Apparatus, methods, computer program for half-duplex communication in non-terrestrial networks
The user equipment apparatus detects and informs non-terrestrial networks of timing conflicts to adjust timing advance, addressing the challenge of conflicts in half-duplex communication, enhancing communication efficiency in non-terrestrial networks.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2024/092498
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Filing Date
- 2024-05-10
- Publication Date
- 2025-11-13
AI Technical Summary
In non-terrestrial networks, the longer and variable round-trip times create challenges for half-duplex communication due to timing conflicts between uplink and downlink transmissions, which existing technologies struggle to address effectively.
A user equipment apparatus is equipped with means to detect timing-conflicts in half-duplex radio communication with non-terrestrial networks and inform the network of these conflicts, allowing for adjustments in timing advance to prevent future collisions by sending a Timing Advance Report (TAR) or a location report, and prioritizing the communication of this information based on available resources and network conditions.
The solution enables proactive prevention of timing conflicts, minimizing guard times and ensuring efficient communication by providing the network with up-to-date timing information, thereby optimizing communication in non-terrestrial networks.
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Figure CN2024092498_13112025_PF_FP_ABST
Abstract
Description
Apparatus, methods, computer program for half-duplex communication in non-terrestrial networks.
[0001] TECHNOLOGICAL FIELD
[0002] Examples of the disclosure relate to half-duplex communication in non-terrestrial networks.BACKGROUND
[0003] A non-terrestrial network node, can for example be a space-borne (e.g. a satellite) or airborne (e.g. balloons, unmanned aircraft system, high altitude platform, aircraft, balloon, drone, or kite) . The altitudes of the non-terrestrial nodes (e.g. 8-35786km) can create large round trip times.
[0004] A half-duplex terminal cannot receive and transmit simultaneously. In terrestrial networks, the round-trip time (RTT) is limited and the network controls the timing advance at the terminal. However, in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , the RTT is longer and with possible large variations. Such a large uncertainty makes it difficult to avoid timing-conflict (collision) between uplink and downlink. Timing-conflicts can occur in half-duplex communication in non-terrestrial networks because of, for example, partial time-overlap of uplink radio communication and downlink radio communication.
[0005] BRIEF SUMMARY
[0006] According to various, but not necessarily all, embodiments there is provided examples as claimed in the appended claims.
[0007] BRIEF DESCRIPTION
[0008] Some examples will now be described with reference to the accompanying drawings in which:
[0009] FIG. 1 shows an example of the subject matter described herein;
[0010] FIG. 2 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0011] FIG. 3 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0012] FIG. 4 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0013] FIG. 5 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0014] FIG. 6 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0015] FIG. 7 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0016] FIG. 8 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0017] FIG. 9 shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0018] FIG. 10A shows another example of the subject matter described herein;
[0019] FIG. 10B shows another example of the subject matter described herein.
[0020] FIG. 11 shows another example of the subject matter described herein.
[0021] FIG. 12 shows another example of the subject matter described herein.
[0022] The figures are not necessarily to scale. Certain features and views of the figures can be shown schematically or exaggerated in scale in the interest of clarity and conciseness. For example, the dimensions of some elements in the figures can be exaggerated relative to other elements to aid explication. Similar reference numerals are used in the figures to designate similar features. For clarity, all reference numerals are not necessarily displayed in all figures.DETAILED DESCRIPTION
[0023] The following description describes an apparatus 110 comprising:
[0024] means for performing half-duplex radio communication 2 with a non-terrestrial network in which uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network is time-separated from downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network; and
[0025] means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and for informing a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0026] The apparatus 10 can be a user equipment.
[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a network 100 comprising a plurality of network entities including terminal apparatus 110, node apparatus 120 and one or more network apparatus 130. The terminal apparatus 110 and node apparatus 120 communicate 124 with each other. The one or more network apparatus 130 communicate 128 with the node apparatus 120.
[0028] In some examples the one or more network apparatus 130 communicate with the terminal apparatus 110. The one or more network apparatus 130 can, in some examples, communicate with each other. The one or more node apparatus 120 can, in some examples, communicate 126 with each other.
[0029] The network 100 can be a cellular network comprising a plurality of cells 122 each served by a node apparatus 120. In this example, the interface between the terminal apparatus 110 and a node apparatus 120 defining a cell 122 is a wireless interface 124.
[0030] The node apparatus 120 comprises one or more cellular radio transceivers. The terminal apparatus 110 comprises one or more cellular radio transceivers.
[0031] In the example illustrated the cellular network 100 is a third generation Partnership Project (3GPP) network in which the terminal apparatus 110 are user equipment (UE) and the node apparatus 120 can be access nodes such as base stations.
[0032] A user equipment comprises a mobile equipment. Where reference is made to user equipment that reference includes and encompasses, wherever possible, a reference to mobile equipment.
[0033] In some examples, during operation, a user equipment 110 comprises a mobile equipment comprising a smart card for authentication / encryption etc. such as a Subscriber Identity Module (SIM) . In some examples, during operation, a user equipment 110 comprises mobile equipment comprising circuitry embedded as part of the user equipment 110 for authentication / encryption such as software SIM.
[0034] The node apparatus 120 can be any suitable access node such as a base station or transmission reception point. The node apparatus 120 can be a network element responsible for radio transmission and reception in one or more cells 122, to or from the UE 110. The node apparatus 120 can be a network element in a Radio Access Network (RAN) , an Open-Radio Access Network (O-RAN) or any other suitable type of network.
[0035] The network apparatus 130 can be part of a core network. The network apparatus 130 can be configured to manage functions relating to connectivity for the UEs 110. For example, the network apparatus 130 can be configured to manage functions such as connectivity, mobility, authentication, authorization and / or other suitable functions. In some examples the network apparatus 130 can comprise an Access and Mobility management Function (AMF) and / or a User Plane Function (UPF) or any other suitable entities.
[0036] In the example of Fig. 1 the network apparatus 130 is shown as a single entity. In some examples the network apparatus 130 could be distributed across a plurality of entities. For example, the network apparatus 130 could be cloud based or distributed in any other suitable manner. The network apparatus 130 can be a core network node.
[0037] The network 100 can be a 4G or 5G network, for example. It can for example be a New Radio (NR) network that uses gNB or eNB as access nodes 120. New Radio is the 3GPP name for 5G technology. In such cases the node apparatus 120 can comprise gNodeBs (gNBs) 120 configured to provide user plane and control plane protocol terminations towards the UE 110 and / or to perform any other suitable functions. The gNBs 120 are interconnected with each other by means of an X2 / Xn interface 126. The gNBs are also connected by means of the N2 interface 128 to the network apparatus 130. The gNBs can be connected to an AMF or any other suitable network apparatus 130. Other types of networks and interfaces could be used in other examples. Other types of network could comprise next generation mobile and communication network, for example, a 6G network.
[0038] The term transmission-reception point (TRP) is used to refer to an entity that is configured to transmit and to receive. A TRP can, for example, be a base station (e.g. a gNB) . A TRP can, for example, be a lower layer part of a base station (e.g. a distributed unit (DU) of a base station) . A TRP can, for example, be a repeater.
[0039] The TRP can in some examples be a satellite that supports transparent-satellite radio access. For example, the radio access network is terrestrial and the Uu interface between terrestrial base station and UE is via a gateway and satellite TRP.
[0040] The TRP can in some examples be a satellite that supports regenerative-satellite radio access. For example, the radio access network extends to the satellite and the Uu interface is between satellite and UE. The satellite TRP can, for example, be provided by an on-board base station (e.g. gNB) or be provided by an on-board DU.
[0041] A part of the network 100 can be a non-terrestrial network (NTN) . For example a TRP can be in a non-terrestrial node that provides connectivity between a user equipment and the core network.
[0042] A non-terrestrial network node, can for example be a space-borne (e.g. a satellite) or airborne (e.g. balloons, unmanned aircraft system, high altitude platform, aircraft, balloon, drone, or kite) . The altitudes of the non-terrestrial nodes (e.g. 8-35786km) can create large round trip times.
[0043] A low earth orbiting (LEO) satellite has an altitude of 300-1500km. A geostationary (geosynchronous) earth orbiting satellite (GEO) has an altitude of 35786 km. A medium earth orbiting (MEO) satellite has an intermediate altitude, e.g. 7000-25000km. Unmanned aircraft system (and balloons) normally have an altitude of 8-50km. A high altitude platform station (HAPS) has an altitude between 20-50km. An airplane has a cruising altitude of 9 -13 km.
[0044] An NTN uses a terrestrial gateway node to wirelessly communicate with the non-terrestrial node. The radio link between gateway and non-terrestrial node is called a feeder link. The radio link between the non-terrestrial node and UE is called a service link.
[0045] The propagation time between the gateway and the UE via the non-terrestrial node is much longer than a transmission frame duration (10μs in NR) and a round trip delay to a satellite at 300km will exceed 2ms. Such a large and variable uncertainty makes it difficult avoid timing-conflict (collisions) between uplink and downlink transmissions.
[0046] The network provides the UE with a common timing advance (TA) that signals the round trip time (RTT) between a non-terrestrial node and the core network. The UE adds the RTT between the UE and the non-terrestrial node to the common TA to get the full TA. The full TA is used as an offset between the received downlink timing and the uplink transmission timing at the UE.
[0047] The UE is able to provide a timing advance report (TAR) to the network. This reports the current in-use timing advance used by the UE. The Timing Advance reporting procedure is used in a non-terrestrial network to provide the gNB with an estimate of the UE's Timing Advance value.
[0048] Currently (TS 38.321: s5.4.8) a Timing Advance report (TAR) shall be triggered if the variation between the current estimate of the Timing Advance value and the last reported Timing Advance value is equal to or larger than offsetThresholdTA, if configured. The offsetThresholdTA can be configured by IE TAR-Config to be in the range 0.5 ms –15 ms.
[0049] The inventors have recognized a need to augment the trigger conditions for updating the network sending a TAR to include:
[0050] - if a timing-conflict (collision) between uplink and downlink is reported from lower layers.
[0051] The UE reports a coarse location or the Timing Advance if a timing-conflict (collision) between uplink and downlink is reported from lower layers
[0052] This would not avoid the collision, but it could avoid future collisions and minimize guard time, because the network scheduler would have more up-to-date timing information.
[0053] Thus the UE may trigger a new coarse location or Timing Advance report if a timing-conflict (collision) is detected by the UE.
[0054] The inventors have also recognized a need to specify how a TAR is sent and how sending of the TAR is prioritized with respect to uplink data and downlink communications.
[0055] The Timing Advance Report MAC CE has a fixed size and consists of two octets which include the timing advance.
[0056] Satellite position and feeder link delay are part of satellite assistance information provided to a user equipment via a system information block 19 (SIB19) .
[0057] A UE with GNSS capabilities can from its position and the NTN ephemeris calculate the relative speed between the UE and a satellite, as well as the round-trip time (RTT) between the UE and the satellite. From the relative speed the UE can calculate and apply a pre-compensation for the doppler frequency to ensure that its uplink signal is received at the satellite on the desired frequency.
[0058] Conditional handover is enhanced with a new condition based on UE location and the timing of satellite coverage of the UE location.
[0059] A half-duplex UE cannot receive and transmit simultaneously. In terrestrial networks, the round-trip time (RTT) is limited and the network controls the timing advance at a UE.However, in non-terrestrial networks (NTNs) , the RTT is longer and with possible large variations. Such a large uncertainty makes it difficult for timing-conflict (collision) between uplink and downlink to be avoided.
[0060] A half-duplex UE (HD-UE) in paired spectrum is not capable of simultaneous transmissions and receptions on a serving cell with paired spectrum.
[0061] The following abbreviations are used: UL uplink, DL downlink, DCI downlink control information, PDCCH physical downlink control channel, PDSCH physical downlink shared channel, CSI-RS channel state information -reference signal, PRS positioning reference signal, PUCCH physical uplink control channel, PUSCH physical uplink shared channel, PRACH physical ransom access channel, SRS sounding reference signal, SSB synchronization signal block, SS / PBCH synchronization signal / physical broadcast channel, BWP bandwidth part (aset of contiguous common resource blocks) .
[0062] The following relates to collisions (collisions in time) , which can also be referred to as timing-conflicts.
[0063] Collision can occur between a dynamically scheduled DL reception and a dynamically scheduled UL transmission. Such collision arises on detection of a downlink control information (DCI) format scheduling a reception in a set of symbols and detection of a DCI format scheduling a transmission in any symbol from the set of symbols.
[0064] Collision can also occur between semi-statically configured DL reception and dynamically configured UL transmission. Semi-statically configured DL reception comprises configuration by higher layers to receive a PDCCH, or PDSCH, or CSI-RS, or DL PRS in a set of symbols. Dynamically configured UL transmission comprises a DCI format that indicates to the HD-UE to transmit a PUSCH, or PUCCH, or PRACH, or SRS in at least one symbol of the set of symbols.
[0065] Collision can also occur between semi-statically configured UL transmission and dynamically configured DL reception.
[0066] semi-statically configured UL reception comprises configuration by higher layers to transmit SRS, or PUCCH, or PUSCH in a set of symbols
[0067] dynamically configured DL reception comprises a DCI format indicating to the HD-UE to receive CSI-RS or PDSCH in a subset of symbols from the set of symbols.
[0068] Collision can also occur between semi-statically configured UL transmission and semi-statically configured DL reception. Semi-statically configured UL transmission comprises higher layers configuring transmission in a set of symbols.
[0069] Semi-statically configured DL reception comprises higher layers configuring reception in the set of symbols.
[0070] Collision can also occur between SSB activity and UL (semi-statically configured or dynamically configured) . Semi-statically configured UL comprises configuration by higher layers to transmit a PUSCH, or PUCCH, or SRS. Dynamically configured UL comprises configuration by a detected DCI format of PUSCH, or PUCCH, or SRS. SSB activity comprises indicated presence of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP.
[0071] Collision can also occur between Random Access Occasions (RO) and SSB activity. For example, transmission of a PRACH based on a detected DCI format, and an indicated presence of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP.
[0072] Collision can also occur between Random Access Occasions (RO) and DL (semi-statically configured or dynamically configured or SSB) . For example, transmission of a PRACH or MsgA PUSCH triggered by higher layers in a set of symbols and reception of a PDCCH, or a PDSCH, or a CSI-RS, or a DL PRS, or an indicated presence of SS / PBCH blocks within the active DL BWP.
[0073] Additional collisions can occur because of the time it takes to switch between transmitting and receiving.
[0074] Additional collisions can occur because configured SSB collides with valid RO.
[0075] The collisions can be summarized as:
[0076] Case 1: Dynamically scheduled DL reception collides with semi-statically configured UL transmission
[0077] Case 2: Semi-statically configured DL reception collides with dynamically scheduled UL transmission
[0078] Case 3: Semi-statically configured DL reception collides with semi-statically configured UL transmission
[0079] Case 4: Dynamically scheduled DL reception collides with dynamic scheduled UL transmission
[0080] Case 5: Configured SSB collides with dynamically scheduled or configured UL transmission
[0081] Case 6: Dynamic or semi-static DL collides with valid RO
[0082] Case 7: Collision due to direction switching
[0083] Case 8: Configured SSB collides with valid RO.
[0084] A TA mismatch between actual TA used by the UE and assumed TA at the network can result in such collisions at the UE.
[0085] The collisions in time (timing-conflicts) can be presented in the following table
[0086] The *indicates cases that can be anticipated as well as detected because there is no dynamic scheduling involved, .
[0087] The timing-conflict is one of partial time-overlap of uplink radio communication and downlink radio communication or insufficient time between uplink radio communication and downlink radio communication (e.g. insufficient switching time) .
[0088] Collison detection is done by the PHY layer, because this is where the physical resource scheduling is handled by the UE.
[0089] One type of UE that supports half duplex (HD) frequency division duplex (FDD) is a reduced capability (RedCap) UE.
[0090] In at least some examples, a reduced capability user equipment has a maximum 20Mhz bandwidth at frequencies less than 8Ghz frequency and a maximum 100 MHz bandwidth at frequencies over 20GHz. In some examples, a reduced capability user equipment has a maximum 20Mhz bandwidth at FR1 frequencies (FR1 410 MHz to 7125 MHz) and a maximum 100 MHz bandwidth at FR2 frequencies (24.25 GHz to 71.0 GHz) .
[0091] In at least some examples, a reduced capability user equipment has modulation circuitry that supports a maximum number of 64 bits per quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) symbol.
[0092] In at least some examples, a reduced capability user equipment has a maximum of two reception branches (two reception antenna ports) .
[0093] FIG. 2 illustrates an apparatus 110 comprising:
[0094] means for performing half-duplex radio communication 2 with a non-terrestrial network in which uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network is time-separated from downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network; and
[0095] means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and for informing a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0096] In this example the apparatus 110 is a user equipment.
[0097] In this example, but not necessarily all examples, the means 10 for detecting is configured to detect at least one of:
[0098] a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 between an uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network and a downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network; and
[0099] a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 between a switching-time between uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network and downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network.
[0100] The apparatus 110 comprises:
[0101] means for adjusting a timing advance used to synchronize uplink (UL) radio communication to the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network;
[0102] means for monitoring a trigger to initiate a process for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the adjusted timing advance; and
[0103] means for using detection of the timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 as a trigger to initiate the process for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the adjusted (current and in-use) timing advance.
[0104] The means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network, in some examples, comprises means for detecting partial time-overlap of uplink (UL) radio communication and downlink (DL) radio communication or insufficient time between uplink (UL) radio communication and downlink (DL) radio communication.
[0105] In some examples, the means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict operates at a physical layer (PHY) and means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict operates at the medium access control (MAC) layer and uses medium access control layer messaging.
[0106] In 3GPP, the protocol stack comprises, in ascending order, the PHY, MAC. RLC, PDCP. PHY is the physical layer (layer 1) . It is responsible for time synchronization and power control. The medium access control (MAC) layer, radio link control (RLC) layer and Packet data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer, in combination, form layer 2. Radio resource control (RRC) is a control plane layer 3 protocol. RRC is responsible for controlling radio resources used for communication.
[0107] In at least some examples, the means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict is configured to detect one or more of the following timing conflicts:
[0108] between dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception and semi-statically configured uplink (UL) transmission;
[0109] between semi-statically configured downlink (DL) reception and dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission;
[0110] between dynamically scheduled downlink (DL) reception and dynamically scheduled uplink (UL) transmission;
[0111] between semi-statically configured downlink (DL) reception and semi-statically configured uplink (UL) transmission;
[0112] between configured synchronization signal block and uplink (UL) transmission between semi-statically configured downlink (DL) and valid uplink random-access occasion;
[0113] arising from communication direction switching;
[0114] between configured synchronization signal block and valid uplink random-access occasion.
[0115] These timing-conflicts have been discussed above.
[0116] In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to detect a timing-conflict after the timing-conflict has occurred. In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to predict a timing-conflict.
[0117] In some example, the means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, is configured to predict a future timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0118] In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to perform the informing before the timing-conflict happens.
[0119] In some example, the means 10 for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, is configured to detect a future timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network and to proactively inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, in advance.
[0120] In some examples, the means 10 for detecting a future timing-conflict is configured to detect one or more of the following timing conflicts:
[0121] between semi-statically configured downlink (DL) reception and semi-statically configured uplink (UL) transmission
[0122] between configured synchronization signal block and uplink (UL) transmission between semi-statically configured downlink (DL) and valid uplink random-access occasion
[0123] arising from communication direction switching
[0124] between configured synchronization signal block and valid uplink random-access occasion.
[0125] Thus a proactive report can, for example, be triggered when the apparatus 110 estimates that a semi-static UL transmission will collide with the SSB or a semi-static DL reception. Likewise, the proactive report can be triggered if uplink (UL) RO collides with SSB or semi-static DL reception.
[0126] The apparatus 110 can be configured to inform the network about a UL-DL timing-conflict either proactively or reactively.
[0127] FIG 3 and FIG 4 are examples of the apparatus 110 illustrated in FIG 2. In some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to operate as illustrated in FIG 3. In some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to operate as illustrated in FIG 4. In some examples, the apparatus 110 is configured to operate as illustrated in FIG 3 and is configured to operate as illustrated in FIG 4.
[0128] The apparatus 110 illustrated in FIG3 and FIG 4 comprises means for using detection of the timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 as a trigger to initiate a process for informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of a timing advance.
[0129] In FIG 3 the trigger initiates a process for informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network to reduce the problems of timing-conflict (collision) .
[0130] In this example, and the following examples, the trigger initiates a process for informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of a timing advance by sending the timing advance, for example, by sending a timing advance report (TAR) 20. In other examples, a location report indicating a location of the apparatus 110 can be sent as an alternative to the timing advance report 20. The references to a timing advance report 20 can therefore be replaced with reference to location reports that indicating a location of the apparatus 110.
[0131] In some examples, when the report 20, for example, the TAR 20 is sent can, for example, depend upon prioritization as discussed below. In some examples, the apparatus 100 waits for a next scheduled UL resource to send the report (e.g. TAR 20) , in other examples the apparatus 100 does not wait for a next scheduled UL resource to send the report 20 (e.g. TAR 20) , in other examples the apparatus 100 does not wait for a next scheduled UL resource and requests an uplink grant.
[0132] The means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict comprises means for sending a timing advance report 20. The timing advance report 20 can be sent in a MAC control element (CE) .
[0133] In FIG 4 the trigger initiates a process for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of a timing advance by sending a an indication 22 (e.g. a flag) indicating the timing-conflict. In some examples, when the indication 22 is sent can, for example, depend upon prioritization as discussed below. In some examples, the apparatus 100 waits for a next scheduled UL resource to send the indication 22, in other examples the apparatus 100 does not wait for a next scheduled UL resource to send the indication 22.
[0134] In the example illustrated the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 sends, in reply, a resource allocation to send a timing advance report 20. The resource allocation is provided dynamically via downlink control information (DCI) .
[0135] The apparatus 110 responds by informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing advance by sending the timing advance, for example, by sending a timing advance report (TAR) 20.
[0136] Therefore the apparatus 110 comprises means for sending a timing advance report in dependence upon an uplink grant reply to the indication 22 from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120. Thus sending the indication 22 triggers a new TAR 20 in the UE to be sent in future, which is a new triggering condition for a TAR 20.
[0137] The means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict comprises means for sending an indication 22 (e.g. a flag) indicating the timing-conflict. In some examples, the indication is a flag 22. In some examples is a single bit value. In some examples, the indication 22 is a zero-byte MAC CE with the header only.
[0138] FIG 5, 6 and 7 illustrate examples where informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict is (or can be) prioritized.
[0139] In these examples, the apparatus 110 comprises means for autonomously prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict. The prioritizing is relative to other communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network.
[0140] In some examples, the prioritizing is relative to other uplink (UL) communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network.
[0141] In some examples, the prioritizing is relative to downlink (DL) communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network.
[0142] FIG 5 illustrates an example of the apparatus 110 comprising means for multiplexing information for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict with uplink data to be accommodated in an allocated transport block if there is available space for the information in allocated transport block.
[0143] The apparatus 110 comprises means 30 for determining if there is space available in the allocated transport block.
[0144] The informative information (e.g. indication 22 or TAR 20) is multiplexed with pending uplink (UL) data and transferred to the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 in allocated transport block.
[0145] The transport block is the amount of data that is going to be transmitted and it depends on the transport block size. The transport block size is determined based on the allocated modulation and coding scheme (MCS) i.e. modulation order (e.g. QAM, QPSK) and code rate, the number of Physical Resource Blocks, the number of symbols and the number of multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) layers. These parameters can be signaled via the DCI (PHY layer downlink control information) or configured via RRC. Thus the allocated TB is the transport block size.
[0146] In some examples, there is a preference for the informative information to be the timing advance report 20 rather than the indication 22, if there is sufficient room in the allocated transport block.
[0147] Thus the informative information is a timing advance report 20 indicating the timing-conflict and providing a current in-use timing advance, if there is sufficient space available in allocated transport block; and otherwise an indication 22 indicating the timing-conflict.
[0148] FIG 6 illustrates operation of prioritization means of the apparatus 110. The prioritization means is configured to control prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0149] In this example, the prioritization means is configured to prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict instead of sending pending uplink (UL) data, if there is not sufficient space available in the allocated transport block to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. In this example, prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 comprises sending an indication 22 (e.g. a flag) indicating the timing-conflict.
[0150] The timing-conflict is detected at block 10.
[0151] At block 32 it is determined whether or not there is sufficient space in the currently allocated transport block for a TAR 22. If there is sufficient space, at block 33, the TAR 22 is added to the currently allocated transport block for uplink transmission informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. If there is not sufficient space, the method moves to block 34.
[0152] At block 34 it is determined whether or not there is sufficient space in the currently allocated transport block for an indication 22. If there is sufficient space, at block 35, the indication 22 is added to the currently allocated transport block for uplink transmission informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. If there is not sufficient space, the method moves to block 42.
[0153] The combination of blocks 32, 33, 34, 45 provide the means 30 for determining if there is space available in the allocated transport block.
[0154] If there is not sufficient space available in the allocated transport block to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict, then block 42 is performed.
[0155] At block 42 it is determined whether or not to prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict instead of sending pending uplink (UL) data. If it is decided to prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict, the method moves to block 43. If it is decided not to prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict, the method moves to block 45.
[0156] At block 43, informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict occurs, in preference to sending pending data. For example, an indication 22 or a TAR 20 can be added, in preference to pending data, to the currently allocated transport block for uplink transmission informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. In some examples, the indication22 can be sent in preference to the TAR 20, as it results in stalling less data.
[0157] At block 45, the apparatus 110 waits for the next suitable uplink allocation for informing 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict, for example, by sending an indication22 or by sending a TAR 20.
[0158] It will therefor be appreciated that the indication22 has a potential advantage of limited size but the disadvantage of limited information. It identifies a timing-conflict but does not provide a current timing advance.
[0159] It will therefor be appreciated that the TAR 20 has the potential relative disadvantage of larger size compared to the indication22 but the advantage of more information. It identifies a timing-conflict by providing the current timing advance.
[0160] FIG 7 illustrates operation of prioritization means of the apparatus 110. The prioritization means is configured to control prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0161] The timing-conflict is detected at block 10.
[0162] At block 52 it is determined whether or not uplink always has priority. If uplink always has priority, the method moves to block 58. If uplink does not always have priority, the method moves to block 54.
[0163] At block 54 it is determined whether or not the current priority rules should be followed. These specify a certain priority for a MAC based TAR. If the current priority rules are to followed, the method moves to block 56. If the current priority rules are not to be followed the method moves to block 60.
[0164] At block 60 it is determined whether or not a condition for uplink prioritization is satisfied. If the condition for uplink prioritization is satisfied the method moves to block 58. If the condition for uplink prioritization is not satisfied the method moves to block 56.
[0165] At block 58, the apparatus 110 informs 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict (for example as previously described) . Block 58 prioritizes informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict over the downlink (DL) reception.
[0166] At block 56, the apparatus 110 waits to inform 12 the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. Block 56 does not-prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict over the downlink (DL) reception. It causes the apparatus 110 to wait for the next scheduled uplink (UL) to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict. In other examples the apparatus 110 does not wait for a next scheduled UL resource and requests an uplink grant.
[0167] Thus, in this example, the prioritization means is configured to prioritize informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict over the downlink (DL) reception
[0168] In this example, the prioritization means is configured to not-prioritize informing of the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict over the downlink (DL) reception, and is configured to wait for next scheduled uplink (UL) to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict. In other examples the apparatus 110 does not wait for a next scheduled UL resource and requests an uplink grant
[0169] FIG 8 illustrates an example of block 60 which determines whether or not a condition for uplink prioritization is satisfied. If the condition for uplink prioritization is satisfied the method moves to block 58 (e.g. priority informing) . If the condition for uplink prioritization is not satisfied the method moves to block 56 (e.g. no priority informing) .
[0170] In this example, the condition for uplink prioritization is a series of alternative conditions. Any suitable logic and parameters can be used for defining the uplink prioritization.
[0171] Alternatively a trained machine learning model could be used for determining whether or not a condition for uplink prioritization is satisfied.
[0172] At block 62 it is determined whether or not the allocated transport block has room. This procedure can be the same as previously described for block 30 in FIG 5, 6. If the condition is satisfied UL (informing 12) is prioritized. The block 60 is exited (to block 58 in FIG 7) . If the condition is not satisfied, the next condition is tested at block 64.
[0173] At block 64 it is determined whether or not the rate of timing-conflicts exceeds a threshold. In some examples, the threshold is network configured. For example, If more than X timing-conflicts have happened within Y seconds, the UE shall prioritize uplink (UL) . The values X and Y are configured by the network.
[0174] If the condition is satisfied UL (informing 12) is prioritized. The block 60 is exited (to block 58 in FIG 7) . If the condition is not satisfied, the next condition is tested at block 66.
[0175] At block 66 it is determined whether or not the pending uplink (UL) data has a priority exceeding a threshold. In some examples, the threshold is network configured. For example, If the pending uplink (UL) data has a priority exceeding a certain level, e.g. being in top X (network configured) of the LCP list in the 3GPP 38.321 specification. If the condition is satisfied UL (informing 12) is prioritized. The block 60 is exited (to block 58 in FIG 7) . If the condition is not satisfied, the next condition is tested at block 68.
[0176] At block 68 it is determined whether or not priority of the uplink (UL) data exceeds a priority of downlink (DL) data. In some examples, the network indicates in DCI or configures via RRC the priority of the DL data such that the apparatus 110 can compare the priorities of UL and DL data. If the UL data has higher or equal priority the UE can prioritize the UL. If the condition is satisfied UL (informing 12) is prioritized. The block 60 is exited (to block 58 in FIG 7) . If the condition is not satisfied, the block 60 is exited (to block 56 in FIG 7) .
[0177] Thus the apparatus 110 comprises means for conditionally prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict over the downlink (DL) reception when one or more of the following conditions is satisfied:
[0178] if allocated transport block has space available to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the timing-conflict ;
[0179] if the rate of timing-conflicts exceeds a threshold or is within a window;
[0180] if the pending uplink (UL) data has a priority exceeding a threshold;
[0181] if a priority of the uplink (UL) data exceeds a priority of downlink (DL) data.
[0182] In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 is a user equipment. In at least some examples, the user equipment 110 has certain features that facilitate communication with a non-terrestrial TRP 120 such as a satellite. The UE 110 is responsible for UL timing. The UE 110 has means for autonomously adjusting the timing advance. The UE 110 is responsible for monitoring TA and monitoring triggers for sending TAR
[0183] In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 described is a reduced capability user equipment. In at least some examples, the apparatus 110 described is a reduced capability user equipment having a maximum 20Mhz bandwidth at frequencies less than 8Ghz frequency and a maximum 100 MHz bandwidth at frequencies over 20GHz.
[0184] It will be appreciated from the foregoing that the non-terrestrial network comprises an network apparatus comprising
[0185] means for performing half-duplex radio communication 2 with a user equipment 110 in which uplink (UL) radio communication to the network apparatus from the user equipment 110 is time-separated at the user equipment 110 from downlink (DL) radio communication from the network apparatus to the user equipment 110; and means for receiving an unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection of a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network;
[0186] means for sending, in response, a scheduling grant for uplink (UL) to configure resources for user equipment transmission to the network apparatus of a timing advance report 20 comprising a timing advance for the user equipment.
[0187] In some examples, the network apparatus is part of the radio access network. In can be a base station or part of a base station (e.g. control unit or distributed unit) . It can be terrestrially-based or non-terrestrially based, for example it can be on-board a satellite.
[0188] In some examples, the network apparatus is a non-terrestrial transmission point. As such, can be a relay or it can be a base station or it can be part of a base station.
[0189] In some examples, the network apparatus is a combination of apparatuses.
[0190] In some examples, the unsolicited medium access control message is a zero-byte MAC CE with the header only that is interpreted by the network apparatus as a request for resources to transmit a timing advance report 20.
[0191] In some examples, the network apparatus comprises means for suspending communication with the user equipment 110 after receiving the unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection of the timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network; and
[0192] means for resuming communication with the user equipment 110 after receiving and using the timing advance for the user equipment. The network cancels further uplink (UL) or downlink (DL) until the timing-conflict is resolved (UE 110 has provided a new TAR) .
[0193] The network apparatus thus comprises means for enabling the UE 110 to provide a timing advance based on detecting timing-conflict before a timing advance reporting threshold is exceeded. Sending a timing advance when a timing advance reporting threshold is exceeded (the current timing advance is greater than the last reported timing advance by more than a threshold value) is the legacy (exiting) trigger for sending a TAR. The new point here is the new trigger for the UE to transmit the TAR when the legacy report conditions are not fulfilled.
[0194] The disclosure enables the UE 110 to inform 12 the network of timing-conflict, based on detecting a UL-DL timing-conflict, before the TA reporting threshold is exceeded.
[0195] In the forgoing the following timing-conflicts are described:
[0196] a) a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 between an uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network and a downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network;
[0197] b) a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 between a switching-time between uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network and downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network.
[0198] The apparatus 110 comprises comprising means for detecting 10 at least one of a) and b) . This includes the following scenarios: shall supporting a) only via implementation, shall support b) only via implementation, shall support both a) and b) via implementation, shall support either a) or b) as implementation alternatives, shall support either a) and b) via implementation, shall support either a) or b) as operational alternatives, shall support a) only, b) only, a) and b) , as operational alternatives.
[0199] This disclosure proposes that the UE 110, when it detects a timing-conflict (collision) between UL and DL or between switching (between UL and DL) time and UL / DL, shall inform 12 the network.
[0200] The collision detection can follow the legacy rules.
[0201] If a UE detects there is a potential collision between UL and DL or between switching (between UL and DL) time and UL / DL, the UE shall inform 12 the network, which is a type of proactive report in advance to avoid the collision.
[0202] The collision information used to inform 12 the network may be:
[0203] 1. A Timing advance report 20. The TA report MAC CE (2 bytes + header according to Table 6.1.3.56 of 38.321) , i.e. the UE triggers the report despite the (legacy) reporting conditions of 38.321 section 5.4.8 are not fulfilled.
[0204] 2. An indication 22 (e.g. a flag) indicating the collision / TA being outdated. This can e.g. be a zero-byte MAC CE with the header only. Reporting the indication 22 may trigger the network to schedule transmission of the TA report MAC CE.
[0205] The UE 110 may multiplex the collision information 20, 22 with pending uplink data if there is space available in the allocated Transport Block (TB) . The UE 100 shall prefer to report collision information option 1 (TAR 20) if there is space available.
[0206] If there is no space available in the allocated TB, the UE 110 may be configured to prioritize the collision information 20, 22 instead of the data, for which the TB was allocated. In this case, collision information option 2 (indication 22) may be preferred due to the limited size.
[0207] The UE 110 may be configured to always prioritize the uplink transmission over the downlink reception or to follow the current collision rules, and thus only transmit the collision information, when uplink is prioritized. The UE may also be configured with conditions to prioritize uplink:
[0208] A. If collision information option 1 or 2 fit in the allocated TB, the UE shall prioritize uplink.
[0209] B. If more than X collisions have happened within Y seconds, the UE shall prioritize uplink. The values X and Y are configured by the network.
[0210] C. If the pending uplink data has a priority exceeding a certain level, e.g. being in top X (network configured) of the LCP list in the 38.321 specification.
[0211] D. The network may indicate in DCI / configure via RRC the priority of the DL data such that the UE can compare the priorities of UL and DL data. If the UL data has higher or equal priority the UE can prioritize the UL.
[0212] If the UE prioritizes the downlink reception, the UE shall trigger the TA report MAC CE (for a subsequent transmission) .
[0213] FIG 9 illustrates an example of a signaling diagram defining how the UE 110 may inform 12 the network about a UL-DL timing-conflict (collision) by transmitting collision information 20, 22.
[0214] The UE 110 sends 80 to network information indicating the Timing Advance applied by the UE e.g. a TA report or UE location information.
[0215] Network sends 82 to UE 110 dynamic / semi-static scheduling of uplink.
[0216] Network sends 84 to UE 110 dynamic / semi-static scheduling of downlink.
[0217] UE 110 determines 10 a timing-conflict (collision) of downlink and uplink scheduling, for example as previously described.
[0218] Case 1: Uplink is prioritized 86.
[0219] The UE 110 prioritizes 88 the uplink transmission.
[0220] The UE 110 informs 12 the network of timing-conflict (collision) . There is uplink transmission of an indication including TA report 20 (e.g. TAR MAC CE) or indication 22, indicating the Timing Advance / collision.
[0221] Case 2: Downlink is prioritized 90.
[0222] The UE 110 prioritizes 92 the downlink.
[0223] The UE 110 receives 94 from the network downlink reception.
[0224] The UE, subsequently, informs 12 the network of timing-conflict (collision) . There is uplink transmission of an indication including TA report 20 (e.g. TAR MAC CE) or indication 22, indicating the Timing Advance / collision;
[0225] The proactive report, can e.g. be triggered when the UE 110 estimates that a semi-static UL transmission will collide with the SSB or a semi-static DL reception. Likewise, the proactive report can be triggered if uplink RO collides with SSB or semi-static DL reception. The proactive report can contain the same collision information as described previously (TAR 20, indication 22) .
[0226] The UE 110 is able to inform the network about a UL-DL timing-conflict (collision) either proactively or reactively.
[0227] The UE 110 is able to provide a TA report 20 based on detecting a UL-DL timing-conflict (collision) i.e. before the TA reporting threshold is exceeded.
[0228] FIG. 10A illustrates an example of a method 500 comprising:
[0229] at block 502, performing half-duplex radio communication 2 with a non-terrestrial network in which uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network is time-separated from downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network;
[0230] at block 504, detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network;
[0231] at block 506, informing a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point 120 of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0232] In previous examples, the method 500 is performed by the apparatus 110 (user equipment) .
[0233] FIG. 10B illustrates an example of a method 510 comprising:
[0234] at block 512, performing half-duplex radio communication 2 with a user equipment in which uplink (UL) radio communication to a non-terrestrial apparatus 110 from the user equipment is time-separated at the user equipment from downlink (DL) radio communication from the non-terrestrial apparatus 110 to the user equipment;
[0235] at block 514, receiving at the non-terrestrial apparatus 110 an unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection at the user equipment of a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with the non-terrestrial network;
[0236] at block 516, in response, sending from the non-terrestrial apparatus 110 a scheduling grant for uplink (UL) to configure resources for user equipment transmission to the non-terrestrial apparatus 110 of a timing advance report comprising a timing advance for the user equipment.
[0237] In previous examples, the method 510 is performed by the network, for example the non-terrestrial TRP or by the base station (or part of the base station) .
[0238] FIG. 11 illustrates an example of a controller 400 suitable for use in an apparatus 110. Implementation of a controller 400 may be as controller circuitry. The controller 400 may be implemented in hardware alone, have certain aspects in software including firmware alone or can be a combination of hardware and software (including firmware) .
[0239] As illustrated in FIG. 11 the controller 400 may be implemented using instructions that enable hardware functionality, for example, by using executable instructions 406 in a general-purpose or special-purpose processor 402 that may be stored on a machine readable storage medium (disk, memory etc. ) to be executed by such a processor 402.
[0240] The processor 402 is configured to read from and write to the memory 404. The processor 402 may also comprise an output interface via which data and / or commands are output by the processor 402 and an input interface via which data and / or commands are input to the processor 402.
[0241] The memory 404 stores instructions, program, or code 406 that controls the operation of the apparatus 110 when loaded into the processor 402. The computer program instructions, program or code am 406, provide the logic and routines that enables the apparatus 110 to perform the methods illustrated in the accompanying FIGs. The processor 402 by reading the memory 404 is configured to load and execute the instructions, program, or code 406.
[0242] The apparatus 110 comprises:
[0243] at least one processor 402; and
[0244] at least one memory 404 storing instructions that, when executed by the at least one processor 402, cause the apparatus at least to:
[0245] detect a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with a non-terrestrial network; and
[0246] inform the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0247] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the instructions, program, or code 406 may arrive at the apparatus 110 via any suitable delivery mechanism 408. The delivery mechanism 408 may be, for example, a machine readable medium, a computer-readable medium, a non-transitory computer-readable storage medium, a computer program product, a memory device, a record medium such as a Compact Disc Read-Only Memory (CD-ROM) or a Digital Versatile Disc (DVD) or a solid-state memory, an article of manufacture that comprises or tangibly embodies the computer program 406. The delivery mechanism may be a signal configured to reliably transfer the computer program 406. The apparatus 110 may propagate or transmit the computer program 406 as a computer data signal.
[0248] The term “non-transitory” as used herein, is a limitation of the medium itself (i.e., tangible, not a signal ) as opposed to a limitation on data storage persistency (e.g., RAM vs. ROM) .
[0249] Computer program instructions for causing an apparatus to perform at least the following or for performing at least the following:
[0250] detect a timing-conflict in half-duplex radio communication 2 with a non-terrestrial network; and
[0251] inform the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.
[0252] The computer program instructions may be comprised in a computer program, a non-transitory computer readable medium, a computer program product, a machine readable medium. In some but not necessarily all examples, the computer program instructions may be distributed over more than one computer program.
[0253] Although the memory 404 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable and / or may provide permanent / semi-permanent / dynamic / cached storage.
[0254] Although the processor 402 is illustrated as a single component / circuitry it may be implemented as one or more separate components / circuitry some or all of which may be integrated / removable. The processor 402 may be a single core or multi-core processor.
[0255] References to ‘computer-readable storage medium’ , ‘computer program product’ , ‘tangibly embodied computer program’ etc. or a ‘controller’ , ‘computer’ , ‘processor’ etc. should be understood to encompass not only computers having different architectures such as single / multi-processor architectures and sequential (Von Neumann) / parallel architectures but also specialized circuits such as field-programmable gate arrays (FPGA) , application specific circuits (ASIC) , signal processing devices and other processing circuitry. References to computer program, instructions, code etc. should be understood to encompass software for a programmable processor or firmware such as, for example, the programmable content of a hardware device whether instructions for a processor, or configuration settings for a fixed-function device, gate array or programmable logic device etc. As used in this application, the term ‘circuitry’ may refer to one or more or all the following:
[0256] (a) hardware-only circuitry implementations (such as implementations in only analog and / or digital circuitry) and
[0257] (b) combinations of hardware circuits and software, such as (as applicable) :
[0258] i.a combination of analog and / or digital hardware circuit (s) with software / firmware and
[0259] ii. any portions of hardware processor (s) with software (including digital signal processor (s) ) , software, and memory or memories that work together to cause an apparatus, such as a mobile phone or server, to perform various functions and
[0260] (c) hardware circuit (s) and or processor (s) , such as a microprocessor (s) or a portion of a microprocessor (s) , that requires software (for example, firmware) for operation, but the software may not be present when it is not needed for operation.
[0261] This definition of circuitry applies to all uses of this term in this application, including in any claims. As a further example, as used in this application, the term circuitry also covers an implementation of merely a hardware circuit or processor and its (or their) accompanying software and / or firmware. The term circuitry also covers, for example and if applicable to the claim element, a baseband integrated circuit for a mobile device or a similar integrated circuit in a server, a cellular network device, or other computing or network device.
[0262] The blocks illustrated in the accompanying Figs may represent steps in a method and / or sections of code in the computer program 406. The illustration of a particular order to the blocks does not necessarily imply that there is a required or preferred order for the blocks and the order and arrangement of the block may be varied. Furthermore, it may be possible for some blocks to be omitted.
[0263] As used here ‘module’ refers to a unit or apparatus that excludes certain parts / components that would be added by an end manufacturer or a user. The apparatus 110] can, for example be a module. A controller 400 of the apparatus 110 can, for example be a module.
[0264] Where a structural feature has been described, it may be replaced by means for performing one or more of the functions of the structural feature whether that function or those functions are explicitly or implicitly described.
[0265] The above-described examples find application as enabling components of: automotive systems; telecommunication systems; electronic systems including consumer electronic products; distributed computing systems; media systems for generating or rendering media content including audio, visual and audio visual content and mixed, mediated, virtual and / or augmented reality; personal systems including personal health systems or personal fitness systems; navigation systems; user interfaces also known as human machine interfaces; networks including cellular, non-cellular, and optical networks; ad-hoc networks; the internet; the internet of things; virtualized networks; and related software and services.
[0266] The apparatus can be provided in an electronic device, for example, a mobile terminal, according to an example of the present disclosure. It should be understood, however, that a mobile terminal is merely illustrative of an electronic device that would benefit from examples of implementations of the present disclosure and, therefore, should not be taken to limit the scope of the present disclosure to the same. While in certain implementation examples, the apparatus can be provided in a mobile terminal, other types of electronic devices, such as, but not limited to: mobile communication devices, hand portable electronic devices, wearable computing devices, portable digital assistants (PDAs) , pagers, mobile computers, desktop computers, televisions, gaming devices, laptop computers, cameras, video recorders, GPS devices and other types of electronic systems, can readily employ examples of the present disclosure. Furthermore, devices can readily employ examples of the present disclosure regardless of their intent to provide mobility.
[0267] The term ‘comprise’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y. If it is intended to use ‘comprise’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context by referring to ‘comprising only one... ’ or by using ‘consisting. ’
[0268] In this description, the wording ‘connect’ , ‘couple’ and ‘communication’ and their derivatives mean operationally connected / coupled / in communication. It should be appreciated that any number or combination of intervening components can exist (including no intervening components) , i.e., to provide direct or indirect connection / coupling / communication. Any such intervening components can include hardware and / or software components.
[0269] As used herein, the term "determine / determining" (and grammatical variants thereof) can include, not least: calculating, computing, processing, deriving, measuring, investigating, identifying, looking up (for example, looking up in a table, a database, or another data structure) , ascertaining and the like. Also, "determining" can include receiving (for example, receiving information) , accessing (for example, accessing data in a memory) , obtaining and the like. Also, "determine / determining" can include resolving, selecting, choosing, establishing, and the like.
[0270] In this description, reference has been made to various examples. The description of features or functions in relation to an example indicates that those features or functions are present in that example. The use of the term ‘example’ or ‘for example’ or ‘can’ or ‘may’ in the text denotes, whether explicitly stated or not, that such features or functions are present in at least the described example, whether described as an example or not, and that they can be, but are not necessarily, present in some of or all other examples. Thus ‘example’ , ‘for example’ , ‘can’ , or ‘may’ refers to a particular instance in a class of examples. A property of the instance can be a property of only that instance or a property of the class or a property of a sub-class of the class that includes some but not all the instances in the class. It is therefore implicitly disclosed that a feature described with reference to one example but not with reference to another example, can where possible be used in that other example as part of a working combination but does not necessarily have to be used in that other example.
[0271] As used herein, “at least one of the following: ” and “at least one of ” and similar wording, where the list of two or more elements are joined by “and” or “or” mean at least any one of the elements, or at least any two or more of the elements, or at least all the elements.
[0272] Although examples have been described in the preceding paragraphs with reference to various examples, it should be appreciated that modifications to the examples given can be made without departing from the scope of the claims.
[0273] Features described in the preceding description may be used in combinations other than the combinations explicitly described above.
[0274] Although functions have been described with reference to certain features, those functions may be performable by other features whether described or not.
[0275] The description of a feature, such as an apparatus or a component of an apparatus, configured to perform a function, or for performing a function, should additionally be considered to also disclose a method of performing that function. For example, description of an apparatus configured to perform one or more actions, or for performing one or more actions, should additionally be considered to disclose a method of performing those one or more actions with or without the apparatus. Although features have been described with reference to certain examples, those features may also be present in other examples whether described or not.
[0276] The term ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ is used in this document with an inclusive not an exclusive meaning. That is any reference to X comprising a / an / the Y indicates that X may comprise only one Y or may comprise more than one Y unless the context clearly indicates the contrary. If it is intended to use ‘a’ , ‘an’ or ‘the’ with an exclusive meaning then it will be made clear in the context. In some circumstances the use of ‘at least one’ or ‘one or more’ may be used to emphasis an inclusive meaning but the absence of these terms should not be taken to infer any exclusive meaning.
[0277] The presence of a feature (or combination of features) in a claim is a reference to that feature or (combination of features) itself and to features that achieve substantially the same technical effect (equivalent features) . The equivalent features include, for example, features that are variants and achieve substantially the same result in substantially the same way. The equivalent features include, for example, features that perform substantially the same function, in substantially the same way to achieve substantially the same result.
[0278] In this description, reference has been made to various examples using adjectives or adjectival phrases to describe characteristics of the examples. Such a description of a characteristic in relation to an example indicates that the characteristic is present in some examples exactly as described and is present in other examples substantially as described.
[0279] The above description describes some examples of the present disclosure however those of ordinary skill in the art will be aware of possible alternative structures and method features which offer equivalent functionality to the specific examples of such structures and features described herein above and which for the sake of brevity and clarity have been omitted from the above description. Nonetheless, the above description should be read as implicitly including reference to such alternative structures and method features which provide equivalent functionality unless such alternative structures or method features are explicitly excluded in the above description of the examples of the present disclosure.
[0280] Whilst endeavoring in the foregoing specification to draw attention to those features believed to be of importance the Applicant may seek protection via the claims in respect of any patentable feature or combination of features hereinbefore referred to and / or shown in the drawings whether or not emphasis has been placed thereon.
Claims
1.An apparatus comprisingmeans for performing half-duplex radio communication with a non-terrestrial network in which uplink radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network is time-separated from downlink radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network; andmeans for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network and for informing a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.2.An apparatus as claimed in claim 1, comprising means for detecting at least one of:a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication between an uplink radiocommunication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network and a downlink radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network;a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication between a switching-time between uplink radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network and downlink radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.3.An apparatus as claimed in claim 1 or 2, comprising:means for adjusting a timing advance used to synchronize uplink radio communication to the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network;means for monitoring a trigger to initiate a process for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the adjusted timing advance;means for using detection of the timing-conflict in half-duplex communication as a trigger to initiate the process for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the adjusted timing advance.4.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network comprises means for detecting partial time-overlap of uplink radio communication and downlink radio communication or insufficient time between uplink radio communication and downlink radio communication.5.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for detecting a timing-conflict operates at a physical layer and means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict operates at the medium access control layer and uses medium access control layer messaging.6.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for detecting a timing-conflict is configured to detect one or more of the following timing conflicts:between dynamically scheduled downlink reception and semi-statically configured uplink transmission;between semi-statically configured downlink reception and dynamically scheduled uplink transmission;between dynamically scheduled downlink reception and dynamically scheduled uplink transmission;between semi-statically configured downlink reception and semi-statically configured uplink transmission;between configured synchronization signal block reception and uplink transmission between downlink reception and valid random-access occasion;arising from communication direction switching;between configured synchronization signal block reception and valid random-access occasion.7.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim,wherein the means for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network and for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, is configured to predict a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network, , and to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.8.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim,wherein the means for detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network and for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, is configured to detect a future timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network, , and to the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.9.An apparatus as claimed in claim 8, wherein the means for detecting a future timing-conflict, is configured to detect one or more of the following timing conflicts:between semi-statically configured downlink reception and semi-statically configured uplink transmission;between configured synchronization signal block reception and uplink transmission; between downlink reception and valid random-access occasion;arising from communication direction switching;between configured synchronization signal block reception and valid random-access occasion.10.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict comprises means for sending a timing advance report.11.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict comprises means for sending information indicating a location of the apparatus.12.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict comprises means for sending an indication indicating the timing-conflict.13.An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, comprising:means for sending a timing advance report in dependence upon a reply to the indication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.14.An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, comprising:means for sending information indicating a location of the apparatus in dependence upon a reply to the indication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.15.An apparatus as claimed in claim 12, 13 or 14,wherein the indication is a zero-byte MAC CE with the header only.16.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for autonomously prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, wherein the prioritizing is relative to other communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.17.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for autonomously prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, wherein the prioritizing is relative to other uplink communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.18.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for autonomously prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict, wherein the prioritizing is relative to downlink communications with the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network.19.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for multiplexing information for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict with uplink data to be accommodated in an allocated transport block if there is available space for the information in the allocated transport block.20.An apparatus as claimed in claim 19, wherein the information is a report indicating the timing-conflict and providing current information, if there is sufficient space available in allocated transport block; and otherwise an indication indicating the timing-conflict.21.An apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the report is a timing advance report providing a timing advance.22.An apparatus as claimed in claim 20, wherein the report comprises information indicating a location of the apparatus.23.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict instead of uplink data if there is not space available in allocated transport block for both the uplink data and to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.24.An apparatus as claimed in claim 23, wherein prioritizing informing of the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict comprises an indication indicating the timing-conflict.25.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for prioritizing informing of the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict over the downlink reception.26.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for not-prioritizing informing of the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict over the downlink reception, configured to wait for next scheduled uplink to inform the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict and / or configured to request an uplink grant.27.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim comprising:means for conditionally prioritizing informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict over the downlink reception when one or more of the following conditions is satisfied:if allocated transport block has available space for informing the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the timing-conflict;if the rate of timing-conflicts exceeds a threshold;if the uplink data has a priority exceeding a threshold;if a priority of the uplink data exceeds a priority of downlink data.28.An apparatus as claimed in any preceding claim configured asa reduced capability user equipment.29.A method comprisingperforming half-duplex radio communication with a non-terrestrial network in which uplink radio communication to a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network is time-separated from downlink radio communication from the non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network;detecting a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network;informing a non-terrestrial transmission-reception point of the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.30.A computer program that when run on a processor of an apparatus configures the apparatus to:detect a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with a non-terrestrial network; and inform the non-terrestrial network of the timing-conflict.31.An apparatus for a non-terrestrial network comprisingmeans for performing half-duplex radio communication with a user equipment in which uplink radio communication to the apparatus from the user equipment is time-separated at the user equipment from downlink radio communication from the apparatus to the user equipment;means for receiving an unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection of a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network;means for sending, in response, a scheduling grant for uplink to configure resources for user equipment transmission to the apparatus of a timing advance report comprising a timing advance for the user equipment.32.An apparatus as claimed in claim 31, wherein the unsolicited medium access control message is a zero-byte MAC CE with the header only that is interpreted as a request for resources to transmit a timing advance report.33.An apparatus as claimed in claim 31 or 32 comprising:means for suspending communication with the user equipment after receiving the unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection of the timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network;means for resuming communication with the user equipment after receiving the timing advance for the user equipment.34.An apparatus as claimed in claim 31, 32 or 33 comprising:means for enabling the UE to provide a timing advance based on detecting timing-conflict before a timing advance reporting threshold is exceeded.35.A method comprisingperforming half-duplex radio communication with a user equipment in which uplink radio communication to a non-terrestrial apparatus from the user equipment is time-separated at the user equipment from downlink radio communication from the non-terrestrial apparatus to the user equipment;receiving at the non-terrestrial apparatus an unsolicited medium access control message indicating detection at the user equipment of a timing-conflict in half-duplex communication with the non-terrestrial network;in response, sending from the non-terrestrial apparatus a scheduling grant for uplink to configure resources for user equipment transmission to the non-terrestrial apparatus of a timing advance report comprising a timing advance for the user equipment.
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