Hazardous goods alerting system in transportation of freight

Abstract

The present invention relates to a system for monitoring hazardous goods placed inside a freight container during sea transportation. The system (200) comprises a sensor module (201) to detect environmental parameters inside the container and 5 generate corresponding sensory data (202). A processing unit (206) compares the sensory data (202) against predefined threshold values (204) and determines safety protocols (208). If the sensory data (202) exceeds any of these thresholds (204), the processing unit (206) generates anomaly data (207). The processing unit (206) further processes the sensory data (202) using a rule set (205). The determined 10 safety protocols (208) are executed either by system communication unit (209) or activating safety devices (210) to neutralize the hazard directly. Lastly, the system communication unit (209) transmits the anomaly data (207) and the determined safety protocols (208) to a remote communication unit (211).

Description

[0001] HAZARDOUS GOODS ALERTING SYSTEM IN TRANSPORTATION OF FREIGHT CONTAINER

[0002] FIELD OF INVENTION

[0003] The present invention relates generally to hazardous good transportation in multimodal freight containers and more particularly to a system and for monitoring hazardous goods placed inside a freight container during sea transportation and providing intelligent decision support system.

[0004] BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0005] The invention is situated against the backdrop of the complex and critical challenges associated with the transportation of Hazardous goods containers worldwide. These hazardous materials encompass a range of substances, including explosives, flammable materials, toxic chemicals, and corrosive compounds, all of which pose substantial safety and security concerns. The existing monitoring systems in place have often proven inadequate, falling short in providing real-time data, comprehensive tracking capabilities, and intelligent decision support. As such, there is a pressing need for a groundbreaking and integrated solution that can effectively address these limitations, ensuring the secure transit of Hazardous goods.

[0006] Intermodal freight transportation, which involves the movement of shipping containers across various modes of transport such as ships, trucks, and trains, is a vital component of the global trade network. Ensuring the safety and security of the cargo contained within these intermodal shipping containers is of paramount importance. However, existing monitoring systems have shown deficiencies in offering comprehensive solutions for both tracking the movement of containers and monitoring internal conditions, including factors such as air quality, gas leaks, temperature, and humidity.

[0007] Recent years have witnessed disastrous incidents of shipboard explosions and fires involving laden containers, drawing significant attention to the urgent need for enhanced safety measures in the transportation of goods. These tragic events have resulted in substantial damage to cargo, vessels, and, most importantly, human lives. In response to these incidents, various attempts have been made to address the safety issues associated with hazardous goods containers. Unfortunately, existing monitoring systems have often been unable to provide valuable solutions to effectively mitigate these risks. These incidents underscore the critical importance of advancements in container monitoring and tracking technology to enhance cargo safety and security throughout the intermodal transportation process.

[0008] In addition to the incidents involving ship-borne containers, it is vital to recognize that the carriage of hazardous goods in shipping containers is highly regulated and subject to strict international standards. The Safety of Life at Sea (SOLAS) Convention, in conjunction with the International Maritime Hazardous Goods (IMDG) Code, establishes comprehensive regulations governing the sea transportation of hazardous goods. These regulations extend to the various modes of transportation involved before or after the sea voyage. Hazardous goods are classified into nine different classes based on their specific characteristics and the level of danger they pose, encompassing substances that are explosive, combustible, corrosive, ignitable, radioactive, poisonous, or classified as marine pollutants. Proper marking, labeling, and placarding of containers carrying Hazardous goods are essential for the safety of personnel, vessels, and the environment. Shippers are obligated to declare the presence of hazardous goods when offering them for shipment, allowing carriers and relevant authorities to take necessary precautions.

[0009] The background description includes basic of the field of invention including a study of recent technologies along with a few patent literatures that may be useful in understanding the present invention. To know more about the background of the present invention, the details are explained herein below.

[0010] The first US Patent literature holding the Patent No. US20230208918A1 with the title "Systems and Methods for Securely Monitoring a Shipping Container for an Environmental Anomaly" describes systems, apparatus, and methods in the field of detecting an environmental anomaly onboard a container and responsively initiating an improved mediation response. In particular, the present disclosure relates to various aspects involving systems, apparatus, and methods for improved environmental anomaly detection, related enhanced layered alerting as part of a mediated response, and initiating layered types of mediation responses to such an environmental anomaly using one or more elements of an adaptive, context-aware wireless node network. However, the document misses to discuss the decision intelligent support system where it analyzes the situation and accordingly alerts the response team and triggers the response mechanism in an efficient manner.

[0011] The second patent literature holding Application No. US7825795B2 with the title "Container tracking system" mentions that shipping containers are networked for transferring data between the shipping containers. The shipping containers include sensors for detecting hazardous conditions associated with the shipping containers. The hazardous condition sensed by any shipping container on a ship is transmitted through the network to a satellite transmitter and / or a radio transmitter for reporting to a central database. The document misses to mention that the intelligent support system analyzes the situation and accordingly alerts the response team and triggers the response mechanism in an efficient manner.

[0012] The third patent literature holding the Application No. US41447906A with tile “Locking mechanism, systems and methods for cargo container transport security” mentions about a network of sensors inside a cargo container, each sensor capable of generating sensor information pertaining to the environment within the cargo container; an operation center; and a device (e.g., a lock) outside of the cargo container capable of communicating with the network of sensors (possibly using a wireless standard) and with the operation center (possibly using a satellite or cellular network), capable of receiving the sensor information, and capable of reporting a message based on the sensor information to the operation center.

[0013] The sensor network may include an arrangement of temperature sensors, humidity sensors, radioactivity sensors, chemical / biological toxin sensors, chemical explosive sensors, vibration sensors, sound sensors, collision sensors, and / or light sensors. The device may include a communication module capable of communicating with other devices on other containers. The operation center may monitor messages received from the devices to determine proper responses. The invention does not explain about the intelligent support system analyzes the situation and accordingly alerts the response team and triggers the response mechanism in an efficient manner.

[0014] In this context, the development of innovative methods and systems for monitoring Hazardous goods containers has become paramount. The urgency to enhance container monitoring and tracking technologies cannot be overstated, as these advancements are not only vital for ensuring the safety of maritime personnel, vessels, and the environment but also for preserving the integrity and efficiency of global trade. The imperative to address this critical issue is clear, given the direct correlation between hazardous goods shipments, and the incidence of maritime disasters. The invention represents a significant step forward in meeting these imperative needs, providing a comprehensive and integrated solution for monitoring and ensuring the safe transit of hazardous goods.

[0015] The transportation of hazardous goods requires stringent safety protocols and real-time decision-making to prevent incidents that may result in environmental hazards, personal injury, or property damage. Current systems lack a comprehensive, integrated decision management process that analyzes risks, including the impact of neighboring hazardous goods and the vessel’s firefighting and pollution prevention resources. There is therefore a need for an improved, efficient, and systematic method to manage incidents involving hazardous goods during transit, tailored to both the vessel’s capabilities and the specific risks posed by other stored materials.

[0016] OBJECTS OF THE INVENTION

[0017] Object of the present invention is to provide a comprehensive system which ensures the safe and secure transportation of hazardous goods in ship borne freight containers while providing real-time monitoring, alerts, and tracking capabilities, thus mitigating the risks associated with these sensitive cargo shipments.

[0018] The instant invention provides a decision management system and method that involves detecting hazardous incidents, tracking affected containers, identifying the hazardous cargo, assessing associated risks, implementing containment measures, escalating communication, and resolving the incident. This system is unique in that it evaluates the proximity of other hazardous goods stored near the affected container, assesses the vessel’s firefighting and pollution prevention capabilities, and integrates these factors into the decision-making process.

[0019] SUMMARY OF INVENTION

[0020] The present disclosure is directed towards a system for monitoring hazardous goods inside a freight container. The system comprises a sensor module to detect environmental parameters such as combustible gas concentration, hazardous gas concentration, and temperature inside the container and generate corresponding sensory data. Here, the combustible gas sensor is adapted to sense the concentration of combustible gases in an environment inside of the container and to generate the first sensory data, the air quality sensor is adapted to sense the concentration of hazardous gases other than detectable by the air quality gas sensor and adapted to generate a second sensory data, and the temperature sensor is adapted to sense a third sensory data. A processing unit compares the sensory data against predefined threshold values and determines safety protocols. If the sensory data exceeds any of these thresholds, the processing unit generates anomaly data. The processing unit further processes the sensory data using a rule set stored in the memory unit. This rule set includes conditions based on the sensory thresholds, and safety protocols to be followed. Based on this processing, the system determines safety protocols to handle the identified conditions. The determined safety protocols are executed by either communicating them to the system communication unit or activating safety devices to neutralize the hazard directly. Lastly, the system communication unit transmits the anomaly data and the determined safety protocols to a remote communication unit.

[0021] According to one of the embodiment, a booking information database includes a goods information present in the container and a rule set within the memory that processes sensory data along with information about the goods stored in the container. The rule set considers the chemical composition, hazard classification, and storage requirements of the goods to determine appropriate safety protocols.

[0022] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the processing unit evaluates sensory data and information about safety devices available on the container or vehicle such as firefighting systems, pollution prevention mechanisms etc. to determine and execute suitable safety protocols.

[0023] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the processing unit monitors sensory data after an anomaly is detected, ensuring it remains below thresholds for a predefined period before deeming conditions safe. It also records the activation of safety devices and user inputs into a historical database.

[0024] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the the processing unit analyzes the sensory data patterns using historical data stored in the database. It uses these patterns to recommend safety protocols based on past incidents and trends.

[0025] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the processing unit analyzes the pattern of sensory data and identifies risks and determines the likelihood of specific hazards arising.

[0026] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the processing unit is adapted to simulate various hazardous scenarios, illustrating the impact of different safety protocols.

[0027] According to one of the embodiment, wherein a location sensor provides geographic or positional information of the container, which is sent along with sensory and anomaly data to the communication unit for enhanced tracking and situational awareness. According to other embodiment, wherein location data includes geographic location or positional information about the container’s placement in its environment, enabling a comprehensive understanding of its surroundings.

[0028] According to other embodiment, wherein the processing unit uses location data to identify neighboring containers and generate a visual representation of their arrangement on a vehicle, aiding in risk assessment related to the proximity of hazardous goods.

[0029] According to another embodiment, wherein the processing unit process the container information and goods information for classification of hazardous goods in neighboring containers to evaluate potential hazards. It determines safety protocols to address risks from hazardous goods.

[0030] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the processing unit generates an escalating signal if sensory data remains above thresholds for a predefined period. The processing unit sends escalating signal to an escalation communication device for timely action.

[0031] According to one of the embodiment, wherein sensors and processing units are placed within a device located near ventilation openings in the container.

[0032] According to one of the embodiment, where the device is powered by a battery source optionally rechargeable via a solar panel. The system switches between deep sleep and optimum modes to optimize energy usage while maintaining monitoring efficiency.

[0033] According to one of the embodiment, where the sensory module also includes ambient light, motion, and impact sensors to enhance situational awareness. These sensors detect changes like light levels, movement, or physical impacts, triggering active monitoring and improving system responsiveness.

[0034] According to one of the embodiment, wherein the system communication module include GSM, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication modules. These ensure reliable data transmission to remote units under various geographic and operational conditions.

[0035] To further understand the characteristics and technical contents along with technical advantages and exemplary data of the present disclosure, a description relating thereto will be made with reference to the accompanying drawings. However, the drawings are illustrative only but not used to limit the scope of the present subject matter.

[0036] BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0037] It is to be noted, however, that the appended drawings illustrate only typical embodiments of the present subject matter and are therefore not to be considered for limiting of its scope, for the invention may admit to other equally effective embodiments. The detailed description is described with reference to the accompanying figures. In the figures, a reference number identifies the figure in the reference number first appears. The same numbers are used throughout the figures to reference like features and components. Some embodiments of system or method or structure in accordance with embodiments of the present subject matter are now described, by way of example, and with reference to the accompanying figures, in which: Figure 1 illustrates a system diagram according to an embodiment of the present invention; Figure 2 illustrates an embodiment of monitoring device according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0038] Figure 3 is a plan view of shipping container mounted with monitoring device;

[0039] Figure 4 is a plan view of a shipping containers monitoring system, according to embodiment of the present invention.

[0040] Figure 5 illustrate a method flow diagram which shows the process flow for alerting hazardous condition in the container.

[0041] Figure 6 (a, b) illustrates an example showing ther real time location of the device and stowage location on the container on board ship.

[0042] The figures depict embodiments of the present subject matter for the purposes of illustration only. A person skilled in the art will easily recognize from the following description that alternative embodiments of the device and process illustrated herein may be employed without departing from the principles of the disclosure described herein.

[0043] DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The best and other modes for carrying out the present invention are presented in terms of the embodiments, herein depicted in Drawings provided. The embodiments are described herein for illustrative purposes and are subject to many variations. It is understood that various omissions and substitutions of equivalents are contemplated as circumstances may suggest or render expedient, but are intended to cover the application or implementation without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention. Further, it is to be understood that the phraseology and terminology employed herein are for the purpose of the description and should not be regarded as limiting. Any heading utilized within this description is for convenience only and has no legal or limiting effect.

[0045] The terms “a” and “an” herein do not denote a limitation of quantity, but rather denote the presence of at least one of the referenced items.

[0046] The terms "comprises", "comprising", or any other variations thereof, are intended to cover a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process or method that comprises a list of steps does not include only those steps but may include other steps not expressly listed or inherent to such a process or method. Similarly, one or more sub-systems or elements or structures or components preceded by "comprises... a" does not, without more constraints, preclude the existence of other, sub-systems, elements, structures, components, additional sub-systems, additional elements, additional structures or additional components. Appearances of the phrase "in an embodiment", "in another embodiment" and similar language throughout this specification may, but not necessarily do, all refer to the same embodiment.

[0047] For the purpose of promoting an understanding of the principles of the invention, reference will now be made to the embodiment illustrated in the figures and specific language will be used to describe them. It will nevertheless be understood that no limitation of the scope of the invention is thereby intended. Such alterations and further modifications in the illustrated system, and such further applications of the principles of the invention as would normally occur to those skilled in the art are to be construed as being within the scope of the present invention.

[0048] It will be understood by those skilled in the art that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary and explanatory of the invention and are not intended to be restrictive thereof.

[0049] Unless otherwise defined, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by those skilled in the art to which this invention belongs.

[0050] The system, method, and examples provided herein are only illustrative and not intended to be limiting.

[0051] Embodiments of the present invention will be described below in detail with reference to the accompanying figures.

[0052] The present invention relates generally to hazardous goods transportation in multimodal freight containers and more particularly to a system and method for monitoring hazardous goods placed inside a freight container during sea transportation and providing intelligent decision support system. This is elaborated using Figures 1 to 6.

[0053] Figure 1 illustrates a system (200) designed to monitor hazardous goods placed inside a freight container. The system operates by sensing, processing, and communicating environmental data within the container to ensure the safety of the goods, and their surroundings.

[0054] The system includes a sensor module (201) that gathers critical data from the environment inside the container. The sensor module (201) is equipped with a combustible gas sensor (201a) that detects the concentration of combustible gases and generates a first sensory data (202a). An air quality sensor (201b) measures the concentration of hazardous gases other than those detected by the combustible gas sensor and generates second sensory data (202b). A temperature sensor (201c) senses the temperature inside the container and generates third sensory data (202c).

[0055] The system additionally includes a location sensor (20 Id) that provides the geographic location of the container, or positional information of the container in an environment where the container is placed, as location data (202d) of the container, an ambient light sensor (20 le) to detect changes in ambient light near the device, a motion sensor (20 If) to detect movement in the vicinity, and an impact sensor (201g) to detect physical impacts on the container. The sensory data (202) also includes timestamp data (202e) which is related to the time when the data is sensed and battery voltage data (202f) at the time stamp, generated to support comprehensive monitoring. Hence, the sensor module (201) collects real-time data from smart containers equipped using one or more sensors that monitor parameters like location, temperature, humidity, gas levels etc.

[0056] The processing unit (206) serves as the central control unit of the system (200), receiving sensory data (202) from the sensor module (201). It compares this data against predefined threshold values (204) stored in the memory unit (203), which includes first threshold data (204a) for combustible gas concentrations, second threshold data (204b) for hazardous gas concentrations, and third threshold data (204c) for temperature. In other words, the first threshold (204a) is related to an allowable concentration of combustible gases inside the container, the second threshold (204b) relates to an allowable concentration of hazardous gases inside the container and the third threshold (204c) relates to an allowable temperature inside the container. For instance, flammable gas %LEL and Air Quality Index threshold setting are used for anomaly classification and detection.

[0057] In an embodiment, the location data (202d) helps the processing unit (206) identify the geographic or positional information of the container. The location data, combined with sensory data (202) is sent via the system communication unit (209) to the remote communication unit (211). Furthermore, the system (200) may includes timestamp data (202e) and battery voltage data (202f) alongside the location data (202d) to provide a complete picture of the container's environmental and operational status. In other words, the location data (202d) of containers helps in container identification which is neighboring to each other and generates a visual representation of containers placed onto the vehicle. The location data (202d), combined with sensory data (202) is sent via the system communication unit (209) to the remote communication unit (211). For instance, this integration ensures that if an anomaly like a gas leak is detected, the exact location and time of the event are communicated to relevant authorities, enabling a timely response. These features make the system (200) not only reactive but also situationally aware, ensuring that hazards are managed effectively and efficiently while providing actionable data to remote teams for informed decision-making.

[0058] In an embodiment, the location of hazardous goods containers and device sensor readings is typically built on an loT (Internet of Things) platform.

[0059] If the sensory data (202) exceeds any of these thresholds (204), the processing unit (206) generates anomaly data (207). The processing unit (206) further processes the sensory data (202) using a rule set (205) stored in the memory unit (203). This rule set (205) includes conditions based on the sensory thresholds (204) i.e. the concentration of combustible gases, the concentration of hazardous gases, the temperatures, etc. The rule set also includes safety protocols (208) to be followed with respect to the sensory data (202) to determine safety protocols (208) to handle current environmental conditions. The Processing unit (206) activates safety devices (210) based on the determined safety protocol (208). The processing unit (206) may communicates determined safety protocols (208) to a remote communication unit (211) via a system communication unit (209). The processing unit (206) determines appropriate safety protocols (208), which may involve activating safety devices (210), such as firefighting equipment or pollution prevention mechanisms, or communicating alerts and protocols through the system communication unit (209). The memory unit (203) also contains a booking information database (212) with details about the goods inside the container, such as an identification reference of the goods placed in the container, chemical composition of the goods, hazard classification as per a predefined hazard classification criteria, and storage requirements information related to conditions in which the good is to be stored. By combining this data with the thresholds (204) stored in the memory unit (203), such as the first threshold (204a) for combustible gas concentrations, second threshold (204b) for hazardous gas levels, and third threshold (204c) for allowable temperature, the rule set (205)enables the system (200) to dynamically evaluate environmental conditions. The rule set (205) also includes safety protocols (208) to be followed with respect to the sensory data (202) along with goods information, to determine safety protocols (208) to handle environmental conditions. Based on this processing, the system determines context-sensitive safety protocols (208). For example, the rule set (205) may dictate the activation of cooling systems if the temperature exceeds the storage requirements for flammable goods or trigger firefighting equipment if hazardous gas concentrations are detected.

[0060] Further the safety protocols (208) may involve activating safety devices (210), such as firefighting devices or pollution prevention means present on the vehicle carrying the hazardous goods, or communicating alerts and protocols through the system communication unit (209).

[0061] In an embodiment, the firefighting devices may be fixed or portable.

[0062] In such cases, the processing unit (206) considers details of safety devices (210), such as the number and capability of firefighting devices or pollution prevention means present on the vehicles and goods information present in a container along with sensory data (202) to determine the appropriate safety protocol (208) to address the detected hazard and activate appropriate safety devices (210).

[0063] For instance, in the event of a detected gas leak, the processing unit may instruct the activation of firefighting devices based on their proximity, capacity, and suitability for the specific hazard. This intelligent decision-making ensures that the safety measures are both effective and tailored to the conditions within the container. By dynamically correlating sensory data (202), goods information, and safety device (210) details, the processing unit (206) enables real-time responses to anomalies, ensuring optimal safety and compliance with regulations. This integration of multiple data points and its ability to trigger precise safety actions underline the importance of the processing unit (206) in the system (200).

[0064] Additionally, a historical database (214) stores patterns of sensory data (202) and associated safety protocols (208) to support decision-making based on historical events and trends. The processing unit (206) continuously monitors the sensory data (202), such as gas concentrations, temperature, or other environmental factors, from the moment an anomaly is detected. It evaluates whether the sensory data (202) falls below the respective thresholds (204) and verifies if the conditions remain stable for the entire predefined time period. This ensures that any fluctuations or recurring anomalies are accounted for before concluding that the environment has returned to a safe state. During this monitoring, the processing unit (206) also records the activation of safety devices (210) or logs user inputs (213) regarding the safety protocols (208) implemented. For instance, if a particular pattern of rising combustible gas levels has historically resulted in a fire hazard, the system can preemptively activate firefighting devices or escalate warnings. This data is stored in the historical database (214), providing a record of historical patterns of combustible gases, hazardous gases, temperature etc. This approach enhances the reliability of the system by preventing premature conclusions about the resolution of hazardous situations.

[0065] In an embodiment, the processing unit (206) determine the patterns in sensory data (202) and process the patterns with historical data form historical database(214) and safety protocols (208) chosen during those historical patterns to determine the appropriate safety protocols (208). For instance, the hazardous conditions such as spikes in ambient temperature, the presence of explosive gases, impacts on the container, and equipment tampering are time- stamped and stored in historical database (214) for analyzing recurring patterns and predicting potential hazards.

[0066] In an embodiment, the processing unit (206) analyzes historical patterns of combustible gases, hazardous gases, temperature levels, to identify conditions that previously led to hazardous incidents. This data also includes records of past safety protocols (208) implemented during similar situations and their outcomes, that occurred under specific sensory patterns. By correlating the real-time sensory data (202) with this historical information, the processing unit (206) can detect emerging trends that may indicate the likelihood of a similar hazard occurring.

[0067] For example, if a combination of rising hazardous gas levels and temperature spikes historically resulted in a chemical reaction, the system can proactively recommend or activate safety measures, such as ventilation systems or evacuating the area, before the situation escalates. This predictive capability allows the system (200) to go beyond reactive responses, providing early warnings and preemptive actions to mitigate risks. By continuously learning from historical data, the system (200) evolves to handle complex scenarios more effectively, ensuring enhanced safety and operational efficiency over .

[0068] In an embodiment, the processing unit (206) is equipped to simulate various hazardous scenarios based on the rule set (205), sensory data (202), and historical data from the historical database (214) to illustrate the potential impacts of different safety protocols (208) and their outcomes. For instance, the processing unit can model what might happen if safety devices (210), such as firefighting equipment, are activated under certain gas concentrations or temperatures, providing a risk assessment for various safety strategies. These simulations are especially useful for testing responses to complex or uncommon situations and optimizing protocols without actual risk, enhancing preparedness and system efficiency.

[0069] In other embodiments, the processing unit (206) simulates and adapts scenarios by modifying operational thresholds (204), ensuring flexibility and responsiveness in hazardous environments via the server software commands. The processing unit (206) allows threshold adjustments for motion detection, temperature, gas, and set intervals for sensor (201) wakeup and data transmission.

[0070] The processing unit (206) also evaluates and manages potential hazards arising from the placement and classification of hazardous goods in neighboring containers. The processing unit (206) utilizes container identification data and goods information from the booking information database (212) to assess the nature and proximity of goods stored in adjacent containers. This data helps in to determine potential hazards / risks with respect to the placement of the hazardous goods in neighboring containers. For instance, if one container holds a flammable material and another nearby contains an oxidizing agent, the processing unit identifies the potential for a hazardous reaction and generates appropriate anomaly data (207) or safety protocols (208) to mitigate the risk.

[0071] This classification-based hazard assessment is informed by sensory data (202), historical patterns from the historical database (214), and the rule set (205) in the memory unit (203), which defines conditions under which such risks must be addressed. The processing unit (206) evaluates these factors to recommend or implement safety measures, such as rearranging container placements, increasing monitoring frequency, or activating safety devices (210).

[0072] The system in Fig. l, escalates responses when hazardous conditions persist beyond a predefined time period, ensuring a robust safety mechanism. The processing unit (206) continuously monitors sensory data (202) from the sensor module (201), such as gas concentrations, temperature, or other environmental factors. If any of these data points exceed their respective thresholds (204) and remain above the thresholds for a predefined time, the processing unit (206) generates an escalation signal / alert. This signal is sent via the system communication unit (209) to one or more escalation communication devices (215), alerting remotely placed personnel or authorities about the critical situation. The predefined time period ensures that transient or minor anomalies do not trigger unnecessary escalation, allowing the system to distinguish between temporary fluctuations and persistent hazardous conditions. For instance, if the temperature inside the container exceeds the allowable range due to external environmental changes but stabilizes within the acceptable limits, the system avoids unnecessary alerts. However, if the condition remains unresolved, the escalation mechanism ensures timely intervention to prevent further risks. This capability complements the activation of safety devices (210) and provides an additional layer of safety by notifying relevant stakeholders, enabling them to take immediate corrective action.

[0073] In an embodiment, proximity sensor sends a alert when triggered. The sensor incorporates additional sensors like motion (20 If) and proximity sensors to detect environmental changes or tampering and initiate alerts.

[0074] In an embodiment, the decision-making criteria for triggering alerts include the severity of the issue, the frequency of the condition being met, the potential impact on the system (200), and the context in which the alert is triggered. Further, Fig.2 discloses a device (200a) placed at or near the ventilation openings of the container to optimize hazard detection and management in freight containers (shown in Fig.3). The sensors (201) and at least one processing unit (206) are installed inside a device (200a). This strategic placement ensures that the system (200) can accurately monitor environmental conditions such as gas concentrations, temperature, and other hazardous parameters by taking measurements from areas. The device (200a) is powered by a power supply (216) to ensure consistent functionality. The power supply (216) includes battery source (216a) can optionally be recharged using a solar panel (216b) integrated into or mounted onto the housing of the device (200a). This capability ensures uninterrupted operation, even in remote locations or during long transportation periods, where external power supply may not be available. Even in scenarios where external power sources are unavailable. The system (200) is designed to operate in two distinct modes: deep sleep mode and optimum mode, to optimize energy consumption. In deep sleep mode, the primary sensors, including the combustible gas sensor (201a), air quality sensor (201b), and temperature sensor (201c), are powered off, conserving battery life. The system (200) operates in Deep mode primarily. The Deep mode is activated when continuous monitoring is not immediately necessary or when no significant anomalies have been detected. In contrast, the optimum mode is activated during critical periods when real-time monitoring is essential. In this mode, the sensors (201) are fully powered, collecting environmental data and transmitting it via the system communication unit (209) to the remote communication unit (211) for analysis or escalation.

[0075] The communication unit (209) plays a pivotal role in sending critical information, such as sensory data (202), anomaly data (207), safety protocols (208), and alerts, to the remote communication unit (211) or other relevant devices. By leveraging these communication technologies, the system ensures that any detected anomalies, are promptly reported to remote person, enabling timely intervention. Additionally, the system can receive updates or commands from the remote communication unit (211), allowing for two-way interaction and dynamic adjustments to safety protocols or operational modes.

[0076] In an embodiment, the device transmits critical data such as device ID, sensor readings, battery voltage, and location at scheduled intervals.

[0077] In an embodiment, the solar panel (216b) is used for efficient battery charging while ensuring the battery is protected from overcharging and other potential issues. The solar panel (216b) avoids deep discharge and periodically perform controlled overcharging (equalization) to balance the charge across all battery cells.

[0078] In an embodiment, the device (200a) wakes up and enters into optimum mode under specific triggers, such as motion detection, ambient light activation, sensor parameter anomalies, or scheduled communication pings i.e Ping Home at Wifi, GSM and Satellite ping intervals.

[0079] In other embodiment, the device (200a) periodically wakes from deep sleep every second to activate the gas and air quality sensors, checking for anomalies such as temperature exceeding thresholds or the presence of hazardous gases. If an anomaly is detected, the data is stored in memory and transmitted via WiFi, GSM, or Satellite Communication.

[0080] In other embodiment, the accelerometer sensor detects impacts above a set threshold, waking the device to sense for anomalies. The sensor highlights motion and impact sensor integration.

[0081] Further, the integration of additional sensors within the sensor module (201), including an ambient light sensor (201e), a motion sensor (201f), an impact sensor (201g) and IR Camera (20 Ih), enhances situational awareness and responsiveness of the system (200). The ambient light sensor (20 le) detects changes in light levels in the vicinity of the device, which may indicate container door openings or breaches. The motion sensor (20 If) detects movement near the device, signaling potential tampering or unauthorized access to the container. Similarly, the impact sensor (201g) detects physical impacts on the container, which could result from accidents, rough handling, or collisions during transportation. In furtherance, the processing unit (206) manages the transition between two models of system (200) based on predefined conditions, such as the detection of motion, light, impact, or anomalies. For example, if the system detects a sudden increase in gas concentration or temperature, it immediately switches to optimum mode to actively monitor and report the situation.

[0082] For instance, if motion or impact is sensed near the container, the processing unit (206) powers up the primary sensors, such as the combustible gas sensor (201a), air quality sensor (201b), and temperature sensor (201c), to actively monitor for hazards such as gas leaks or temperature anomalies that may have been caused by the detected event. Additionally, the system (200) can activate optimum mode based on other triggers, such as the detection of an anomaly in the sensory data or at predefined time intervals for routine monitoring.

[0083] This layered approach ensures that the system (200) is not only energy-efficient but also highly responsive to real -world events that may impact the safety of the hazardous goods. By combining environmental monitoring with situational awareness provided by these additional sensors, the system (200) enhances its ability to detect, report, and respond to potential risks, ensuring comprehensive safety management for the container and its contents. This integration of ambient, motion, and impact data further strengthens the system's robustness and adaptability to dynamic operational conditions.

[0084] Fig. 3 shows the hazard monitoring device (200a) mounted on one or more freight containers with vent holes, carrying Hazardous goods. The housing of the monitoring device (200a) is typically constructed to be compact as possible, preferably shaped and sized to allow it to fit into the inside corrugation of a standard container rooftop panel where it will be protected from damage and not take up cargo space within the container. When mounted, the monitoring device (200a) cannot be accessed from the exterior. The device (200a) is encased in a durable, dust and water-resistant enclosure designed to withstand harsh maritime environments.

[0085] In Fig. 1, the system communication unit (209) is responsible for transmitting data to and from a remote communication unit (211) wirelessly. It supports GSM, Wi-Fi, and satellite communication methods to ensure reliable connectivity. The system communication unit (209) transmits anomaly data (207) and determined safety protocols (208) to the remote communication unit (211) for further action or monitoring.

[0086] Fig. 4 illustrates the principal components of the system are one or more hazardous-goods packed containers (200) mounted with monitoring device (200a) and a control centre (114). The hazardous-goods-monitoring container (200) is mounted on a freight container (200) using suitable mounting means. The hazardous-goods-monitoring device (200a) communicates with the control centre (114) by cellular telephone signal via a cellular telephone tower (102). The hazardous-goods-monitoring container (200) with monitoring device (200a) communicates with the control centre (114) by onshore wireless communication device (104) using a cellular telephone signal via a cellular tower (102). The hazardous-goods-monitoring device (200a) communicates with control centre (114) using satellite (106) communication via earth station (112). The shipboard hazardous-goods-monitoring device (200a) communicates with the control centre (114) by shipboard wireless communication station (110). The shipboard wireless communication station (110) use satellite communication (106) via earth station (112). The control centre using centralised cloud application (116) allows easy tracking and review of each container's position (200) during transit from origin to destination. The tracking logs capture each container's transit containers audit trail of events, with timestamps, GPS location and even types. The logs also monitor batterypower on the onboard device and sent alerts when battery power becomes low.

[0087] In an embodiment, the system communication unit (209), is transmitting data between the monitoring system (200) and external devices. The communication unit (209) is equipped with multiple communication modules (shown in Fig.2), including a GSM-based communication module, a Wi-Fi-based communication module, and a satellite -based communication module, ensuring reliable connectivity across a wide range of operational scenarios. This multi-channel communication unit allows the device(200a in fig. 2) to select the most suitable communication method based on availability and environmental conditions. If the device (200a) cannot connect to a server via WiFi, GSM, or Satellite, it stores the data locally and forwards it when the next connection becomes available. This redundancy in communication further strengthens the system’s ability (200) to ensure data is not lost.

[0088] In an embodiment, the device (200a) prioritizes WiFi as the first communication protocol while sending alerts. If WiFi is unavailable, it will then use cellular / LTE, and if cellular is also unavailable, it will switch to Satellite. This ensures that the device (200a) always attempts to use the most efficient protocol available for communicating with the server.

[0089] In an embodiment, LEDs on the PCB indicate the system’s status, such as GPS / Cellular connectivity or sensor values exceeding thresholds. These visual cues support real-time feedback, aligning indirectly with the overarching functionality and related sensor-triggered alerts. Further, Alerts and anomaly data are transmitted to a web server using HTTP POST requests in JSON format. The server logs this data into a database and displays it on a dashboard for visualization. The alert can take various forms such as emails, SMS etc. This robust communication infrastructure is integral to the system’s (200) ability to provide real-time monitoring and hazard management, regardless of geographic or operational constraints. It enhances the system's (200) reliability, ensuring that critical data is always accessible to decision-makers, thereby significantly improving the safety and efficiency of transporting hazardous goods. By integrating multiple communication methods, the system (200) is adaptable to diverse environments, making it a comprehensive and dependable solution for monitoring freight containers.

[0090] For example, in a hazardous goods container monitoring system, if the container is packed with flammable gas methane and the %LEL exceeds 5% for five consecutive minutes, an alert is triggered, the Hazardous contingency team is notified, and provide comments and actions such as -

[0091] Comments:

[0092] Spaces and areas where leakages or spillages have occurred should be evacuated downwind immediately. Take care: Flames may be invisible. Leaking gas may be extremely cold. Measures should be taken to prevent leaking gases from penetrating into any other part of the ship. Bear in mind that some gases are heavier than air or may otherwise accumulate in lower or non-ventilated parts of the ship. Ensure that there is no smoking or any other open fire on board unless the leak has been closed and all spaces have been ventilated. Particular attention should be taken in order to prevent gases drifting into occupied areas of the ship, e.g. living quarters, machinery spaces, working areas.

[0093] Wear protective clothing suitable for gas protection and self-contained breathing apparatus. Avoid all sources of ignition (e.g. naked lights, unprotected light bulbs, electric hand tools, friction). Wear non-sparking footwear. Even short inhalation of small quantities of gas can cause breathing difficulties. Keep clear of evolving gases. Avoid all skin contact. Let spilt liquefied gas evaporate. When in contact with cold liquefied gases, most materials become brittle and are likely to break without warning. Avoid all contact, even when wearing protective clothing. If practicable, protect ship’s superstructure with copious quantities of water. Do not direct waterjet onto the spill.

[0094] Actions: Do not enter space, provide adequate ventilation, where a ventilation system is used, particular attention should be taken in order to prevent gases penetrating into other areas of the ship. Let gas evaporate. Keep clear. Radio for expert.

[0095] Advice: Check atmosphere before entering (toxicity and explosion hazard). Do not enter space without self-contained breathing apparatus.

[0096] The software environment managing the location of hazardous goods containers and device sensor readings is typically built on an loT (Internet of Things) platform. This platform collects real-time data from smart containers equipped with sensors that monitor parameters like location, temperature, humidity, and gas levels. The data is transmitted to a secure cloud-based system (116) where it is processed and visualized on customizable dashboards. An integrated rule engine continuously analyzes the data, triggering alerts when anomalies such as temperature spikes or the presence of flammable gases are detected. These alerts are sent via multiple channels, ensuring prompt notification to relevant personnel. For hazardous goods, specific emergency procedures are in place based on their classification. For instance, if a temperature upswing is detected, cooling mechanisms are activated, or personnel are alerted to take immediate action. In the case of flammable gas detection, ventilation systems may be activated, and emergency response teams are notified to handle the situation according to safety protocols. This comprehensive system ensures the safe and efficient transport of hazardous goods, minimizing risks and enhancing supply chain visibility and control.

[0097] Further, Figure 5 illustrates the method steps for monitoring hazardous goods placed inside a freight container.The method provides a step-by-step approach to detecting and managing hazardous conditions inside the freight container.The flowchart (500) represents the systematic operation of the monitoring system (200) and how sensory data is processed to ensure safety.

[0098] Firstly, various environmental parameters inside the container such as the concentration of combustible gases, hazardous gases, and the temperature of the environment are detected and sensory data (501) is categorized into first sensory data for combustible gases, second sensory data for hazardous gases, and third sensory data for temperature. The sensory data collected by the sensor module is transmitted to one or more processing units for further analysis (502). This transmission ensures that real-time environmental conditions are relayed accurately for immediate processing. The processing unit compares the received sensory data against predefined threshold values stored in the memory unit (503). Here, the first Threshold Data relates to allowable concentration of combustible gases, second threshold Data relates to allowable concentration of hazardous gases and third threshold Data relates to allowable temperature inside the container.If any sensory data exceeds its respective threshold, the processing unit generates anomaly data (504) to signal the presence of hazardous conditions. This step is critical for identifying potential risks that require intervention. Then, the processing unit evaluates (505) the sensory and anomaly data using a predefined rule set stored in the memory unit. This rule set contains safety-related rules for managing the concentration of combustible gases, concentration of hazardous gases, temperature etc., as well as safety protocols and determine safety protocols (506) to handle the detected hazardous conditions and mitigate risks. The determined safety protocols are executed by either Communicating them to the system communication unit (507) for relay to external systems or personnel or activating safety devices to neutralize the hazard. Lastly, the anomaly data and the determined safety protocols are transmitted (508) to a remote communication unit via the system communication unit. This wireless communication ensures that external stakeholders are informed in real time and can take additional actions if needed.

[0099] Fig. 6 (a, b) shows the real time location of the device and stowage location on the container on board ship.

Claims

We claim:

1. A system (200) for monitoring hazardous goods placed inside a freight container, the device comprising:- a sensor module (201) comprising at least one of a combustible gas sensor (201a), an air quality sensor (201b), a temperature sensor (201c), or combination thereof, wherein the combustible gas sensor (201a) is adapted to sense concentration of one or more combustible gases in an environment inside of the container and to generate a first sensory data (202a) related to concentration of one or more combustible gases, the air quality sensor (201b) is adapted to sense concentration of one or more other hazardous gases other than detectable by the air quality gas sensor and adapted to generate a second sensory data (202b) related to presence of one or more of the hazardous gases, and the temperature sensor (201c) adapted to sense a third sensory data (202c) related to temperature of the environment inside the container;- one or more processing unit (206) adapted to receive and compare at least one of the first sensory data (202a) with a first threshold data (204a), the second sensory data (202b) with a second threshold data (204b), or the third sensory data (202c) with the a third threshold data (204c), or combination thereof, and to generate an anomaly data (207) if at least one or more of the comparison is beyond the thresholds, to process the sensory data (202) with a rule set (205) having rules with respect to at least one of the concentration of combustible gases, the concentration of hazardous gases, or the temperatures, or combination thereof, and safety protocols (208) to be followed with respect to the sensory data (202), and to determine one or more safety protocols (208) to be followed to handle current environmental conditions based on such processing, and to either communicate the one or more safety protocol (208) to a system communication unit (209), or to activate one or more safety devices (210) based on the one or more safety protocol (208), or combination thereof, wherein the first threshold (204a) is related to an allowable concentration of one or more combustible gases inside the container, the second threshold (204b) relates to an allowable concentration of one or more hazardous gases inside the container and the third threshold (204c) relates to an allowable temperature inside the container; and- the system communication unit (209) coupled to at least one of the processing units (206), and wirelessly connected to a remote communication unit (211), and adapted to receive and send the anomaly data (207) and / or one or more safety protocol (208) to the remote communication unit (211).

2. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1, comprising a booking information database (212) comprising a goods information of one or more goods present in the container, wherein the goods information comprises an identification reference of the good placed in a container and one or more of a chemical composition of the good, a hazard classification of good as per a predefined hazard classification criteria, and a storage requirement information related to conditions in which the good is to be stored,wherein the rule set (205) having rules with respect to one or more of a chemical composition of the goods, a hazard classification of goods and a storage requirement information of goods, at least one of the concentration of combustible gases, the concentration of hazardous gases, or the temperatures, or combination thereof, and safety protocols (208) to be followed with respect to such sensory data (202) and in presence of the hazardous goods, and the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted to process the goods information of one or more goods present in the container along with sensory data (202) based on the rule set (205) to determine the one or more safety protocol (208) based on such comparison and / or to activate one or more safety devices (210) based on the one or more safety protocol (208).

3. The system (200) as claimed in claim 2, wherein the safety devices (210) include one or more fixed firefighting device, one or more portable firefighting device, or one or more pollution prevention means present on the vehicle carrying the hazardous goods, wherein the processing unit (206) is adapted to receive a safety device information (210) comprising information regarding a number and / or capability of fixed firefighting devices, a number and / or capability of portable firefighting devices, or a number and / or capability of pollution prevention means, or combination thereof, on the vehicle, to process the safety device (210) information and the goods information of one or more goods present in the container along with sensory data (202) based on the rule set (205) to determine the one or more safety protocol (208) based on such comparison and / or to activate one or more safety devices (210) based on the one or more safety protocol.

4. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1 to 3, wherein the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted monitor the sensory data (202) from the time since when the anomaly is detected, and to keep on monitoring the sensory data (202) until the sensory data (202) is less that the thresholds for a predefined period, and to record an activity of safety devices (210) activated, or to receive and record a user input (213) related to safety protocols used, or combination thereof in a historical database (214).

5. The system (200) as claimed in claim 4, wherein the one or more processing units (206) is adapted to determine patterns in the sensory data (202) and to process the patterns with a historical data from the historical database (214), wherein the historical data comprising historical patterns of combustible gases, hazardous gases, or temperature, or combination thereof and safety protocols (208) chosen during those historical patterns and the rule set (205), and to recommend one or more safety protocols (208) to be followed.

6. The system (200) as claimed in claim 5, wherein the historical data further comprising incidences which occurred due to patterns of combustible gases, hazardous gases, ortemperature, or combination thereof, and the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted to determine one or more possible incidences which may arise due to these patterns of the sensory data (202).

7. The system (200) as claimed in claims 1 to 3, wherein the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted to simulate various scenarios to illustrate impact of different safety protocols followed.

8. The system (200) as claimed in claim 1 or 2, wherein the sensory module (201) comprises a location sensor (20 Id) adapted to detect location of the container and to generate a location data (202d), wherein the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted to send the location data (202d), a time stamp data (202e) related to a time when the data is sensed and at least one of the first sensory data (202a), the second sensory data (202b), or the third sensory data (202c), or combination thereof, and optionally a battery voltage data (202f) related to battery voltage at the time stamp to the system communication unit (209), and the system communication unit (209) is adapted to send the received data to the remote communication unit (211).

9. The system (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the location data (202d) relates to a geographic location of the container, or positional information of the container in an environment where the container is placed, or combination thereof.

10. The system (200) as claimed in claim 8, wherein the processing unit (206) is adapted to process the location data (202d) of containers placed in a vehicle and adapted to record a container identification of one or more containers which are neighbouring to each other, and optionally adapted to process the recorded container identification of neighbouring container to generate a visual representation of containers placed onto the vehicle and to render the visual representation on to one or more of the remote communication device (211).11 The system (200) as claimed in claim 10, wherein the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted to process the container identification and the goods information of the goods placed in each of the containers and adapted to determine potential hazards with respect to placement of the hazardous goods in neighbouring containers with respect to the anomaly data (207) and / or the safety protocols (208) to be followed with respect to potential hazards due to neighbouring containers carrying hazardous goods with one or more types of classification.

12. The system (200) as claimed in claims 1, wherein the one or more processing unit (206) is adapted monitor the sensory data (202) for a predefined period, and if the sensory data (202) for the predefined time period is identified to be above the thresholds, the processing unit(206) is adapted to generate an escalating signal and is adapted to send the escalating signal via the system communication unit (209) to one or more escalation communication device (215) remotely placed with respect to the system communication unit (209).

13. The system (200) as claimed in preceding claims, wherein the sensors (201) and at least one of the processing units (206) are placed inside a device (200a), wherein one or more devices (200a) are placed at or nearby to one or more of ventilation openings of the container.

14. The system (200) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the device (200a) is powered using a battery source (216a), which is optionally charged using a solar panel (216b) placed onto a housing or forming a part of the housing of the device (200a), wherein the device (200a) is adapted to be either in a deep sleep mode or an optimum mode, the deep sleep mode is defined where the at least one of combustible gas sensor (201a), the air quality sensor (201b), the temperature sensor (201c), or combination thereof are not powered, and the optimum mode is defined where the at least one of combustible gas sensor (201a), the air quality sensor (201b), the temperature sensor (201c), or combination thereof are powered, and the anomaly data (207) and the sensory data (202) is communicated to the remote communication unit (211) via the system communication unit (209).

15. The system (200) as claimed in claim 13, wherein the sensory module (201) comprising at least one of an ambient light sensor (20 le), a motion sensor (20 If), or an impact sensor (201g), or combination thereof, wherein the ambient light sensor (20 le) is adapted to sense an ambient light in the vicinity of the device (200a), the motion sensor (20 If) is adapted to detect motion near to the device (200a), and the impact sensor (201g) is adapted to determine an impact on to the container, wherein the processing unit (206) is adapted to trigger the optimum mode from deep sleep mode when the ambient light, motion or impact, or combination thereof is detected, or when the anomaly is determined or when a predefined time period has been passed since last communication of sensory data (202) to the remote communication unit (211).

16. The system (200) as claimed in any of the preceding claims, the system communication unit (209) comprises a GSM communication module (209b) which works on GSM communication technique, a wi-fi based communication module (209a) and a satellite based communication module (209c), and the system (200) is adapted use any of the GSM communication module, the wi-fi based communication module and the satellite based on communication module based on availability for communicating with the remote communication unit (211).

Images