Squiggly shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna

Abstract

The present invention provides a novel squiggly shaped taper for achieving an impedance matching for the larger bandwidth frequency ranging from 3 GHz to 20 GHz. The said squiggly shaped taper has size of 30×35 mm2 and comprises a circular metallic patch 102 with dielectric substrate 101 and Perfect Electrical Conductor 103 placed on one side and other side remains blank as a single sided PCB. all patch, ground, and tapered feed are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC, and the tapered feed comprises two feed widths inner feed P1 and another feed as P2 and the value of other feed varies with the value of S-parameter. The feed provides zig zag arrangement structure 105 where simultaneous increase and decrease of feed is achieved; the said dielectric substrate 101 is comprising of a FR 4 material exhibiting a dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 0.16 mm and loss tangent of 0.0024; further the said antenna provides an impedance bandwidth of 144% from 3.3 GHz to 20.3 GHz and a gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency and covers whole Ultra-wide band.

Description

[0001] SQUIGGLY SHAPED TAPERED FEED CPW PATCH ANTENNA

[0002] Field of Invention:

[0003] The present invention relates to the field of electronics and communication. Particularly the invention provides a squiggly shaped taper for broadband communication. Even more particularly the present invention provides a microstrip patch antenna having a circular shaped patch, ground plane and a tapered feed providing two feed widths. Further, the microstrip antenna reveals a zig zag arrangement for achieving a larger bandwidth range between 3 GHz to 20 GHz for the broadband range and covers whole broad band range.

[0004] Background of Invention:

[0005] In the recent years the wireless communication network technology has shown a remarkable developments and therefore various portable devices are being developed for Ultra wireless-broadband purpose and there is a need of an microstrip antenna which can cover the high bandwidth of radio spectrum range. The available used microstrip patch antenna are subject to various limitations, including polarization challenges, shows limited gain, operation at a single frequency, and a narrow impedance bandwidth and provides a limited frequency range between 3 GHZ to 6 GHz, as in the recent years we have seen remarkable improvements in communication network system by 5G or 6G communication, therefore there is requirement of a microstrip patch antenna that can provide a larger bandwidth for the better connectivity in the communication technology. Many researchers and inventors have worked on it and developed some related works but they are lacking in design and missing some features. Some of such inventions are discussed below.

[0006] Reference has been made to CN109599667B, titled "double-circularpolarization switching type ultra-wide bandwidth beam antenna", by XIANGYANG TECHNOLOGY (NANTONG) CO. LTD, dated 2018-11-09, which discloses; a double-circular-polarization switching type ultra-wide- bandwidth beam antenna which comprises a four-feed octagonal antenna radiation patch with an all-metal structure, an antenna metal floor, an upper PCB dielectric plate, a lower PCB dielectric plate, a first metal cylinder, a second metal cylinder, an upper aluminum alloy cover plate, a lower aluminum alloy cover plate, 4 first SMP radio frequency connectors, 4 second SMP radio frequency connectors and 3 surface-mounted edge- fed SMP connectors. The invention adopts two layers of microstrip networks and one surface- mounted bridge to realize the phase difference forward and reverse switching of four feed ports, has good isolation and amplitude- phase consistency and is easy to process.

[0007] Another reference has been made to CN111490347A, titled "ultra- wideband planar spiral antenna device based on integrated feed structure", by HARBIN INST TECHNOLOGY WEIHAI, dated 2020-01-22, which discloses; an ultra-wideband planar helical antenna device based on an integrated feed structure. The ultra-wideband planar helical antenna device is small in size and reliable in work, and is characterized in that the device is provided with an antenna radiator and a feed balun mechanism which are located on the same single-layer printed circuit substrate; the antenna radiator adopts an ultra- wideband Archimedes spiral antenna radiator, and the feed balun mechanism adopts a conversion balun from a coplanar waveguide to a coplanar strip line, a feed line in the feed balun mechanism being directly connected with the antenna radiator through a metal via hole; the feed balun mechanism is provided with a coplanar waveguide with gradually changed characteristic impedance, a circular slot resonant cavity, a metal jumper wire and a strip line, wherein the coplanar waveguide is an unbalanced port, the strip line is a balanced port, and the part between the coplanar waveguide and the strip line realizes conversion from an unbalanced signal to a balanced signal; and the shape and the size of the metal.

[0008] Another reference has been made to US8610635B2, titled "BALANCED METAMATERIAL ANTENNA DEVICE", by HUANG WEI, PENEV VLADIMIR, and POILASNE GREGORY, dated 2010-03-03, which discloses; designs and techniques for directly feeding an unbalanced transmission line with a balanced antenna using Composite Right and Left-Handed (CRLH) and balun structures. According to various examples, first and second radiating elements, first and second antenna structures, or first and second portions of an antenna structure can provide a left-handed (LH) mode resonance and a right-handed (RH) mode resonance. A feed port can provide an unbalanced signal, and a balun structure can be coupled to the first and second radiating elements, first and second antenna structures, or first and second portions of an antenna structure, to adapt the unbalanced signal from the feed port to a balanced signal for coupling to the first and second radiating elements, first and second antenna structures, or first and second portions of an antenna structure.

[0009] Another reference has been made to CN102057536A, titled "Single-feed multi-cell metamaterial antenna devices", by RAYSPAN CORP, dated 24- 03-2009, which discloses; Designs and techniques of Composite Right- Left Handed (CRLH) Metamaterial (MTM) antenna devices, including a CRLH MTM devices that include MTM cells formed on a substrate and a conductive launch stub formed on the substrate to be adjacent to each of the MTM cells and electromagnetically coupled to each of the MTM cells.

[0010] Another reference has been made to US20210232045A1, titled "two- dimensional conformal optically-fed phased array and methods of manufacturing the same", by SHI SHOUYUAN, PRATHER DENNIS, YAO PENG and MURAKOWSKI JANUSZ, dated 2021-01-27, which discloses; two-dimensional conformal optically-fed phased arrays and methods for manufacturing the same. The method includes providing a wafer substrate, depositing a first cladding layer on the wafer substrate, and depositing a core layer on the first cladding layer. The method further includes photolithographically patterning the core layer to provide a plurality of optical waveguide cores, and depositing a second cladding layer on the core layer to cover the plurality of optical waveguide cores to provide a plurality of optical waveguides. In addition, the method includes forming a plurality of antennas on the second cladding layer, each antenna of the plurality of antennas located near a termination.

[0011] Another reference has been made to US7327315B2, titled "Ultrawideband antenna", by ARTIMI LTD, dated 2003-11-21, which discloses; Antennas for transmitting and receiving ultrawideband (UWB) signals are disclosed. A UWB antenna structure includes a planar conductor of substantially uniform resistance. The structure has the shape of a pair of conjoined, generally triangular figures, each with a long side, a short side, and a curved side. The triangular figures have an antenna feed connection at one corner. The structure has an axis of symmetry passing through the antenna feed connection.

[0012] Another reference has been made to CN113078468A, titled "Ultra- wideband dual-polarized probe antenna with low single-station radar cross section", by UNIV SOUTHEAST and PURPLE MOUNTAIN LABORATORIES FOR NETWORK COMMUNICATION & SECURITY, dated 2021-04-07, which discloses; an ultra-wideband dual-polarized probe antenna with a low single-station radar scattering cross section. The antenna comprises two antenna units which are connected together in a regular cross manner, each antenna unit comprises a dielectric plate, a feed microstrip line and a metal radiation layer, a gap structure on the metal radiation layer is composed of a circular groove, a rectangular groove and a conical gradual change groove, a pair of inclined rectangular grooves is introduced into the two sides of the tapered gradual change groove, a pair of symmetrical angle grooves with irregular shapes are cut in the bottom of the metal radiation layer feeder line, and the feed microstrip line is composed of a multi-stage matching line and a terminal fan-shaped structure. The second antenna unit adds a complementary resonant ring structure to the metal radiation layer, and a U-shaped metal patch is welded at the bottom end of the metal radiation layer. The antenna provided by the invention has the advantages of dual polarization characteristic, small single-station radar scattering cross section, high port isolation, dual polarization and the like, and has wide application prospects in the aspects of non-invasive detection, near-field darkroom measurement probes, stealth ultra- wideband communication and the like.

[0013] Another reference has been made to CN203180065U, titled "Coplanar waveguide feed plane ultra-wideband antenna array", by UNIV BEIJING JIAOTONG, dated 2013-03-20, which discloses; a coplanar waveguide feed plane ultra-wideband antenna array comprising a medium substrate, radiation pasters, a coplanar waveguide floor, coplanar waveguide central conduction bands, air bridges, and a coaxial joint. The coplanar waveguide can be divided into two parts, and then the two parts can be divided into four parts to form an integral feed network. The feed network comprises six branches. The four radiation pasters and the coplanar waveguide floor can be used to form four antenna units. Each of the branches adopts the large radius arc bending way, and the width of the coplanar waveguide central conduction band of each of the branches is provided with an e-shaped index type gradual change. Each of the branches of the coplanar waveguide is provided with a pair of air bridges, and the coplanar waveguide is connected with the coaxial cable by the coaxial joint. Compared to the antenna unit, the directivity and the radiation intensity of the antenna array can be enhanced, and the frequency band is wide, and the integration degree is broad.

[0014] Another reference has been made to US6317094, titled "Feed structures for tapered slot antennas", by LITVA ANTENNA ENTPR INC, dated 1999- 05-24, which discloses; A suspended microstrip line structure for feeding a tapered slot antenna has a ground layer separated by means of an air gap from a dielectric slab with a strip line conductor feed running on the surface of the dielectric. The strip line may run along the surface of the dielectric which faces away from the ground layer, or the structure may be inverted such that the strip line runs along the surface of the dielectric which faces the ground layer. These suspended microstrip line structures exhibit lower transmission loss. In another embodiment, a printed transmission line having a slot in its ground layer feeds a tapered slot antenna element which lies in a plane which intersects, and so is not parallel to, the printed transmission line structure. The ground layer slots cut the current on the ground of the transmission line and couple energy from the line to the tapered slot antenna element. Altering the configuration of the ground layer slots allows the antenna to efficiently operate within different frequency bands without changing the dimensions or parameters of the tapered slot antenna or the printed transmission line. The printed transmission line is preferably a suspended microstrip line. One- and two-dimensional arrays of these antenna elements fed by a parallel beam forming network (BFN) may also be assembled.

[0015] Another reference has been made to WO2019213784, titled "applications of metamaterial electromagnetic bandgap structures", by UNIV ALBERTA, dated 2018-05-10, which discloses; An electromagnetic bandgap structure is formed by loading a conductor backed coplanar waveguide with inductors and capacitors selected to cause a frequencydependent coupling between a parallel-plate waveguide mode and a coplanar waveguide mode to form an electromagnetic bandgap. The structure may be formed by printing (i.e. removal of metallization) on one side of a conventional double-sided printed circuit board.

[0016] Another reference has been made to US20090066597, titled "substrate integrated waveguide antenna array", by University of Tennessee Research Foundation, dated 2007-09-07, which discloses; A substrate integrated waveguide (SIW) slot full-array antenna fabricated employing printed circuit board technology. The SIW slot full-array antenna using either single or multi-layer structures greatly reduces the overall height and physical steering requirements of a mobile antenna when compared to a conventional metallic waveguide slot array antenna. The SIW slot full-array antenna is fabricated using a low-loss dielectric substrate with top and bottom metal plating. An array of radiating cross-slots is etched in to the top plating to produce circular polarization at a selected tiltangle. Lines of spaced-apart, metal-lined vias form the sidewalls of the waveguides and feeding network. In multi-layer structures, the adjoining layers are coupled by transverse slots at the interface of the two layers.

[0017] Another reference has been made to US20210359419A1, titled "cavity backed antenna with in-cavity resonators", by VAYYAR IMAGING LTD, dated 2017-12-26, which discloses; A compact wideband RF antenna for incorporating into a planar substrate, such as a PCB, having at least one cavity with a radiating slot, and at least one transmission line resonator disposed within a cavity and coupled thereto. Additional embodiments provide stacked slot-coupled cavities and multiple coupled transmissionline resonators placed within a cavity. Applications to ultra-wideband systems and to millimeter-wave systems, as well as to dual and circular polarization antennas are disclosed. Further applications include configurations for an antenna based on a monopole element and having a radiation pattern that is approximately isotropic. Another reference has been made to US10673145B2, titled "Antenna system facilitating reduction of interfering signals", by ELWHA LLC, dated 2017-05-08, which discloses; an antenna system and method. The antenna system includes a surface scattering antenna that has an electromagnetic waveguide structure and a plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements. The plurality of electromagnetic wave scattering elements are distributed along the waveguide structure, have a respective activatable electromagnetic response to a propagating electromagnetic wave, and produce a controllable radiation pattern. A gain definition circuit defines a radiation pattern configured to acquire a possible interfering signal. The defined antenna radiation pattern has a field of view covering at least a portion of an undesired field of view of an associated antenna. An antenna controller establishes the defined radiation pattern in the surface scattering antenna by activating the respective electromagnetic response of selected electromagnetic wave scattering elements. A correction circuit reduces an influence of the received possible interfering signal in a contemporaneously received signal by the associated antenna.

[0018] Another reference has been made to US20190372671, titled "patch antenna for wave agility", by NXGEN PARTNERS IP LLC, which discloses; A system for enabling signal penetration into a building comprising first circuitry, located on an exterior of the building, for receiving signals at a first frequency that experiences losses when penetrating into an interior of the building and converting the received signals at the first frequency into a first format that overcome losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building over a wireless communications link. A first patch antenna array associated with the first circuitry transmits the signals in the first format into the interior of the building via a wireless communications link and for receives signals from the interior of the building in the first format via the wireless communications link. Second circuitry, located on the interior of the building and communicatively linked with the first circuitry via the wireless communications link, receives and transmits the converted received signals in the first format that counteracts the losses caused by penetrating into the interior of the building from / to the first circuitry. A second patch antenna array associated with the second circuitry transmits the signals in the first format to the exterior of the building via the wireless communications link and for receives signals from the exterior of the building in the first format via the wireless communications link.

[0019] Another reference has been made to CN201789074U, titled "Indoor coverage patch antenna with low profile for mobile communication", by WUHU RUIER TECHNOLOGY CO LTD and WUHUN BRANCH OF CHINA MOBILE GROUP ANHUI, dated 2010-08-13, which discloses; an indoor coverage patch antenna with a low profile for mobile communication, comprising a metal earth plate and a radiating element formed by a metal patch on one surface of a dielectric slab and a microstrip tapered line connected with the metal patch. The indoor coverage patch antenna with the low profile for mobile communication is characterized in that the metal earth plate is arranged on the other surface of the dielectric slab and coupled with the radiating element through a coaxial connector, and an LC matching network is arranged between the microstrip tapered line and the metal earth plate. By adopting the structure, the indoor coverage patch antenna with the low profile for mobile communication has the following advantages: firstly, realizing the ultra-wideband characteristic of a microstrip patch antenna, giving expression to the low profile characteristic of a microstrip antenna, and particularly leading the frequency band ranging from 803 to 2700 M to be available in mobile communication under the condition that the standing-wave ratio is less than 1.4; secondly, dispensing with arraying as well as complicated feed system with the adoption of single-port feeding, and realizing multifrequency, wideband and low profile; and thirdly, leading two frequency bands to completely meet the requirements of a 806 MHz-2700 MHz wireless communication system on frequency bands. The microstrip antenna has the advantages of simple production and low implementation cost, thus being suitable for bulk production.

[0020] Another reference has been made to CN103107419A, titled "Combined dual-frequency broadband antenna with zigzag feed structure", by UNIV NANJING POSTS & TELECOMM, dated 2013-01-30, which discloses; a combined dual-frequency broadband antenna with a zigzag feed structure, and belongs to the technical field of microwaves. A bottom layer radiation unit and a top layer radiation unit are respectively designed on a medium base plate with a dielectric constant within the range of 2-20 in an anti-symmetric mode, wherein the bottom layer radiation unit comprises a bottom layer tuning stub (2), a bottom layer vibrator unit (7), a bottom layer feed structure (71) and a bottom layer taper slot antenna (9), and the bottom layer tuning stub (2), and the bottom layer vibrator unit (7), the bottom layer feed structure (71) and the bottom layer taper slot antenna (9) are arranged on the same plane; and the top layer radiation unit comprises a top layer tuning stub (3), a top layer vibrator unit (8), a top layer feed structure (81) and a top layer taper slot antenna unit (10), and the top layer tuning stub (3), the bottom layer vibrator unit (8), the top layer feed structure (81) and the top layer taper slot antenna unit (10) are arranged on the same plane. The combined dual-frequency broadband antenna with the zigzag feed structure can ensure that the impedance bandwidth of a low-frequency stage notably is increased by 120%, and the impedance bandwidth of a high-frequency stage notably is increased about by 40%, and meanwhile retains other characters of a symmetrical dipole-antipodal tapered slot antenna combined antenna.

[0021] Another reference has been made to CN108155460A, titled "Dual-band omnidirectional coupling branch loaded spiral antenna and manufacturing method thereof", by UNIV FUZHOU, dated 2017-11-30, which discloses; a dual-band omnidirectional coupling branch loaded spiral antenna and a manufacturing method thereof. The spiral antenna comprises a flexible dielectric substrate, wherein the flexible dielectric substrate is provided with a spiral antenna main body and a short circuit strip, the flexible dielectric substrate is connected with a grounding plate, the short circuit strip is perpendicular to the grounding plate, and the short circuit strip and the grounding plate are provided with a feed port there between; the spiral antenna main body comprises a main body radiation spiral arm I, a coupling branch spiral arm I, a main body radiation spiral arm II and a coupling branch spiral arm II which are sequentially arranged at equal intervals along an extension direction of the short circuit strip, the starting points of the main body radiation spiral arm I and the main body radiation spiral arm II are located on the short circuit strip, and the starting points of the coupling branch spiral arm I and the coupling branch spiral arm II are close to the short circuit strip. The dual-band omnidirectional coupling branch loaded spiral antenna not only can obtain an omnidirectional antenna operating at dual bands, but also adopts a four-arm single-feed technology, is novel in structure and improves the consistency and the product reliability.

[0022] However, none of the above discussed inventions relates to sauiaalv shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna, which has a circular shape and is based on the tapering technique. The said antenna provides a large bandwidth, from 3 GHz to 20 GHz. The proposed novel souioolv shaped taper has a size of 30 x 35 mm2 and is composed of a circular metallic patch and dielectric substrate with the Perfect Electric Conductor (PE on one side and the other side remaining blank as like a PCB. The dielectric substrate of the antenna is composed of FR4 material and exhibits a dielectric constant of 4.4, a thickness of 0.16 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0024. All patch, around, and feed are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC material. Further, the feed comprises two feed widths, one as inner feed Pl and the other as f2, and provides a zia-zaa arrangement structure bv a simultaneous increasing and decreasing of feed widths, thereby achieving a larger bandwidth of about 17 GHz and providing an impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3 GHz to 20.3 GHz with a gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency; the impedance matching for the larger bandwidth is measured bv a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA^ connected to the fabricated antenna during.

[0023] Objective of the Invention:

[0024] The main objective of the present invention is to provide a squiggly shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna.

[0025] Another objective of the present invention is to provide dielectric substrate with perfect electric conductor (PEC) on one side.

[0026] Another objective of the present invention is to provide CPW-based design having a circular-shaped patch and a tapered feed.

[0027] Another objective of the present invention is to user defined spline coordinates were used to define tapered feed.

[0028] Another objective of the present invention is to use Zig-Zag shape in feed. Another objective of the present invention is to use FR.4 material as substrate with 4.4 dielectric constant, a thickness of 1.6mm and a loss tangent of 0.0024.

[0029] Another objective of the present invention is to provide photolithography method based wet-etching facility.

[0030] Another objective of the present invention is to provide enhance and optimize impedance matching at elevated frequencies.

[0031] Another objective of the present invention is to provide small size of the feed, ground and patch.

[0032] Another objective of the present invention is to overcome the issue related to polarization, limited gain, operation at a single frequency, and a narrow impedance bandwidth.

[0033] Another objective of the present invention is to cover almost whole UWB band.

[0034] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a low cost microstrip metallic patch antenna.

[0035] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a microstrip patch antenna and taper feed for achieving a large bandwidth of about 17 GHz.

[0036] Another objective of the present invention is to provide a microstrip patch antenna with an impedance bandwidth ranging from 3.3~20.3 GHz with a measured gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9Ghz.

[0037] Another objective of the present invention is to provide an microstrip patch antenna for wireless communication device.

[0038] Summary of the Invention: The present invention provides a novel squiggly shaped taper for achieving impedance matching for a larger bandwidth. The said taper has a size of 30x35 mm2 and comprises a circular metallic patch, a dielectric substrate, a taper feed, and a Perfect Electric Conductor, placed on one side, while the other side remains blank like a single-sided PCB. In the present invention, the said dielectric substrate is composed of FR4 material and exhibits a dielectric constant of 4.4, a thickness of 0.16 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0024. All patch, ground, and feed in the taper are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC. The taper feed comprises two feed widths as inner feed Pl and another feed as f2, and provides a zig zag arrangement structure through a simultaneous increase and decrease of feed widths. The antenna achieves a larger bandwidth of about 17 GHz as well as providing an impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3~20.3 GHz with a gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency and covering the whole ultra-wide band. Furthermore, the impedance matching for a larger bandwidth of about 17 GHz and the reflection coefficient of said antenna are measured by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) connected to the fabricated antenna, and the tapering of the excitation feed is achieved by the user-defined spline coordinates.

[0039] Statement of the Invention:

[0040] Accordingly, the present invention provides a novel squiggly shaped taper which has a size of 30x35 mm2, and comprises a circular metallic patch, a dielectric substrate, taper feed and a Perfect Electric Conductor placed on one side, and other side remains blank as a single-sided PCB; the said dielectric substrate acts as substrate and is comprising of a FR 4 material and exhibits a dielectric constant of 4.4, thickness of 0.16 mm and loss tangent of 0.0024; All patch, ground and feed are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC material; the said taper feed comprises two feed widths as inner feed Pl and another feed f2 and provides a zig zag arrangement structure by simultaneous increase and decrease of feed widths; the said antenna achieves a larger bandwidth of about 17 GHz and provides impedance matching for larger bandwidth of 144% from 3.3 to 20.3 GHz and shows a gain of 5.167 dBi at frequency of 14.9 GHz and covers whole ultra-wide band; further, the tapering of excitation is achieved by the user-defined spline coordinates.

[0041] Brief Description of Invention:

[0042] Figure 1: represents the prototype of fabricated microstrip antenna.

[0043] Figure 2: represents the configuration of engineered antenna in respect of movement of impedance in the antenna.

[0044] Figure 3: represent the zigzag arrangement of the squiggly shaped tapered feed for providing an impedance matching for the broadband frequency range.

[0045] Figure 4: represents a change in tapered feed width of antenna during the working of the antenna.

[0046] Figure 5: represents the band width of reflection coefficient as; simulated and measured bandwidth.

[0047] The figures are merely for illustration purpose and shall not be construed to limit the scope of the invention.

[0048] Detailed Description of the Invention:

[0049] It should be noted that the particular description and embodiments set forth in the specification below are merely exemplary of the wide variety and arrangement of instructions which can be employed with the present invention. The present invention may be embodied in other specific forms without departing from the spirit or essential characteristics thereof. All the features disclosed in this specification may be replaced by similar other or alternative features performing similar or same or equivalent purposes. Thus, unless expressly stated otherwise, they all are within the scope of present invention. Various modifications or substitutions are also possible without departing from the scope or spirit of the present invention. Therefore, it is to be understood that this specification has been described by way of the most preferred embodiments and for the purposes of illustration and not limitation.

[0050] Microstrip patch antennas are subject to various limitations, including challenges related to polarization, limited gain, operation at a single frequency, and a narrow impedance bandwidth. The present invention uses tapered feeding technique to achieve large bandwidth. The small size and straightforward design of the feed, ground, and patch structure make it a desirable option for incorporating into contemporary communication devices that have strict space limitations.

[0051] The present invention discloses squiggly shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna which comprises a circular shaped patch antenna, a tapered feed 3, Patch 102, a dielectric substrate 101, a Perfect Electric Conductor 103, and SMA connector 104. The taper comprises a CPW design. The dielectric substrate 101 with Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103 is placed on one side and the other side remains blank as a single sided PCB. This is a CPW-based design having circular shaped patch 102 and tapered feed 3. The SMA connector 104 is used to connect the co-axil cable with the antenna. The circular shaped patch 102 which is connected with the SMA connector 104 and substrate 101, where Perfect Electric Conductor 103 is also connected with the SMA connector 104 through soldering iron.

[0052] The tapered feed 3 comprises two feed widths, one as inner feed Pl and the other as outer feed f2, and are arranged in a zig-zag structure 105 arrangement in tapered feed 3 by the simultaneous increasing and decreasing of feed widths in feed. The tapering of the excitation feed is achieved by using user defined spline coordinates. In the tapered feed 3, the parameters are selected to switch the width of the plane between two points so that the impedance keeps switching as well. The tapered feed 3 has continuous diminishing width in the feed structure. The shape of the feed achieved after coordinate selection exhibits a zig-zag arrangement 105.

[0053] The present invention provides a squiggly shaped taper for achieving a larger bandwidth ranging from 3 GHz to 20 GHz and provides a zig zag arrangement 105 of feed width through the user defined spline coordinates. The said taper is composed of a circular patch 102, a dielectric substrate 101, and a Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103 placed on one side of the taper, while the other side of the tape remains blank as a single-sided PCB. The present invention provides a taper comprising a circular-shaped patch 102 antenna and a tapered feed 3. The tapering of the excitation feed is achieved by using user-defined spline coordinates and exhibits a zig-zag arrangement 105 for achieving impedance matching for the broadband frequency range from 3 GHz to 17 GHz.

[0054] The present invention provides a dielectric substrate 101, which comprises FR 4 material with a 4.4 dielectric constant, a thickness of 1.6 mm, and a loss tangent of 0.0024, and is placed with a Perfect Electric Conductor on one side of the taper, while the other side remains blank. All patches, ground, and feed are made of 0.035 mm PEC material.

[0055] The performance of said patch antenna is measured by the photolithography wet-etching method. Further, a fabricated antenna is connected to a VNA (Vector Network Analyzer) for measurement of reflection coefficient. The anechoic chamber is used to measure the radiation pattern.

[0056] The reflection coefficient parameters or Sil (dB) represents the power reflection from the antenna and analyzed by varying the width of the feed. The feed has two feed widths one is inner feed Pl and another one is outer feed P2. The S-parameters varies when the value of P2 is varied. The value of P2 varied from 1.7 to 2.8 and the final value is 2.36, and is presented in green color 4. Further, the value of P2 varies from 1.7, 1.92, 2.14, 2.36, 2.58, to 2.8 and the final value is achieved as 2.36. The microstrip antenna of the present invention provides the bandwidth of 17 GHz (3.3 GHz to 20.3 GHz) from the reflection coefficients Sil (dB) plot and satisfies a gain of -10 dB.

[0057] Table: Dimensions and corresponding values

[0058] The aforementioned table discloses dimensions and corresponding values of various parameters selected for designing the said squiggly shaped taper. The dimension of antenna comprises width of substrate (SW) is 30 mm and length of substrate (SL) is 35 mm for impedance matching of radio waves for larger frequency bandwidth ranging from 3 GHz to 20Ghz. The ground length (GL) of taper is 10 mm; patch antenna length Pl is 4.72mm, ground plane length P2 is 1.4 mm for impedance matching, substrate thickness P3 is 2.5 mm for mounting the patch antenna 101 on the Perfect Electric Conductor, and dielectric constant P4 of patch antenna 101 is 0.8mm, length of the patch in the antenna LI is 1mm, reflection coefficient R of the said dielectric substrate FR 4 material is 9, dielectric substrate height H with respect to the patch is 1.6 mm and height HP of the circular patch with respect to the ground plane is 0.0035 mm and all the patch, ground and feed are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC material. Furthermore, these parameters are measured using a photolithography method, wherein the antenna is connected to a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) for measuring the reflection coefficient in the said antenna.

[0059] The present invention has been achieved bandwidth of 17 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3~20.3 GHz with a maximum measured gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency. It is observed that the results obtained from the present invention closely align with the outcomes of the simulated ones. The small size and straightforward design of the feed, ground, and patch structure make it a desirable option for incorporating into contemporary communication devices that have strict space limitations. The contrast between the measured and simulated values of reflection coefficient of the present invention is depicted in Figure 5. The measured bandwidth of 17 GHz (3.3 GHz ~ 20.3 GHz) is attained from Sil (dB) plot satisfying -10 dB criteria. The value of Sil (dB) at -10 dB is the most suitable for good performance of antenna. The present invention covers almost the whole UWB band. The measured values of the S-parameters are in close agreement with the simulated values. Referring to figure 1, that discloses prototype of the present invention, comprising of a circular shaped patch 102, a tapered feed 3, a dielectric substrate 101 comprising of FR 4 material and a Perfect Electric conductor (PEC) 103 placed on one side, and other side of remains blank as a single sided PCB; additionally, the patch 102, ground and feed of the novel squiggly shaped taper are comprised of a 0.035 mm PEC material sheet 103.

[0060] Referring to figure 2, that discloses configuration of present circular shape patch antenna comprising parameters SW for width of substrate 101, SL for length of substrate 101, R for radius of patch 102 and GL for length for ground for designing the squiggly shaped taper. The tapered feed 3, the parameters are selected to switch the width of the plane between two points so that the impedance keeps switching as well.

[0061] Referring to figure 3, that discloses a continuous diminishing width in the tapered feed structure providing a zig zag structure 105 arrangement of feed in the tapered feed 3 structure. The said zig zag arrangement 105 of the feed is achieved after coordinate selection of feed widths including Pl, P2, P4 and P3, and provides zig zag arrangement 105, and provides impedance matching for the broadband frequency range of 3.3 to 20.3 GHz for covering whole spectrum of ultra-wide broad bang.

[0062] Referring to figure 4, that discloses the graphical representation of change in feed width P2 for impedance matching of the patch antenna, which are measured by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA) connected to the patch antenna. The value of other feed P2 is as 1.7, 1.92, 2.14, 2.36, 2.58, and 2.8 and the final value of P2 is achieved as 2.36 which is represented in green colour, similarly the other values including 1.7, 1.92, 2.14, 2.58 and 2.8 of feed P2 are represented in black, red, blue, purple and yellow colours. The tapered feed 3 comprises two feed widths an inner feed Pl and other feed P2, and the value of P2 changes on varying the value of S parameters including reflection coefficients in the said antenna; further, the value of inner feed Pl varies ranging from 1.7 to 2.8 mm, and the final stage for the impedance matching for larger bandwidth the width of inner feed Pl is achieved as 2.36 for the better performance of antenna and provides an impedance matching for larger frequency bandwidth ranging from 3 GHz to 20 GHz.

[0063] Referring to figure 5, that discloses the graphical representation of reflection coefficient parameters including simulated Sil parameters of patch antenna results to measure impedance matching, as well as the experimental parameters of fabricated antenna which are monitored by a Vector Network Analyzer (VNA), and represented as measured Sil parameters monitored by Vector Network Analyzer (VNA); Wherein the graph shows a measured bandwidth of 17 GHz (3.3 GHz to 20.3 GHz) and a high gain of -10 dB is attained from the reflection coefficient Sil parameters.

[0064] The present invention provides a higher impedance matching for larger frequency and impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3 GHz to 20.3 GHz as well as retain a high gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency, and satisfies the -10 dB criteria for higher performance of antenna.

[0065] So, accordingly the present invention provides a squiggly shaped taper having size of 30x35 mm2, and comprises a circular metallic patch 102, a tapered feed with a dielectric substrate 101 FR 4 material, mounted with a Perfect Electric conductor (PEC) 103 on one side and other side remains blank in the said squiggly shaped taper, and all patch, ground, and feed are comprised of 0.035 mm PEC material; the tapered feed 3 comprises two feed widths one as inner feed widths Pl and another as feed f2 and provides a zig zag arrangement of feed widths fl and f2 by a simultaneous increase and decrease of feed, further, the said squiggly shaped taper provides dimensions of various parameters including, the antenna dimension SW and SL for excitation feed is 30 mm and 35 mm respectively, of ground plane dimension GL is 10 mm, patch antenna length Pl is 4.72 mm, ground plane length P2 is 1.4 mm, substrate thickness P3 is 2.5 mm for mounting the patch antenna on the Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC), patch antenna's dielectric constant P4 is 0.8, length of patch antenna LI is 1mm, substrate height H with respect to the patch is 1.6 mm, and circular patch's Height HP with respect to ground plane is 0.0035; the said antenna further achieves a larger bandwidth of about 17 GHz and provides an impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3 to 20.3 GHz, and with a gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency range, and therefore covers whole ultra wide broad band range.

[0066] In an exemplary embodiment of the invention, said squiggly shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna comprising of; size of 30x35 mm2; a circular shaped metallic patch 102, a dielectric substrate 101, a squiggly shaped tapered feed 2, a Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103, SMA connector 104; said patch, ground, and feed are made up of 0.035 mm PEC sheet; said shape of the feed is achieved after coordinate selection exhibiting a zig-zag arrangement 105; anechoic chamber is used to measure the radiation pattern; achieves large bandwidth of 17 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 144%; and covers almost hole UWB band.

[0067] In another embodiment of the invention, said said antenna composed of a dielectric substrate 101 with Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103 on one side and the other side blank just like single-sided PCB which is a CPW- based having a circular-shaped patch 102 and a tapered feed 3. In another embodiment of the invention, said tapering of the excitation feed is achieved by using user defined spline coordinates, in which the parameters are selected to switch the width of the plane between two points so that the impedance keeps switching as well.

[0068] In another embodiment of the invention, said tapered feed 3 continuous diminishing width in the feed structure, and the shape of the feed is achieved after coordinate selection exhibits a zig-zag arrangement 105 and it provides the impedance matching for the broadband frequency range.

[0069] In another embodiment of the invention, said material used as substrate 101 is FR.4 with 4.4 dielectric constant, a thickness of 1.6mm and a loss tangent of 0.0024, and all patch, ground and feed are made of 0.0035mm PEC.

[0070] In another embodiment of the invention, said antenna is fabricated using photolithography method-based wet-etching facility, which is connected to a Vector Network Analyzer for measurement of reflection coefficient, the anechoic chamber is used to measure the radiation pattern, and scattering parameter or Sil (dB) is measured by varying the width of feed.

[0071] In another embodiment of the invention, said feed has two feed widths one is inner feed Pl and another feed is outer feed P2, and the value of P2 is varies with S-parameter; the value of P2 is varied from 1.7 to 2.8 where final value is 2.36.

[0072] In another embodiment of the invention, said zig-zag structure is used in the feed which is simultaneously increasing and decreasing.

[0073] In another embodiment of the invention, said antenna achieved 17GHz bandwidth, and provides an impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3~20.3 GHz with a maximum measured gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency, and the results are closely aligned with the outcomes of the simulated ones due to the small size and straight forward design of the feed, ground and patch structure which is incorporated into contemporary communication devices.

[0074] In another embodiment of the invention, said measured bandwidth of 17 GHz (3.3 GHz~20.3 GHz) is attained from Sil (dB) plot satisfying -lOdB criteria, and the value of Sil (dB) at -10 dB is the most suitable for good performance of antenna, and the measure values of S-parameters are in close agreement with the simulated values.

[0075] In another embodiment of the invention, said squiggly shaped taper comprises dimension of antenna SW and SL for excitation feed is 30 mm and 35 mm respectively for impedance matching of radio waves for larger frequency bandwidth ranging from 3-20 GHz; the ground plane dimension GL is 10 mm; the patch antenna length Pl is 4.72mm, ground plane length P2 is 1.4 mm for impedance matching, substrate thickness P3 is 2.5 mm for mounting the patch antenna on the Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC), and patch antenna dielectric constant P4 is 0.8mm, length LI of the antenna is 1mm, dielectric substrate's reflection coefficient R. is 9mm, substrate height H is 1.6 mm with respect to the patch and the circular patch height HP is 0.0035 with respect to the ground plane.

[0076] While particular embodiments of the present invention have been shown and described, it will be obvious to those skilled in the art that changes and modifications may be made without departing from this invention in its broader aspects and, therefore, the aim in the present invention is to cover all such changes and modifications as fall within the true spirit and scope of this invention.

[0077] Advantages of the Invention:

[0078] 1. Cost effective

[0079] 2. Impedance matching for the larger frequency range from 3 GHz to 20 GHz.

[0080] 3. Covers whole UWB band

[0081] 4. High gain of up to 10 dBi for a patch antenna

[0082] 5. Long distance wire-less communication

[0083] 6. Circular shaped patch antenna

[0084] 7. Better internet connectivity

[0085] 8. Low cross polarization

[0086] 9. Compact size for the application where the space is limited

Claims

We Claim:

1. A squiggly shaped tapered feed CPW patch antenna comprising of; size of 30x35 mm2; a circular shaped metallic patch 102, a dielectric substrate 101, a squiggly shaped tapered feed 2, a Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103, SMA connector 104; said patch, ground, and feed are made up of 0.035 mm PEC sheet; said shape of the feed is achieved after coordinate selection exhibiting a zig-zag arrangement 105; anechoic chamber is used to measure the radiation pattern; achieves large bandwidth of 17 GHz with impedance bandwidth of 144%; and covers almost hole UWB band.

2. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said antenna composed of a dielectric substrate 101 with Perfect Electric Conductor (PEC) 103 on one side and the other side blank just like single-sided PCB which is a CPW-based having a circular-shaped patch 102 and a tapered feed 3.

3. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tapering of the excitation feed is achieved by using user defined spline coordinates, in which the parameters are selected to switch the width of the plane between two points so that the impedance keeps switching as well.

4. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said tapered feed 3 continuous diminishing width in the feed structure, and the shape of the feed is achieved after coordinate selection exhibits a zig-zag arrangement 105 and it provides the impedance matching for the broadband frequency range.

5. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said material used as substrate 101 is FR.4 with 4.4 dielectric constant, a thickness of 1.6mm and a loss tangent of 0.0024, and all patch, ground and feed are made of 0.0035mm PEC.

6. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said antenna is fabricated using photolithography method-based wet-etching facility, which is connected to a Vector Network Analyzer for measurement of reflection coefficient, the anechoic chamber is used to measure the radiation pattern, and scattering parameter or Sil (dB) is measured by varying the width of feed.

7. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said feed has two feed widths one is inner feed Pl and another feed is outer feed P2, and the value of P2 is varies with S-parameter; the value of P2 is varied from 1.7 to 2.8 where final value is 2.36.

8. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said zig-zag structure is used in the feed which is simultaneously increasing and decreasing.

9. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said antenna achieved 17GHz bandwidth, and provides an impedance bandwidth of 144% ranging from 3.3~20.3 GHz with a maximum measured gain of 5.167 dBi at 14.9 GHz frequency, and the results are closely aligned with the outcomes of the simulated ones due to the small size and straight forward design of the feed, ground and patch structure which is incorporated into contemporary communication devices.

10. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said measured bandwidth of 17 GHz (3.3 GHz~20.3 GHz) is attained from Sil (dB) plot satisfying -lOdB criteria, and the value of Sil (dB) at -10 dB is the most suitable for good performance of antenna, and the measure values of S-parameters are in close agreement with the simulated values.

11. The antenna as claimed in claim 1, wherein said squiggly shaped taper comprises dimension of antenna SW and SL for excitation feed is 30 mm and 35mm for impedance matching of radio wavesfor larger frequency bandwidth ranging from 3-20 GHz; the ground plane dimension GL is 10 mm; the patch antenna length Pl is 4.72mm, ground plane length P2 is 1.4 mm for impedance matching, substrate thickness P3 is 2.5 mm for mounting the patch antenna on the Perfect Electrical Conductor (PEC), and patch antenna dielectric constant P4 is 0.8mm, length LI of the antenna is 1mm, dielectric substrate's reflection coefficient R. is 9mm, substrate height H is 1.6 mm with respect to the patch and the circular patch height HP is 0.0035 with respect to the ground plane.

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