Electronic device

Abstract

The present application provides an electronic device. The electronic device comprises an antenna. An operating frequency band of the antenna comprises a satellite communication frequency band. A frame of the electronic device comprises a first position, a second position and a third position which are arranged in sequence, and insulating gaps are formed at said positions. The antenna uses a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the third position as a radiator. The antenna is coupled to an adjustable element at the second position. By adjusting the adjustable element, the antenna can generate radiation patterns having different maximum radiation directions, thereby improving the user experience during satellite communication.

Description

An electronic device

[0001] This application claims priority from the Chinese Patent Application No. 202410751551.5 filed on June 11, 2024, and entitled "An Antenna Structure and a Terminal Device", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.

[0002] This application claims priority from the Chinese Patent Application No. 202411351396.4 filed on September 25, 2024, and entitled "An Electronic Device", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present application relates to the field of wireless communication, and in particular to an electronic device. BACKGROUND

[0004] When a user performs satellite communication, it is required to point the region with good radiation characteristics of the antenna (for example, the gain of the antenna in the region is greater than or equal to AdBic, A is the minimum gain value meeting the communication requirement in the satellite communication system) to the satellite, so as to realize the pointing to the satellite (establishing a communication connection with the satellite).

[0005] However, when performing satellite communication, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are affected by the human body in different holding conditions of the electronic device. For example, the conductor part of the frame of the electronic device is used as the radiator of the antenna, and when the user places the electronic device at the ear and uses the earpiece for voice communication, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna will deviate from the top direction of the electronic device, the gain and radiation efficiency will decrease, which greatly affects the communication experience of the user. SUMMARY

[0006] The present application provides an electronic device, which includes an antenna. The working frequency band of the antenna includes a satellite communication frequency band. The antenna uses the conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position as the radiator. The antenna is coupled with an adjustable element at the second position.

[0007] In a first aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame comprising a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position, the second position and the third position respectively; an antenna comprising: a radiator comprising a conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least part of the radiator being arranged spaced apart from the floor; a feed circuit, the radiator comprising a first feed point, the feed circuit being coupled with the first feed point; a first capacitor, the first capacitor being coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap; a first adjustable element, a second adjustable element, the radiator comprising a first connection point and a second connection point, the first adjustable element being coupled with the first connection point, the second adjustable element being coupled with the second connection point; wherein a length D0 of the radiator between the first connection point and the second insulating gap and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D0≤0.25×L0; a length D1 of the radiator between the second connection point and the first position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0.

[0008] According to embodiments of the present application, the radiator is divided into a first part (the radiator between the first position and the second position) and a second part (the radiator between the third position and the second position) by the second insulating gap (the second position). The first capacitor can be used to increase the coupling amount between the first part and the second part. The antenna can adjust the equivalent capacitance of the second insulating gap through the first adjustable element, so that the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts at different times (time / slot). Since the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts, the current intensity on the first part and the second part is different at different times (time / slot). In an embodiment, when the current intensity on the first part is greater than the current intensity on the second part, the radiation beam generated by the antenna is deflected towards the second part. In an embodiment, when the current intensity on the first part is less than the current intensity on the second part, the radiation beam generated by the antenna is deflected towards the first part.

[0009] The antenna can have different patterns with maximum radiation directions in the same frequency band. The antenna can switch the pattern generated by the antenna according to the communication status (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna, and ensure the communication quality between the communication satellite and the electronic device.

[0010] Therefore, the electronic device has good communication characteristics in a range of a large angle (e.g., 50°, 60°, or 70°) with the top direction (a direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when a user performs satellite communication, the antenna has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle of the radiation pattern, effectively improving the user experience.

[0011] Meanwhile, the antenna can also adjust the radiation characteristics (e.g., the resonant point frequency) through the adjustable element (e.g., the second adjustable element), so that the antenna works in more communication frequency bands.

[0012] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the first capacitance includes an equivalent capacitance formed between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap.

[0013] According to the embodiments of the present application, the equivalent capacitance value of the first capacitance can be adjusted by adjusting the facing area of the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap, the medium filled in the second insulating gap, and the like, so as to adjust the different coupling amount between the first part and the second part.

[0014] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the length L1 of the radiators between the first position and the second position and the length L0 of the radiators satisfy: 0.125×L0≤L1≤0.875×L0.

[0015] According to the embodiments of the present application, when the length L1 of the first part of the radiators is different from the length L2 of the second part of the radiators, the current distribution on the first part and the second part is more uneven, the radiation beam generated by the first part and the second part together has a larger angle with the top direction, and the antenna can generate a radiation beam with a larger angle offset (the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern has a larger angle with the top direction).

[0016] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a first connecting element and a second connecting element, the first capacitance is coupled and connected between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap through the first connecting element and the second connecting element; and the first adjustable element is coupled with the first connecting point through the first connecting element or the second connecting element.

[0017] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first connecting point, or the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first feeding point, which is more convenient for layout in the increasingly tight space of the electronic device.

[0018] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a length D0 of the radiator between the first connection point and the second insulating gap and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D0≤0.125×L0, and / or a length D1 of the radiator between the second connection point and the first position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.125×L0.

[0019] It should be understood that, as the first connection point approaches the second insulating gap, and / or the second connection point approaches the first position, the first adjustable element and / or the second adjustable element have a greater adjustment range on the radiation characteristics of the antenna.

[0020] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a switch; the radiator further includes a second feeding point, the feeding circuit is coupled with the first feeding point, the second feeding point through the switch, the first feeding point is located between the first position and the second position, the second feeding point is located between the second position and the third position.

[0021] According to the embodiments of the present application, since the first feeding point and the second feeding point are located at the first part and the second part respectively, the current distribution on the first part and the second part is more uneven when the electric signal is fed in by the first feeding point or the second feeding point, and the angle between the radiation beam generated by the first part and the second part together and the top direction is larger, which can make the radiation beam generated by the antenna have a larger angle offset (the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern and the top direction is larger).

[0022] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, a length N1 of the radiator between the first feeding point and the first position and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: N1≤0.25×L0, and / or a length N2 of the radiator between the second feeding point and the third position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: N2≤0.25×L0.

[0023] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first feeding point and / or the second feeding point are close to the open end of the radiator, and the open end is usually surrounded by a strong electric field, which facilitates the miniaturization of the antenna.

[0024] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a third adjustable element, the radiator includes a third connection point, the third adjustable element is coupled with the third connection point; the first feeding point and the second connection point coincide, and the second feeding point and the third connection point coincide.

[0025] According to the embodiments of the present application, the first feeding point and the second connecting point coincide, the second feeding point and the third connecting point coincide, a single connecting piece can be used to couple the first feeding point and the second connecting point, or the second feeding point and the third connecting point, which is more convenient for layout in the increasingly tight space of electronic devices.

[0026] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, based on the feeding circuit feeding radio frequency signals through the first feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element and the third adjustable element are used to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the feeding circuit feeding radio frequency signals through the second feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element and the second adjustable element are used to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern being different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0027] According to the embodiments of the present application, when the feeding point and the connecting point coincide, the radiation characteristics of the antenna can be tuned by the adjustable element on the second part when the feeding point on the first part feeds in the electrical signal.

[0028] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the distance N3 between the first feeding point and the second insulating gap and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0.

[0029] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, the antenna further includes a third adjustable element, the radiator includes a third connecting point, and the third adjustable element is coupled with the third connecting point; the length D2 of the radiator between the third connecting point and the third position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D2≤0.25×L0.

[0030] According to the embodiments of the present application, the third adjustable element can be used to adjust the electrical length of the radiator, so that the antenna has different radiation characteristics. The antenna includes the second adjustable element and the third adjustable element, and the antenna can have a wider adjustment range.

[0031] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, based on the first adjustable element being in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in the second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band. According to the embodiments of the present application, since the first adjustable element can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, the coupling amount between the first part and the second part is adjusted, so that the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator has different current distributions. Different current distributions can be understood as different current intensities on the radiator. When the current distribution on the radiator is different, the directional pattern generated by the first part and the second part together will change, so that the antenna has different directional patterns.

[0032] With reference to the first aspect, in some implementations of the first aspect, based on the first adjustable element being in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in the second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band. According to the embodiments of the present application, since the first adjustable element can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, the coupling amount between the first part and the second part is adjusted, so that the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator has different current distributions. Different current distributions can be understood as different current intensities on the radiator. When the current distribution on the radiator is different, the directional pattern generated by the first part and the second part together will change, so that the antenna has different directional patterns.

[0033] In a second aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame comprising a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position, the second position and the third position respectively; an antenna comprising: a radiator comprising a conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least part of the radiator being arranged spaced apart from the floor; a feeding circuit coupled with a feeding point of the radiator; a first adjustable element coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap; a second adjustable element coupled with a first connection point of the radiator; wherein the first connection point is located between the first position and the second position, and a length D1 of the radiator between the first connection point and the first position and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0.

[0034] According to the embodiments of the present application, the antenna can adjust the coupling amount between the first part and the second part of the radiator through the first adjustable element coupled on both sides of the second insulating gap. Through the above technical solution, the first part and the second part of the radiator can have different coupling amounts at different times (time slots), and the current strengths on the first part and the second part are different at different times (time slots), so that the antenna 200 generates a radiation beam deflection.

[0035] Therefore, the antenna can have different patterns with maximum radiation directions in the same frequency band, and the antenna can switch the pattern generated by the antenna according to the communication condition (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna, and ensure the communication quality with the communication satellite.

[0036] Therefore, the electronic device has good communication characteristics in a range with a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) with the top direction (the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when the user performs satellite communication, the antenna has a wide beam characteristic, and the pattern generated by the antenna has good characteristics in a large angle range, effectively improving the user experience.

[0037] At the same time, the antenna can also adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, the resonant point frequency) through the adjustable element (for example, the second adjustable element), so that the antenna works in more communication frequency bands.

[0038] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a length L1 of the radiator between the first position and the second position and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: 0.125*L0≤L1≤0.875*L0.

[0039] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the antenna further includes a switch; the radiator further includes a second feeding point, the feeding circuit is coupled with the first feeding point, the second feeding point through the switch, the first feeding point is located between the first position and the second position, and the second feeding point is located between the second position and the third position.

[0040] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a length N1 of the radiator between the first feeding point and the first position and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: N1≤0.25*L0, and / or, a length N2 of the radiator between the second feeding point and the third position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: N2≤0.25*L0.

[0041] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the antenna further includes a third adjustable element, the radiator includes a third connecting point, and the third adjustable element is coupled with the third connecting point; the first feeding point and the second connecting point coincide, and the second feeding point and the third connecting point coincide.

[0042] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, based on the feeding circuit feeding a radio frequency signal through the first feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element, and the third adjustable element are used to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional diagram at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the feeding circuit feeding a radio frequency signal through the second feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element, and the second adjustable element are used to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional diagram at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram are different; wherein a resonance frequency band of the first resonance and a resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0043] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, a distance N3 between the first feeding point and the second insulating gap and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25*L0.

[0044] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, the antenna further includes a third adjustable element, the radiator includes a third connection point, the third adjustable element is coupled with the third connection point; a length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point and the third position and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D2≤0.25×L0.

[0045] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, based on that the first adjustable element is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element is in the second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on that the first adjustable element is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element is in the fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different; wherein a resonance frequency band of the first resonance and a resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0046] With reference to the second aspect, in some implementations of the second aspect, based on that the first adjustable element is in the fifth circuit state and the second adjustable element is in the sixth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a third resonance, a resonance frequency band of the third resonance includes a first frequency band, the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band; based on that the first adjustable element is in the seventh circuit state and the second adjustable element is in the eighth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a fourth resonance, a resonance frequency band of the fourth resonance includes a second frequency band, the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0047] In a third aspect, an electronic device is provided, comprising: a floor; a frame comprising a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position, the second position and the third position respectively; an antenna comprising: a radiator comprising a conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least part of the radiator being arranged in a spaced manner with the floor; a feed circuit, the radiator comprising a feed point, the feed circuit being coupled with the feed point; a first adjustable element, the radiator comprising a first adjustment region, the first adjustment region comprising the second insulating gap, the first adjustable element being coupled with the first adjustment region; a second adjustable element, the radiator comprising a second adjustment region and a third adjustment region, the second adjustment region comprising the first position, the third adjustment region comprising the third position, the second adjustable element being coupled with the second adjustment region or the third adjustment region; wherein the feed point is located in any one of the first adjustment region, the second adjustment region and the third adjustment region.

[0048] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, based on the first adjustable element being in a first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, a current on the radiator having a first current distribution at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, the current on the radiator having a second current distribution at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first current distribution and the second current distribution being different; wherein a resonance frequency band of the first resonance and a resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a first frequency band, the first frequency band being a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a second frequency band, the second frequency band being a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0049] With reference to the third aspect, in some implementations of the third aspect, the antenna has a first directional diagram at the resonance point of the first resonance; the antenna has a second directional diagram at the resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram being different.

[0050] In some implementations of the third aspect, in combination with the third aspect, the radiator includes a first portion and a second portion, the first portion being the radiator between the first position and the second position, and the second portion being the radiator between the second position and the third position; the first adjustable element is configured to adjust the coupling amount between the first portion and the second portion in the first adjustment region, and / or the second adjustable element is configured to adjust the electric field generated by the radiator in the second adjustment region or the third adjustment region.

[0051] In some implementations of the third aspect, in combination with the third aspect, the antenna further includes a third adjustable element, the second adjustable element being coupled with the second adjustment region, and the third adjustable element being coupled with the third adjustment region. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0052] FIG. 1 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0053] FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a common mode of an antenna and corresponding distribution of current and electric field according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0054] FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of a structure of a differential mode of an antenna and corresponding distribution of current and electric field according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0055] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a use scenario of satellite communication according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0056] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0057] FIG. 6 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 5.

[0058] FIG. 7 is a schematic diagram of current distribution of an antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 5.

[0059] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0060] FIG. 9 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0061] FIG. 10 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to another embodiment of the present application.

[0062] FIG. 11 is a simulation result of S parameters of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in case 1.

[0063] FIG. 12 is a simulation result of S parameters of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in case 2.

[0064] FIG. 13 is a radiation pattern of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 2.

[0065] FIG. 14 is a S-parameter simulation result of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 3.

[0066] FIG. 15 is a radiation pattern of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 3.

[0067] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0068] FIG. 17 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0069] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0070] FIG. 19 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0071] FIG. 20 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0072] FIG. 21 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0073] Hereinafter, terms that can appear in embodiments of the present application are explained.

[0074] It should be understood that the term "and / or" used herein is only a description of the same field of associated objects, which means that there can be three relationships, for example, A and / or B can mean that A exists alone, A and B exist together, and B exists alone. In addition, the character " / " used herein generally means that the front and rear associated objects are in an "or" relationship.

[0075] "Within the scope of", as used in the present application, by default includes both end values of the range unless it is indicated separately that the end value is not included, for example, within the range of 1 to 5, including both 1 and 5.

[0076] Coupling: can be understood as direct coupling and / or indirect coupling, and "coupling connection" can be understood as direct coupling connection and / or indirect coupling connection. Direct coupling can also be referred to as "electrical connection", which is understood as physical contact and electrical conduction of components; it can also be understood as a form of connection between different components in a circuit structure through a signal-transmissible physical line such as a copper foil or a wire of a printed circuit board (PCB); "indirect coupling" can be understood as electrical conduction of two conductors through a space without contact. In an embodiment, indirect coupling can also be referred to as capacitive coupling, for example, signal transmission is realized by forming an equivalent capacitor through the coupling between the gap between two conductive parts.

[0077] Element / device: includes at least one of lumped elements / devices and distributed elements / devices.

[0078] Lumped element / device: refers to a general term for all elements when the size of the element is much smaller than the relative wavelength of the circuit operating frequency. For a signal, the characteristics of the element remain fixed at any time, regardless of the frequency. Lumped elements / devices can include lumped capacitors, lumped inductors, etc.

[0079] Distributed element / device: unlike lumped elements, when a signal passes through the element, the characteristics of each point of the element itself will be different due to the change of the signal, so at this time the element as a whole cannot be regarded as a single body with fixed characteristics, but should be called a distributed element. Distributed elements / devices can include distributed capacitors, distributed inductors, etc.

[0080] Capacitor: can be understood as a lumped capacitor and / or a distributed capacitor. Lumped capacitors include components that exhibit capacitance, such as capacitor elements; distributed capacitors (or distributed capacitors) include equivalent capacitors formed by spacing two conductive parts by a certain gap.

[0081] Inductor: can be understood as a lumped inductor and / or a distributed inductor. Lumped inductors include components that exhibit inductance, such as inductor elements; distributed inductors (or distributed inductors) include equivalent inductors formed by a certain length of conductive parts, such as equivalent inductors formed by winding or rotating conductors.

[0082] Radiating body: is a device used to receive / send electromagnetic wave radiation in an antenna. In some cases, "antenna" is understood in a narrow sense as a radiating body, which changes the waveguide energy from a transmitter into radio waves, or converts radio waves into waveguide energy for radiating and receiving radio waves. The modulated high-frequency current energy (or waveguide energy) generated by the transmitter is transmitted to the transmitting radiating body through the feeder, and is converted into electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization by the radiating body and radiated in the desired direction. The receiving radiating body converts electromagnetic wave energy of a certain polarization from a certain direction in space into modulated high-frequency current energy, which is delivered to the input end of the receiver through the feeder.

[0083] The radiator can include a conductor with a specific shape and size, such as a line shape, or a patch shape, etc. The application does not limit the specific shape. In an embodiment, the line shape radiator can be referred to as a line antenna. In an embodiment, the line shape radiator can be implemented by a conductive frame, which can also be referred to as a frame antenna. In an embodiment, the line shape radiator can be implemented by a bracket conductor, which can also be referred to as a bracket antenna. In an embodiment, the line diameter (e.g., including thickness and width) of the line shape radiator, or the radiator of the line antenna, is much smaller (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength) than the wavelength (e.g., the medium wavelength), and the length can be comparable to the wavelength (e.g., the medium wavelength) (e.g., the length is around 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). The main forms of the line antenna include a dipole antenna, a half-wave vibrator antenna, a monopole antenna, a loop antenna, and an inverted F antenna (also referred to as IFA). For example, for a dipole antenna, each dipole antenna generally includes two radiating branches, and each branch is fed by a feed from the feed end of the radiating branch. For example, the inverted F antenna (IFA) can be regarded as being obtained by adding a ground path to a monopole antenna. The IFA antenna has a feed point and a ground point, and is called an inverted F antenna because its side view is in the shape of an inverted F. In an embodiment, the patch shape radiator can include a microstrip antenna, or a patch antenna, such as a planar inverted F antenna (also referred to as PIFA). In an embodiment, the patch shape radiator can be implemented by a planar conductor (e.g., a conductive sheet or a conductive coating, etc.). In an embodiment, the patch shape radiator can include a conductive sheet, such as a copper sheet, etc. In an embodiment, the patch shape radiator can include a conductive coating, such as silver paste, etc. The shape of the patch shape radiator includes a circular shape, a rectangular shape, a loop shape, etc. The application does not limit the specific shape. The structure of the microstrip antenna is generally composed of a dielectric substrate, a radiator, and a ground plate, wherein the dielectric substrate is arranged between the radiator and the ground plate.

[0084] The radiators can also include slots or gaps formed on the conductors, such as closed or semi-closed slots or gaps on the grounded conductor plane. In one embodiment, the radiators with slots or gaps can be referred to as slot antennas or gap antennas. In one embodiment, the slots or gaps of the slot / gap antennas have a radial dimension (e.g., including width) much smaller than the wavelength (e.g., dielectric wavelength) (e.g., less than 1 / 16 of the wavelength), and a length dimension comparable to the wavelength (e.g., dielectric wavelength) (e.g., around 1 / 8 of the wavelength, or 1 / 8 to 1 / 4, or 1 / 4 to 1 / 2, or longer). In one embodiment, the radiators with closed slots or gaps can be referred to as closed slot antennas. In one embodiment, the radiators with semi-closed slots or gaps (e.g., with openings added to the closed slots or gaps) can be referred to as open slot antennas. In some embodiments, the gap shape is long and thin. In some embodiments, the length of the gap is about half of the wavelength (e.g., dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the length of the gap is about an integer multiple of the wavelength (e.g., one dielectric wavelength). In some embodiments, the gap can be fed by a transmission line that is connected across one or both sides of the gap, whereby the gap is excited with a radio frequency electromagnetic field and radiates electromagnetic waves into space. In one embodiment, the radiators of the slot / gap antennas can be implemented by conductive frames that are grounded at both ends, which can also be referred to as frame antennas. In this embodiment, the slot / gap antennas can be considered to include linear radiators that are spaced apart from the ground plane and grounded at both ends, thereby forming closed or semi-closed slots or gaps. In one embodiment, the radiators of the slot / gap antennas can be implemented by bracket conductors that are grounded at both ends, which can also be referred to as bracket antennas.

[0085] The feed circuit is a circuit for receiving and / or transmitting radio frequency signals. The feed circuit can include a transceiver and a radio frequency front end circuit. In some cases, the term "feed circuit" is used in a narrow sense to refer to a radio frequency integrated circuit (RFIC), which can be considered to include a radio frequency front end circuit (or radio frequency front end chip) and a transceiver. The feed circuit has the function of converting radio waves (e.g., radio frequency signals) and signals (e.g., digital signals). In general, it is considered to be part of the radio frequency.

[0086] In some embodiments, the electronic device can also include a test seat (or referred to as a radio frequency seat or a radio frequency test seat). The test seat can be used to insert a coaxial cable to test the characteristics of the radio frequency front end circuit or the radiators of the antenna through the cable. The radio frequency front end circuit can be considered to be a circuit portion coupled between the test seat and the transceiver.

[0087] In some embodiments, the radio frequency front-end circuit can be integrated as a radio frequency front-end chip in the electronic device, or the radio frequency front-end circuit and the transceiver can be integrated as a radio frequency chip in the electronic device.

[0088] It should be understood that any two feeding circuits in the first / second / … / Nth feeding circuit in the present application can include the same transceiver, for example, one transmitting channel in one transceiver as the first feeding circuit and one receiving channel in the same transceiver as the second feeding circuit, or for example, the first receiving channel in one transceiver as the first feeding circuit and the second receiving channel in the same transceiver as the second feeding circuit; any two feeding circuits in the first / second / … / Nth feeding circuit in the present application can also include the same radio frequency front-end circuit, for example, signals are processed through the tuning circuit or the amplifier in one radio frequency front-end circuit.

[0089] It should also be understood that the two feeding circuits in the first / second / … / Nth feeding circuit in the present application generally correspond to two radio frequency test seats in the electronic device.

[0090] The matching circuit is a circuit for adjusting the radiation characteristics of the antenna. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the feeding circuit and the corresponding radiator. In one embodiment, the matching circuit is coupled between the test seat and the radiator. Generally, the matching circuit is a combination of circuits coupled between the radiator and the ground plane. In one embodiment, the matching circuit can include tuning circuits and / or electronic elements, and the tuning circuit can be an electronic element for switching the coupling connection of the radiator. The matching circuit has the functions of impedance matching and / or frequency tuning. Generally, it is considered as part of the antenna.

[0091] The ground structure / feeding structure can include connectors, such as metal springs, and the radiator is coupled to the ground plane through the ground structure / and the feeding structure is coupled to the feeding circuit. In some embodiments, the feeding structure can include a transmission line / feeding line, and the ground structure can include a ground line.

[0092] End / point: the "end / point" in the first end / second end / feeding end / grounding end / feeding point / grounding point / connection point of the antenna radiator should not be understood as a point or end physically disconnected from other radiators, but can also be considered as a point or section on a continuous radiator. In one embodiment, the "end / point" can include the connection / coupling area on the antenna radiator that couples other conductive structures, for example, the feeding end / feeding point can be the connection / coupling area (for example, the area facing a part of the feeding circuit) on the antenna radiator that couples the feeding structure or the feeding circuit, and for example, the grounding end / grounding point can be the connection / coupling area (for example, the area facing a part of the grounding circuit) on the antenna radiator that couples the grounding structure or the grounding circuit.

[0093] Open end, closed end: In some embodiments, open end and closed end are for example relative to ground, closed end is grounded, open end is not grounded. In some embodiments, open end and closed end are for example relative to other conductors, closed end is electrically connected to other conductors, open end is not electrically connected to other conductors. In one embodiment, open end can also be referred to as floating end, free end, open end, or open circuit end. In one embodiment, closed end can also be referred to as grounded end, or short circuit end. It should be appreciated that in some embodiments, other conductors can be coupled through open end to transfer coupling energy (which can be understood as transferring current).

[0094] In some embodiments, the understanding of "closed end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution, closed end or grounded end, etc. can be understood as a current large point on the radiator, or as a small point of electric field on the radiator; in one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g. capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the closed end can not change the current distribution characteristics of the current large point / small point of electric field; in one embodiment, opening a slot (e.g. a gap filled with insulating material) at or near the closed end can not change the current distribution characteristics of the current large point / small point of electric field.

[0095] In some embodiments, the understanding of "open end" can also be from the perspective of current distribution, open end or floating end, etc. can be understood as a current small point on the radiator, or as a large point of electric field on the radiator; in one embodiment, coupling electronic devices (e.g. capacitors, inductors, etc.) through the open end can not change the current distribution characteristics of the current small point / large point of electric field.

[0096] It should be appreciated that the radiator end at a gap (from the structure of the radiator, similar to the radiator at the opening of the open end or floating end) coupled with electronic devices (e.g. capacitors, inductors, etc.) can make the radiator end a current large point / small point of electric field, in which case it should be understood that the radiator end at the gap is actually a closed end or a grounded end, etc.

[0097] The "floating radiator" mentioned in the embodiments of the present application refers to a radiator that is not directly connected to a feed line / branch and / or a ground line / branch, but is fed and / or grounded through indirect coupling.

[0098] It should be appreciated that "floating" in "floating end" and "floating radiator" does not mean that there is no structure around the radiator to support it. In one embodiment, the floating radiator can be for example a radiator arranged on the inner surface of an insulating back cover.

[0099] The current co-directional / counter-directional mentioned in the embodiments of the present application should be understood as the direction of the main current on the same side of the conductor is co-directional / counter-directional. For example, when the co-directional distributed current is excited on the conductor in a meandering shape or a loop shape (for example, the current path is also meandering or loop-shaped), it should be understood that, for example, the main current excited on the conductors on both sides of the loop-shaped conductor (for example, the conductors around a gap, on both sides of the gap) is counter-directional in terms of direction, but it still belongs to the definition of the co-directional distributed current in the embodiments of the present application. In an embodiment, the co-directional current on one conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has no reversal point. In an embodiment, the counter-directional current on one conductor can mean that the current on the conductor has at least one reversal point. In an embodiment, the co-directional current on two conductors can mean that the currents on the two conductors have no reversal point and flow in the same direction. In an embodiment, the counter-directional current on two conductors can mean that the currents on the two conductors have no reversal point and flow in opposite directions. The co-directional / counter-directional current on multiple conductors can be understood accordingly.

[0100] Resonance / resonance frequency: The resonance frequency is also called the resonant frequency. The resonance frequency can have a frequency range, that is, a resonance frequency range. The frequency corresponding to the strongest resonance point is the center frequency point frequency. The echo loss characteristic of the center frequency can be less than -20 dB. It should be understood that, unless otherwise specified, the first / second... resonance mentioned in the present application is the base mode resonance generated by the antenna / radiator, or in other words, the resonance with the lowest frequency generated by the antenna / radiator. It should be understood that the antenna / radiator can generate one or more antenna modes according to the specific design, and each antenna mode can correspond to generate a base mode resonance.

[0101] Resonance frequency band: The range of resonance frequencies is the resonance frequency band, and the echo loss characteristic of any frequency point in the resonance frequency band can be less than -6 dB or -5 dB.

[0102] Communication frequency band / working frequency band: Regardless of the type of antenna, it always works in a certain frequency range (frequency band width). For example, an antenna supporting the B40 frequency band has a working frequency band including the frequencies in the range of 2300 MHz to 2400 MHz, or in other words, the working frequency band of the antenna includes the B40 frequency band. The frequency range that meets the index requirements can be regarded as the working frequency band of the antenna.

[0103] The resonance frequency band and the working frequency band can be the same or can partially overlap. In an embodiment, one or more resonance frequency bands of an antenna can cover one or more working frequency bands of the antenna.

[0104] Electrical length: It can refer to the ratio of the physical length (i.e., mechanical length or geometric length) to the wavelength of the transmitted electromagnetic wave, and the electrical length can satisfy the following formula:

[0105] where L is the physical length and λ is the wavelength of the electromagnetic wave.

[0106] Wavelength: or operating wavelength, can be the wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency or the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the operating wavelength can be the wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, the "operating wavelength" can also refer to the wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band.

[0107] It should be understood that the wavelength of the radiation signal in the air can be calculated as follows: (air wavelength, or vacuum wavelength) = speed of light / frequency, where the frequency is the frequency (MHz) of the radiation signal, and the speed of light can be taken as 3x10 8 m / s. The wavelength of the radiation signal in the medium can be calculated as follows: where ε is the relative permittivity of the medium. The wavelength in the embodiments of the present application generally refers to the medium wavelength, which can be the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the resonant frequency, or the medium wavelength corresponding to the center frequency of the operating frequency band supported by the antenna. For example, assuming that the center frequency of the B1 uplink frequency band (resonant frequency of 1920MHz to 1980MHz) is 1955MHz, the wavelength can be the medium wavelength calculated using the frequency of 1955MHz. Not limited to the center frequency, the "medium wavelength" can also refer to the medium wavelength corresponding to the non-center frequency of the resonant frequency or the operating frequency band. For ease of understanding, the medium wavelength mentioned in the embodiments of the present application can be simply calculated by the relative permittivity of the medium filled on one side or multiple sides of the radiator.

[0108] Antenna return loss: can be understood as the ratio of the signal power reflected back to the antenna port to the antenna port transmission power. The smaller the signal reflected back, the greater the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the greater the radiation efficiency of the antenna. The greater the signal reflected back, the smaller the signal radiated into space through the antenna, and the smaller the radiation efficiency of the antenna.

[0109] The antenna return loss can be represented by the S11 parameter, which belongs to the S parameters. S11 represents the reflection coefficient, and this parameter can represent the advantages and disadvantages of the antenna transmission efficiency. S11 parameter is usually negative, the smaller the S11 parameter, the smaller the antenna return loss, the smaller the energy reflected back by the antenna itself, that is, the more energy actually entering the antenna, and the higher the system efficiency of the antenna; the larger the S11 parameter, the larger the antenna return loss, and the lower the system efficiency of the antenna.

[0110] It should be noted that the S11 value of-6dB is generally used as a standard in engineering. When the S11 value of the antenna is less than-6dB, it can be considered that the antenna can work normally, or it can be considered that the antenna has good transmission efficiency.

[0111] Antenna pattern: also known as radiation pattern. It refers to the relative field strength (normalized modulus) of the antenna radiation field at a certain distance from the antenna (far field) as the direction changes. It is usually represented by two mutually perpendicular plane patterns through the maximum radiation direction of the antenna.

[0112] The antenna pattern usually has multiple radiation beams. The radiation beam with the maximum radiation intensity is called the main lobe, and the remaining radiation beams are called side lobes or side lobes. In the side lobe, the side lobe in the opposite direction of the main lobe is also called the back lobe.

[0113] Beam width: refers to the angle in the first angle range with the top direction (for example, the z direction) of the pointing electronic device, the gain of the directional pattern generated by the antenna is greater than or equal to the threshold value. The first angle is the beam width. When the first angle is large, for example, greater than or equal to 30°, it can be considered that the antenna has a wide beam characteristic, and the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the angle range.

[0114] Polarization direction of the antenna: at a given point in space, the electric field intensity E (vector) is a function of time t. As time goes on, the vector end point periodically traces a trajectory in space. The trajectory is a straight line perpendicular to the ground, which is called vertical polarization, or horizontal to the ground, which is called horizontal polarization. The trajectory is an ellipse or a circle, and when observed along the propagation direction, it rotates in the right-hand or clockwise direction with time, which is called right-hand circular polarization (RHCP), and rotates in the left-hand or counterclockwise direction with time, which is called left-hand circular polarization (LHCP).

[0115] Ground (GND): can refer to at least one part of any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer, etc. in an electronic device (such as a mobile phone), or at least one part of any combination of the above ground layer, or ground plate, or ground component, etc. Ground can be used for the grounding of components in an electronic device. In an embodiment, ground can be a ground layer of a circuit board of an electronic device, or a ground plate formed by a middle frame of an electronic device, or a ground metal layer formed by a metal film under a screen of an electronic device. In an embodiment, the circuit board can be a printed circuit board (PCB), for example, an 8-layer, 10-layer, or 12-14 layer board with 8, 10, 12, 13, or 14 layers of conductive material, or elements separated and electrically insulated by a dielectric layer or an insulating layer such as glass fiber, polymer, etc. In an embodiment, the circuit board includes a dielectric substrate, a ground layer, and a wiring layer, and the wiring layer and the ground layer are electrically connected by a via. In an embodiment, components such as a display, a touch screen, an input button, a transmitter, a processor, a memory, a battery, a charging circuit, a system on chip (SoC) structure, etc. can be mounted on or connected to the circuit board; or electrically connected to the wiring layer and / or the ground layer in the circuit board. For example, a radio frequency source is arranged on the wiring layer.

[0116] Any ground layer, or ground plate, or ground metal layer described above is made of conductive material. In an embodiment, the conductive material can be any one of the following materials: copper, aluminum, stainless steel, brass and their alloys, copper foil on an insulating substrate, aluminum foil on an insulating substrate, gold foil on an insulating substrate, silver-plated copper, silver-plated copper foil on an insulating substrate, silver foil on an insulating substrate, and tin-plated copper, graphite powder impregnated cloth, graphite coated substrate, copper plated substrate, brass plated substrate, and aluminum plated substrate. Those skilled in the art can understand that the ground layer / ground plate / ground metal layer can also be made of other conductive materials.

[0117] Grounding: refers to coupling with the above ground / ground plate in any way. In an embodiment, grounding can be physical grounding, for example, physical grounding (or called physical ground) at a specific position on the frame through a part of the frame structure. In an embodiment, grounding can be device grounding, for example, device grounding (or called device ground) through capacitors, inductors, resistors, etc. in series or parallel.

[0118] The technical solutions of the embodiments of the present application will be described below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0119] As shown in FIG. 1, the electronic device 100 can include a cover 13, a display module 15, a printed circuit board (PCB) 17, a middle frame 19, and a rear cover 21. It should be understood that in some embodiments, the cover 13 can be a cover glass, and can also be replaced by a cover of other materials, such as a PET (Polyethylene terephthalate) material cover, etc.

[0120] The cover 13 can be arranged close to the display module 15, and can be mainly used for protecting and dustproofing the display module 15.

[0121] In an embodiment, the display module 15 can include a liquid crystal display (LCD), a light emitting diode (LED) display panel, or an organic light-emitting diode (OLED) display panel, etc., and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0122] The middle frame 19 mainly plays a supporting role for the whole machine. In FIG. 1, the PCB 17 is arranged between the middle frame 19 and the rear cover 21, and it should be understood that in an embodiment, the PCB 17 can also be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. The printed circuit board PCB 17 can use a flame-retardant material (FR-4) dielectric board, a Rogers dielectric board, a hybrid dielectric board of Rogers and FR-4, etc. Here, FR-4 is a code of a flame-retardant material grade, and the Rogers dielectric board is a high-frequency board. The PCB 17 carries electronic components, such as a radio frequency chip, etc. In an embodiment, a metal layer can be arranged on the printed circuit board PCB 17. The metal layer can be used for grounding the electronic components carried on the printed circuit board PCB 17, and can also be used for grounding other components, such as a bracket antenna, a frame antenna, etc. The metal layer can be referred to as a ground plate, or a grounding plate, or a grounding layer. In an embodiment, the metal layer can be formed by etching metal on the surface of any one layer of dielectric board in the PCB 17. In an embodiment, the metal layer for grounding can be arranged on one side of the printed circuit board PCB 17 close to the middle frame 19. In an embodiment, the edge of the printed circuit board PCB 17 can be regarded as the edge of its grounding layer. In an embodiment, the metal middle frame 19 can also be used for grounding the above-mentioned components. The electronic device 100 can also have other ground plates / grounding plates / grounding layers, as described above, which will not be repeated here.

[0123] Due to the compactness inside the electronic device, a floor / ground plane (e.g., printed circuit board, middle frame, screen metal layer, battery, etc. can be considered as part of the floor) is usually arranged in the internal space of 0-2mm from the inner surface of the frame. In an embodiment, the filling medium between the frame and the floor can be simply profiled with the inner surface of the filling medium, and the length and width of the rectangle formed by the surrounding can be considered as the length and width of the floor; or all the conductive parts inside the frame can be superimposed to form a profile, and the length and width of the rectangle formed by the surrounding can be considered as the length and width of the floor.

[0124] The electronic device 100 can further include a battery (not shown in the figure). The battery can be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the back cover 21, or can be arranged between the middle frame 19 and the display module 15, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this. In some embodiments, the PCB 17 is divided into a main board and a sub-board, and the battery can be arranged between the main board and the sub-board, wherein the main board can be arranged between the upper edge of the middle frame 19 and the battery, and the sub-board can be arranged between the lower edge of the middle frame 19 and the battery.

[0125] The electronic device 100 can further include a frame 11, which can include a conductive material such as metal. The frame 11 can be arranged between the display module 15 and the back cover 21 and extend circumferentially around the periphery of the electronic device 100. The frame 11 can have four side edges surrounding the display module 15, helping to fix the display module 15.

[0126] In an implementation manner, the frame 11 mainly including a conductive material can be referred to as a conductive frame or a metal frame of the electronic device 100, which is suitable for an industrial design (ID) of a metal appearance. In an implementation manner, the outer surface of the frame 11 is mainly a conductive material, such as a metal material, so as to form an appearance of a metal frame. In these implementation manners, the conductive part including the outer surface in the frame 11 can be used as an antenna radiator of the electronic device 100, and is usually referred to as a frame antenna.

[0127] In another implementation, the outer surface of the bezel 11 is mainly a non-conductive material, such as plastic, forming a non-metallic appearance of the bezel, suitable for a non-metallic ID. In an implementation, the inner surface of the bezel 11 can include a conductive material, such as a metallic material. In this implementation, the conductive part of the inner surface of the bezel 11 can be used as an antenna radiator of the electronic device 100. It should be understood that the radiator arranged on the inner surface of the bezel 11 (or the conductive material of the inner surface) can be arranged against the non-conductive material of the bezel 11 to minimize the volume occupied by the radiator and be closer to the outside of the electronic device 100 to achieve better signal transmission effect, and can also be referred to as a bezel antenna. It should be noted that the antenna radiator arranged against the non-conductive material of the bezel 11 means that the antenna radiator can be arranged against the inner surface of the non-conductive material, or can be embedded in the non-conductive material, or can be arranged close to the inner surface of the non-conductive material, for example, the antenna radiator and the inner surface of the non-conductive material can have a small gap. It should be understood that the conductive material and the non-conductive material can be regarded as part of the bezel 11.

[0128] It should be understood that the bezel 11 can have insulating gaps, and the conductor part of the bezel between the insulating gaps and / or between the insulating gaps and the grounding point can be used as a radiator to form a bezel antenna (it should be understood that the radiator of the bezel antenna can also include the grounding point and the conductor part of the bezel between the grounding points). Wherein, when the bezel 11 is formed of a conductive material such as metal, the insulating gap can be understood as a gap in the bezel 11 filled with a non-metallic material (insulating material), in this case, the gap is visible on the appearance surface. When the outer surface of the bezel 11 is a non-conductive material, the insulating gap can be understood as the end of the inner surface of the bezel 11 (for example, the end not electrically connected to other radiators or conductors), or as the gap between the radiators of the inner surface of the bezel 11, which can be filled with a non-metallic material (insulating material), or can not be filled with a non-metallic material, for example, filled with air, in this case, the gap is not visible on the appearance surface.

[0129] In FIG. 1 and subsequent embodiments, the bezel 11 of the electronic device 100 is a metal bezel (conductive bezel), and the appearance surface visible gap (appearance surface visible insulating gap) is taken as an example for description. In this case, the metal bezel serves as at least part of the antenna radiator. It should be understood that the same technical effects can also be achieved when the bezel 11 of the electronic device 100 is a non-metallic bezel (appearance surface invisible gap), and for the sake of brevity, will not be repeated here.

[0130] The middle frame 19 can include the bezel 11, and the middle frame 19 including the bezel 11 can serve as a support for the electronic devices in the whole machine as a whole. The cover plate 13 and the back cover 21 are respectively attached along the upper and lower edges of the bezel to form a housing of the electronic device. In an embodiment, the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the bezel 11 and / or the middle frame 19 can be collectively referred to as the housing of the electronic device 100. It should be understood that the "housing" can be used to refer to part or all of any one of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the bezel 11 or the middle frame 19, or part or all of any combination of the cover plate 13, the back cover 21, the bezel 11 or the middle frame 19.

[0131] The bezel 11 can at least partially serve as an antenna radiator to receive / transmit radio frequency signals. The part of the bezel serving as the radiator can have a gap with other parts of the middle frame 19 to ensure that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment. In an embodiment, the middle frame 19 can be provided with an aperture at the part of the bezel serving as the radiator to facilitate the radiation of the antenna.

[0132] Alternatively, the bezel 11 can not be considered as a part of the middle frame 19. In an embodiment, the bezel 11 can be connected to and integrally formed with the middle frame 19. In another embodiment, the bezel 11 can include a protruding member extending inwardly to be connected to the middle frame 19, for example, by a spring, a screw, welding or the like. The protruding member of the bezel 11 can also be used to receive a feed signal, so that at least part of the bezel 11 serves as an antenna radiator to receive / transmit radio frequency signals. The part of the bezel serving as the radiator can have a gap with the middle frame 19 to ensure that the antenna radiator has a good radiation environment, so that the antenna has a good signal transmission function.

[0133] The back cover 21 can be made of a metal material, or can be made of a non-conductive material such as a glass back cover, a plastic back cover or the like non-metal back cover. The back cover 21 can also be made of a material including both conductive and non-conductive materials. In an embodiment, the back cover 21 including the conductive material can replace the middle frame 19 and serve as a whole with the bezel 11 to support the electronic devices in the whole machine.

[0134] In an embodiment, the conductive part of the middle frame 19 and / or the back cover 21 can serve as a reference ground of the electronic device 100, and the bezel 11, the PCB 17 and the like of the electronic device can be grounded through electrical connection with the middle frame.

[0135] The antenna of the electronic device 100 can also be disposed in the housing, such as a bracket antenna, a millimeter wave antenna, and the like (not shown in FIG. 1). The clearance of the antenna disposed in the housing can be obtained by a slit / hole on any one of the middle frame, the bezel, the back cover, and the display screen, or a non-conductive gap / aperture formed between any two of them, and the clearance of the antenna can ensure the radiation characteristics of the antenna. It should be understood that the clearance of the antenna can be a non-conductive area formed by any conductive component in the electronic device 100, through which the antenna radiates signals to the external space. In an embodiment, the antenna 40 can be in the form of a flexible printed circuit (FPC) based antenna, a laser-direct-structuring (LDS) based antenna, a microstrip disk antenna (MDA), or the like. In an embodiment, the antenna can also be in the form of a transparent structure embedded in the screen of the electronic device 100, so that the antenna is a transparent antenna unit embedded in the screen of the electronic device 100.

[0136] FIG. 1 only schematically shows some components included in the electronic device 100, and the actual shape, actual size, and actual structure of the components are not limited by FIG. 1.

[0137] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the face where the display screen of the electronic device is located can be considered as the front face, the face where the back cover is located can be considered as the back face, and the face where the bezel is located can be considered as the side face.

[0138] First, FIGS. 2 and 3 are introduced to describe two antenna modes involved in the present application. FIG. 2 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a common mode of an antenna and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. FIG. 3 is a schematic diagram of the structure of a differential mode of another antenna and the corresponding current and electric field distribution. The antenna radiator in FIGS. 2 and 3 is open at both ends, and the common mode and the differential mode thereof can be referred to as a line common mode and a line differential mode, respectively.

[0139] It should be understood that the "common mode" or "CM mode" in the present application includes a line common mode and a slot common mode, and the "differential mode" or "DM mode" in the present application includes a line differential mode and a slot differential mode, which can be determined according to the structure of the antenna.

[0140] It should be understood that the "common-differential mode" or "CM-DM mode" in the present application refers to a line common mode and a line differential mode generated on the same radiator, or refers to a slot common mode and a slot differential mode generated on the same radiator, which can be determined according to the structure of the antenna.

[0141] 1. Linear common mode (CM) mode

[0142] Fig. 2(a) shows that the radiating element of the antenna 40 is open at both ends and is connected with a feed circuit (not shown) at the middle position 41. In one embodiment, the feed of the antenna 40 is in the form of symmetrical feed. The feed circuit can be connected to the antenna 40 at the middle position 41 through a feed line 42. It should be understood that symmetrical feed can be understood as that the feed circuit is connected to the radiating element at one end and is grounded at the other end, wherein the connection point (feed point) of the feed circuit to the radiating element is located at the center of the radiating element, which can be, for example, the geometric center or the electrical length center (or a region within a certain range of the above-mentioned center) of the radiating element.

[0143] The middle position 41 of the antenna 40 can be, for example, the geometric center of the antenna or the electrical length center of the radiating element, for example, the middle position 41 is covered by the connection of the feed line 42 to the antenna 40.

[0144] Fig. 2(b) shows the current and electric field distribution of the antenna 40. As shown in Fig. 2(b), the current presents a reverse distribution, for example, a symmetrical distribution, on both sides of the middle position 41; the electric field presents a same direction distribution on both sides of the middle position 41. As shown in Fig. 2(b), the current at the feed line 42 presents a same direction distribution. Based on the same direction distribution of the current at the feed line 42, the feed shown in Fig. 2(a) can be called linear CM feed. Based on the reverse distribution of the current on both sides of the connection of the radiating element to the feed line 42, the antenna mode shown in Fig. 2(b) can be called linear CM mode (which can also be referred to as CM mode, for example, for a linear antenna, the CM mode refers to the linear CM mode). The current and electric field shown in Fig. 2(b) can be respectively called the current and electric field of the linear CM mode.

[0145] The current is strong at the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 (the point with large current is located near the middle position 41 of the antenna 40) and is weak at both ends of the antenna 40, as shown in Fig. 2(b). The electric field is weak at the middle position 41 of the antenna 40 and is strong at both ends of the antenna 40.

[0146] 2. Linear differential mode (DM) mode

[0147] As shown in (a) of FIG. 3, the left and right ends of the two radiators of the antenna 50 are open ends, and the feeding circuit is connected at the middle position 51. In one embodiment, the feeding form of the antenna 50 adopts anti-symmetrical feed. One end of the feeding circuit is connected to one of the radiators through the feeding line 52, and the other end of the feeding circuit is connected to the other radiator through the feeding line 52. The middle position 51 can be the geometric center of the antenna 50, or the gap formed between the radiators.

[0148] It should be understood that the "center anti-symmetrical feed" mentioned in the present application can be understood as that the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are connected to the two connection points near the above-mentioned midpoint of the radiator. In one embodiment, the signal amplitudes output by the positive and negative poles of the feeding unit are the same, and the phases are opposite, for example, the phases are opposite by 180°±10°.

[0149] As shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the current presents a same direction distribution, for example, an anti-symmetrical distribution, on both sides of the middle position 51 of the antenna 50, and the electric field presents a reverse distribution on both sides of the middle position 51. As shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the current at the feeding line 52 presents a reverse distribution. Based on the reverse distribution of the current at the feeding line 52, the feeding shown in (a) of FIG. 3 can be called a line DM feed. Based on the same direction distribution of the current on both sides of the connection between the radiators and the feeding line 52, the antenna mode shown in (b) of FIG. 3 can be called a line DM mode (which can also be simply referred to as a DM mode, for example, for a line antenna, the DM mode refers to a line DM mode). The current and electric field shown in (b) of FIG. 3 can be respectively called the current and electric field of the line DM mode.

[0150] As shown in (b) of FIG. 3, the current is strong at the middle position 51 of the antenna 50 (the current is large near the middle position 51 of the antenna 50), and is weak at the two ends of the antenna 50. The electric field is weak at the middle position 51 of the antenna 50, and is strong at the two ends of the line antenna 50.

[0151] It should be understood that for the antenna radiator, which can be understood as a metal structure that generates radiation, the number thereof can be one, as shown in FIG. 2, or two, as shown in FIG. 3, which can be adjusted according to actual design or production needs. For example, for the line CM mode, two radiators can also be used as shown in FIG. 3, the two ends of the two radiators are oppositely arranged and spaced apart by a gap, and symmetric feeding is used at the two ends close to each other, for example, the same feed signal is fed into the two ends close to each other of the two radiators, respectively, and similar effects to the antenna structure shown in FIG. 2 can also be obtained. Correspondingly, for the line DM mode, one radiator can also be used as shown in FIG. 2, two feed points are arranged at the middle position of the radiator and anti-symmetric feeding is used, for example, signals with the same amplitude and opposite phase are fed into the two symmetric feed points on the radiator, respectively, and similar effects to the antenna structure shown in FIG. 3 can also be obtained.

[0152] 3. Line CM-DM mode

[0153] FIGS. 2 and 3 show the line CM mode and the line DM mode generated by using different feeding modes when the two ends of the radiator are open, respectively.

[0154] When the feeding form of the antenna is asymmetric feeding (the feed point deviates from the middle position of the radiator, including edge feeding or offset feeding), or the ground point (the coupling point with the ground) of the radiator is asymmetric (the ground point deviates from the middle position of the radiator), the antenna can simultaneously generate a first resonance and a second resonance, which correspond to the line CM mode and the line DM mode, respectively. For example, the first resonance corresponds to the line CM mode, and the current and electric field distribution is shown in (b) of FIG. 2. The second resonance corresponds to the line DM mode, and the current and electric field distribution is shown in (b) of FIG. 3.

[0155] FIG. 4 is a schematic diagram of a use scenario of satellite communication provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0156] As shown in FIG. 4, when a user performs satellite communication through an electronic device, the region of the antenna in the electronic device with good radiation characteristics needs to be pointed to a satellite to achieve a state of being connected to the satellite (establishing a communication connection with the satellite).

[0157] However, when performing satellite communication, the radiation characteristics of the antenna are affected by the human body in different holding conditions of the electronic device, for example, the maximum radiation direction of the antenna will deviate from the target radiation direction (for example, the direction of the top of the electronic device), the gain and radiation efficiency will decrease. In this case, the electronic device and the communication satellite cannot maintain a good state of being connected to the satellite, which can cause poor communication quality or even disconnection, greatly affecting the communication experience of the user.

[0158] It should be understood that the target radiation direction of the antenna described in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as the direction of the communication satellite relative to the electronic device 100, which can be understood as the top direction of the electronic device in the embodiments of the present application. When the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern generated by the antenna is close to the target radiation direction, it is convenient to establish a good communication connection between the electronic device 100 and the communication satellite.

[0159] The present application provides an electronic device including an antenna. The operating frequency band of the antenna includes a satellite communication frequency band. The frame of the electronic device includes a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, and has an insulating gap at the above positions. The antenna uses the conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position as a radiator. The antenna is coupled with an adjustable element at the second position. By adjusting the adjustable element, the antenna can generate a radiation pattern with different maximum radiation directions, thereby improving the user experience in the case of satellite communication.

[0160] It should be understood that the radiators and parasitic branches described in the embodiments of the present application can have different functions in different use scenarios of the electronic device. For example, in the embodiments of the present application, the communication of the electronic device in the first satellite system is taken as an example for illustration, in this use scenario, the radiators and parasitic branches are used to generate resonances and radiation patterns suitable for communication in the first satellite system. In other scenarios, for example, the electronic device does not perform satellite communication in the first satellite system, the radiators and parasitic branches can be used as radiators or parasitic branches of different communication systems, for example, radiators or parasitic branches of antennas in a cellular system, or radiators or parasitic branches of antennas in WiFi.

[0161] Therefore, the embodiments of the present application are related to satellite communication of the electronic device, and are applicable to the case where the electronic device performs satellite communication (or has satellite communication function).

[0162] FIG. 5 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 provided by an embodiment of the present application.

[0163] As shown in FIG. 5, the electronic device 100 includes a frame 11, an antenna 200 and a ground plate 300.

[0164] The frame 11 is arranged in a spaced manner with the ground plate 300. The frame 11 includes a first position 201, a second position 202 and a third position 203 arranged in sequence. The frame 11 has a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position 201, the second position 202 and the third position 203, respectively.

[0165] In one embodiment, the width of the first insulating gap is greater than or equal to 0.2 mm and less than or equal to 2 mm. It should be understood that the width of the gap formed on the bezel in the embodiments of the present application can be within the above range, and for the sake of brevity of the discussion, will not be repeated one by one. Wherein the "width of the insulating gap" should be understood as the dimension in the direction extending between two conductive materials (for example, two sections of the radiator).

[0166] The antenna 200 includes a radiator 210, a feed circuit 220, a first adjustable element 231, and a second adjustable element 232.

[0167] The radiator 210 includes a conductive portion of the bezel 11 between the first position 201 and the third position 203. At least part of the radiator 210 is spaced apart from the floor 300. The radiator 210 includes a first portion and a second portion. The first portion is the radiator between the first position 201 and the second position 202. The second portion is the radiator between the second position 202 and the third position 203.

[0168] The radiator 210 includes a first adjustment region 301, a second adjustment region 302, and a third adjustment region 303. The first adjustment region 301 includes the second insulating gap (the second position 202). The second adjustment region 302 includes the first insulating gap (the first position 201). The third adjustment region 303 includes the third insulating gap (the third position 203).

[0169] The first adjustable element 231 is coupled to the first adjustment region 301. The second adjustable element 232 is coupled to the second adjustment region 302.

[0170] It should be understood that the region described in the present application can be understood as the set of points within the region and the distance between the points and the target (point) is within a certain range. In one embodiment, the first adjustment region 301 can be understood as the set of points in the radiator 210 and the distance between the points and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) is less than or equal to one-eighth of the length L0 of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the first adjustment region 301 can be understood as the set of points in the radiator 210 and the distance between the points and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0171] Alternatively, the regions described in the embodiments of the present application can also be understood as regions that can be used to implement the adjustment characteristics. For example, the first adjustment region 301 can be understood as a region for adjusting the coupling amount between the first part and the second part. When the equivalent capacitance value or the equivalent inductance value of the first adjustable element 231 is switched, the coupling amount between the first part and the second part is different. Wherein, the different coupling amount can also be understood as different current intensity. The second adjustment region 302 and / or the third adjustment region 303 can be understood as a region for adjusting the electric field generated by the radiator 210. When the equivalent capacitance value or the equivalent inductance value of the first adjustable element 231 is switched, the electric field generated by the radiator 210 in the second adjustment region 302 and / or the third adjustment region 303 is different.

[0172] For the sake of brevity of the discussion, the adjustment regions described in the embodiments of the present application can all be understood accordingly, and will not be described one by one.

[0173] The radiator 210 includes a first feeding point 221. The feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 to feed the antenna 200 with an electrical signal. In an embodiment, the first feeding point 221 is located in any one of the second adjustment region 302 and the third adjustment region 303.

[0174] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity of the discussion, in the embodiments of the present application, only the electrical connection in the coupling connection is taken as an example for description, and in actual production or design, the indirect coupling mode can also be used to achieve the same, and will not be described one by one.

[0175] According to the embodiments of the present application, the radiator 210 is divided into a first part (the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) and a second part (the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202) by the second insulating gap (the second position 202). The antenna 200 can adjust the equivalent capacitance of the second insulating gap through the first adjustable element 231 coupled with the first adjustment region 301, so that the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts at different times (time / slot). Since the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts, the intensity of the current on the first part and the second part is different at different times (time / slot). In an embodiment, when the current intensity on the first part is greater than the current intensity on the second part, the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 is deflected to the second part, as shown in FIG. 6. In an embodiment, when the current intensity on the first part is less than the current intensity on the second part, the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 is deflected to the first part, as shown in FIG. 7.

[0176] The antenna 200 can have different patterns with maximum radiation directions in the same frequency band. The antenna 200 can switch the pattern generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication condition (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100.

[0177] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range with a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) to the top direction (a direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when the user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the pattern generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle range, which effectively improves the user experience.

[0178] Meanwhile, the antenna 200 can also adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, the resonant point frequency) through the second adjustable element 232, so that the antenna 200 works in more communication frequency bands.

[0179] In an embodiment, the radiator 210 is used to generate a resonance, and the resonance frequency band of the resonance includes at least part of the satellite communication frequency band.

[0180] The satellite communication includes at least one of the following communication services: satellite short message (also known as short message) receiving and / or sending, satellite call and / or listening, and satellite data (for example, Internet access).

[0181] In an embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band can include part of the frequency band in the Tianhong satellite system, and can include the transmission frequency band (1980MHz-2010MHz) and the reception frequency band (2170MHz-2200MHz) in the Tianhong satellite system. In an embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band can include part of the frequency band in the Beidou satellite system, and can include the transmission frequency band (1610MHz-1626.5MHz) and the reception frequency band (2483.5MHz-2500MHz) in the Beidou satellite system. In an embodiment, the satellite communication frequency band can include part of the frequency band in the low-orbit satellite system, and can include the transmission frequency band (1668MHz-1675MHz) and the reception frequency band (1518MHz-1525MHz) in the low-orbit satellite system. Alternatively, it can also be applied to other satellite communication systems, and the embodiments of the present application do not limit this.

[0182] It should be understood that when the electronic device 100 performs satellite communication, communication can be performed between the electronic device 100 and the communication satellite through one antenna or multiple antennas in the electronic device 100.

[0183] In one embodiment, when the electronic device 100 performs satellite communication, the electronic device 100 can communicate with a communication satellite through an antenna in the electronic device 100. In this case, the antenna can load different electronic elements at different time slots to adjust the resonant point frequency of the resonance, so that the antenna can work at the transmitting frequency band and the receiving frequency band of the satellite system.

[0184] In one embodiment, when the electronic device 100 performs satellite communication, the electronic device 100 can communicate with a communication satellite through multiple antennas in the electronic device 100. In this case, the working frequency band of part of the multiple antennas can include the transmitting frequency band in the satellite system, and the working frequency band of the other antennas can include the receiving frequency band of the satellite system.

[0185] In one embodiment, when the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system (the working frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least part of the frequency band in the Beidou satellite system), the electronic device 100 can perform voice communication through the antenna 200. In one embodiment, when the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system (the working frequency band of the antenna 200 includes at least part of the frequency band in the Beidou satellite system), the electronic device 100 can send or receive short messages, pictures through the antenna 200.

[0186] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity of discussion, in the embodiments of the present application, the state of the antenna 200 when the electronic device 100 performs satellite communication can be understood accordingly, and will not be repeated here.

[0187] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a first resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a second resonance. Wherein, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band. Alternatively, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0188] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the fifth circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the sixth circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a third resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the seventh circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the eighth circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a fourth resonance. Wherein, the resonance frequency band of the third resonance includes the first frequency band. The resonance frequency band of the second resonance includes the second frequency band.

[0189] It should be understood that the first adjustable element 231 can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, and adjust the amount of coupling between the first part and the second part. The second connecting point 212 is close to the open end of the radiator 210, and the open end usually has a strong electric field. The second adjustable element 232 can be used to adjust the electrical length of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics.

[0190] Since the first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 are both loads of the radiator 210, they will affect the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 and the electrical length of the radiator. Therefore, it can be understood that the first adjustable element 231 mainly affects the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210, and the second adjustable element 232 mainly affects the electrical length of the radiator 210.

[0191] The first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 in different circuit states can make the radiator 210 resonate differently, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics. For example, when the resonances generated by the radiator 210 all include the same frequency band, the amount of coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 corresponding to each resonance is different, and the beam generated by the radiator 210 is different. When the resonances generated by the radiator 210 include different frequency bands, the antenna 200 can work in different communication frequency bands.

[0192] In the embodiments of the present application, the adjustable element can provide one or more circuit states, each corresponding to a different capacitance value, inductance value or resistance value. It should be understood that the one or more circuit states can be achieved by adjusting the circuit parameters of the adjustable element. For the sake of brevity of the discussion, the circuit states of the adjustable element can be understood accordingly, and will not be described one by one.

[0193] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 at the resonance point of the first resonance has a first current distribution. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 at the resonance point of the second resonance has a second current distribution. The first current distribution and the second current distribution are different.

[0194] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the antenna 200 has a first directional diagram at the resonance point of the first resonance (the radiator 210 also serves to generate the first directional diagram). In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the antenna 200 has a second directional diagram at the resonance point of the second resonance (the radiator 210 also serves to generate the second directional diagram). The first directional diagram and the second directional diagram are different.

[0195] In one embodiment, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram are different can be understood as the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram are different.

[0196] It should be understood that the maximum radiation direction described in the embodiments of the present application can be understood as, in one embodiment, the direction in which the maximum value of the gain of the directional diagram generated by the antenna points, in another embodiment, the direction in which the maximum value of the gain in the continuous radiation region (in which the gain is greater than or equal to a threshold value) of the directional diagram generated by the antenna points, and in yet another embodiment, the direction in which the maximum value of the gain in the preset radiation region (for example, the top region of the electronic device) of the directional diagram generated by the antenna points (for example, the antenna has multiple maximum radiation directions, one pointing to the top and one pointing to the back cover, assuming that the top is the main radiation region, the back cover direction can have a single angle that exceeds the maximum value of the gain of the main radiation region, but the maximum radiation direction described in the embodiments of the present application only considers the direction in which the maximum value of the gain in the main radiation region of the directional diagram points). The related description in the embodiments of the present application can be understood accordingly, and will not be repeated here for the sake of brevity.

[0197] It should be understood that since the first adjustable element 231 can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap and adjust the coupling amount between the first part and the second part, the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 has different current distributions. For example, referring to FIGS. 6 and 7, the different current distributions can be understood as different current intensities on the radiator 210. When the current distribution on the radiator 210 is different, the directional diagram generated by the first part and the second part together will change, so that the antenna 200 has different directional diagrams.

[0198] When the electronic device 100 uses the antenna 200 as an antenna for transmitting and receiving to a communication satellite in different time slots, respectively, the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 can include the transmitting frequency band or the receiving frequency band of the satellite system in different time slots, respectively. In the corresponding time slot, the antenna 200 can transmit a radio frequency signal to the communication satellite or receive a radio frequency signal transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first directional diagram or second directional diagram.

[0199] The antenna 200 can have two maximum radiation direction different patterns in the first frequency band. The antenna 200 can switch the first pattern and the second pattern generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication condition (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100.

[0200] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range of a larger angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) with respect to the top direction (a direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when the user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the pattern generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a larger angle, effectively improving the user experience.

[0201] In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is greater than or equal to 15°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is greater than or equal to 30°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is greater than or equal to 45°.

[0202] In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is less than or equal to 120°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is less than or equal to 90°. In the embodiment of the present application, the first pattern and the second pattern can be understood accordingly, and will not be described one by one for the sake of brevity.

[0203] It should be understood that when the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is greater than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a larger angle range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220. When the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second pattern is less than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a continuous angle range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220, and the range does not have an angle with poor radiation characteristics.

[0204] In an embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a third adjustable element. The second adjustable element 231 is coupled to the second adjustment region 302. The third adjustable element 232 is coupled to the third adjustment region 303.

[0205] It should be understood that the antenna 200 can jointly adjust the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 through multiple adjustable elements, and embodiments of the present application do not limit this, and actual production or design adjustment can be performed according to actual production or design adjustment.

[0206] FIG. 8 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0207] As shown in FIG. 8, the electronic device 100 includes a bezel 11, an antenna 200, and a floor 300.

[0208] At least part of the bezel 11 is arranged in a spaced manner with the floor 300. The bezel 11 includes a first position 201, a second position 202, and a third position 203 arranged in sequence. The bezel 11 has a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap, and a third insulating gap at the first position 201, the second position 202, and the third position 203, respectively.

[0209] The antenna 200 includes a radiator 210, a feed circuit 220, a first capacitor 230, a first adjustable element 231, and a second adjustable element 232.

[0210] The radiator 210 includes a conductive part of the bezel 11 between the first position 201 and the third position 203. At least part of the radiator 210 is arranged in a spaced manner with the floor 300.

[0211] The radiator 210 includes a first feed point 221. The feed circuit 220 is coupled with the first feed point 221 to feed an electrical signal to the antenna 200. In an embodiment, a distance between the first feed point 221 and the second position 202 (the second insulating gap) can be less than or equal to one fourth (0.25 x L0) of a length L0 of the radiator 210. The feed circuit 220 feeds the electrical signal in a region close to the second position 202 (the second insulating gap). In an embodiment, a distance between the first feed point 221 and the second position 202 (the second insulating gap) can be less than or equal to one sixth (0.17 x L0) of the length L0 of the radiator 210.

[0212] It should be understood that, for the sake of brevity of the discussion, in the embodiments of the present application, only electrical connection in the coupling connection is taken as an example for description, and in actual production or design, indirect coupling can also be achieved, and details are not repeated.

[0213] In an embodiment, the radiator 210 is used to generate a resonance, and a resonance frequency band of the resonance includes at least part of a satellite communication frequency band.

[0214] The satellite communication includes at least one of a satellite short message receiving and / or sending (also referred to as a short message), a satellite call receiving and / or sending, and satellite data (e.g., Internet surfing).

[0215] The radiator 210 includes a first connection point 211 and a second connection point 212. The first adjustable element 231 is coupled to the first connection point 211. The second adjustable element 232 is coupled to the second connection point 212. The length of the radiator 210 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) is less than the length of the radiator 210 between the second connection point 212 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202). The first connection point 211 is closer to the second insulating gap (the second position 202) than the second connection point 212.

[0216] In one embodiment, the length of the radiator 210 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) D1 and the length of the radiator 210 L0 satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0. In one embodiment, the length of the radiator 210 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) D1 and the length of the radiator 210 L0 satisfy: D1≤0.125×L0.

[0217] In one embodiment, the distance between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0218] In one embodiment, the length of the radiator between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 D1 and the length of the radiator 210 L0 satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0. In one embodiment, the length of the radiator between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 D1 and the length of the radiator 210 L0 satisfy: D1≤0.17×L0.

[0219] In one embodiment, the length of the radiator between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 D1 and the length of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 L1 satisfy: D1≤0.33×L1.

[0220] In one embodiment, the distance between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 (the length of the frame 11 between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 (the first insulating gap)) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0221] According to the embodiment of the present application, the radiator 210 is divided into a first part (the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) and a second part (the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202) by the second insulating gap (the second position 202). The first capacitor 230 can be used to increase the coupling amount between the first part and the second part. The antenna 200 can adjust the equivalent capacitance of the second insulating gap through the first adjustable element 231, so that the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts at different times (time slots). Because the first part and the second part have different coupling amounts, the intensity of the current on the first part and the second part is different at different times (time slots).

[0222] The antenna 200 can have different patterns with different maximum radiation directions in the same frequency band. The antenna 200 can switch the pattern generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication condition (for example, including the relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100.

[0223] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range with a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) to the top direction (the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when the user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the pattern generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle, effectively improving the user experience.

[0224] At the same time, the antenna 200 can also adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, the resonant point frequency) through the adjustable element (for example, the second adjustable element 232), so that the antenna 200 works in more communication frequency bands.

[0225] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a first resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the radiator 210 is used to generate a second resonance. The resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band. Alternatively, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0226] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the fifth circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the sixth circuit state, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a third resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the seventh circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the eighth circuit state, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a fourth resonance. In one embodiment, the third resonance has a resonance frequency band including the first frequency band. The fourth resonance has a resonance frequency band including the second frequency band.

[0227] It should be understood that the first adjustable element 231 can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, and adjust the coupling amount between the first part and the second part. The second connection point 212 is close to the open end of the radiator 210, and the open end usually has a strong electric field. The second adjustable element 232 can be used to adjust the electrical length of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics.

[0228] Since the first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 are both loads of the radiator 210, they will affect the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210, and the electrical length of the radiator. Therefore, it can be understood that the first adjustable element 231 mainly affects the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210, and the second adjustable element 232 mainly affects the electrical length of the radiator 210.

[0229] The first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 in different circuit states can make the radiator 210 generate different resonances, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics. For example, when the resonances generated by the radiator 210 all include the same frequency band, the coupling amount between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 corresponding to each resonance is different, and the beam generated by the radiator 210 is different. When the resonances generated by the radiator 210 include different frequency bands, the antenna 200 can work in different communication frequency bands.

[0230] In one embodiment, the first frequency band can be at least part of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Tianxiang satellite system, and the first frequency band can be the transmission frequency band (1980 MHz-2010 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system, and the first frequency band can be the transmission frequency band (1610 MHz-1626.5 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in a low-orbit satellite system (for example, Starlink), and the first frequency band can be the transmission frequency band (1668 MHz-1675 MHz) therein.

[0231] In one embodiment, the second frequency band can be at least part of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Thaicom satellite system, and the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (2170 MHz-2200 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system, and the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (2483.5 MHz-2500 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (1518 MHz-1525 MHz) therein.

[0232] The first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band (for example, the transmitting frequency band in the Thaicom satellite system, 1980 MHz-2010 MHz), and the antenna 200 can transmit radio frequency signals to the communication satellite through the generated first directional pattern or the second directional pattern.

[0233] The second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band (for example, the receiving frequency band in the Thaicom satellite system, 2170 MHz-2200 MHz), and the antenna 200 can receive radio frequency signals transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first directional pattern or the second directional pattern.

[0234] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 has a first current distribution at the resonance point of the first resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 has a second current distribution at the resonance point of the second resonance. The first current distribution and the second current distribution are different.

[0235] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the antenna 200 has a first directional pattern at the resonance point of the first resonance (the radiator 210 is also used to generate the first directional pattern). In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the antenna 200 has a second directional pattern at the resonance point of the second resonance (the radiator 210 is also used to generate the second directional pattern). The first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different.

[0236] It should be understood that, since the first adjustable element 231 can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, the amount of coupling between the first part and the second part is adjusted, so that the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 presents different current distributions. The current distributions being different can be understood as the current intensities on the radiator 210 being different. When the current distributions on the radiator 210 are different, the directional diagram jointly generated by the first part and the second part changes, so that the antenna 200 has different directional diagrams.

[0237] It should be understood that, when the electronic device 100 uses the antenna 200 as an antenna for transmitting and receiving to a communication satellite respectively in different time slots, the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 can include the transmitting frequency band or the receiving frequency band of the satellite system respectively in different time slots. In the corresponding time slot, the antenna 200 can transmit a radio frequency signal to the communication satellite or receive a radio frequency signal transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first directional diagram or the second directional diagram.

[0238] The antenna 200 can have two directional diagrams with different maximum radiation directions in the first frequency band. The antenna 200 can switch the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication condition (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the directional diagram generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality with the communication satellite.

[0239] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range with a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) to the top direction (the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when a user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the directional diagram generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle range, effectively improving the user experience.

[0240] In one embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram is greater than or equal to 15°. In one embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram is greater than or equal to 30°. In one embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram is greater than or equal to 45°.

[0241] In one embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram is less than or equal to 120°. In one embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional diagram and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional diagram is less than or equal to 90°. In the embodiments of the present application, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram can be understood accordingly, and for the sake of brevity of the discussion, will not be repeated.

[0242] It should be understood that when the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is greater than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a larger angular range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220. When the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is less than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a continuous angular range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220, and the range does not have an angle with poor radiation characteristics.

[0243] In an embodiment, the frame 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle, and the length of the first side 131 is less than the length of the second side 132. The first position 201 and the second position 202 are located on the first side 131. In an embodiment, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10. When the electronic device 100 is a foldable electronic device including multiple housings, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10 in a folded state.

[0244] It should be understood that the first side 131 can be the top side or the bottom side of the electronic device 100. For the sake of brevity of the discussion, only the case where the first side 131 is the top side of the electronic device 10 is described. The top side / bottom side of the electronic device 100 can be understood as the top / bottom side in a conventional use state, for example, the top / bottom side in a desktop, graphical user interface (GUI) of a mobile phone.

[0245] When the electronic device 100 is a foldable electronic device including multiple housings, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 100 in a folded state, or the short side in a flattened state. For example, in a large folding type (which can be understood as a folding state in which a desktop user interface can still be displayed), the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 100 in a folded state. For example, in a small folding type (which can be understood as a desktop user interface that can only be displayed in a flattened state), the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 100 in a flattened state. The first side 131 in the embodiments of the present application can be understood accordingly, and for the sake of brevity of the discussion, will not be described one by one.

[0246] In an embodiment, at the resonance point of the first resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the second resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the third resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the fourth resonance, the current on the first part of the radiator 210 and the current on the second part are in the same direction.

[0247] It should be understood that the resonances (e.g., the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance, the fourth resonance) in the above embodiments are generated by the line DM mode described in the above embodiments. Since the current generated by the line DM mode is mainly generated by the radiator 210, the current is mainly concentrated on the radiator 210, and the current on the ground plate 300 has little effect on the antenna 200, so it is easy to determine the maximum radiation direction of the directional diagram generated by the antenna 200. In one embodiment, the two ends of the radiator 210 are open ends, and the radiator 210 can work in a half-wavelength mode. The electrical length of the radiator 210 is one half of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the radiator 210. It should be understood that the above wavelength is the vacuum wavelength, and since there is a certain conversion relationship between the medium wavelength and the vacuum wavelength, the above vacuum wavelength can also be converted into the medium wavelength.

[0248] In addition, for the line CM mode, the transverse mode of the ground plate can be excited (the proportion is more than the longitudinal mode), but the transverse mode on the ground plate corresponds to the current that cancels each other out, so the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the line CM mode are relatively low. For the line DM mode, the radiation of the antenna in the line DM mode is mainly generated by the radiator, and the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the line DM mode are better than those of the line CM mode.

[0249] In one embodiment, the first capacitor 230 is a lumped element.

[0250] The first end of the first capacitor 230 is coupled to the first coupling point of the radiator 210, and the second end is coupled to the second coupling point of the radiator 210. The first coupling point is located at the first part of the radiator 210, and the second coupling point is located at the second part of the radiator 210. In one embodiment, the distance (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) between the first coupling point and / or the second coupling point and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) is less than or equal to one eighth (0.125 x L0) of the length L0 of the radiator 210.

[0251] In one embodiment, the distance (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) between the first coupling point and / or the second coupling point and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0252] In one embodiment, the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first connection point 211.

[0253] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further comprises a first connecting member and a second connecting member. The first capacitor 230 is coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap through the first connecting member and the second connecting member. In one embodiment, a first end of the first capacitor 230 is coupled with the first coupling point of the radiator 210 through the first connecting member, and a second end of the first capacitor 230 is coupled with the second coupling point of the radiator 210 through the second connecting member. The first adjustable element 231 is coupled with the first connecting point 211 through the first connecting member or the second connecting member.

[0254] In one embodiment, the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first feeding point 221.

[0255] It should be understood that the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first connecting point 211, or the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first feeding point 221, which is more convenient for layout in the increasingly tight space of the electronic device 100.

[0256] In one embodiment, the first capacitor 230 is a distributed element, as shown in FIG. 9. The first capacitor 230 comprises an equivalent capacitor formed between the radiators 210 on both sides of the second insulating gap.

[0257] The calculation formula of the capacitance value is as follows:

[0258] Wherein, ε is the dielectric constant of the medium between the two plates of the capacitor (the radiators on both sides of the gap); δ is the absolute dielectric constant in vacuum; k is the electrostatic force constant; S is the opposite area of the two plates, which is the opposite area of the edge radiators on both sides of the gap in the embodiments of the present application; d is the vertical distance between the two plates, which is the width of the second insulating gap in the embodiments of the present application.

[0259] Therefore, the equivalent capacitance value of the first capacitor 230 can be adjusted by adjusting the opposite area of the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap, the medium filled in the second insulating gap, and the like, which is not limited in the embodiments of the present application.

[0260] In one embodiment, the first adjustable element 231 can be an adjustable element, which can adjust its electrical parameters by adjusting voltage and the like electrical parameters. For example, adjustable capacitors, adjustable inductors, adjustable resistors, and the like adjustable elements.

[0261] In one embodiment, the first adjustable element 231 can comprise a switch 2311 and a plurality of switch branches 2312. The plurality of switch branches 2312 are coupled between the first connecting point 211 and the ground plate 300 through the switch 2311. The antenna 200 can switch the switch branches 2312 coupled with the first connecting point 211 through the switch 2311.

[0262] It should be understood that the "switch" in the present application can include one or more switching devices; the "first connection point", "second connection point" and "third connection point" in the present application can include one or more connection points. In one embodiment, one of the switch branches 2312 can be coupled between the floor 300 and the radiator 210 through one of the switching devices in the switch 2311 and one of the connection points in the first connection point 211; the other of the switch branches 2312 can be coupled between the floor 300 and the radiator 210 through the other of the switching devices in the switch 2311 and the other of the connection points in the first connection point 211. In the embodiments of the present application, the switch is only used for switching to different switch branches coupled with the radiator, and does not limit the specific position and specific form.

[0263] It should be understood that in the embodiments of the present application, the switch branch can be understood as the circuit between the switch and the connection point (for example, the first connection point 211) or the floor 300, which can be switched to different switch branches by the switch, so as to make the equivalent capacitance, equivalent resistance or equivalent inductance coupled with the connection point different.

[0264] In one embodiment, the switch branch can include one or more electronic elements, and the plurality of electronic elements can be connected in series or parallel to realize different equivalent capacitance values and / or equivalent inductance values and / or equivalent resistance values. In one embodiment, the switch branch can also include a switch, and the equivalent capacitance values and / or equivalent inductance values and / or equivalent resistance values in different states of the switch branch can be switched by the switch.

[0265] In one embodiment, the switch branch can not include electronic elements. The switch branch can be used to determine the boundary condition at the first connection point. For example, the switch branch is in an open circuit state, and when the common port of the switch is connected with the switch branch, the first connection point 211 is in an open circuit state (not coupled with the floor 300 through the device). Or, the switch branch is in a short circuit state, and when the common port of the switch is connected with the switch branch, the first connection point 211 is in a short circuit state (electrically connected with the floor 300 branch, without other electronic elements). For the sake of brevity of the discussion, only the switch branch 2312 including the equivalent electronic elements is taken as an example in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 9, and the rest will not be repeated.

[0266] It should be understood that for the sake of brevity of the discussion, the adjustable elements (for example, the second adjustable element 232) described in the embodiments of the present application can be understood accordingly, and the rest will not be repeated.

[0267] In one embodiment, the length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.125×L0≤L1≤0.875×L0, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0268] In one embodiment, the length LI of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length LO of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.25 x LO < LI < 0.75 x LO.

[0269] In one embodiment, the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 and the length LO of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.125 x LO < L2 < 0.875 x LO.

[0270] In one embodiment, the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 and the length LO of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.25 x LO < L2 < 0.75 x LO.

[0271] In one embodiment, the length LI of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: 0.143 x LI < L2 < 7 x LI.

[0272] In one embodiment, the length LI of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: 0.33 x LI < L2 < 3 x LI.

[0273] It should be understood that when the length LI of the first portion of the radiator 210 is different from the length L2 of the second portion of the radiator 210, the current distribution on the first portion and the second portion is more uneven, and the radiation beam generated by the first portion and the second portion together has a larger angle with the top direction, which can make the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 have a larger angular deviation (the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern and the top direction is larger).

[0274] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a third adjustable element 233. The radiator 210 further includes a third connection point 213. The third adjustable element 233 is coupled with the third connection point 213, as shown in FIG. 10.

[0275] It should be understood that the third adjustable element 233 can be used to adjust the electrical length of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics. The antenna 200 includes the second adjustable element 232 and the third adjustable element 233, and the antenna 200 can have a wider adjustment range.

[0276] In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: D2≤0.25×L0. In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: D2≤0.17×L0.

[0277] In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: D1≤0.33×L2. In one embodiment, the distance between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 (third insulating gap) (the length of the frame 11 between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 (third insulating gap)) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0278] It should be understood that the third connection point 213 is close to the open end of the radiator 210, which usually has a stronger electric field near the open end, and the antenna 200 can have a wider adjustment range.

[0279] FIGS. 11 to 15 are simulation results of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10. FIG. 11 is the S parameter simulation result of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 1. FIG. 12 is the S parameter simulation result of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 2. FIG. 13 is the directional diagram of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 2. FIG. 14 is the S parameter simulation result of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 3. FIG. 15 is the directional diagram of the antenna 200 in the electronic device 100 shown in FIG. 10 in Case 3.

[0280] In the directional diagrams shown in the embodiments of the present application, the vertical axis is the angle Theta (θ) (the angle with the z axis) with the z direction (the direction pointing to the top of the foldable electronic device 100), and the horizontal axis is the angle Phi (φ) (the angle with the x axis) with the x direction (the extension direction of the first side) in the xoy plane. (the angle with the x axis in the xoy plane).

[0281] Wherein, the z direction (Theta = 0°, Phi = 180°) is the first direction from the bottom of the electronic device 100 to the top of the electronic device 100, which is directed to the satellite during satellite communication.

[0282] It should be understood that in the simulation results shown in FIGS. 11-15, only the first frequency band includes the transmitting frequency band (1980-2010 MHz) in the Tianhong satellite system, and the second frequency band includes the receiving frequency band (2170-2200 MHz) in the Tianhong satellite system, and in actual production or design, adjustments can be made.

[0283] In addition, in the simulation results shown in FIGS. 11-15, simulation results in three different cases are shown.

[0284] Case 1: the equivalent capacitance value of the first capacitor is 1 pF, the equivalent inductance value of the first adjustable element is 10 nH, the equivalent capacitance value of the second adjustable element is 0.075 pF, and the equivalent capacitance value of the third adjustable element is 0.75 pF.

[0285] Case 2: the equivalent capacitance value of the first capacitor is 1 pF, the equivalent inductance value of the first adjustable element is 1.5 nH, the equivalent capacitance value of the second adjustable element is 0.75 pF, and the equivalent capacitance value of the third adjustable element is 0.75 pF.

[0286] Case 3: the equivalent capacitance value of the first capacitor is 1 pF, the equivalent inductance value of the first adjustable element is 1.5 nH, the equivalent capacitance value of the second adjustable element is 0.35 pF, and the equivalent capacitance value of the third adjustable element is 2 pF.

[0287] As shown in FIG. 11, in case 1, the antenna can resonate near 2 GHz, and the resonant frequency band can include the first frequency band.

[0288] As shown in FIG. 12, in case 2, the antenna can resonate near 2.2 GHz, and the resonant frequency band can include the second frequency band.

[0289] At 2.2 GHz, the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the angle range of 50°≤ Phi≤ 100° and 250°≤ Phi≤ 300°, as shown in FIG. 13.

[0290] It should be understood that in the radiation patterns shown in the embodiments of the present application, the areas with darker colors (e.g., hatched areas) have better radiation characteristics, and for the sake of brevity of the discussion, they will not be described one by one.

[0291] As shown in FIG. 14, in case 3, the antenna can resonate near 2.2 GHz, and the resonant frequency band can include the second frequency band.

[0292] At 2.2 GHz, the antenna has good radiation characteristics in the angle range of 100°≤ Phi≤ 150° and 200°≤ Phi≤ 250°, as shown in FIG. 15.

[0293] It should be understood that according to the embodiments of the present application, the antenna can have different radiation characteristics (e.g., different maximum radiation directions of the directional diagram) in the same frequency band. Meanwhile, the antenna can also work in different frequency bands through the adjustable element, and have different radiation characteristics in multiple communication frequency bands.

[0294] FIG. 16 is a schematic diagram of another electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0295] As shown in FIG. 16, the antenna 200 can further include a switch 240.

[0296] The radiator 210 includes a first feeding point 221 and a second feeding point 222. The first feeding point 221 is located between the first position 201 and the second position 202. The second feeding point 222 is located between the second position 202 and the third position 203.

[0297] The feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240. In one embodiment, the feeding circuit 220 is coupled with a common port of the switch 240. A first port of the switch 240 is coupled with the first feeding point 221, and a second port of the switch 240 is coupled with the second feeding point 222.

[0298] It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 16 is different from the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 8, 9, and 10 only in the switch 240. In the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 8, 9, and 10, the switch 240 is not provided, and the feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 to feed the electrical signal. In the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 16, the feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240, and the feeding circuit 220 can switch the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240 to feed the electrical signal by any one of the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222.

[0299] In the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 16, since the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 are located in the first part (the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) and the second part (the radiator 210 between the second position 202 and the third position 203) respectively, the current distribution on the first part and the current distribution on the second part are more uneven when the electrical signal is fed by the first feeding point 221 or the second feeding point 222, and the radiation beam generated by the first part and the second part together has a larger angle with the top direction, which can make the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 have a larger angular offset (the maximum radiation direction of the directional diagram has a larger angle with the top direction).

[0300] In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feed point 221 and the first location 201 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N1 < 0.25 x L0. In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feed point 221 and the first location 201 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N1 < 0.17 x L0.

[0301] In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feed point 221 and the first location 201 and the length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first location 201 and the second location 202 satisfy: N1 < 0.33 x L1.

[0302] In one embodiment, the length N2 of the radiator 210 between the second feed point 222 and the third location 203 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N2 < 0.25 x L0. In one embodiment, the length N2 of the radiator 210 between the second feed point 222 and the third location 203 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N2 < 0.17 x L0.

[0303] In one embodiment, the length N2 of the radiator 210 between the second feed point 222 and the third location 203 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third location 203 and the second location 202 satisfy: N2 < 0.33 x L2.

[0304] It should be appreciated that the first feed point 221 and / or the second feed point 222 are close to the open end of the radiator 210, which usually has a strong electric field near the open end, facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna 200.

[0305] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further comprises a third adjustable element 233. The radiator 210 further comprises a third connection point 213. The third adjustable element 233 is coupled to the third connection point 213.

[0306] In one embodiment, the first feed point 221 and the second connection point 212 coincide, as shown in FIG. 17. In one embodiment, the second feed point 222 and the third connection point 213 are coupled.

[0307] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further comprises a first connection and a second connection. The first feed circuit 220 and the second adjustable element 232 are coupled to the first feed point 221 (the second connection point 212) through the first connection. The first feed circuit 220 and the third adjustable element 233 are coupled to the second feed point 222 (the third connection point 213) through the first connection.

[0308] It should be understood that the first feeding point 221 and the second connecting point 212 coincide, the second feeding point 222 and the third connecting point 213 coincide, a single connecting member can be used to couple the first feeding point 221 and the second connecting point 212, or the second feeding point 222 and the third connecting point 213, which is more convenient for layout in the increasingly tight space of the electronic device 100.

[0309] In one embodiment, when the feeding circuit 220 feeds the radio frequency signal through the first feeding point 221, the radiator 210, the first adjustable element 231 and the third adjustable element 233 are used to generate a first resonance. The antenna 200 has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance.

[0310] When the feeding circuit 220 feeds the radio frequency signal through the second feeding point 222, the radiator 210, the first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 are used to generate a second resonance. The antenna 200 has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance. The first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different.

[0311] The resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. Alternatively, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0312] It should be understood that when the feeding point and the connecting point coincide, the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 can be tuned by the adjustable element on the second part when the feeding point on the first part feeds the electrical signal.

[0313] For the sake of brevity of discussion, the similar parts of the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 16 and 17 to the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 8, 9 and 10 will not be described one by one, for example, the similar parts include: the position of the radiator 210; the resonance generated by the antenna 200, and the frequency band of the satellite communication included in the resonance frequency band; the current distribution on the first part and the second part of the radiator 210; the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern; whether the first capacitor 230 is a lumped element or a distributed element; the position of the first connecting point 211, the second connecting point 212 and / or the third connecting point 213; and the like.

[0314] FIG. 18 is a schematic diagram of an electronic device 100 according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0315] As shown in FIG. 18, the electronic device 100 includes a frame 11, an antenna 200 and a floor 300.

[0316] The edge frame 11 is spaced apart from the floor 300 at least in part. The edge frame 11 comprises a first position 201, a second position 202 and a third position 203 arranged in sequence. The edge frame 11 has a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position 201, the second position 202 and the third position 203 respectively.

[0317] The antenna 200 comprises a radiator 210, a feeding circuit 220, a first adjustable element 231 and a second adjustable element 232.

[0318] The radiator 210 comprises a conductive part of the edge frame 11 between the first position 201 and the third position 203. At least part of the radiator 210 is spaced apart from the floor 300.

[0319] The radiator 210 comprises a first feeding point 221. The feeding circuit 220 is coupled to the first feeding point 221 to feed an electrical signal to the antenna 200. In an embodiment, a distance between the first feeding point 221 and the second position 202 (the second insulating gap) can be less than or equal to one quarter (0.25 x L0) of a length L0 of the radiator 210. The feeding circuit 220 feeds the electrical signal in a region near the second position 202 (the second insulating gap). In an embodiment, a distance between the first feeding point 221 and the second position 202 (the second insulating gap) can be less than or equal to one sixth (0.17 x L0) of the length L0 of the radiator 210.

[0320] In an embodiment, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a resonance, and a resonance frequency band of the resonance comprises at least part of a satellite communication frequency band.

[0321] The satellite communication comprises at least one of a satellite short message (also referred to as short message) receiving and / or sending, a satellite call making and / or receiving, and a satellite data (e.g. internet surfing).

[0322] The first adjustable element 231 is coupled between the radiators 210 on both sides of the second insulating gap.

[0323] In one embodiment, the first end of the first tunable element 231 is coupled with a first coupling point of the radiator 210, and the second end is coupled with a second coupling point of the radiator 210. The first coupling point is located at a first portion of the radiator 210 (the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202), and the second coupling point is located at a second portion of the radiator 210 (the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202). In one embodiment, a distance between the first coupling point and / or the second coupling point and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) is less than or equal to one-eighth of the length L0 of the radiator 210 (0.125 x L0).

[0324] In one embodiment, a distance between the first coupling point and / or the second coupling point and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) is less than or equal to 5 mm.

[0325] The radiator 210 includes a first connection point 211. The second tunable element 232 is coupled with the first connection point 211. In one embodiment, a distance between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202) (the length of the frame 11 between the first connection point 211 and the second insulating gap (the second position 202)) is greater than or equal to a distance between the first coupling point and / or the second coupling point and the second insulating gap (the second position 202).

[0326] In one embodiment, a length D1 of the radiator between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 and a length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: D1 < 0.25 x L0. In one embodiment, a length D1 of the radiator between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 and a length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: D1 < 0.17 x L0.

[0327] In one embodiment, a length D1 of the radiator between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 and a length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 satisfy: D1 < 0.33 x L1.

[0328] In one embodiment, a distance between the first connection point 211 and the first position 201 (the first insulating gap) (the length of the frame 11 between the second connection point 212 and the first position 201 (the first insulating gap)) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0329] It should be understood that the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 18 is only different from the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17 in the position of the first adjustable element 231. In the antenna 200 shown in FIGS. 8, 9, 10, 16 and 17, the antenna 200 increases the coupling amount between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 by coupling the first capacitor 230 on both sides of the second insulating gap, and adjusts the equivalent capacitance of the second insulating gap by the first adjustable element 231. By the above technical solution, the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 can have different coupling amounts at different times (time / slot), and the intensity of the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 is different at different times (time / slot), so that the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 is deflected.

[0330] In the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 18, the antenna 200 can adjust the coupling amount between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 by coupling the first adjustable element 231 on both sides of the second insulating gap. By the above technical solution, the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 can have different coupling amounts at different times (time / slot), and the intensity of the current on the first part and the second part is different at different times (time / slot), so that the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 is deflected.

[0331] Therefore, in the antenna 200 shown in FIG. 18, the antenna 200 can have different patterns with different maximum radiation directions in the same frequency band, and the antenna 200 can switch the pattern generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication condition (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, so as to switch the maximum radiation direction of the pattern generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality with the communication satellite.

[0332] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range with a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) with the top direction (the direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when the user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the pattern generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle, which effectively improves the user experience.

[0333] Meanwhile, the antenna 200 can also adjust the radiation characteristics (for example, the resonant point frequency) by the adjustable element (for example, the second adjustable element 232), so that the antenna 200 works in more communication frequency bands.

[0334] In one embodiment, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a first resonance when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state. In one embodiment, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a second resonance when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state. The resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band. The first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. Alternatively, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band. The second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0335] In one embodiment, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a third resonance when the first adjustable element 231 is in the fifth circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the sixth circuit state. In one embodiment, the radiator 210 is configured to generate a fourth resonance when the first adjustable element 231 is in the seventh circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the eighth circuit state. The resonance frequency band of the third resonance includes the first frequency band. The resonance frequency band of the second resonance includes the second frequency band.

[0336] It should be understood that the first adjustable element 231 is configured to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap and adjust the coupling amount between the first part and the second part. The second connecting point 212 is close to the open end of the radiator 210, which usually has a strong electric field. The second adjustable element 232 is configured to adjust the electrical length of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics.

[0337] Since the first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 are both loads of the radiator 210, they will affect the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 and the electrical length of the radiator. Therefore, it can be understood that the first adjustable element 231 mainly affects the coupling between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210, and the second adjustable element 232 mainly affects the electrical length of the radiator 210.

[0338] The first adjustable element 231 and the second adjustable element 232 in different circuit states can make the radiator 210 generate different resonances, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics. For example, when the resonances generated by the radiator 210 all include the same frequency band, the coupling amount between the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 corresponding to each resonance is different, and the beam generated by the radiator 210 is different. When the resonances generated by the radiator 210 include different frequency bands, the antenna 200 can work in different communication frequency bands.

[0339] In one embodiment, the first frequency band can be at least part of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Thaicom satellite system, and the first frequency band can be the transmitting frequency band (1980-2010 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system, and the first frequency band can be the transmitting frequency band (1610-1626.5 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the low-orbit satellite system (e.g., Starlink), and the first frequency band can be the transmitting frequency band (1668-1675 MHz) therein.

[0340] In one embodiment, the second frequency band can be at least part of the frequency band from 1.5 GHz to 4.5 GHz. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Thaicom satellite system, and the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (2170-2200 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the antenna 200 works in the Beidou satellite system, and the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (2483.5-2500 MHz) therein. In one embodiment, the second frequency band can be the receiving frequency band (1518-1525 MHz) therein.

[0341] The first frequency band is the transmitting frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band (e.g., the transmitting frequency band in the Thaicom satellite system, 1980-2010 MHz), and the antenna 200 can transmit radio frequency signals to the communication satellite through the generated first directional pattern or second directional pattern.

[0342] The second frequency band is the receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band (e.g., the receiving frequency band in the Thaicom satellite system, 2170-2200 MHz), and the antenna 200 can receive radio frequency signals transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first directional pattern or second directional pattern.

[0343] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 presents a first current distribution at the resonance point of the first resonance. In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the current on the radiator 210 presents a second current distribution at the resonance point of the second resonance. The first current distribution and the second current distribution are different.

[0344] In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the first circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the second circuit state, the antenna 200 has a first directional pattern at the resonance point of the first resonance (the radiator 210 also serves to generate the first directional pattern). In one embodiment, when the first adjustable element 231 is in the third circuit state and the second adjustable element 232 is in the fourth circuit state, the antenna 200 has a second directional pattern at the resonance point of the second resonance (the radiator 210 also serves to generate the second directional pattern). The first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different.

[0345] It should be understood that, since the first adjustable element 231 can be used to adjust the equivalent capacitance value of the second insulating gap, the amount of coupling between the first part and the second part is adjusted, so that the current on the first part and the second part of the radiator 210 has a different current distribution. The different current distribution can be understood as different current intensity on the radiator 210. When the current distribution on the radiator 210 is different, the directional pattern generated by the first part and the second part together will change, so that the antenna 200 has different directional patterns.

[0346] It should be understood that, when the electronic device 100 uses the antenna 200 as an antenna for transmitting and receiving to a communication satellite in different time slots, respectively, the operating frequency band of the antenna 200 can include the transmitting frequency band or the receiving frequency band of the satellite system in different time slots, respectively. In the corresponding time slot, the antenna 200 can transmit a radio frequency signal to the communication satellite or receive a radio frequency signal transmitted by the communication satellite through the generated first directional pattern or the second directional pattern.

[0347] The antenna 200 can have two directional patterns with different maximum radiation directions in the first frequency band. The antenna 200 can switch the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern generated by the antenna 200 according to the communication status (for example, including relative position) between the communication satellite and the electronic device 100, to switch the maximum radiation direction of the directional pattern generated by the antenna 200, and ensure the communication quality with the communication satellite.

[0348] Therefore, the electronic device 100 has good communication characteristics in a range of a large angle (for example, 50°, 60°, or 70°) with respect to the top direction (a direction from the bottom of the electronic device to the top, for example, the z direction). For example, when a user performs satellite communication, the antenna 200 has the characteristic of a wide beam, and the directional pattern generated by the antenna 200 has good characteristics in a large angle, effectively improving the user experience.

[0349] In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is greater than or equal to 15°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is greater than or equal to 30°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is greater than or equal to 45°.

[0350] In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is less than or equal to 120°. In an embodiment, the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is less than or equal to 90°. The first directional pattern and the second directional pattern can be understood accordingly in the embodiments of the present application, and will not be described in detail for the sake of brevity.

[0351] It should be understood that when the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is greater than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a larger angular range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220. When the angle between the maximum radiation direction of the first directional pattern and the maximum radiation direction of the second directional pattern is less than a certain range, the antenna 200 can have good radiation characteristics in a continuous angular range by switching the first phase shift state or the second phase shift state of the phase shift circuit 220, and the range does not have angles with poor radiation characteristics.

[0352] In an embodiment, the frame 11 includes a first side 131 and a second side 132 intersecting the first side 131 at an angle, and the length of the first side 131 is less than the length of the second side 132. The first position 201 and the second position 202 are located on the first side 131. In an embodiment, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10. When the electronic device 100 is a foldable electronic device including a plurality of housings, the first side 131 can be understood as the short side of the electronic device 10 in a folded state.

[0353] In an embodiment, at the resonance point of the first resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the second resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the third resonance, and / or at the resonance point of the fourth resonance, the current on the first portion of the radiator 210 and the current on the second portion are in the same direction.

[0354] It should be understood that the resonances (e.g., the first resonance, the second resonance, the third resonance, the fourth resonance) in the above embodiments are generated by the line DM mode described in the above embodiments. Since the current generated by the line DM mode is mainly generated by the radiator 210, the current is mainly concentrated on the radiator 210, and the current on the ground plate 300 has little effect on the antenna 200, so it is easy to determine the maximum radiation direction of the directional diagram generated by the antenna 200. In one embodiment, the two ends of the radiator 210 are open ends, and the radiator 210 can work in a half-wavelength mode. The electrical length of the radiator 210 is one half of the first wavelength, and the first wavelength is the wavelength corresponding to the resonance generated by the radiator 210. It should be understood that the above wavelength is the vacuum wavelength, and since there is a certain conversion relationship between the medium wavelength and the vacuum wavelength, the above vacuum wavelength can also be converted into a medium wavelength.

[0355] And for the line CM mode, the transverse mode of the ground plate can be excited (the proportion is more than the longitudinal mode), but the transverse mode on the ground plate corresponds to the current that cancels each other out, so the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the line CM mode are relatively low. And for the line DM mode, the radiation of the antenna under the line DM mode is mainly generated by the radiator, and the system efficiency and radiation efficiency of the line DM mode are better than those of the line CM mode.

[0356] In one embodiment, the first coupling point or the second coupling point coincides with the first feeding point 221.

[0357] In one embodiment, the length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.125xL0≤L1≤0.875xL0.

[0358] In one embodiment, the length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.25xL0≤L1≤0.75xL0.

[0359] In one embodiment, the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.125xL0≤L2≤0.875xL0.

[0360] In one embodiment, the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: 0.25xL0≤L2≤0.75xL0.

[0361] In one embodiment, the length LI of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: 0.143 x LI ≤ L2 ≤ 7 x LI.

[0362] In one embodiment, the length LI of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: 0.33 x LI ≤ L2 ≤ 3 x LI.

[0363] It should be understood that when the length LI of the first portion of the radiator 210 is different from the length L2 of the second portion of the radiator 210, the current distribution on the first portion and the second portion is more uneven, and the radiation beam generated by the first portion and the second portion together has a larger angle with the top direction, which can make the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 have a larger angular deviation (the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern has a larger angle with the top direction).

[0364] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further includes a third adjustable element 233. The radiator 210 further includes a third connection point 213. The third adjustable element 233 is coupled with the third connection point 213, as shown in FIG. 19.

[0365] In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length LO of the radiator 210 satisfy: D2 ≤ 0.25 x LO. In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length LO of the radiator 210 satisfy: D2 ≤ 0.17 x LO.

[0366] In one embodiment, the length D2 of the radiator between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: D2 ≤ 0.33 x L2.

[0367] In one embodiment, the distance between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 (the length of the frame 11 between the third connection point 213 and the third position 203 (the third insulating gap)) is less than or equal to 10 mm.

[0368] It should be understood that the third connection point 213 is close to the open end of the radiator 210, which usually has a strong electric field near the open end, and the third adjustable element 233 can be used to adjust the electrical length of the radiator 210, so that the antenna 200 has different radiation characteristics. The antenna 200 includes the second adjustable element 232 and the third adjustable element 233, and the antenna 200 can have a wider adjustment range.

[0369] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 can further include a switch 240, as shown in FIG. 20.

[0370] The radiator 210 includes a first feeding point 221 and a second feeding point 222. The first feeding point 221 is located between the first position 201 and the second position 202. The second feeding point 222 is located between the second position 202 and the third position 203.

[0371] The feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240. In one embodiment, the feeding circuit 220 is coupled with a common port of the switch 240. A first port of the switch 240 is coupled with the first feeding point 221, and a second port of the switch 240 is coupled with the second feeding point 222.

[0372] It should be understood that the feeding circuit 220 is coupled with the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240, and the feeding circuit 220 can switch the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 through the switch 240 to feed the electrical signal from any one of the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222. Since the first feeding point 221 and the second feeding point 222 are located in the first part (the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202) and the second part (the radiator 210 between the second position 202 and the third position 203) respectively, switching the electrical signal fed by the first feeding point 221 or the second feeding point 222, the current distribution on the first part and the current distribution on the second part are more uneven, and the radiation beam generated by the first part and the second part together has a larger angle with the top direction, which can make the radiation beam generated by the antenna 200 have a larger angular offset (the maximum radiation direction of the radiation pattern has a larger angle with the top direction).

[0373] In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feeding point 221 and the first position 201 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N1≤0.25×L0. In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feeding point 221 and the first position 201 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N1≤0.17×L0.

[0374] In one embodiment, the length N1 of the radiator 210 between the first feeding point 221 and the first position 201 and the length L1 of the radiator 210 between the first position 201 and the second position 202 satisfy: N1≤0.33×L1.

[0375] In one embodiment, the length N2 of the radiator 210 between the second feeding point 222 and the third position 203 and the length L0 of the radiator 210 satisfy: N2≤0.25×L0.

[0376] In one embodiment, the length N2 of the radiator 210 between the second feeding point 222 and the third position 203 and the length L2 of the radiator 210 between the third position 203 and the second position 202 satisfy: N2≤0.33xL2.

[0377] It should be understood that the first feeding point 221 and / or the second feeding point 222 are close to the open end of the radiator 210, which usually has a strong electric field near the open end, facilitating the miniaturization of the antenna 200.

[0378] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further comprises a third adjustable element 233. The radiator 210 further comprises a third connecting point 213. The third adjustable element 233 is coupled with the third connecting point 213.

[0379] In one embodiment, the first feeding point 221 and the second connecting point 212 coincide, as shown in FIG. 21. In one embodiment, the second feeding point 222 and the third connecting point 213 are coupled.

[0380] In one embodiment, the antenna 200 further comprises a first connecting member and a second connecting member. The first feeding circuit 220 and the second adjustable element 232 are coupled with the first feeding point 221 (the second connecting point 212) through the first connecting member. The first feeding circuit 220 and the third adjustable element 233 are coupled with the second feeding point 222 (the third connecting point 213) through the first connecting member.

[0381] It should be understood that the first feeding point 221 and the second connecting point 212 coincide, and the second feeding point 222 and the third connecting point 213 coincide, and a single connecting member can be used to couple the first feeding point 221 and the second connecting point 212, or the second feeding point 222 and the third connecting point 213, which is more convenient for layout in the increasingly tight space of the electronic device 100.

[0382] In one embodiment, when the feeding circuit 220 feeds the radio frequency signal through the first feeding point 221, the radiator 210, the first adjustable element 231, and the third adjustable element 233 are used to generate a first resonance. The antenna 200 has a first directional pattern at the resonance point of the first resonance.

[0383] When the feeding circuit 220 feeds the radio frequency signal through the second feeding point 222, the radiator 210, the first adjustable element 231, and the second adjustable element 232 are used to generate a second resonance. The antenna 200 has a second directional pattern at the resonance point of the second resonance. The first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different.

[0384] The resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. Alternatively, the resonant frequency band of the first resonance and the resonant frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in the satellite communication frequency band.

[0385] It should be understood that when the feed point and the connection point coincide, the radiation characteristics of the antenna 200 can be tuned by the adjustable element on the second part when the feed point on the first part feeds in the electrical signal.

[0386] The above merely provides a specific implementation of the present application, but the protection scope of the present application is not limited to this. Any person skilled in the art can easily think of changes or replacements within the technical scope disclosed by the present application, and all these changes or replacements should be covered within the protection scope of the present application. Therefore, the protection scope of the present application should be subject to the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. An electronic device, comprising: The electronic device comprises: a floor; a frame comprising a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap at the first position, the second position and the third position respectively; an antenna comprising: a radiator comprising a conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least part of the radiator being arranged in a spaced manner with the floor; a feeding circuit, the radiator comprising a first feeding point, the feeding circuit being coupled with the first feeding point; a first capacitor, the first capacitor being coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap; a first adjustable element, a second adjustable element, the radiator comprising a first connecting point and a second connecting point, the first adjustable element being coupled with the first connecting point, the second adjustable element being coupled with the second connecting point; wherein a length of the radiator between the first connecting point and the second insulating gap is less than a length of the radiator between the second connecting point and the second insulating gap; a length D0 of the radiator between the first connecting point and the second insulating gap and a length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D0≤0.25×L0; a length D1 of the radiator between the second connecting point and the first position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0.

2. The electronic device according to claim 1, wherein: the first capacitor comprises an equivalent capacitor formed between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap.

3. The electronic device according to claim 1 or 2, wherein: a length L1 of the radiator between the first position and the second position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: 0.125×L0≤L1≤0.875×L0.

4. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein: the antenna further comprises a first connecting member and a second connecting member, the first capacitor being coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap through the first connecting member and the second connecting member; the first adjustable element is coupled with the first connecting point through the first connecting member or the second connecting member.

5. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein: the length D0 of the radiator between the first connecting point and the second insulating gap and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D0≤0.125×L0, and / or the length D1 of the radiator between the second connecting point and the first position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.125×L0.

6. The electronic device according to any one of claims 1 to 5, wherein: the antenna further comprises a switch; the radiator further comprises a second feeding point, the feeding circuit being coupled with the first feeding point and the second feeding point through the switch, the first feeding point being located between the first position and the second position, the second feeding point being located between the second position and the third position.

7. The electronic device of claim 6, wherein: the antenna further comprises a third adjustable element, and the radiator comprises a third connection point, and the third adjustable element is coupled to the third connection point; the first feed point and the second connection point coincide, and the second feed point and the third connection point coincide.

8. The electronic device of claim 7, wherein: based on the feed circuit feeding radio frequency signals through the first feed point, the radiator, the first adjustable element, and the third adjustable element are configured to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the feed circuit feeding radio frequency signals through the second feed point, the radiator, the first adjustable element, and the second adjustable element are configured to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, and the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a reception frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

9. The electronic device of any one of claims 1 to 8, wherein: based on the first adjustable element being in a first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional pattern at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional pattern at a resonance point of the second resonance, and the first directional pattern and the second directional pattern are different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a reception frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

10. An electronic device, comprising: comprising: a floor; a frame, the frame comprising a first position, a second position, and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap, and a third insulating gap at the first position, the second position, and the third position, respectively; an antenna, the antenna comprising: a radiator, the radiator comprising a conductive portion of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least a portion of the radiator being spaced apart from the floor; a feed circuit, the radiator comprising a feed point, the feed circuit being coupled to the feed point; a first adjustable element, the first adjustable element being coupled between the radiators on both sides of the second insulating gap; a second adjustable element, the radiator comprising a first connection point, the second adjustable element being coupled to the first connection point; The first connection point is located between the first position and the second position, and the length D1 of the radiator between the first connection point and the first position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: D1≤0.25×L0. 11.The electronic device of claim 10, wherein, the length L1 of the radiator between the first position and the second position and the length L0 of the radiator satisfy: 0.125×L0≤L1≤0.875×L0. 12.The electronic device of claim 10 or 11, wherein, the antenna further comprises a switch; the radiator further comprises a second feeding point, and the feeding circuit is coupled with the first feeding point, the second feeding point through the switch, the first feeding point is located between the first position and the second position, and the second feeding point is located between the second position and the third position. 13.The electronic device of claim 12, wherein, the antenna further comprises a third adjustable element, and the radiator comprises a third connection point, the third adjustable element is coupled with the third connection point; the first feeding point and the second connection point coincide, and the second feeding point and the third connection point coincide. 14.The electronic device of claim 13, wherein, based on the feeding circuit feeding a radio frequency signal through the first feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element and the third adjustable element are used to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional diagram at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the feeding circuit feeding a radio frequency signal through the second feeding point, the radiator, the first adjustable element and the second adjustable element are used to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional diagram at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram being different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or, the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band. 15.The electronic device of any one of claims 10 to 14, wherein, based on the first adjustable element being in a first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a second circuit state, the radiator is used to generate a first resonance, and the antenna has a first directional diagram at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is used to generate a second resonance, and the antenna has a second directional diagram at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram being different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance comprise a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmission frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or, The resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

16. An electronic device, comprising: Comprise: a floor; a frame, the frame comprising a first position, a second position and a third position arranged in sequence, the frame having a first insulating gap, a second insulating gap and a third insulating gap in the first position, the second position and the third position respectively; an antenna, the antenna comprising: a radiator, the radiator comprising a conductive part of the frame between the first position and the third position, at least part of the radiator being arranged in a spaced manner with the floor; a feed circuit, the radiator comprising a feed point, the feed circuit being coupled with the feed point; a first adjustable element, the radiator comprising a first adjustment region, the first adjustment region comprising the second insulating gap, the first adjustable element being coupled with the first adjustment region; a second adjustable element, the radiator comprising a second adjustment region and a third adjustment region, the second adjustment region comprising the first position, the third adjustment region comprising the third position, the second adjustable element being coupled with the second adjustment region or the third adjustment region; wherein the feed point is located in any one of the first adjustment region, the second adjustment region and the third adjustment region.

17. The electronic device of claim 16, wherein, based on the first adjustable element being in a first circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a second circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a first resonance, and a current on the radiator has a first current distribution at a resonance point of the first resonance; based on the first adjustable element being in a third circuit state and the second adjustable element being in a fourth circuit state, the radiator is configured to generate a second resonance, and the current on the radiator has a second current distribution at a resonance point of the second resonance, the first current distribution and the second current distribution being different; wherein the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a first frequency band, and the first frequency band is a transmitting frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band, or the resonance frequency band of the first resonance and the resonance frequency band of the second resonance include a second frequency band, and the second frequency band is a receiving frequency band in a satellite communication frequency band.

18. The electronic device of claim 17, wherein, the antenna has a first directional diagram at the resonance point of the first resonance; the antenna has a second directional diagram at the resonance point of the second resonance, and the first directional diagram and the second directional diagram are different.

19. The electronic device of any one of claims 16 to 18, wherein, the radiator comprises a first part and a second part, the first part being a radiator between the first position and the second position, and the second part being a radiator between the second position and the third position; the first adjustable element is configured to adjust an amount of coupling between the first part and the second part in the first adjustment region, and / or, The second tunable element is configured to adjust an electric field generated by the radiator in the second adjustment region or the third adjustment region.

20. The electronic device of any of claims 16-19, wherein, The antenna further includes a third tunable element, the second tunable element is coupled with the second adjustment region, and the third tunable element is coupled with the third adjustment region.

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