A circular RNA vaccine against herpes zoster virus and the use thereof
A circRNA encoding a modified VZV gE polypeptide addresses the limitations of existing HZ vaccines by enhancing antigen solubility and immunogenicity, resulting in a potent immune response and improved protection against HZ.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/079615
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-02-27
- Filing Date
- 2025-02-27
- Publication Date
- 2025-09-04
AI Technical Summary
Current vaccines for herpes zoster virus (HZ) such as Zostavax and Shingrix have limitations, including unsuitability for immunocompromised individuals, low protective efficacy, and safety concerns, while mRNA vaccines face challenges in stability and delivery, necessitating a more effective and stable vaccine platform.
Development of a circular RNA (circRNA) encoding a modified VZV gE polypeptide with improved antigen solubility, stability, and immunogenicity, utilizing regulatory elements like Kozak sequences and IRES for efficient expression and delivery.
The circRNA vaccine induces a robust antigen-specific immune response, generating high levels of gE-specific antibodies and a Th1-biased T cell response, outperforming existing vaccines in efficacy.
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Abstract
Description
A CIRCULAR RNA VACCINE AGAINST HERPES ZOSTER VIRUS AND THE USE THEREOFTECHNICAL FIELD
[0001] The present application relates to modified varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gE polypeptide, a circular RNA encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide, a linear RNA encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide and the use thereof for inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject, or preventing or treating VZV infection.BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0002] The VZV is now recognized as one of several herpesviruses that only infect humans. Varicella (chickenpox) represents primary infection with VZV, and zoster (Shingles) is the result of reactivation of latent virus, acquired during the attack of varicella. Typically, HZ appears as a severe unbearable pain or pruritic unilateral vesicular rash in a dermatomal distribution. A large number of individuals are at risk of developing herpes zoster (HZ) and impressive costs happen in the worldwide. HZ remains an important global health issue and often occurs in aged or immunocompromised individuals with an early exposure history to Varicella Zoster.
[0003] A live attenuated vaccine ( Merck) and a recombinant subunit adjuvant vaccine (HZ / su, Glaxo Smith-Kline Biologicals) are approved for clinical use in aged individuals. However, Zostavax is not suitable for immunocompromised individuals and exist low protective efficacy and safety risk in aged individuals. Although the positive efficacy of Shingrix is over 90%in individuals 50 years and older, high reactogenicity with both local and systemic reaction derived from adjuvant AS01B and the increasing global demand causing vaccine shortage are major concerns. Recently, another live-attenuated VZV vaccine developed by Changchun BCHT Biotech was licensed for adult use in China, but the details on the protective efficacy was uncovered.
[0004] Both mRNA vaccine mRNA-1273 and BNT162B against SAS-Cov-2 are developed by Moderna and BioNTech bring revolutionary innovation in against infectious disease vaccine field. The platform utilizes messenger ribonucleic acid (mRNA) encoding interest surface proteins of virus particle and is delivery in a cationic lipid nanoparticle (LNP) formulation, which lead to a novel mRNA vaccine technology platform.
[0005] The full-length enveloped spike antigen strategy in mRNA-1273 and BNT162B win huge successful. Shingrix is based on truncated insoluble VZV gE polypeptide and the adjuvant AS01B. This envelope protein is highly expressed on VZV viral particles and on infected cells, there are several developing VZV mRNA vaccine such as mRNA-1468 and VZV modRNA from Moderna / Merck and BioNTech / Pfizer which are in the early clinical stage.
[0006] The advantage of circRNA including inherent stability and unneeded for nucleotide modifications supply new promising platform to develop a circRNA vaccine. We developed a circular RNA vaccine against VZV and screen several gE polypeptide designs.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0007] The present invention relates to a modified VZV gE polypeptide and a novel circular RNA encoding the VZV gE polypeptide, and thereby providing a VZV gE having improved antigen solubility, stability and immunogenicity.
[0008] In one aspect, the present invention provides a modified VZV gE polypeptide, comprising a truncated VZV gE polypeptide, optionally a flexible linker peptide, optionally a transmembrane domain (TM) , optionally a C-terminal domain (CT) ; provided that: present at lest one of TM or CT, and the TM and the CT are not both that of the wild VZV gE polypeptide simultaneously.
[0009] In one aspect, the present invention provides a circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein; preferably comprising Kozak sequence, more perferbly comprising Kozak sequence and stop codon.
[0010] In one aspect, the present invention provides a linear RNA comprising in the following order from 5’ to 3’: a first regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, a stop codon, and a second regulatory element; wherein the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are part of IRES.
[0011] In one aspect, the present invention provides a linear RNA disclosed herein comprises in the following order from 5’ to 3’: 5’-Group I intron, Exon2, a regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, a stop codon, Exon1, and 3’-Group I intron. In other aspect, the present invention provides a linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the modified VZV gE polypeptide that is a trimer structure.
[0012] In one aspect, the present invention provides a composition comprising the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein or the linear RNA disclosed herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
[0013] In one aspect, the present invention provides a VZV vaccine comprising the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein or the linear RNA disclosed herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.
[0014] In one aspect, the present invention provides a method for inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the linear RNA disclosed herein, the composition disclosed herein, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein to the subject to produce an antigen specific immune response.
[0015] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for preventing or treating VZV infection, comprising administering an effective amount of the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the linear RNA disclosed herein, the composition disclosed herein, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein to the subject to produce an antigen specific immune response.
[0016] In one aspect, the present invention provides the use of the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the the linear RNA disclosed herein, or the composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a VZV vaccine for a mehod for inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject.
[0017] In another aspect, the present invention provides the use of the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the the linear RNA disclosed herein, or the composition disclosed herein in the manufacture of a VZV vaccine in the method for preventing or treating VZV infection in a subject.
[0018] In one aspect, the present invention provides the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the the linear RNA disclosed herein, the composition disclosed herein, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein, for use in inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject.
[0019] In another aspect, the present invention provides the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, the circular RNA disclosed herein, the the linear RNA disclosed herein, the composition disclosed herein, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein, for use in preventing or treating VZV infection in a subject.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0020] FIG. 1a and1b are schematic depicting plasmids used to generate the VZV gE circRNA by T4 ligase and Group1 intron vectors.
[0021] FIG. 2 shows the Urea-PAGE analysis of synthesized VZV gE circRNA in vitro. The analysis of circRNA using enzyme catalysis using T4 RNA ligases was in left panel. The analysis of circRNA using ribozyme autocatalysis of the Group I catalytic intron was in right panel. After RNase R treatment, the ratio of circular RNA was highly increased.
[0022] FIG. 3 shows the expression of VZV gE polypeptide via circRNA transfection in human 293T cells. The SDS-PAGE under reducing conditions was in FIG. 3a, 3b, non-denaturing-PAGE under native conditions was in FIG. 3c. A bundant VZV gE polypeptide, which was expressed by the circRNA coding with SEQ ID NO 19, was in the cell culture supernatant. With the help of foldon domain, the VZV-9 circRNA encoded stable gE trimers in the supernatant, which were dissociated into monomers under reducing conditions. In addition to the T4 RNA ligase-based method, circRNAs producted by Group I ribozyme autocatalysis-based strategy could also be translated to the VZV gE polypeptide successfully in FIG. 3d.
[0023] FIG. 4 shows the VZV circRNA vaccine could generate high level gE-specific IgG antibody titer.
[0024] FIG. 5 shows the VZV circRNA vaccine induced gE antibody titer compared to Shingrix.
[0025] FIG. 6 shows the VZV circRNA vaccine could generate high level gE-specific IgG subclasses (IgG1, IgG2a) antibody.
[0026] FIG. 7 shows the frequencies of IFN-γ or IL-2 or IL-4 or IL-6-secreting T cells from spleen by Elispot assay, indicating that circRNA vaccine was more potent at inducing a Th1-biased T cell response than Shingrix.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0027] Unless otherwise defined below, all technical and scientific terms used herein have the same meanings as commonly understood by an ordinary skilled person in the art. References to techniques used herein are intended to refer to techniques that are generally understood in the art, including those obvious changes or equivalent replacements of the techniques for those skilled in the art. While it is believed that the following terms are well understood by those skilled in the art, the following definitions are set forth to better explain the invention.
[0028] As used herein, the terms “including” , “having” , “containing” or “comprising” , and other variants thereof, are inclusive or open, and do not exclude other unlisted elements or method steps.
[0029] As used herein, the terms “embodiment” , “disclosed herein” or “disclosure” are not meant to be limiting, but applies generally to any of the embodiments defined in the claims or described herein. These terms are used interchangeably herein.
[0030] As used herein, the terms “treat” , “treating” , “treatment” and the like refer to eliminating, reducing, or ameliorating a disease or condition, and / or symptoms associated therewith. Although not precluded, treating a disease or condition does not require that the disease, condition, or symptoms associated therewith be completely eliminated. The term “treat” and synonyms contemplate administering a therapeutically effective amount of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein to a subject in need of such treatment. The treatment can be orientated symptomatically, for example, to suppress symptoms. It can be effected over a short period, be oriented over a medium term, or can be a long-term treatment, for example within the context of a maintenance therapy.
[0031] Throughout this disclosure, the terms “a” or “an” entity refers to one or more of that entity; for example, “a polynucleotide” is understood to represent one or more polynucleotides. As such, the terms “a” or “an” , “one or more” and “at least one” can be used interchangeably herein.
[0032] The term “variant” , as used herein, refers to a peptide that differs from the recited peptide due to amino acid substitutions, deletions, insertions, and / or modifications. Variants can be produced using art-known mutagenesis techniques.
[0033] The terms “composition” and “pharmaceutical composition” refer to compositions comprising the circular RNA provided herein, along with e.g., pharmaceutically acceptable carriers, excipients, or diluents for administration to a subject in need of treatment.
[0034] The term “pharmaceutically acceptable” refers to compositions that are, within the scope of sound medical judgment, suitable for contact with the tissues of human beings and animals without excessive toxicity or other complications commensurate with a reasonable benefit / risk ratio.
[0035] An “effective amount” is that amount of a circular RNA provided herein, the administration of which to a subject, either in a single dose or as part of a series, is effective for treatment. For example, with respect to obesity, an amount is effective, for example, when its administration results in one or more of weight loss or weight maintenance (e.g., prevention of weight gain) , loss of body fat, prevention or modulation hypoglycemia, prevention or modulation hyperglycemia, promotion of insulin synthesis, or reduction in food intake. This amount can be a fixed dose for all subjects being treated, or can vary depending upon the weight, health, and physical condition of the subject to be treated, the extent of weight loss or weight maintenance desired, the formulation of the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein, a professional assessment of the medical situation, and other relevant factors.
[0036] The term “subject” means any subject, particularly mammalian subjects, in need of treatment with the circular RNA or the composition provided herein. Mammalian subjects include, but are not limited to, humans, dogs, cats, guinea pigs, rabbits, rats, mice, horses, cattle, bears, cows, apes, monkeys, orangutans, and chimpanzees, and so on. In one embodiment, the subject is a human subject.
[0037] The term “about” as used herein, includes the recited number ± 10%. Thus, “about 10” means 9 to 11.
[0038] Modified VZV gE polypeptide
[0039] The present invention relates to a VZV gE glycoprotein. In some embodiments, the VZV glycoprotein is a modified VZV gE polypeptide. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a truncated VZV gE polypeptide, optionally a flexible linker peptide, optionally a transmembrane domain (TM) , optionally a C-terminal domain (CT) ; provided that: present at least one of TM or CT, and the TM and the CT are not both that of the wild VZV gE polypeptide simultaneously.
[0040] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises the truncated VZV gE polypeptide. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acids 1-544 or 1-546 of the wild VZV gE polypeptide. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acids 1-544 of the wild VZV gE polypeptide. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acids have at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 17. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acids having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 16.
[0041] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises flexible linker peptide being selected from GS, GSGS, GGGS, or GGSGGGGSGG.
[0042] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a TM of VZV or a non-VZV TM. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a non-VZV TM. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises an influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a TM having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 14. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a TM having amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 14.
[0043] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a CT of VZV or a non-VZV CT. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a non-VZV CT. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a CT having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 15. In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a CT having amino acids of SEQ ID NO: 15.
[0044] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a truncated VZV gE polypeptide and a transmembrane domain (TM) , optionally a C-terminal domain (CT) . In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a truncated VZV gE polypeptide and a transmembrane domain (TM) , and a C-terminal domain (CT) . In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide has amino acids having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 18.
[0045] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises a truncated VZV gE polypeptide, a flexible linker peptide, and a C-terminal domain (CT) . In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide has amino acids having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 19.
[0046] In some embodiments, the modified VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 18-19.
[0047] Circular RNA
[0048] As used herein, the terms “circRNA” or “circular polyribonucleotide” or “circular RNA” are used interchangeably and can refer to a polyribonucleotide that forms a circular structure through covalent or non-covalent bonds. When it comes to circular RNA, a skilled person would understand that a polynucleotide in a RNA refers to a polyribonucleotide.
[0049] The circular RNA disclosed herein comprises a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE antigen disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the invention provides a circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE antigen disclosed herein, and Kozak sequence. In some embodiments, the invention provides a circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE antigen disclosed herein, Kozak sequence and stop codon.
[0050] In some embodiments, the Kozak sequence has nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 (GCCACCAUG) .
[0051] In some embodiments, the stop codon is a single stop codon, a double stop codon or a triple stop. In some embodiments, the stop codon is a double stop codon or a triple stop codon. In some embodiments, the stop codon is independely selected from TGA, TAA, or TAG. In some embodiments, each of the stop codon is independely selected from TGA, TAA, TAG, or any combination of the stop codons independely selected from TGA, TAA or TAG. In some embodiments, the stop codon is TGA, TAA, TAG, TGATGA or TGATGATGA.
[0052] In some embodiments, the circular RNA disclosed herein comprises in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element, and a stop codon.
[0053] In some embodiments, the circular RNA disclosed herein comprises nucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12. In some embodiments, the nucleotide sequence has at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with nucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.
[0054] In some embodiments, the initiation site of circularization of the circular RNA is any site in the circular RNA, including but not limiting the site 1 in the circular RNA. The circularization methods of the circular RNA disclosed herein include but not limit the end-to-end connection from site 1 to the end. In some embodiments, the circular RNA disclosed herein is end-to-end connected from site 1 to the end. In some embodiments, the circular RNA disclosed herein is not end-to-end connected from site 1 to the end. In some embodiments, the circularization methods of the circular RNA comprising nucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12, or having at least 90%, at least 91%, at least 92%, at least 93%, at least 94%, at least 95%, at least 96%, at least 97%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with nucleotide sequence set forth as SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 include but not limit the end-to-end connection from site 1 to the end.
[0055] In some embodiments, the circular RNA of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 is end-to-end connected from site 1 to the end. In some embodiments, the circular RNA of SEQ ID NOs: 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11 or 12 is not end-to-end connected from site 1 to the end.
[0056] The circular RNA disclosed herein can be prepared using methods in the prior art. In a preferred embodiment, the circular RNA is prepared using the method in the Examples.
[0057] Regulatory Elements
[0058] A regulatory element may include a sequence that is located adjacent to an expression element that encodes an expression product. A regulatory element may be linked operatively to the adjacent sequence. A regulatory element may increase an amount of product expressed as compared to an amount of the expressed product when no regulatory element exists. In addition, one regulatory element can increase an amount of products expressed for multiple expression sequences attached in tandem. Hence, one regulatory element can enhance the expression of one or more expression sequences.
[0059] In some embodiments, the regulatory element comprises an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) or a fragment thereof.
[0060] A suitable IRES element to include in a circular polyribonucleotide comprises an RNA sequence capable of engaging a eukaryotic ribosome. In some embodiments, the IRES element is at least about 5 nt, at least about 8 nt, at least about 9 nt, at least about 10 nt, at least about 15 nt, at least about 20 nt, at least about 25 nt, at least about 30 nt, at least about 40 nt, at least about 50 nt, at least about 100 nt, at least about 200 nt, at least about 250 nt, at least about 350 nt, or at least about 500 nt.
[0061] In some embodiments, the IRES is selected from the group consisting of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) IRES, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES, picornavirus (PV) IRES, hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES, adenovirus (AdV) IRES, human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) IRES, human herpesvirus (HHV) IRES, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) IRES, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) IRES, FGF9 IRES, SLC7A1 IRES, and RUNX1 IRES. In a preferred embodiment, the IRES is CVB3 IRES (SEQ ID NO: 21) .
[0062] Linear RNA
[0063] The linear RNA disclosed herein comprises in the following order from 5’ to 3’: a first regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE antigen disclose herein, a stop codon, and a second regulatory element.
[0064] The linear RNA disclosed herein comprises in the following order from 5’ to 3’: 5’-Group I intron, Exon2, a regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide disclosed herein, a stop codon, Exon1, and 3’-Group I intron.
[0065] In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the modified VZV gE polypeptide that is a trimer structure.
[0066] In some embodiments, the regulatory element is selected from the IRES disclosed herein.
[0067] In some embodiments, the regulatory element is CVB3 IRES. In some embodiments, the regulatory element is CVB3 IRES set forth as SEQ ID NO: 21.
[0068] In some embodiments, the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element part of IRES.
[0069] In some embodiments, the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are from one same IRES.
[0070] In some embodiments, the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are from CVB3 IRES.
[0071] In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the first regulatory element is amino acid 386-747 of CVB3 IRES and the second regulatory element is amino acid 1-385 of CVB3 IRES.
[0072] In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the Kozak sequence has nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20 (GCCACCAUG) .
[0073] In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the nucleotide sequence disclosed herein. In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the nucleotide sequence being selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-12.
[0074] In some embodiments, the linear RNA disclosed herein comprises the stop codon disclosed herein.
[0075] In some embodiments, the stop codon is a single stop codon, a double stop codon or a triple stop. In some embodiments, the stop codon is a double stop codon or a triple stop codon. In some embodiments, the stop codon is independely selected from TGA, TAA, or TAG. In some embodiments, each of the stop codon is independely selected from TGA, TAA, TAG, or any combination of the stop codons independely selected from TGA, TAA or TAG. In some embodiments, the stop codon is TGA, TAA, TAG, TGATGA or TGATGATGA.
[0076] As used herein, the term “3’ group I intron” refers to a sequence with 75%or higher similarity to the 3’-proximal end of a natural group I intron including the splice site dinucleotide and optionally a stretch of natural exon sequence.
[0077] As used herein, the term “5’ group I intron” refers to a sequence with 75%or higher similarity to the 5’-proximal end of a natural group I intron including the splice site dinucleotide and optionally a stretch of natural exon sequence.
[0078] Administration of circular RNA to the subject
[0079] In one aspect, the present invention provides a VZV vaccine comprising the modified VZV gE antigen disclosed herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient.
[0080] In some embodiments, the VZV vaccine is selected from the group consisting of a recombinant protein vaccine, a purified protein vaccine, a virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, a live attenuated or inactivated vaccine, a circular RNA vaccine, a mRNA vaccine, a DNA vaccine.
[0081] In some embodiments, the VZV vaccine that is formulated within a cationic lipid nanoparticle. In some embodiments, the cationic lipid nanop article comprises a cationic lipid, a PEG-modified lipid, a sterol and a n on-cationic lipid. In some embodiments, a cationic lipid is an ionizable c ationic lipid and the non-cationic lipid is a neutral lipid, and the sterol is a cholesterol. In some embodiments, a cationic lipid is selected from t he group consisting of 2, 2-dilinoleyl-4-dimethylaminoethyl- [l, 3] -dioxolane (DLin-KC2-DMA) , dilinoleyl-methyl-4-dimethylaminobutyrate (DLin-MC3-DMA) , di ( (Z) -non-2-en-l-yl) 9- ( (4- (dimethylamino) butanoyl) oxy) heptadecane dioate (L319) , (12Z, 15Z) -N, N-dimethyl-2-nonylhenicosa-12, 15-dien-l-amine (L608) , and N, N-dimethyl-l- [ (1S, 2R) -2-octylcyclopropyl] heptadecan-8-amine (L530) .
[0082] In one aspect, the invention provides a composition comprising the the modified VZV gE antigen disclosed herein, and pharmaceutically acceptable excipients. In some embodiments, the composition comprises nanoparticle, for example, lipid nanoparticle.
[0083] In some embodiments, the circRNA is administered as naked circRNA, or as a pharmaceutical composition comprising a pharmaceutically acceptable excipient. In non-limiting examples, the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient is polyethylenimine (PEI) or a lipid nanoparticle (LNP) . Other examples of liposomes that can be used to administer the circRNA or the composition for administration include protamines, cationic nanoemulsions, modified dendrimer nanoparticles, protamine liposomes, cationic polymers, cationic polymer liposomes, polysaccharide particles, cationic lipid nanoparticles, cationic lipid-cholesterol nanoparticles, cationic lipid-cholesterol PEG nanoparticle, cationic lipid transfection reagents sold under the trademark LIPOFECTAMINE, nonliposomal transfection reagents sold under the trademark FUGENE, or any combination thereof can be used as the pharmaceutically acceptable excipient.
[0084] In some embodiments, the circular RNA or the composition disclosed herein can be administered systemically, locally, topically, intravenously, intramuscularly, subcutaneously or via inhalation.
[0085] In some embodiments, the VZV vaccine is administered to the subject by intradermal or intramuscular injection.
[0086] In some embodiments, the pharmaceutical compositions may optionally comprise one or more additional active substances, e.g. therapeutically and / or prophylactically active substances.
[0087] In some embodiments, the VZV vaccine or the pharmaceutical composition comprises 1 μg -500 mg circular RNA disclosed herein, for example, 1 μg, 2 μg, 5 μg, 10 μg, 20 μg, 50 μg, 100 μg, 200 μg, 500 μg, 1 mg, 2 mg, 5 mg, 10 mg, 20 mg, 50 mg, 100 mg, 200 mg, 500 mg, 1000 mg, or any amount disclosed therebetween, of the circular RNA disclosed herein.
[0088] In some embodiments, the circular RNA, the composition, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein can be administered in an amount of from about 0.0005 mg / day to about 5000 mg / day, for example, about 0.005, 0.05, 0.5, 5, 10, 20, 30, 40, 50, 100, 150, 200, 250, 300, 350, 400, 450, 500, 550, 600, 650, 700, 750, 800, 850, 900, 950, 1000, 1500, 2000, 2500, 3000, 3500, 4000, 4500 or 5000 mg / day, or any amount disclosed therebetween.
[0089] In some embodiments, the circular RNA, the composition, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein can be administered in an amount of from about 1 ng / kg to about 200 mg / kg, about 1 μg / kg to about 100 mg / kg, or about 1 mg / kg to about 50 mg / kg per unit dose, for example, administrated in an amount of about 1 μg / kg, about 10 μg / kg, about 25 μg / kg, about 50 μg / kg, about 75 μg / kg, about 100 μg / kg, about 125 μg / kg, about 150 μg / kg, about 175 μg / kg, about 200 μg / kg, about 225 μg / kg, about 250 μg / kg, about 275 μg / kg, about 300 μg / kg, about 325 μg / kg, about 350 μg / kg, about 375 μg / kg, about 400 μg / kg, about 425 μg / kg, about 450 μg / kg, about 475 μg / kg, about 500 μg / kg, about 525 μg / kg, about 550 μg / kg, about 575 μg / kg, about 600 μg / kg, about 625 μg / kg, about 650 μg / kg, about 675 μg / kg, about 700 μg / kg, about 725 μg / kg, about 750 μg / kg, about 775 μg / kg, about 800 μg / kg, about 825 μg / kg, about 850 μg / kg, about 875 μg / kg, about 900 μg / kg, about 925 μg / kg, about 950 μg / kg, about 975 μg / kg, about 1 mg / kg, about 5 mg / kg, about 10 mg / kg, about 15 mg / kg, about 20 mg / kg, about 25 mg / kg, about 30 mg / kg, about 35 mg / kg, about 40 mg / kg, about 45 mg / kg, about 50 mg / kg, about 60 mg / kg, about 70 mg / kg, about 80 mg / kg, about 90 mg / kg, about 100 mg / kg, about 125 mg / kg, about 150 mg / kg, about 175 mg / kg, about 200 mg / kg, or any amount disclosed therebetween, per unit dose, and administrated with one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) unit doses per day.
[0090] In some embodiments, the circular RNA, the composition, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein can be administered continuously for at least 2 days, at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 16 days, at least 17 days, at least 18 days, at least 19 days, at least 20 days, at least 21 days, at least 22 days, at least 23 days, at least 24 days, at least 25 days, at least 28 days, at least 30 days, at least 35 days, at least 40 days, at least 45 days, or at least 50 days.
[0091] In some embodiments, the circular RNA, the composition, or the VZV vaccine disclosed herein can be administered for one or more (e.g., 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) courses of treatment, wherein each of the courses lasts at least 3 days, at least 4 days, at least 5 days, at least 6 days, at least 7 days, at least 8 days, at least 9 days, at least 10 days, at least 11 days, at least 12 days, at least 13 days, at least 14 days, at least 15 days, at least 16 days, at least 17 days, at least 18 days, at least 19 days, at least 20 days, at least 21 days, at least 22 days, at least 23 days, at least 24 days, at least 25 days, at least 30 days, at least 35 days, at least 40 days, at least 45 days, or at least 50 days; and there is an interval of 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10 days, two weeks, three weeks or four weeks between every two courses of treatment.
[0092] Although the descriptions of pharmaceutical compositions provided herein are principally directed to pharmaceutical compositions which are suitable for administration to humans, it will be understood by the skilled artisan that such compositions are generally suitable for administration to any other animal, e.g., to non-human animals, e.g. non-human mammals.
[0093] Examples
[0094] To make the objects and technical solutions of the present invention clearer, the present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific examples. It should be understood that the examples are not intended to limit the scope of the invention. Further, specific experimental methods not mentioned in the following examples were carried out in accordance with a conventional experimental method.
[0095] EXAMPLE 1: In Vitro circRNA production by ligation
[0096] This example demonstrates in vitro production of a circRNA by ligation.
[0097] (1) Design and synthesis of circVZV gE gene fragments.
[0098] A linear RNA is designed that can be circularized to produce a circRNA comprising, from 5’ to 3’, an CVB3 IRES (Part1) -Kozak-VZV-opt-CVB3 IRES (Part2) sequence, as shown in FIG. 1a. The linear RNA is designed with, from 5’ to 3’, an IRES sequence (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a Kozak sequence (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VZV gE coding sequence having modifications (SEQ ID NO: 1-12) followed by a TGATGA double stop codon. The DNA fragments of VZV gE coding sequence of wild or truncated domain or trimer formation antigen were thereafter cloned into the corresponding vector.
[0099] Linear RNAs that can be circularized to produce the circRNAs disclosed herein may be made using standard laboratory methods and materials. The cDNA sequence encoding the linear RNA may be synthesized by de novo DNA synthesis. The synthetic nucleic acid can be ordered from a synthetic nucleotide service (Azenta Life Sciences) . The nucleic acid sequence encoding the linear RNA sequence can be cloned into pUC57 plasmid vector containing a T7 promoter, the multiple cloning sites flanked by restriction sites such as SpeI and EcoRI restriction sites. The resulting plasmid may be transformed into chemically competent E. coli.
[0100] For the present example, Trans1-T1 Phage Resistant Chemically Competent Cell (CD501) are used. Transformations are performed according to instructions using 100 ng of plasmid. The protocol is as follows:
[0101] a. Thaw a tube of Trans1-T1 Phage Resistant Chemically Competent Cell (CD501) on ice for 10 minutes.
[0102] b. Add 10 μL Ligation production to the cell mixture. Carefully flick the tube 4-5 times to mix cells and DNA. Do not vortex.
[0103] c. Place the mixture on ice for 30 minutes. Do not mix.
[0104] d. Heat shock at 42 ℃ for exactly 30 seconds. Do not mix.
[0105] e. Place on ice for 5 minutes. Do not mix.
[0106] f. Pipette 950 μL of room temperature SOC into the mixture.
[0107] g. Place at 37 ℃ for 60 minutes. Shake vigorously (220 rpm) .
[0108] h. Warm selection plates to 37 ℃.
[0109] i. Mix the cells thoroughly by flicking the tube and inverting.
[0110] j. Spread 50-100 μL of each dilution onto a selection plate and incubate overnight at 37 ℃.
[0111] k. A single colony is then used to inoculate 5 mL of LB growth media using the appropriate antibiotic and then allowed to grow (220 rpm, 37 ℃) for 5 hours. This is then used to inoculate at 200 mL culture medium and allowed to grow overnight under the same conditions. To isolate the plasmid, a maxi prep is performed using the QIAGEN endo free plasmid maxi kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
[0112] (2) In Vitro Transcription (IVT) and RNA circularization.
[0113] In order to generate a linearized plasmid DNA template for in vitro transcription (IVT) , the plasmid is first linearized using a restriction enzyme such as BspQI (NEB, R0712) . A typical restriction digest with BspQI will comprise the following: plasmid 2.0 μg; 10×buffer 1.0 μL; ddH2O up to 10 μL; incubated at 50 ℃ for 3 hr. The reaction is cleaned up using the DNA Clean &Concentrator (ZYMO, D4034) . Following the cleanup, the linearized vector is quantified using the Nanodrop and analyzed to confirm linearization using agarose gel electrophoresis.
[0114] Unmodified linear RNA is synthesized by in vitro transcription using T7 High Yield RNA Transcription Kit (Vazyme, DD4101-PC-03) from the linearized plasmid following the manufacturer’s instructions. Then DNase I (Vazyme, DD4104-PC-02) was added, incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min to remove DNA from the transcribed products from IVT. Transcribed RNA is purified with the Monarch RNA Cleanup Kit (NEB, T2040L) .
[0115] Splint ligation circular RNA precursors were generated by treatment of the transcribed linear RNA using T4 RNA ligase 2 (Kactus, TRL-BE103-C1) at 25 ℃for 2 hr, and the circular RNA is purified (FIG. 2) . Treatment with RNase R (Novoprotein, GMP-E224-M001) at 37 ℃ for 20 min to further enrich circular RNA (FIG. 2) . The RNA products were purified, and RNA quality is assessed by agarose gel or denaturing urea-page electrophoresis.
[0116] EXAMPLE 2: In vitro circRNA production by Group I ribozyme autocatalysis
[0117] This example demonstrates in vitro production of a circRNA by Group I ribozyme autocatalysis.
[0118] (1) Design and synthesis of circVZV gE gene fragments.
[0119] A linear RNA is designed that can be circularized to produce a circRNA comprising, from 5’ to 3’, an CVB3 IRES-Kozak-VZV-opt sequence, as shown in FIG. 1b. The linear RNA is designed with, from 5’ to 3’, an IRES sequence (SEQ ID NO: 21) , a Kozak sequence (SEQ ID NO: 20) , and a VZV gE trimer (SEQ ID NO: 9) coding sequence, having ligased together to form the Group I intron VZV precusor RNA (SEQ ID NO: 13) followed by a TGATGATGA triple stop codon. The DNA fragments of VZV gE coding sequence of trimer formation antigen was thereafter cloned into the corresponding vector.
[0120] The de novo synthesized cDNA sequence encoding the linear RNA can be cloned into a plasmid vector containing a T7 promoter, the multiple cloning sites flanked by restriction sites such as SpeI and AgeI restriction sites. The resulting plasmid may be transformed into chemically competent E. coli. To isolate the plasmid, a maxi prep is performed using the QIAGEN endo free plasmid maxi kit, following the manufacturer’s instructions.
[0121] (2) In Vitro Transcription (IVT) and RNA circularization.
[0122] In order to generate a linearized plasmid DNA template for in vitro transcription (IVT) , the plasmid is first linearized using a restriction enzyme such as PmeI (NEB, R0560) . A typical restriction digest with PmeI will comprise the following: plasmid 2.0 μg; 10×buffer 1.0 μL; PmeI 1.0 μL; ddH20 up to 10 μL; incubated at 37 ℃ for 3 hr. The reaction is cleaned up using the DNA Clean & Concentrator (ZYMO, D4034) . Following the cleanup, the linearized vector is quantified using the Nanodrop and analyzed to confirm linearization using agarose gel electrophoresis.
[0123] Unmodified linear RNA is synthesized by in vitro transcription using T7 High Yield RNA Transcription Kit (Vazyme, DD4101-PC-03) from the linearized plasmid following the manufacturer's instructions. Then 1 μL DNase I (Vazyme, DD4104-PC-02) was added, incubated at 37 ℃ for 30 min to remove DNA from the transcribed products from IVT. Circularization and purification of RNA in vitro. To further obtain circRNA, the RNA products were treated at 55 ℃ for 15 min. The RNA products were purified with the Monarch RNA Cleanup Kit (NEB, T2040L) . Treatment with RNase R (Novoprotein, GMP-E224-M001) at 37 ℃ for 20 min to further enrich circular RNA. The RNA products were purified, and RNA quality is assessed by agarose gel.
[0124] Gel-electrophoresis: the purified circRNA and precursor linear RNA were resolved in agarose gel electrophoresis. The gel electrophoresis results showed that the circRNA ran faster than linear RNA, indicating that the RNA was circularized.
[0125] EXAMPLE 3: Expression of VZV gE polypeptide via circRNA transfection in human 293T cells.
[0126] This example demonstrates the ability of the circRNA to express a protein (e.g., a VZV) in eukaryotic cells. The protein could be expressed and secreted in cells transfected with the circRNA. After purification of the circRNA (RNase R treatment) , the circRNA was transfected into human HEK293T cells with the Lipofectamine MessengerMAX Transfection Reagent (Thermo Fisher LMRNA003) .
[0127] After 48 hours, the cell lysate and culture supernatant of transfected cells was collected for western blot analysis. Using the VZV antibody (Santa Cruz, sc-56995) for detection, it showed that the VZV circRNA could be translated into VZV antigen, which would be secreted to the cell culture supernatant efficiently. The western blot results using SDS-PAGE (polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis) are shown in FIG. 3a, 3b. All circRNAs were capable of being translated into abundant VZV gE polypeptides within the cells. Notably, the gE polypeptide expressed from circRNA encoded by SEQ ID NO: 19 demonstrated enhanced secretion into the supernatant compared to others. The different bands indicated the different glycosylation form of gE protein. The gE protein expression level of VZV-12 RNA was very high in 293T cell supernatant. The western blot results using non-denaturing-PAGE are shown in FIG. 3c. With the help of foldon, the circRNA encoded stable homogeneous VZV trimers in the supernatant. The gE protein expression level of VZV-9 RNA derived from Group I catalytic intron system was also high in 293T cell supernatant. in FIG. 3d. GAPDH was used as a loading control for protein normalization.
[0128] EXAMPLE 4: The purified circRNAs were encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) and intramuscularly (i. m) administered to animals.
[0129] (1) The circRNAs were encapsulated with lipid nanoparticles (LNPs) according to a described process.
[0130] First, the circRNA was diluted with PNI Formulation Buffer (Precision NanoSystems, #NWW0043) to a final concentration of 170 mg / mL. Then, the LNP were prepared as followed, SM102, DSPC, DSPE-PEG2k, and cholesterol were dissolved in ethanol. Above lipid mixtures were further mixed with the circRNA solution at the volume ratio of 1: 3 through the Ignite NxGen Cartridge (Precision NanoSystems, NIT0002) using NanoAssemblr Ignite (Precision NanoSystems) . Then the LNP-circRNA formulations were diluted 40-fold with PBS buffer (pH 7.2-7.4) and concentrated by ultrafiltration with Amicon Ultra Centrifugal Filter Unit (Millipore) . The concentration and encapsulation rate of circRNAs were measured by the Quant-it RiboGreen RNA Assay Kit (Invitrogen, R11490) . The size of LNP-circRNA particles was measured using dynamic light scattering on a Malvern Zetasizer Nano-ZS 300 (Malvern) . Samples were irradiated with a red laser, and scattered light was detected. The results were analyzed to obtain an autocorrelation function using the software Zetasizer V7.13.
[0131] (2) Immunization in BALB / c mice (Injection Schedule 1) .
[0132] The VZV circRNA comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19 were administered to BALB / c mice intramuscularly. A total of 35 8-week-old female BALB / c mice were divided into 7 groups (n=5 per group) , placebo (PBS) group, circRNA VZV-1, -2, -3 low-dose group (1 μg / mouse) and circRNA VZV-1, -2, -3 high-dose group (10 μg / mouse) . Two-dose vaccination regimen was adopted with an interval of two weeks, starting from week 0. The sera of each mouse were collected fortnightly starting from week 0 prior to the first dose and concluding at week 8 (FIG. 4, Table 2) .
[0133] (3) Immunization in BALB / c mice (Injection Schedule 2) .
[0134] To better assess VZV circRNA vaccine and gain mechanistic insights into the generation of VZV immunity by two different vaccine modalities, we performed an in-depth characterization of the vaccine responses induced by circRNA and Shingrix (Zoster Vaccine Recombinant, Adjuvanted, GlaxoSmithKline) in mice. The circRNA comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the amino acid sequence shown in SEQ ID NOs: 17-19 were administered to BALB / c mice intramuscularly. A total of 30 8-week-old female BALB / c mice were divided into 6 groups (n=5 per group) , placebo (PBS) group, circRNA VZV-9 low-dose group (encapsulated with SM102, 0.3 μg / mouse) , circRNA VZV-9 medium-dose group (encapsulated with SM102, 1 μg / mouse) and circRNA VZV-9 high-dose group (encapsulated with SM102, 3 μg / mouse) , and Shingrix group. Two-dose vaccination regimen was adopted with an interval of two weeks, starting from week 0. The sera of each mouse were collected weekly starting from week 0 prior to the first dose and concluding at week 4 (FIG. 5-7, Table 3) .
[0135] EXAMPLE 5: VZV-specific antibody responses were measured by Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) .
[0136] Microlon 96-well plates (Corning) were coated overnight 4 ℃ with antigen VZV envelope glycoprotein E (gE) (ACROBiosystems, GLE-V52H3) at 1 μg / mL in carbonate buffer (50 μL / well) . After washing and blocking with PBS+5%skim milk+0.2%Tween20 for 1 h at RT, serially diluted serum in PBS+5%skim milk were then added for 2 h at RT. Plates were then washed and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) conjugated goat anti-mouse immunoglobulin G1 (IgG1, SouthernBiotech, 1070-05) , goat anti-mouse IgG2a (SouthernBiotech, 1080-05) , were added for 1 h at a 1: 10000 dilution in PBS+0.2%Tween20 at RT. After washing, TMB substrate was used for development and the absorbance was measured by a microplate reader at 450 nm wavelength (Tecan Infinite 200 Pro) . Endpoint titer was calculated as the dilution factor that emitted an optical density (OD) value above 4.1×background. The IgG titers lower than 100 were defined as 100 for calculations. The specificity of the signal was confirmed by assaying pre-immune serum, which gave the signal background.
[0137] The VZV circRNA vaccine could induce humoral immune response and generate high level antibody. The gE-specific IgG antibodies in the sera of each mouse were detected by ELISA and the results were shown in Figure 4. It showed that there was a very strong humoral immune response with all three VZV circRNA vaccines, which induced robust levels of gE-specific IgG in a dose-dependent manner. The gE-specific IgG antibody titer of all three VZV circRNA vaccines is in the peak at 28-day post injection (dpi) , which has a little decrease at 42 dpi. The gE trimer should be more immunogenic antigen among SEQ ID Nos: 17, 18, 19 (in Table 1) .
[0138] Compared to subunit zoster vaccine Shingrix, circRNA vaccine induced higher ratio of gE-specific IgG subclasses IgG2A / IgG1, which indicated VZV-9 circRNA vaccine encapsulated by SM102 is more obvious biased to Th1 (Figure 6) .
[0139] EXAMPLE 6: VZV-9 circRNA vaccine induced stronger gE-specific T cell responses than Shingrix in mice
[0140] (1) Enzyme-Linked Immunospot (ELISPOT) Assay.
[0141] Spleens were dispersed with a 70 μm cell strainer. After red blood cell lysis with ammonium chloride potassium buffer at room temperature for 5 min, splenocytes were collected by centrifugation at 1600 rpm for 6 min, and the cells were suspended in Roswell Park Memorial Institute (RPMI, Thermo Fisher) 1640 medium supplemented with 10% (v / v) FBS (Gibco) and penicillin / streptomycin (Thermo Fisher) at a final concentration of 3×106 cells / mL. Then, 100 μL of cells were added to each well of a 96-well plate (Corning) . Frequencies of IFN-γ or IL-2 or IL-4 or IL-6-secreting T cells were assessed using commercial kits, mouse IFN-gamma (MabTech, 3321-4AST-2) , mouse IL-2 (MabTech, 3441-4APW-2) , mouse IL-4 (MabTech, 3311-4APW-2) , mouse IL-6 (MabTech, 3361-4APW-2) according to the manufacturer’s protocol, respectively. The VZV gE pooled peptides (peptides &elephants, LB01818) was selected to stimulate gE-specific T cell responses by incubation of cells with peptides 2 days. Spots were counted with an CTL-Immunospot Analyzer (AID Autoimmun Diagnostika GmbH) after immunoimaging. Results were depicted as spot-forming cell (SFC) per million stimulated cells.
[0142] (2) Th1 related cytokines are strongly activated by VZV-9 circRNA vaccine
[0143] As Th1-biased T cell response is critical for the prevention and control of VZV, Th1 related cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 and Th2 related cytokines IL4 and IL6 were evaluated by gE peptide pool stimulated at day 28 after boost immunization. Results were showed as spot-forming cell (SFC) per million stimulated cells (Figure 7) . VZV-9 circRNA vaccine is more potency at inducing a Th1-biased T cell response than recombinant subunit adjuvant vaccine Shingrix. Compared to placebo, Th1 related cytokines IFN-γ, IL-2 were activated in all vaccine groups. IFN-γ and IL-2 are increased in VZV circRNA vaccine groups in a dose dependent manner. There is no obvious difference for Th-2 related cytokines IL-4 and IL-6 among vaccine injection groups compared to placebo group.
[0144] Table 1 shows the different VZV gE polypeptide constructs (Strain Oka) .
[0145] Table 2. circRNA constructs
[0146] Notes: All circular RNA constructs condon optimized by internal algorithm with different weighting coefficient.
[0147] Table 3 shows in vivo immunized experimental injection schedule for Figure 4.
[0148] Table 4 shows in vivo immunized experimental injection schedule for Figure 5-7.
[0149] Sequence listing
[0150] The following sequence is an exemplary sequence that can be encode a VZV gE RNA for use in a VZV vaccine, a VZV vaccine might comprise, for example, at least one circular RNA sequence encoded by at least one of the following sequence, In some embodiments, the circular RNA further contains a IRES sequence, In some embodiments, the protein sequence contains C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin domain, In some embodiments, the protein sequence comprises hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain of influenza H1N1.
[0151] Each of the circular RNA sequences contain an unmodified sequence and a IRES sequence.
[0152] SEQ ID NO: 1 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-1-opti 1 (VZV-1)
[0153] SEQ ID NO: 2 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-2-opti 1 (VZV-2)
[0154] SEQ ID NO: 3 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 1 (VZV-3)
[0155] SEQ ID NO: 4 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-1-opti 2 (VZV-4)
[0156] SEQ ID NO: 5 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-2-opti 2 (VZV-5)
[0157] SEQ ID NO: 6 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 2 (VZV-6)
[0158] SEQ ID NO: 7 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-1-opti 3 (VZV-7)
[0159] SEQ ID NO: 8 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-2-opti 3 (VZV-8)
[0160] SEQ ID NO: 9 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 3 (VZV-9)
[0161] SEQ ID NO: 10 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 4 (VZV-10)
[0162] SEQ ID NO: 11 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 5 (VZV-11)
[0163] SEQ ID NO: 12 Nucleotide sequence of VZV-3-opti 6 (VZV-12)
[0164] SEQ ID NO: 13 Group1 intron VZV circRNA precusor
[0165] SEQ ID NO: 14 Hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain
[0166] SEQ ID NO: 15 C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin domain
[0167] SEQ ID NO: 16 gE (1-544aa)
[0168] SEQ ID NO: 17 gE (1-546aa)
[0169] SEQ ID NO: 18 gE (1-544aa) with hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain
[0170] SEQ ID NO: 19 gE (1-544 aa) with C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin domain
[0171] SEQ ID NO: 20 Kozak nucleic acid sequence
[0172] SEQ ID NO: 21 CVB3-IRES
Claims
1.A modified varicella-zoster virus (VZV) gE polypeptide, comprising a truncated VZV gE polypeptide, optionally a flexible linker peptide, optionally a transmembrane domain (TM) , optionally a C-terminal domain (CT) ;provided that: present at lest one of TM or CT, and the TM and the CT are not both that of the wild VZV gE polypeptide simultaneously.2.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of claim 1, wherein the truncated VZV gE polypeptide comprises amino acids 1-544 or 1-546 of the wild VZV gE polypeptide; preferably comprises amino acids 1-544 of the wild VZV gE polypeptide; more preferably comprises amino acids have at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 17; the most more preferably comprises amino acids having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 16.3.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the flexible linker peptide is selected from GS, GSGS, GGGS or GGSGGGGSGG.4.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the TM is the TM of VZV or a non-VZV TM; preferably is a non-VZV TM; more preferably is selected from an influenza H1N1 hemagglutinin (HA) transmembrane domain, influenza glycoprotein HA, covid 19 spike protein, RSV and rabies surface protein transmembrane domain; the most preferably is a TM having amino acids set forth as SEQ ID NO: 14.5.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the CT is the CT of VZV or a non-VZV CT; preferably is a non-VZV CT; more preferably is a C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin; the most preferably is a CT having amino acids set forth as SEQ ID NO: 15;optionally wherein the modified VZV gE polypeptide forms a trimer structure by the C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin.6.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of claim 1, comprising a truncated VZV gE polypeptide and a transmembrane domain (TM) , optionally a C-terminal domain (CT) , preferably the modified VZV gE polypeptide has amino acids having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the amino acid sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 18.7.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of claim 1, comprising a truncated VZV gE polypeptide, a flexible linker peptide, and a C-terminal domain (CT) ; preferably the modified VZV gE polypeptide has amino acids having at least 90%, at least 95%, at least 98%, at least 99%or 100%identity with the sequence set forth as SEQ ID NO: 19;optionally wherein the modified VZV gE polypeptide forms a trimer structure by the C-terminal foldon domain of a T4 fibritin.8.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-7, comprising amino acid sequence selected from SEQ ID NOs: 18-19.9.A circular RNA, comprising a regulatory element and an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8; preferably further comprising Kozak sequence, more perferbly further comprising Kozak sequence and stop codon.10.The circular RNA of claim 9, wherein the regulatory element comprises an internal ribosomal entry site (IRES) or a fragment thereof; preferably the IRES is selected from the group consisting of Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) IRES, Enterovirus 71 (EV71) IRES, encephalomyocarditis virus (EMCV) IRES, picornavirus (PV) IRES, hepatitis C virus (HCV) IRES, adenovirus (AdV) IRES, human papillomavirus type 31 (HPV31) IRES, human herpesvirus (HHV) IRES, Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) IRES, classical swine fever virus (CSFV) IRES, FGF9 IRES, SLC7A1 IRES, and RUNX1 IRES, preferably the IRES is CVB3 IRES.11.The circular RNA of any one of claims 9-10, wherein the Kozak sequence has nucleic acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20.12.The circular RNA of any one of claims 9-11, wherein the stop codon is a single, double or triple stop codon; preferably is a double or a triple stop codon; more preferably each of the stop codon is independely selected from TGA, TAA, TAG, or any combination of the stop codons independely selected from TGA, TAA or TAG; the most preferably is TGA, TAA, TAG, TGATGA or TGATGATGA.13.The circular RNA of any one of claims 9-12, comprising, in the following order from 5’ to 3’, a regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element, and a stop codon.14.The circular RNA of any one of claims 9-13, wherein the nucleotide sequence is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-12.15.A linear RNA, comprising, in the following order from 5’ to 3’:a first regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, a stop codon, and a second regulatory element;wherein the regulatory element is selected from the IRES of claim 10;wherein the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are part of IRES; preferably the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are from one same IRES; more preferably the first regulatory element and the second regulatory element are from CVB3 IRES; the most preferably the first regulatory element is amino acid 386-747 of CVB3 IRES and the second regulatory element is amino acid 1-385 of CVB3 IRES;ora linear RNA, comprising, in the following order from 5’ to 3’:5’-Group I intron, Exon2, a regulatory element, a Kozak sequence, an expression element comprising a nucleotide sequence encoding the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, a stop codon, Exon1, and 3’-Group I intron, preferably wherein the modified VZV gE polypeptide is a trimer structure;wherein the regulatory element is selected from the IRES of claim 10; preferably the regulatory element is CVB3 IRES; more preferably the regulatory element is CVB3 IRES set forth as SEQ ID NO: 21;preferably the Kozak sequence has sequence of SEQ ID NO: 20;preferably the nucleotide sequence is selected from SEQ ID NOs: 1-12;preferably the stop codon is the stop codon of claim 12.16.A composition, comprising the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14 or the linear RNA of claim 15, and pharmaceutically acceptable carriers.17.A varicella-zoster virus (VZV) vaccine comprising the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14 or the linear RNA of claim 15, and pharmaceutically acceptable carrier or excipient, wherein the VZV vaccine is selected from the group consisting of a recombinant protein vaccine, a adenovirus vector vaccine, an virus-like particle (VLP) vaccine, a circular RNA vaccine, a mRNA vaccine, a self-amplifying mRNA (sa-mRNA) vaccine, a DNA vaccine.18.A method for inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject, comprising administering an effective amount of the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the linear mRNA of claim 15, the composition of claim 16, or the VZV vaccine of claim 17 to the subject to produce an antigen specific immune response.19.A method for preventing or treating VZV infection comprsing administering an effective amount of the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the linear mRNA of claim 15, the composition of claim 16, or the VZV vaccine of claim 17 to the subject to produce an antigen specific immune response.20.Use of the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the the linear mRNA of claim 15, or the composition of claim 16 in the manufacture of a VZV vaccine for a mehod for inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject.21.Use of the modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the the linear mRNA of claim 15, or the composition of claim 16 in the manufacture of a VZV vaccine in the method for preventing or treating VZV infection in a subject.22.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the the linear RNA of claim 15, the composition of claim 16, or the VZV vaccine of claim 17, for use in inducing an antigen specific immune response in a subject.23.The modified VZV gE polypeptide of any one of claims 1-8, the circular RNA of any one of claims 9-14, the the linear RNA of claim 15, the composition of claim 16, or the VZV vaccine of claim 17, for use in preventing or treating VZV infection in a subject.
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