethylene glycol 1450 in the amount of 23.5 wt%, and ethanol in the amount of 75 wt%. This composition was applied to the surface of Pickseed™ grass seeds. Another described composition suitable for seed coating includes a sodium polyacrylate superabsorbent in the amount of 4.4 wt%, a fertilizer (active ingredient) in the amount of 15.6 wt%, polyethylene glycol 1450 in the amount of 30 wt%, and ethanol in the amount of 50 wt%. This composition was applied to the surface of a rice seed in a ratio of 3.3:1 (seed:composition).Polyethylene glycol is used in the composition specifically as a lubricant and as a component that will provide better mutual compatibility with other polymers, but not as an adhesive or film-forming agent. A disadvantage is also the use of the sodium salt of polyacrylate, which salinizes the soil due to the addition of sodium cations. The publication by Chen, Junwu et al. (Swelling behaviors of polyacrylate superabsorbent in mixtures of water and hydrophilic solvents) describes the behavior of polyacrylate superabsorbents (sodium polyacrylate) in a mixture of water and hydrophilic solvents (e.g., 20%, 40%, and 60% methanol or ethanol). The equilibrium water absorption by the superabsorbent was determined at 10 minutes and 48 hours. The authors concluded that the addition of a low-polarity solvent (methanol, ethanol) significantly reduces the superabsorbent's absorption capacity, especially over a short timescale. The publication details only sodium polyacrylate, not its copolymers or polyacrylates with other counterions. The publication by You, Ying-Cai et al. (Synthesis and swelling behavior of crosslinked copolymers of neutralized maleic anhydride with other monomers) describes the behavior of a maleic anhydride / acrylamide copolymer and a maleic anhydride / acrylamide / hydroxyethyl methacrylate copolymer with N,N'-methylene bisacrylamide as a crosslinking agent. The publication analyzes the absorption capacity of these copolymers in solutions of alcohols (methanol, ethanol, glycol, glycerol) and water, also based on the synergy of non-ionic (OH, CONH2) and ionic (COOK) functional groups. An excess of ionic functional groups increases the hydrophilicity and absorption capacity of the copolymer, while an excess of non-ionic groups reduces the absorption capacity.One apparent trend is the decrease in the absorption capacity of these copolymers with increasing concentrations of alcohol in aqueous solution (20%, 40%, and 60%), with ethanol showing the greatest decrease in absorption capacity of all the alcohols tested. Due to the two carboxyl groups within a monomeric unit, a disadvantage of maleic anhydride is its increased sensitivity to multivalent (2+, 3+) ions present in the soil (mainly Ca2+, Mg2+, Al3+), stronger intramolecular interactions within a polymer chain, more intense flocculation between different polymer chains, and excessively strong (even irreversible) anchoring of monovalent ions (Na+, K+). International patent application WO 2013158284 A1 describes a method for reducing dust in seed sowing by means of a lubricating component applied to a seed coated with active substances (pesticides, etc.). The lubricating component comprises waxes of synthetic, vegetable, and / or animal origin (e.g., polypropylene wax) and is characterized by having IVIA / t / ZUZZ / UΊ UU10 less dust on the seeds than with talc or graphite. The lubricating component does not include any superabsorbent that would increase the absorption capacity or even ensure water absorption in this layer. International patent application WO 2007103076 A1 describes a seed coating composition for improved binding of a bioactive component (e.g., insecticide, fungicide) while enhancing the flow properties of coated seeds during transport and sowing. The composition includes an adhesive (e.g., polyvinyl acetate or polyacrylate), a wax (e.g., natural, mineral, or synthetic wax), a pigment (e.g., titanium dioxide-coated mica), and a stabilizer (suspending agent, wetting agent, biocide). The composition is applied wet to the seed in an aqueous solution, which, in the case of polyacrylate (although it functions as an adhesive here), may lead to premature water absorption before sowing in the soil. US patent application 2015267063 A1 describes a seed coating composition comprising an antistatic or electrically conductive additive, e.g. an allotropic modification of carbon (e.g. graphite) or an electrically conductive polymer. The publication by Black et al. discloses the use of graphite and talc to improve the flow properties of seeds. Slovak utility model application SK 50110-2016 U1 and Slovak patent application SK 50069-2016 A3 describe a combination of substances (a coating composition) comprising a superabsorbent (polyacrylamide, polyacrylate, or starch copolymers) and an adhesive solution in a mixture of water and ethanol, and preferably lubricants and biologically active substances. The superabsorbent is present and applied to the seed separately in a dry state, which may increase dustiness, abrasion of the seed surface, and result in an uneven surface of the superabsorbent layer. The water and ethanol mixture is adapted to dissolve the adhesive (30 to 50% by weight of the adhesive solution), where such a quantity of ethanol (20 to 40% by weight of the adhesive solution) and water (10 to 50% by weight of the adhesive solution) could cause premature water absorption by the superabsorbent during deposition.In addition, a two-stage method of coating seeds with this combination is described: first, the adhesive solution is applied to the seed, and only in a later stage is the superabsorbent applied in a dry state. Compendium of the Invention ivia / t / zuzz / u ι uu io It is an object of the invention to provide an environmentally neutral composition suitable for a hydrostimulant seed coating that ensures water retention in the immediate vicinity of the sown seed, increased germination and plant emergence, especially under dry conditions, and uniform growth. Furthermore, the composition must be manageable and apply to the seed more efficiently than in the prior art, while meeting stringent agricultural, industrial, and safety standards and providing improved mechanical properties of the coated seed (flow properties, dust resistance, adhesion). The disadvantages mentioned in the prior art are solved with the present superabsorbent-based suspension suitable for the hydrostimulant coating of seeds, comprising a superabsorbent, adhesives dispersed or dissolved in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, lubricating additives suitable for improving the flow properties of the seeds, and an antistatic additive suitable for the elimination of electrical charge. The superabsorbent, which is an acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, is present in the range of 25 to 40% by weight of the suspension. Preferably, the superabsorbent is a potassium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, where the potassium acrylate may be the result of the partial or total neutralization of monomeric acrylic acid. The individual monomers may form an alternating, statistical, block, or grafted copolymer structure and may be in the ratio to each other, for example, in the range of 25:75 to 75:25 (acrylate:acrylamide), e.g., 25:75, 30:70, 40:60, 50:50, 60:40, 70:30, or 75:25. During seed germination, the superabsorbent gradually degrades, and the acrylamide chains break down into ammonia, which together with the acrylic potassium salt provides the seed with important biogenic elements and nutrients.If sodium salt is used, an undesirable salinization of the soil occurs, which is one of the disadvantages of the previous technique. The suspension also includes adhesives that serve to fix the SAP and the excipients. The adhesive component also serves as a film-forming component. Polyvinyl acetate (PVAc), hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrroldone, lignin sulfonate, acacia, or saccharides can be used as adhesives. Preferably, the adhesive is polyvinyl acetate because, being a compact and flexible polymer, it is able to form a thin, continuous film that seals the seed surface, thus preventing the superabsorbent from being exposed to atmospheric moisture. Furthermore, polyvinyl acetate has a desirable level of biodegradability in the seed. Too rapid a biodegradation of the adhesive layer could occur before sowing, while too slow a biodegradation would hinder optimal plant growth.The adhesives are dispersed or dissolved in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, where the adhesive solution comprises water in a range of 0.1 to 8% by weight of the suspension, ethanol or isopropanol in a range of 40 to 70% by weight of the suspension, and adhesive in a range of 1 to 100% by weight of the suspension. Another component is lubricating additives—auxiliaries that improve flow properties. The lubricant can be graphite, talc, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene, or mixtures thereof. Preferably, the lubricant is graphite and / or talc. The suspension comprises lubricating additives in a range of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the suspension. The suspension also includes an anti-static additive in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the suspension to eliminate electrical charge. Preferably, the anti-static additive is flaked graphite. The suspension may also comprise active substances that improve the properties of the seed, which may be nutrients such as fertilizers, vitamins, micronutrients, macronutrients, humectants, wetting agents, pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides and herbicides, or growth regulators or biostimulants in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight of the suspension. Seeds treated with this suspension achieve higher germination and crop emergence compared to untreated seeds by fixing soil moisture and essential nutrients directly to the seed and releasing them later during periods of scarcity. This results in increased yield per hectare, greater biomass production, enhanced plant resistance to pests, and a higher survival rate of young plants. It also improves the efficiency of raw materials used (sap or fertilizers). The present invention encompasses the development of a superabsorbent-based suspension formulation suitable for the hydrostimulant coating of seeds and a method for coating seeds with this suspension. In particular, the present invention regulates the time required to coat the seed, reduces the amount of ingredients required, and ensures a more uniform distribution of the ingredients. The use of superabsorbents to coat seeds offers the possibility of ensuring greater germination and is followed by the growth of green matter, resulting in higher yields. However, superabsorbents must be applied very evenly across the seed surface to maximize their effectiveness. Applying superabsorbents to seeds is most desirable for sowing in semi-arid and arid regions. The principal innovation of the present invention, which overcomes most of the disadvantages of the prior art, is the use of a continuous liquid carrier phase in which the SAP, as well as the other components comprising the suspension, are dispersed. The continuous liquid carrier phase is based on ethanol and / or isopropanol and, in addition to its carrier function and continuous liquid medium, temporarily blocks the SAP's ability to absorb water until the volatile components of the suspension have evaporated. UU10 The continuous liquid phase of the suspension allows for uniform wetting of the entire seed surface, thus resolving the issue of SAP application homogeneity. Unlike SAP powder particles without a continuous liquid phase, it can effectively penetrate all irregularities and folds, while the surface coverage is uniform across the seed. This coating homogeneity is also maintained when comparing individual seeds within the same batch, as well as between different batches. In addition to ensuring uniform seed coverage with SAP, reliable control of the SAP application rate is achieved by varying the SAP concentration in the suspension or by changing the SAP particle size within the suspension.This ensures that the optimal amount of SAP is always applied to the seeds, resulting in uniform germination and emergence for all seeds in the seed unit and, ultimately, a balanced stand. A balanced stand is the path to higher yields. An important aspect of the present invention is the superabsorbent content of 25 to 40% by weight of the suspension. An excessively high amount of superabsorbent on the seed surface results in seed suffocation, excessive water absorption in the immediate vicinity of the seed, which impedes sufficient oxygen access and the removal of metabolites from the germinated seed. Furthermore, the superabsorbent may not be sufficiently coated by the adhesive and will therefore remain exposed, resulting in increased hygroscopicity, absorption of moisture from the air, agglomeration and individual seed bonding, and dustiness. Sticky seeds cannot be processed, transported, or sieved efficiently. In addition, the increased dust levels fail to meet the required dust standard.Conversely, too low an amount of superabsorbent on the seed surface, especially in dry areas, leads to moisture deficiency, poor seed germination, and stunted plant emergence. Low superabsorbent compositions on the seed surface are known in the art and have the disadvantages mentioned above. A non-homogeneous or variable amount of superabsorbent deposited on the seed results in irregular plant growth. The present invention simplifies the seed treatment process, as it eliminates the need for pre-wetting the seed or applying an adhesive layer. Instead, due to the incorporated adhesive component (e.g., PVAc) in the suspension, dry seeds can be treated directly without pretreatment. This saves the time required for seed treatment and broadens the application of this method. Simultaneously, the adhesive component also acts as a film-forming agent, smoothing the surface of the treated seed. This ensures stable adhesion of the SAP and, at the same time, the ML / E / ZuZZ / u UU10 SAP particles become a monolithic part of the coating without the SAP particles protruding significantly, which eliminates the problem of unstable bonding of the SAP to the seed surface, which also eliminates the problem of the seed's flow properties, as the treated seeds do not get stuck. After seed treatment, the SAP particles are protected from air moisture by a film-forming component (e.g., PVAc), thereby eliminating the problem of SAP's high susceptibility to air moisture, and subsequently bonding the treated seeds together and forming agglomerations. An important aspect of the present invention is the adhesive dispersion or solution content, which comprises water in the range of 0.1 to 8% by weight of the suspension, ethanol and / or isopropanol in the range of 40 to 70% by weight of the suspension, and adhesive in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the suspension. An excessively high amount of adhesive prevents seed germination, as the seed expends too many initial nutrients and energy to penetrate the adhesive layer, leaving insufficient resources for continued growth, which leads to plant death. If the water concentration is too high and the ethanol concentration too low, the water is absorbed by the superabsorbent, agglomeration forms, and the individual seeds stick together, posing a technological obstacle to seed processing.Too high a concentration of ethanol has an adverse effect on the seed due to the biological processes that occur during germination, as well as increasing the cost of safe working conditions. Other components of the suspension, namely talc and flaked graphite, also have a beneficial effect on the seed's flow properties. They counteract seed clumping and adhesion, especially after the volatile components of the suspension have evaporated. Furthermore, graphite, due to its electrical conductivity, reduces the electrical charge accumulated on the seed. This charge results from seed friction during the coating process in the seed treatment device, as well as during transport or seed transfer. Reducing the electrical charge on the seed minimizes clumping. An important aspect of the present invention is the lubricant content, ranging from 0.1 to 15% by weight of the suspension, and the antistatic additive content, ranging from 0.1 to 5% by weight of the suspension. An excessively high amount of lubricant additives results in an incomplete film on the seed surface and increased dustiness. Similarly, an excessively high amount of antistatic additives leads to increased dustiness. Conversely, an insufficient amount of both lubricant and antistatic additives leads to the formation of agglomerations of individual seeds, unacceptable flow properties, and charge buildup. ML / E / ZuZz / uUIH O electrical that promotes the aggregation of seeds into clusters. Furthermore, it is important to note that the contents of the individual components are the result of long-term testing (minimum 3-year cycles) under real-world conditions (farms, fields in varying climatic conditions) and in statistically relevant quantities. The stated contents of the components in this suspension represent a compromise for optimal seed physiology and optimal processing (suspension preparation, storage, application of the suspension to the seed, seed drying, and flow properties). Dosing SAP in suspension form allows for the full utilization of seed treatment devices, unlike current methods where liquid dosing equipment could not be used for SAP dosing. Dosing SAP in suspension accelerates the seed treatment process and thus allows the use of any seed treatment device with a liquid dosing unit, without requiring an additional powder dosing device. The dosing of SAP in suspension form also allows the use of continuous seed treatment devices. The continuous liquid phase of the suspension can also be used as a carrier for active substances (nutrients, fertilizers, vitamins, micronutrients, macronutrients, minerals, inoculants, wetting agents, pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, biocides and biopesticides, biofertilizers, growth regulators or biostimulants, and the like), preferably in an amount of 0.1 to 10% by weight of the suspension. After evaporation of the volatile components, these substances become part of the seed film formed. The suspension can also serve as an anchoring agent. The function of anchoring the seed in the substrate (soil) is to penetrate the gel formed around the seed into the capillaries of the substrate in direct contact with the seeds. The resulting bond between the seed and the substrate prevents the roots from forcing the seed out of the soil, thus slowing root growth.Anchoring also prevents the seed from being forced out of the soil or to the surface. Seed anchorage results in faster root growth at depth, providing quicker access to the water source. Another advantage of this deep stabilization is that the seed emerges more uniformly, ensuring a more consistent harvest. Stand uniformity leads to higher yields. Examples of useful active agents in this suspension include, but are not limited to, nutrients, fertilizers, vitamins, micronutrients, macronutrients, minerals, inoculants, wetting agents, pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, biocides and biopesticides, biofertilizers, growth regulators, and biostimulants. Nutrients, micronutrients, macronutrients, and minerals are substances that provide the necessary nutrients for the ML / E / ZuZZ / u UIH O Plant growth and life and can be selected from the group comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, potassium, calcium, magnesium, sulfur, boron, copper, iron, chlorine, manganese, molybdenum, and zinc. Fertilizers are nutrients for plants and can be selected from the group comprising nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium fertilizers, combinations of these, and organic fertilizers. Biofertilizers are a subset of fertilizers and can include microorganisms of the genera Rhizobium, Azotobacterium, Azospirillum, cyanobacteria, or phosphate-dissolving bacteria. Vitamins can include vitamins B, C, and E. Inoculators are growth-promoting microorganisms and can be selected from the group comprising Rhizobium, Agrobacterium, and mycorrhizal fungi, for example, of the genus Glomeromycota.Wetting agents are substances that moisten the surface and form a so-called conductive zone in the soil and include, for example, surfactants, hydrophilic chains, etc. Pesticides and insecticides are substances intended to kill insects or other organisms that damage cultivated plants and can be selected from the group comprising organophosphate pesticides, carbamate pesticides (e.g., thiram), organochlorine insecticides, pyrethroid pesticides, and microbial pesticides. Biopesticides are a subset of pesticides and may include microbial biopesticides, for example, microbes from the genera Bacillus, Trichoderma, Agrobacterium, Paecilomyces, Azospirillum, Glomus, Bradyrhizobium, Paenibacillus, Rhizobium, and Enterobacter, or metabolites produced by these microbes, for example, siderophores, bacilibatin, antibiotics, enzymes, phytohormones, lipopeptides, antibacterial polyketides, and fungicidal metabolites.Fungicides are fungicides that eliminate fungi and molds and can be selected from the group comprising dimethomorph, mancozeb, tricyclazole, carbendazim, hexaconazole, metalaxyl, benomyl, difenoconazole, propiconazole, kitazine, tebuconazole, copper(I) chloride trihydroxide, copper(I) hydroxide, tridemorph, and propineb. Herbicides are substances intended to eliminate unwanted vegetation and weeds and can be selected from the group comprising phenoxy acids, benzoic acid, dinitroaniline, bipyridyl salts, substituted ureas, and arsenic compounds. Growth regulators include growth promoters and inhibitors, for example, auxins, gibberellins, cytokinins (promoters), or abscisic acid (inhibitor). Biostimulants are substances that improve nutrient efficiency, abiotic stress tolerance, and / or quality properties of crops and may include biofertilizers, growth regulators, inoculants, fulvonic acids, humic acids, humins, protein hydrolysates, betaines (e.g., glycine-betaine), polyamines, seaweed extracts, and chitosan. Another essential aspect of the contents of the individual components of this suspension is the resulting viscosity, which affects the wetting of the seed surface in the seed treatment device. A suitable viscosity IVIA / t / ZUZZ / U 1 UU1 or the selected option allows the use of existing devices for coating or treating seeds. If the viscosity is too high, the pumps and distribution discs in the device cannot be used, and the seed surface will not be sufficiently and evenly moistened, thus failing to achieve proper coating. Therefore, viscosity also affects the amount of coating retained on the seed surface. The seeds can include corn, wheat, and other cereal grains such as barley, oats, rye, rice, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, sugar beets, soybeans, cottonseed, sorghum, fruits, vegetables, grass, and other small seeds such as beans, peas, lentils, peanuts, or rice. The suspension can also be applied to vegetable and fruit seeds, such as cucumber, tomato, and similar fruits. It is an object of the present invention to achieve an increase in seed germination by means of SAP in dry and semi-dry areas, to improve the flow properties in the transport of the seeds and the application of the seeds to increase the efficiency of SAP deposition on the seed, to increase the uniformity of SAP on the seeds, to suppress the formation of seed clumps during the coating process as well as after the coating process, to use SAP as a carrier of the active substances, and to use SAP as a depth stabilizer of seeds. The seed coating method, using the superabsorbent-based suspension according to the invention, comprises dosing the suspension, which includes the superabsorbent, adhesives in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, the lubricant, and anti-static additives, onto the seeds in the seed coating device for 5 to 20 seconds, and then releasing the coated seeds from the device for 1 to 10 seconds. The suspension is dosed at a rate of 0.1 to 15% by weight, preferably 1 to 10% by weight, for example, 1 to 5% or 1 to 2.5% by weight, relative to the weight and type of seed. The amount of suspension to be dosed also depends on the quality of the seed itself, particularly its purity or dustiness. As dustiness increases, the dosage of the suspension increases for all crops.At the same time, the risk of agglomeration due to dust increases. In a preferred embodiment of the seed coating method, the suspension comprises the active substances mentioned above. Description of the drawings The invention will also be supported by the figures, where Figure 1 shows corn plants germinated from uncoated (left) and coated (right) seeds with the present IVIA / t / ZUZZ / UΊ UU10 suspension. Example modalities The implementation of the present invention will be explained by example. The preferred embodiment has no limiting effect on the scope of protection. The singular and plural forms used in the application and claims are used interchangeably (e.g., adhesive - adhesives). Example 1: Table 1 below shows example compositions of this suspension suitable for the hydrostimulant coating of soybean, sorghum, sugar beet, maize, wheat, and rapeseed seeds. The weight percentages are given relative to 100% by weight of the resulting suspension. ivia / t / zuzz / u ι uu io Seed SAP Water Ethanol Adhesive Lubricant Additive Antistatic Additive [% by weight] [% by weight] [% by weight] [% by weight] [% by weight] [% by weight] Soybean 36.0 2.4 46.4 8.0 6.2 1.0 Sorghum 39.5 2.1 49.7 7.0 0.8 0.9 Sugar Beet 32.7 3.6 51.9 6.0 4.6 1.2 Maize 26.7 3.4 61.9 4.0 2.0 2.0 Wheat 26.3 5.8 50.8 9.6 5.3 2.2 Rapeseed 28.4 4.5 53.6 3.8 5.6 4.1 Table 1. Example compositions of the present suspension in different types of seeds. Example 2: The method for coating the seed with the present suspension comprises dosing a suspension comprising a potassium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, polyvinyl acetate in a solution of water and ethanol, talc, and flaked graphite for 10 seconds onto a wheat seed in a seed treatment device, followed by releasing the coated wheat seed from the seed treatment device for 3 seconds. The seed coated with the suspension is then dried. The result is a uniformly coated wheat seed that does not stick to other seeds. Example 3: The method for coating the seed with the present suspension comprises dosing a suspension containing a potassium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, polyvinyl acetate in an aqueous and ethanol solution, polypropylene, and flaked graphite for 16 seconds onto a corn seed previously coated with pesticide (active agent) in a seed treatment plant, followed by releasing the coated corn seed from the seed treatment device for 6 seconds. The seed coated with the suspension is then dried. The result is a uniformly coated corn seed that does not stick to other seeds. Furthermore, the pesticide coating is protected by the coating of the present suspension, reducing dust and abrasion of the individual seeds. Example 4: The method for coating the seed with the present suspension comprises dosing a pesticide (active ingredient) onto a rapeseed in a seed treatment device, immediately followed by dosing a suspension comprising a potassium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, polyvinylpyrrolidone in an aqueous and ethanol solution, talc, and flaked graphite onto a rapeseed in a seed treatment device for 5 seconds, followed by releasing the coated rapeseed from the seed treatment device for 2 seconds. The seed coated with the suspension is then dried. The result is a uniformly treated and coated rapeseed that does not stick to other seeds. The dosage of the pesticide (active substance) and the present suspension has also been reduced to a single step without the need to release the seed from the seed treatment device. Example 5: The method for coating the seed with the present suspension comprises dosing a suspension comprising a potassium acrylate-acrylamide copolymer, polyvinyl acetate in an aqueous and ethanol solution, talc, flaked graphite, and a biostimulant (active agent) for 15 seconds onto a soybean seed in the seed treatment device, followed by releasing the coated soybean seed from the seed treatment device for 9 seconds. The seed coated with the suspension is then dried. The result is a biostimulant-treated and coated soybean seed that does not stick to other seeds. Example 6: A comparison of rapeseed with a hydrostimulant coating containing the present suspension and rapeseed without a hydrostimulant coating at 3 different test stations in the Czech Republic exposed to different climatic conditions (A - Chlumec nad IVIA / t / ZUZZ / U 1 UU1 or Cidlinou, B - Opava, C - Luzany u Pfestic), see Table 2. At test station B, above-average dryness conditions were recorded, which was reflected in the higher yield (19%) compared to the control. ABC Test Station Coated seeds 5.39 3.22 6.13 Uncoated seeds 5.11 2.70 5.85 Yield increase 5% 19% 5% Table 2. Comparison of rapeseed yields with and without the present suspension. Example 7: The mean values ​​for germination and growth parameters of wheat seeds coated with this suspension compared to uncoated control seeds are shown in Table 3. This suspension had a positive effect on all measured parameters. Seeds coated with this suspension showed improved germination, fewer abnormalities and pathologies in germinated plants, and greater biomass both above and below ground. Parameter Coated seed Uncoated seed Germination rate after 48 h [%] 94.17 83.33 Germination rate after 192 h [%] 97.50 93.75 Non-germinated seeds [%] 2.50 6.25 Abnormally germinated seeds [%] 1.25 2.15 Germination pathologies [%] 3.75 8.40 Stem length [mm] 64.27 56.59 Number of roots [pieces / plant] 3.88 3.67 Root length [mm / plant] 278.48 262.48 Biomass weight [mm / plant] 14.38 13.51 Table 3. Average germination values ​​and growth parameters of wheat seeds Example 8: Figure 1 shows maize plants germinated from uncoated (left) and coated (right) seeds with the present suspension. Plants germinated from coated seeds have a greater amount of biomass, a better-developed root system, and more leafy parts compared to uncoated plants. Example 9: The Heubach test is used to determine the amount of dust and abrasion particles that flow freely around the treated seed under defined mechanical stress conditions. The value recommended by the European Seed Treatment Assurance (ESTA) is 0.5 g of particles / 700,000 seeds. For rapeseed coated with this suspension, a value of 0.1783 g of particles / 700,000 seeds was achieved, which is below the recommended limit. The low dust and abrasion of the seeds is particularly valuable in terms of safety during operation (especially in the case of, for example, pesticide treatment) and the effectiveness of the entire coating process, namely the amount of coating that remains on the seed. Industrial applicability The present invention is applicable to the coating of seeds of agricultural and horticultural crops to improve germination, enhance stand balance, accelerate water uptake by the roots, stabilize seed position in the substrate, and increase yield. It is also applicable to the coating of granular and microgranular fertilizers to bind the nutrients and substances contained therein for subsequent sustained release.

Claims

1. A superabsorbent-based suspension suitable for the hydrostimulating coating of seeds, comprising a superabsorbent, adhesives dispersed or dissolved in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, lubricating additives suitable for improving the flow properties of the seeds, and an anti-static additive suitable for eliminating electrical charge, characterized in that the superabsorbent comprises an acrylate-acrylamide copolymer in the range of 25 to 40% by weight of the suspension, the adhesive dispersion or solution comprising water in the range of 0.1 to 8% by weight of the suspension, ethanol and / or isopropanol in the range of 40 to 70% by weight of the suspension, and adhesives in the range of 1 to 10% by weight of the suspension, plus lubricating additives in the range of 0.1 to 15% by weight of the suspension, and the anti-static additive in the range of 0.1 to 5% by weight of the suspension.

2. The suspension according to claim 1, characterized in that the superabsorbent is a copolymer of potassium acrylate and acrylamide.

3. The suspension according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that the adhesive is polyvinyl acetate, hydroxymethylcellulose, hydroxyethylcellulose, hydroxypropylcellulose, carboxymethylcellulose, polyvinylpyrrolidone, lignin sulfonate, acacia or carbohydrates.

4. The suspension according to claim 1, 2 or 3, characterized in that the lubricating additives are graphite, talc, molybdenum disulfide, polytetrafluoroethylene, polypropylene or mixtures thereof.

5. The suspension according to claim 1, 2, 3 or 4, characterized in that the unsightly additive is flaked graphite.

6. The suspension according to any of the preceding claims, characterized in that it comprises active substances for improving the properties of the seed.

7. The suspension according to claim 6, characterized in that it comprises the active substances for improving the properties of the seed in the range of 0.1 to 10% by weight of the suspension.

8. The suspension according to claims 6 and 7, characterized in that the active substances for improving the properties of the seed are nutrients, fertilizers, vitamins, micronutrients and macronutrients, minerals, inoculants, wetting agents, pesticides such as insecticides, fungicides, herbicides, biocides and biopesticides, biofertilizers, growth regulators or biostimulants.

9. The suspension according to any of claims 1 to 8, characterized in that the coated seed is in particular maize, wheat and other cereal seeds such as barley, oats, rye, rice, sunflower seeds, rapeseed, sugar beet, soybean, cotton, sorghum, chickpea, fruit, vegetables, grass and other small seeds such as beans, peas, lentils and peanuts.

10. The method of coating a seed with the suspension according to claims 1 to 9, characterized in that it comprises dosing the suspension comprising the superabsorbent, the adhesives in a solution of water and ethanol and / or water and isopropanol, lubricant and anti-static additives for 5 to 20 seconds onto the seed in the seed treatment device, followed by releasing the coated seed from the seed treatment device for 1 to 10 seconds and drying the coated seed.

11. The method according to claim 10, characterized in that the suspension is dosed in an amount of 0.1 to 15% by weight with reference to the weight of the seed.

12. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the suspension is dosed onto the seed previously treated with at least one active substance from the group comprising a nutrient, fertilizer, vitamin, micronutrient and macronutrient, mineral, inoculant, wetting agent, pesticide, insecticide, herbicide, fungicide, biocide, biopesticide, biofertilizer, growth regulator or biostimulant.

13. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that it comprises dosing the active ingredient according to claim 12 onto the seed immediately before dosing the suspension.

14. The method according to claim 10 or 11, characterized in that the suspension comprises the active substances according to claim 12.