Power supply circuit and vehicle

Abstract

The present disclosure relates to a power supply circuit and a vehicle. The power supply circuit comprises: a detection module and a switch control module, wherein the switch control module comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit; the detection module is used for detecting an access voltage of the power supply circuit; the detection module generates a first level signal on the basis that the access voltage is greater than a threshold voltage of the detection module, and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module; the detection module generates a second level signal on the basis that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the detection module, and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module; the second switch unit is switched to an off state after receiving the first level signal, and controls the first switch unit to turn off; and the second switch unit is switched to an on state after receiving the second level signal, and controls the first switch unit to turn on. The protection circuit provided in the present disclosure adds an automatic overcurrent protection function, has a lower cost, and has a stable main power supply always-on capability.

Description

A power supply circuit and a vehicle

[0001] Cross Reference to Related Applications

[0002] The present application claims priority to the Chinese patent application No. 2024107729209, filed on June 14, 2024, and entitled "A power supply circuit and a vehicle", the content of which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL FIELD

[0003] The present disclosure relates to the field of automotive technology, and in particular, to a power supply circuit and a vehicle. BACKGROUND

[0004] A vehicle is usually provided with a plurality of controllers with different functions, and a master controller often controls a plurality of sub-controllers, and some sub-controllers need to be kept in a normal power supply state, and the power distribution system should continuously supply power to them to ensure that the vehicle is in a normal state.

[0005] Using a high-side drive circuit to supply power to the sub-controllers is a common way in the power distribution system, and the high-side drive circuit is directly related to the working performance and operation safety of the entire system. If an overcurrent problem occurs in the circuit and is not solved in time, the devices in the circuit will be damaged, causing serious loss. At present, the vehicle power distribution system mostly uses a fuse type fuse for overcurrent protection, but the control is not flexible enough, and the overcurrent fuse needs to be replaced manually after blowing; some vehicles use electronic fuse, but its cost is relatively high, and due to its own structure, it needs to switch between main power supply and normal power supply mode, resulting in transient voltage drop, which may cause abnormal power-on of the controller or false alarm of the voltage monitor. SUMMARY

[0006] To solve the above technical problems, the present disclosure provides a power supply circuit and a vehicle.

[0007] In a first aspect, the embodiments of the present disclosure provide a power supply circuit, comprising: a detection module, a first switch unit and a second switch unit;

[0008] The detection module is electrically connected between a power supply and a load, and is configured to detect an access voltage of the power supply circuit.

[0009] The first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply, the load and the second switch unit respectively, and the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module and the first switch unit respectively, and is configured to control the first switch unit to connect or disconnect the power supply and the load based on the size of the access voltage.

[0010] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further comprises a switch control module.

[0011] The switch control module comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit; a first end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply; a second end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the load; a control end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch unit; a second end of the second switch unit is grounded; and a control end of the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module.

[0012] The detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being greater than a threshold voltage of the detection module; and the detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the detection module.

[0013] The second switch unit switches to an off state after receiving the first level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be off; and the second switch unit switches to an on state after receiving the second level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be on.

[0014] In some embodiments, the detection module comprises a sampling resistor and a third switch unit; a first end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected with the power supply and a first end of the third switch unit; a second end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the first switch unit and a control end of the third switch unit; a second end of the third switch unit is grounded through a voltage dividing resistor; and the second end of the third switch unit is electrically connected with the switch control module.

[0015] The detection module is configured to detect an access voltage across the sampling resistor; the detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being greater than a threshold voltage of the third switch unit; and the detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit.

[0016] The threshold voltage of the third switch unit is the threshold voltage of the detection module.

[0017] In some embodiments, the detection module further comprises a threshold adjustment unit.

[0018] The threshold adjustment unit is electrically connected between the second end of the sampling resistor and the control end of the third switch unit.

[0019] The detection module is configured to detect an access total voltage across the sampling resistor and the threshold adjustment unit.

[0020] The detection module generates a first level signal based on the access total voltage being greater than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module; and the detection module generates a second level signal based on the access total voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module.

[0021] In some embodiments, the second switch unit comprises an N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor.

[0022] In some embodiments, the second switch unit comprises an N-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor.

[0023] The detection module further comprises a NOT gate, which is connected in series between the second end of the third switch unit and the control end of the second switch unit.

[0024] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further comprises a waveform adjustment module.

[0025] The waveform adjustment module is electrically connected between the second end of the third switch unit and the control end of the second switch unit, and is configured to adjust the waveform of the level signal output by the detection module.

[0026] The level signal comprises a first level signal and a second level signal.

[0027] In some embodiments, the waveform adjustment module comprises a fourth switch unit and a fifth switch unit.

[0028] The control end of the fourth switch unit is electrically connected to the second end of the third switch unit, the first end of the fourth switch unit is electrically connected to the control end of the fifth switch unit, the first end of the fifth switch unit is electrically connected to a power supply end, the second end of the fourth switch unit and the second end of the fifth switch unit are grounded, and the second end of the fourth switch unit is further electrically connected to the control end of the second switch unit.

[0029] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further comprises a delay module.

[0030] The delay module is electrically connected between the detection module and the switch control module.

[0031] The delay module is configured to filter out transient interference signals in the circuit and delay the turn-off time of the switch control module.

[0032] In some embodiments, the power supply circuit further comprises a logic judgment circuit.

[0033] The logic judgment circuit comprises a first input end, a second input end and an output end; the first input end is electrically connected with the output end of the detection module; the second input end is electrically connected with an external controller; and the output end is electrically connected with the switch control module.

[0034] The external controller is configured to detect a power supply current in the power supply circuit and judge whether an overcurrent fault exists in the power supply circuit according to the power supply current; and the logic judgment circuit generates the first level signal or the second level signal in combination with a level signal output by the detection module and a judgment result of the external controller, and sends the first level signal or the second level signal to the switch control module.

[0035] In a second aspect, the present disclosure further provides a vehicle comprising the power supply circuit provided in the first aspect.

[0036] Compared with the prior art, the technical solution provided by the present disclosure has the following advantages:

[0037] The power supply circuit provided by the present disclosure comprises a detection module and a switch control module; the switch control module is electrically connected between a power supply and a load, and the detection module is electrically connected between the power supply and the load; the switch control module comprises a first switch unit and a second switch unit; a first end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply; a second end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the load; a control end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch unit; a second end of the second switch unit is grounded; a control end of the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module; the detection module is configured to detect an access voltage of the power supply circuit; the detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being greater than a threshold voltage of the detection module; the detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on the access voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the detection module; the second switch unit switches to an off state after receiving the first level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be off; and the second switch unit switches to an on state after receiving the second level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be on.

[0038] When an overcurrent problem occurs in the power supply circuit, the current in the power supply circuit increases, the voltage detected by the detection module correspondingly increases, and is greater than the threshold voltage, so that the first level signal is generated and transmitted to the second switch unit of the switch control module, the second switch unit is off, and the first switch unit is controlled to be off to disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. When the power supply circuit is normal, the second switch unit is in a normal open state, and the normal power supply demand of the load is met. The protection circuit provided by the present disclosure increases the automatic overcurrent protection function, and has low cost and stable main power supply normal on ability. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0039] The accompanying drawings, which are incorporated herein and constitute part of the specification, illustrate embodiments consistent with the present disclosure and serve to explain the principles of the present disclosure together with the specification.

[0040] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present disclosure or the prior art, the accompanying drawings required by the description of the embodiments or the prior art will be briefly introduced. Obviously, for those skilled in the field, other drawings can also be obtained based on these drawings without creative labor.

[0041] Fig. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0042] Fig. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0043] Fig. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0044] Fig. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0045] Fig. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0046] Fig. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0047] Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0048] Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0049] Fig. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure.

[0050] Among them, 10, detection module; 11, threshold adjustment unit; 12, NOT gate; 20, switch control module; 21, first switch unit; 22, second switch unit; 30, waveform adjustment module; 40, delay module; 50, logic judgment circuit; Rt, sampling resistor; D1, first diode; D2, second diode; Q1, first switch element; Q2, second switch element; Q3, third switch unit; Q4, fourth switch unit; Q5, fifth switch unit. Specific embodiments

[0051] In order to more clearly understand the above-mentioned purposes, features and advantages of the present disclosure, the scheme of the present disclosure will be further described below. It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure and the features in the embodiments can be combined with each other without conflict.

[0052] Many specific details are set forth in the following description in order to provide a thorough understanding of the present disclosure. However, the present disclosure can be practiced according to other embodiments that do not require some of the specific details described below. It is understood that the present disclosure is well suited to implementing techniques described herein, but the description is presented for purposes of illustration rather than limitation.

[0053] Embodiment one

[0054] The embodiment of the present disclosure provides a power supply circuit, which comprises a detection module, a first switch unit and a second switch unit.

[0055] The detection module is electrically connected between a power supply and a load, and is used for detecting an access voltage of the power supply circuit.

[0056] The first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply, the load and the second switch unit respectively, and the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module and the first switch unit respectively, and is used for controlling the first switch unit to connect or disconnect the power supply and the load based on the size of the access voltage.

[0057] In some embodiments, FIG. 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a power supply circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 1, the power supply circuit comprises a detection module 10 and a switch control module 20. The switch control module 20 is electrically connected between a power supply and a load, and the detection module 10 is electrically connected between the power supply and the load.

[0058] The switch control module 20 comprises a first switch unit 21 and a second switch unit 22; a first end of the first switch unit 21 is electrically connected with the power supply; a second end of the first switch unit 21 is electrically connected with the load; a control end of the first switch unit 21 is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch unit 22; a second end of the second switch unit 22 is grounded; and a control end of the second switch unit 22 is electrically connected with the detection module 10.

[0059] The detection module 10 is used for detecting an access voltage of the power supply circuit; the detection module 10 generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module 20 based on that the access voltage is greater than a threshold voltage of the detection module 10; and the detection module 10 generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module 20 based on that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the detection module 10.

[0060] The second switch unit 22 switches to an off state after receiving the first level signal, and controls the first switch unit 21 to be off; and the second switch unit 22 switches to an on state after receiving the second level signal, and controls the first switch unit 21 to be on.

[0061] The power supply circuit comprises a detection module 10 and a switch control module 20, wherein the switch control module 20 and the detection module 10 are electrically connected between the power supply circuit and the load, the power supply is electrically connected with the input end of the detection module 10, and the output end of the detection module 10 is electrically connected with the switch control module 20. The detection module 10 comprises a first output end and a second output end, the switch control module 20 comprises a first switch unit 21 and a second switch unit 22, the first output end of the detection module 10 is electrically connected with the first end of the first switch unit 21, the second end of the first switch unit 21 is electrically connected with the load, the control end of the first switch unit 21 is electrically connected with the first end of the second switch unit 22, the second end of the second switch unit 22 is grounded, and the control end of the second switch unit 22 is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10.

[0062] The current provided by the power supply is transmitted to the first switch unit 21 through the detection module 10, the working state of the first switch unit 21 is controlled by the second switch unit 22, when the first switch unit 21 is switched to the on state, the power supply supplies power to the load, when the first switch unit 21 is switched to the off state, the power supply stops supplying power to the load. The working state of the second switch unit 22 is controlled by the detection module 10, and the detection module 10 is used for detecting the access voltage of the power supply circuit. When the access voltage detected by the detection module 10 is greater than the threshold voltage of the detection module 10, it represents that the voltage in the power supply circuit is high and the current is too large, the detection module 10 generates a first level signal and outputs it to the second switch unit 22 of the switch control module 20, so as to control the second switch unit 22 to switch to the off state, and then control the first switch unit 21 to be off. When the detection module 10 detects that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the detection module 10, it represents that the voltage in the power supply circuit is normal and the current is normal, the detection module 10 generates a second level signal and outputs it to the second switch unit 22 of the switch control module 20, so as to control the second switch unit 22 to switch to the on state, and then control the first switch unit 21 to be on.

[0063] Exemplarily, FIG. 2 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 2, the first switch unit 21 includes a first switch element Q1, for example, a P-channel enhancement-mode field effect transistor (PMOS). The second switch unit 22 includes a second switch element Q2, for example, an N-channel depletion-mode field effect transistor (NMOS). The first switch element Q1 is turned on at a low level, and the second switch element Q2 is always on and switched to an off state when the control end receives a high level signal. Specifically, when the power supply normally supplies power to the load, the second switch element Q2 is always on, the control end of the first switch element Q1 is pulled low, the first switch element Q1 is turned on, and the current provided by the power supply flows through the detection module 10 and the first switch element Q1 to the load to supply power to the load. At the same time, the detection module 10 also detects the access voltage in the power supply circuit. When the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage, it can be considered that the voltage in the current power supply circuit is normal, the supply current is also normal, and there is no overcurrent problem. The detection module 10 outputs a second level signal, i.e., a low level signal, the second switch element Q2 is an N-channel depletion-mode field effect transistor and is turned on under the action of the low level signal, continuously pulls the control end of the first switch element Q1 low, and turns on the first switch element Q1. At this time, the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage. If the detection module 10 detects that the access voltage is greater than the threshold voltage during the power supply process, it can be considered that the voltage in the current power supply circuit is high, the supply current is also high, and an overcurrent problem occurs. The detection module 10 outputs a first level signal, i.e., a high level signal, and under the action of the high level signal, the second switch element Q2 is switched to an off state, the first switch element Q1 is thus turned off, and the power supply stops supplying power to the load to avoid damaging the electronic devices in the circuit by continuing to supply power. Until the supply current decreases, the detection module 10 detects that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage, the first switch element Q1 is turned on again, and the power supply resumes supplying power to the load. The stable main power supply always on requirement of the load can be met, and the user does not need to manually control to achieve the protection effect of the circuit.

[0064] When the power supply circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure has an overcurrent problem, the current in the power supply circuit increases, the voltage detected by the detection module also increases and is greater than the threshold voltage, thereby generating a first level signal transmitted to the second switch unit of the switch control module, the second switch unit is turned off, and the first switch unit is controlled to be turned off to disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the load. When the power supply circuit is normal, the second switch unit is always on to meet the constant power supply requirement of the load. The protection circuit provided by the embodiment of the present disclosure increases the automatic overcurrent protection function and has a low cost, and has a stable main power supply always on capability.

[0065] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific electronic devices and structures in the power supply circuit, which can be selected according to actual needs. The threshold voltage of the detection module is set according to the model of the electronic device of the detection module, which can be adjusted according to actual needs.

[0066] Embodiment two

[0067] In some embodiments, FIG. 3 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 3, on the basis of embodiment one, the detection module 10 in the embodiment one of the present application can include a sampling resistor Rt and a third switch unit Q3; the first end of the sampling resistor Rt is electrically connected with the power supply and the first end of the third switch unit Q3, the second end of the sampling resistor Rt is electrically connected with the first end of the first switch unit 21 and the control end of the third switch unit Q3; the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is grounded through a voltage dividing resistor Ra; the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is electrically connected with the switch control module;

[0068] The detection module 10 is used to detect the access voltage between the two ends of the sampling resistor Rt; the detection module 10 generates a first level signal based on the access voltage being greater than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3 and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module 20; the detection module 10 generates a second level signal based on the access voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3 and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module 20;

[0069] The threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3 is the threshold voltage of the detection module 10.

[0070] Exemplarily, the detection module 10 includes a sampling resistor Rt and a third switch unit Q3, the sampling resistor Rt is connected in series in the power supply circuit, the first end of the sampling resistor Rt is electrically connected with the power supply and the first end of the third switch unit Q3, the second end of the sampling resistor Rt is electrically connected with the first end of the first switch unit 21 and the control end of the third switch unit Q3, and the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is grounded through a voltage dividing resistor Ra. When the power supply current flows through the sampling resistor Rt, a voltage drop will be generated between the two ends of the sampling resistor Rt, and the first end and the control end of the third switch unit Q3 are respectively electrically connected between the two ends of the sampling resistor Rt, so that the access voltage between the two ends of the sampling resistor Rt can be detected. For example, the third switch unit Q3 is set as a PNP type triode, and the V EB The turn-on threshold is related to the model, for example, the V EBWhen the turn-on threshold is 0.6V, the threshold voltage of the detection module 10 is 0.6V, and the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3 is the threshold voltage of the detection module 10. When the access voltage between the sampling resistor Rt is less than 0.6V, it represents that the voltage in the power supply circuit is normal, the current is normal, the third switch unit Q3 is in the off state, the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is grounded and is pulled low to the low level. And the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is electrically connected with the control end of the second switch unit 22 of the switch control module 20, so that the second level signal received by the control end of the second switch unit 22 is low level. After the second switch unit 22 receives the second level signal, it is switched to the on state to control the first switch unit 21 to be on, and the power supply normally supplies power to the load. If the access voltage between the sampling resistor Rt is greater than 0.6V, it represents that the voltage in the power supply circuit is high, the current is overcurrent, the third switch unit Q3 is in the on state, and the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is pulled high by the power supply. Therefore, the first level signal received by the control end of the second switch unit 22 is high level, and the second switch unit 22 is switched to the off state after receiving the first level signal to control the first switch unit 21 to be off, and the power supply stops supplying power to the load.

[0071] When the voltage detected by the third switch unit is greater than the threshold voltage, a first level signal is generated and transmitted to the second switch unit of the switch control module, the second switch unit is off, and the first switch unit is off to disconnect the electrical connection between the power supply and the load, thereby avoiding continuous power supply and causing circuit damage. When the third switch unit detects that the voltage is less than the threshold voltage, the power supply circuit is normal, the second switch unit is in the always-on state, and the normal power supply demand of the load is met. Therefore, the overcurrent protection of the power supply circuit can be automatically performed, and the ability of the power supply circuit to stably and normally supply power can be improved.

[0072] In some optional embodiments, the third switch unit can also be a P-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor, and the specific switch type can be selected according to actual needs, and the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit this.

[0073] Embodiment three

[0074] In some embodiments, FIG. 4 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure, referring to FIG. 4, on the basis of the embodiments one or two, the detection module 10 in the embodiment one further includes a threshold adjustment unit 11. The threshold adjustment unit 11 is electrically connected between the second end of the sampling resistor Rt and the control end of the third switch unit Q3.

[0075] The detection module 10 is configured to detect the access total voltage across the sampling resistor Rt and the threshold adjustment unit 11. The detection module 10 generates a first level signal to the switch control module 20 based on the access total voltage being greater than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3. The detection module 10 generates a second level signal to the switch control module 20 based on the access total voltage being less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3.

[0076] Exemplarily, the detection module 10 further comprises a threshold adjustment unit 11. A first end of the threshold adjustment unit 11 is electrically connected between the second end of the sampling resistor Rt and the first end of the first switch unit 21. A second end of the threshold adjustment unit 11 is electrically connected between the control end of the third switch unit Q3 and the voltage dividing resistor. After the threshold adjustment unit 11 is provided, the detection module 10 is configured to detect the access total voltage across the sampling resistor Rt and the threshold adjustment unit 11. For example, the threshold adjustment unit 11 comprises a first diode D1 and a second diode D2. When the power supply supplies power to the load, the total voltage generated across the sampling resistor Rt, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is the access total voltage detected by the detection module 10. For example, the third switch unit Q3 is a PNP type transistor, the threshold voltage of the third switch unit Q3 is 0.6V, and the conduction voltage of the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is 0.2V. When the voltage across the sampling resistor Rt is less than 0.2V, the total voltage generated across the sampling resistor Rt, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is less than the threshold voltage 0.6V, which represents that the voltage and the current in the power supply circuit are normal, the third switch unit Q3 is in an off state, the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is grounded and pulled low, the second level signal received by the control end of the second switch unit 22 is low, the second switch unit 22 is switched to an on state after receiving the second level signal, the first switch unit 21 is controlled to be on, and the power supply normally supplies power to the load. If the voltage across the sampling resistor Rt is greater than 0.2V, the total voltage generated across the sampling resistor Rt, the first diode D1 and the second diode D2 is greater than the threshold voltage 0.6V, which represents that the voltage in the power supply circuit is high and the current is overcurrent, the third switch unit Q3 is in an on state, the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is pulled high by the power supply, the first level signal received by the control end of the second switch unit 22 is high, the second switch unit 22 is switched to an off state after receiving the first level signal, the first switch unit 21 is controlled to be off, and the power supply stops supplying power to the load.

[0077] Therefore, the threshold adjustment unit 11 can adjust the overcurrent protection threshold of the power supply circuit. In the case where the third switch unit Q3 remains unchanged, if the threshold for starting overcurrent protection needs to be low, the voltage of the threshold adjustment unit 11 can be adjusted to be high, and if the threshold for starting overcurrent protection needs to be high, the voltage of the threshold adjustment unit 11 can be adjusted to be low.

[0078] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific electronic elements and structures in the threshold adjustment unit, and the above-mentioned diode is only an example, which can be set according to actual needs.

[0079] Embodiment four

[0080] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 2, on the basis of any one of the embodiments of embodiment one, embodiment two and embodiment three, the second switch unit 22 in the embodiment one of the present application comprises an N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor.

[0081] Exemplarily, the second switch unit 22 comprises a second switch element Q2, which is set as an N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor (NMOS) for example. The first switch unit 21 comprises a first switch element Q1, which is set as a P-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor (PMOS) for example. The third switch unit Q3 is a PNP type transistor. The first switch element Q1 is low-level on, and the second switch element Q2 is in a normally open state, and is switched to an off state when the control end receives a high-level signal. The specific working process can be referred to the above-mentioned embodiments, which will not be described here.

[0082] Since the power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure is applied in a normal power supply scenario, the power supply circuit should be in a normal power supply state, and the N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor is in a normally open state. When the second switch element Q2 is an N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor, the first end of the second switch element Q2 is electrically connected with the first switch element Q1, the second end of the second switch element Q2 is grounded, and the control end of the second switch element Q2 does not need to be connected with a signal. The second switch element Q2 is in a conductive state, thereby controlling the first switch element Q1 to be conductive, and the power supply supplies power to the load. Sampling the N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor can reduce the power consumption of the circuit, and the power supply circuit can be controlled to be conductive without power supply.

[0083] Embodiment five

[0084] In some embodiments, FIG. 5 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 5, on the basis of any one of the embodiments of embodiment one, embodiment two and embodiment three, the second switch unit 22 in the embodiment one of the present application comprises an N-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor.

[0085] The detection module 10 further comprises a NOT gate 12; the NOT gate 12 is connected in series between the second end of the third switch unit Q3 and the control end of the second switch unit 22.

[0086] Exemplarily, the second switch unit 22 includes a second switch element Q2 which is an N-channel enhancement-mode field effect transistor (NMOS), and the first switch unit 21 includes a first switch element Q1 which is, for example, a P-channel enhancement-mode field effect transistor (PMOS). The third switch unit Q3 is a PNP-type triode. The first switch element Q1 is low-level on, and the second switch element Q2 is high-level on, and is switched to an off state when the control end receives a low-level signal. Thus, the detection module 10 also needs to be provided with a NOT gate 12 which is connected in series between the second end of the third switch unit Q3 and the control end of the second switch unit 22, for converting the signal.

[0087] Specifically, when the power supply normally supplies power to the load, the second switch element Q2 needs to be in a normally-on state, the control end of the first switch element Q1 is pulled low, the first switch element Q1 is turned on, and the current provided by the power supply flows through the detection module 10 and the first switch element Q1 to the load to supply power to the load. The detection module 10 also detects the access voltage in the power supply circuit, and when the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage, it can be considered that the voltage in the current power supply circuit is normal, and the supply current is also normal, and there is no overcurrent problem. The detection module 10 outputs a second-level signal, which is a high-level signal here, and the second switch element Q2 is an N-channel enhancement-mode field effect transistor which is turned on under the action of the high-level signal, continuously pulls the control end of the first switch element Q1 low, and turns on the first switch element Q1. The second end of the third switch unit Q3 outputs a low level, and thus the NOT gate 12 needs to be connected to convert the low-level signal to a high-level signal and output it to the second switch unit 22. If, during power supply, the detection module 10 detects that the access voltage is greater than the threshold voltage, it can be considered that the voltage in the current power supply circuit is relatively high, and the supply current is also relatively high, and an overcurrent problem occurs. The detection module 10 outputs a first-level signal, which is a low-level signal here, and under the action of the low-level signal, the second switch element Q2 is switched to an off state, and the first switch element Q1 is thus turned off, and the power supply stops supplying power to the load, thereby avoiding continued power supply from damaging electronic devices in the circuit. Since the second end of the third switch unit Q3 outputs a high level, the NOT gate 12 needs to be connected to convert the high-level signal to a low-level signal and output it to the second switch unit 22. Until the supply current decreases and the detection module 10 detects that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage, the first switch element Q1 is turned on again, and the power supply resumes supplying power to the load. The stable main power supply normal-on requirement of the load can be met, and the user does not need to manually control, and the protection of the circuit can be achieved.

[0088] Embodiment Six

[0089] In some embodiments, FIG. 6 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. With reference to FIG. 6, on the basis of any one of the embodiments of the first embodiment, the second embodiment, the third embodiment, the fourth embodiment, and the fifth embodiment, the power supply circuit according to the embodiment of the present disclosure further includes a waveform adjustment module 30.

[0090] The waveform adjustment module 30 is electrically connected between the second end of the third switching unit Q3 and the control end of the second switching unit 22. The waveform adjustment module 30 is configured to adjust the waveform of the level signal output by the detection module 10. The level signal includes a first level signal and a second level signal.

[0091] For example, the third switching unit Q3 includes a PNP triode, the emitter of the PNP triode is the first end, the collector is the second end, and the base is the control end. When the current in the power supply circuit is too large, the voltage across the sampling resistor Rt increases, the BE junction of the third switching unit Q3 satisfies the conduction condition, and is turned on under the action of the increasing current, so that the CE between the third switching unit Q3 is turned on, and the level signal at the second end of the third switching unit Q3 is pulled high by the power supply. The first level signal output by the detection module 10 when the circuit is overcurrent is a high level signal. However, due to the characteristics of the PNP triode, the rising or falling slope of the generated first level signal is relatively slow, and the rising or falling is relatively slow, which may fluctuate within a range, which is not conducive to accurately controlling the disconnection of the power supply circuit, and may cause the circuit to frequently switch between the on and off states. Therefore, the present embodiment further provides the waveform adjustment module 30, the input end of the waveform adjustment module 30 is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10, that is, the second end of the third switching unit Q3, and the output end of the waveform adjustment module 30 is electrically connected with the control end of the second switching unit 22 of the switching control module 20. The level signal output by the detection module 10 is input to the second switching unit 22 after being adjusted in the waveform adjustment module 30. The waveform adjustment module 30 can make the rising and falling edges of the level signal output by the detection module 10 more steep, avoid the non-monotonic risk when the rising and falling edges are slow, and avoid oscillation.

[0092] In some embodiments, with continued reference to FIG. 6, the waveform adjustment module 30 in the sixth embodiment of the present application includes a fourth switching unit Q4 and a fifth switching unit Q5.

[0093] The control end of the fourth switching unit Q4 is electrically connected with the second end of the third switching unit Q3. The first end of the fourth switching unit Q4 is electrically connected with the control end of the fifth switching unit Q5. The first end of the fifth switching unit Q5 is electrically connected with the power supply end. The second end of the fourth switching unit Q4 and the second end of the fifth switching unit Q5 are grounded. The second end of the fourth switching unit Q4 is further electrically connected with the control end of the second switching unit 22.

[0094] Exemplarily, the third switch unit Q3 includes a PNP triode, and the rising edge or the falling edge of the level signal generated by the third switch unit Q3 is relatively slow and may fluctuate within a range, which is not conducive to accurately control the power supply circuit to be disconnected, and may cause the circuit to frequently switch between the on state and the off state, so the level signal is transmitted to the waveform adjustment module 30, and the problem is improved by the waveform adjustment module 30. The waveform adjustment module 30 includes a fourth switch unit Q4 and a fifth switch unit Q5. For example, the fourth switch unit Q4 is an N-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor and is turned on at a high level; and the fifth switch unit Q5 is a PNP triode and is turned on at a low level. The control end of the fourth switch unit Q4 is electrically connected to the second end of the third switch unit Q3, that is, electrically connected to the second output end of the detection module 10, to receive the level signal output by the detection module 10. The first end of the fourth switch unit Q4 is electrically connected to the control end of the fifth switch unit Q5, and the second end of the fourth switch unit Q4 is grounded. The first end of the fifth switch unit Q5 is electrically connected to the power supply end, the second end of the fifth switch unit Q5 is grounded, and the second end of the fifth switch unit Q5 is also electrically connected to the output end of the waveform adjustment module 30, and then electrically connected to the second switch unit 22 of the switch control module 20. The fourth switch unit Q4 receives the level signal of the third switch unit Q3, and forms a pulse signal similar to a square wave, and the rising edge or the falling edge is steeper, and then is transmitted to the fifth switch unit Q5 to control the fifth switch unit Q5 to be turned on or turned off. The level signal transmitted by the fifth switch unit Q5 to the switch control module 20 can improve the overall response speed and improve the control accuracy, and avoid the switch control unit 20 being frequently triggered.

[0095] When the power supply circuit is overcurrent, the voltage on the sampling resistor Rt increases, the third switch unit Q3 is turned on, and the second end of the third switch unit Q3 is pulled high by the power supply, so that the control end of the fourth switch unit Q4 receives a high level signal, the fourth switch unit Q4 is turned on, the first end of the fourth switch unit Q4 is pulled low, and a low level signal is output to the fifth switch unit Q5, the fifth switch unit Q5 is turned on, and the level signal at the second end of the fifth switch unit Q5 is pulled high, and the waveform adjustment module 30 outputs a high level signal.

[0096] At this point, the first level signal output by the detection module 10 remains unchanged after passing through the waveform adjustment module 30, but the rising edge or the falling edge of the output level signal is steeper, which avoids the risk of non-monotonicity when the rising edge and the falling edge are slow, avoids oscillation, and can accurately control the on-off of the power supply circuit.

[0097] It should be noted that the specific structure and device type in the waveform adjustment module are not limited in the embodiments of the present disclosure, and the waveform can be adjusted according to actual requirements to meet the requirements. The above embodiments are only one optional implementation.

[0098] Embodiment seven

[0099] In some embodiments, Fig. 7 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to Fig. 7, on the basis of any one of the embodiments of the embodiment one, the embodiment two, the embodiment three, the embodiment four, the embodiment five, the embodiment six, the power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further comprises a delay module 40.

[0100] The delay module 40 is electrically connected between the detection module 10 and the switch control module 20.

[0101] The delay module 40 is used to filter out transient interference signals in the circuit and delay the turn-off time of the switch control module 20.

[0102] Exemplarily, the delay module 40 can also be arranged in the power supply circuit, the input end of the delay module 40 is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10, and the output end of the delay module 40 is electrically connected with the control end of the second switch unit 22 of the switch control module 20. For example, the delay module 40 comprises an RC circuit, and the RC circuit comprises a capacitor and a resistor. The level signal output by the detection module 10 passes through the delay module 40, in the delay module 40, the RC circuit can filter out the interference signals in the level signal, and can play a time delay role, avoiding the occurrence of transient high current in the power supply circuit in the case that the detection module 10 outputs the first level signal and controls the power supply circuit to be disconnected.

[0103] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific circuit structure in the delay module 40, which can be selected according to actual needs, and the above embodiments are only illustrative.

[0104] Embodiment eight

[0105] In some embodiments, Fig. 8 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure. Referring to Fig. 8, on the basis of any one of the embodiments of the embodiment one, the embodiment two, the embodiment three, the embodiment four, the embodiment five, the embodiment six, the embodiment seven, the power supply circuit provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure further comprises a logic judgment circuit 50.

[0106] The logic judgment circuit 50 comprises a first input end, a second input end and an output end; the first input end is electrically connected with the output end of the detection module 10; the second input end is electrically connected with an external controller; and the output end is electrically connected with the switch control module 20.

[0107] The external controller is used to detect the power supply current in the power supply circuit, and judge whether there is an overcurrent fault in the power supply circuit according to the power supply current; the logic judgment circuit 50 generates the first level signal or the second level signal in combination with the level signal output by the detection module 10 and the judgment result of the external controller, and sends the first level signal or the second level signal to the switch control module 20.

[0108] The power supply circuit further comprises a logic judgment circuit 50, which comprises a first input end, a second input end and an output end. The first input end is electrically connected with the output end of the detection module 10. The second input end is electrically connected with an external controller. The output end is electrically connected with the switch control module 20. The external controller is, for example, an MCU (Microcontroller Unit). The MCU is used to detect the power supply current in the power supply circuit, and judge whether the power supply circuit has an overcurrent fault according to the power supply current. For example, the MCU receives the level signal output by the second output end of the detection module 10, and judges whether the current power supply circuit has an overcurrent according to the type of the level signal. In some optional embodiments, the MCU can also directly detect the current in the power supply circuit, and judge whether the circuit has an overcurrent through the current value. The external controller judges whether the circuit has a fault through a software program.

[0109] The logic judgment circuit 50 provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure comprises a first input end and a second input end. The first input end of the logic judgment circuit 50 is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10, and receives the level signal output by the detection module 10. The second input end of the logic judgment circuit 50 is electrically connected with the external controller, and receives the judgment result of the external controller. Then, the logic judgment circuit 50 generates a first level signal or a second level signal in combination with the level signal output by the detection module 10 and the judgment result of the external controller, and sends the first level signal or the second level signal to the switch control module 20.

[0110] In some optional embodiments, the logic judgment circuit 50 comprises an AND gate. The first input end of the AND gate is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10, and receives the level signal output by the detection module 10. The second input end of the AND gate is electrically connected with the external controller, and receives the judgment result of the external controller. When both of them judge that there is an overcurrent, the AND gate outputs a first level signal to the switch control module 20, thereby improving the accuracy of the judgment result.

[0111] In some optional embodiments, the logic judgment circuit 50 comprises an OR gate. The first input end of the OR gate is electrically connected with the second output end of the detection module 10, and receives the level signal output by the detection module 10. The second input end of the OR gate is electrically connected with the external controller, and receives the judgment result of the external controller. When any of the judgment results is an overcurrent, the OR gate outputs a first level signal to the switch control module 20, thereby improving the speed of the judgment.

[0112] It should be noted that the embodiments of the present disclosure do not limit the specific circuit structure of the logic judgment circuit, which can be selected according to actual needs. The above is only an example for illustration.

[0113] In some other embodiments, the power supply circuit provided by various embodiments of the present application further comprises an alarm module, the second output end of the detection module is electrically connected with the alarm module, and when the circuit overflows, the alarm module receives the first level signal output by the detection module and performs alarming. The specific alarming mode can be set according to actual requirements, such as light alarm, voice alarm, etc.

[0114] Exemplarily, FIG. 9 is a structural schematic diagram of another power supply circuit provided by an embodiment of the present disclosure. Referring to FIG. 9, the first switching element Q1 is a PMOS, the second switching element Q2 is an NMOS, the third switching element Q3 is a PNP, the fourth switching element Q4 is an NMOS, and the fifth switching element Q5 is a PNP. The first switching element Q1 and the fourth switching element Q4 are enhancement-mode field effect tubes, and the second switching element Q2 is a depletion-mode field effect tube. The first end and the control end of the first switching element Q1 further have the first resistor R1 in parallel, which is used to consume charges when the first switching element Q1 is disconnected, so as to improve the speed of the first switching element Q1 being turned off.

[0115] When the power supply current of the power supply circuit is normal, the current provided by the power supply reaches the first switching element Q1 through the sampling resistor Rt, the second switching element Q2 is in an always-on state without signal control, the control end of the first switching element Q1 is pulled low, the first switching element Q1 is turned on, and then the power supply can supply power to the load. When the power supply circuit overflows, the voltage across the sampling resistor Rt increases, the third switching element Q3 is turned on, the second end of the third switching element Q3 is at a high level, the fourth switching element Q4 is turned on, the control end of the fifth switching element Q5 is pulled low, the fifth switching element Q5 is turned on, the second end of the fifth switching element Q5 is pulled high by the 5V power supply end, and the first level signal (high level) is output to the second switching element 22 of the switch control module 20. The second switching element Q2 is switched to an off state under the action of the first level signal, and then the first switching element Q1 is disconnected, the power supply stops supplying power to the load, and the purpose of overcurrent protection is achieved. Once the power supply current in the power supply circuit returns to normal, the second switching element Q2 also returns to the always-on state, the control end of the first switching element Q1 is pulled low, the first switching element Q1 is turned on, and the power supply continues to supply power to the load.

[0116] By using the above circuit structure, the small-capacity depletion-mode MOS (second switching element) is used to realize the continuous driving of the first switching element without the intervention of the controller, the normal power supply and the main power supply switching are not needed, the normal power supply of the circuit is realized, and there is no voltage drop in the power supply switching when the load power suddenly increases. Moreover, only when the overcurrent fault occurs, a certain range of large power consumption is generated, and when the power supply circuit works normally, almost no power consumption is generated, so that the entire circuit has ultra-low sleep power consumption, and the static power consumption is only about 50uA according to the circuit simulation calculation. Moreover, the interface of the existing hardware circuit is less affected, the realizability is strong, the structure is simple, and the cost is low.

[0117] Embodiment Nine

[0118] The vehicle provided by the embodiments of the present disclosure can be a fuel automobile, a pure electric vehicle, or a hybrid electric vehicle, and the like, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not specifically limited thereto.

[0119] It should be noted that the vehicle described in the embodiments of the present disclosure can be a fuel automobile, a pure electric vehicle, or a hybrid electric vehicle, and the like, and the embodiments of the present disclosure are not specifically limited thereto.

[0120] It should be noted that, in the present document, the relationship terms such as "first" and "second" are merely used to distinguish one entity or operation from another entity or operation, and do not necessarily require or imply that there is any such actual relationship or order between these entities or operations. Moreover, the terms "include", "contain" or any other variants thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusion, so that the process, method, article or device including a series of elements not only includes those elements, but also includes other elements not explicitly listed or inherent to such process, method, article or device. Without more limitations, the element defined by the statement "including a" does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article or device including the element.

[0121] The above description is merely one specific implementation of the present disclosure, enabling those skilled in the art to understand or implement the present disclosure. Various modifications to these embodiments will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be implemented in other embodiments without departing from the spirit or scope of the present disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure will not be limited to these embodiments described herein, but will conform to the widest scope consistent with the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A power supply circuit, comprising: The detection module, the first switch unit and the second switch unit; The detection module is electrically connected between the power supply and the load, and is used for detecting an access voltage of the power supply circuit; The first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply, the load and the second switch unit respectively, and the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module and the first switch unit respectively, and is used for controlling the first switch unit to connect or disconnect the power supply and the load based on the size of the access voltage.

2. The power supply circuit of claim 1, wherein, The power supply circuit further comprises a switch control module; The switch control module comprises the first switch unit and the second switch unit; a first end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply; a second end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with the load; a control end of the first switch unit is electrically connected with a first end of the second switch unit; a second end of the second switch unit is grounded; and a control end of the second switch unit is electrically connected with the detection module; The detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on that the access voltage is greater than a threshold voltage of the detection module; and the detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the detection module; The second switch unit switches to an off state after receiving the first level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be off; and the second switch unit switches to an on state after receiving the second level signal, and controls the first switch unit to be on.

3. The power supply circuit according to claim 1 or 2, wherein The detection module comprises a sampling resistor and a third switch unit; a first end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected with the power supply and a first end of the third switch unit; a second end of the sampling resistor is electrically connected with a first end of the first switch unit and a control end of the third switch unit; a second end of the third switch unit is grounded through a voltage dividing resistor; and the second end of the third switch unit is electrically connected with the switch control module; The detection module is used for detecting an access voltage between the sampling resistor and the third switch unit; and the detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on that the access voltage is greater than a threshold voltage of the third switch unit; The detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on that the access voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit; The threshold voltage of the third switch unit is the threshold voltage of the detection module.

4. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 3, wherein The detection module further comprises a threshold adjustment unit; The threshold adjustment unit is electrically connected between the second end of the sampling resistor and the control end of the third switch unit; The detection module is used for detecting an access total voltage between the sampling resistor and the threshold adjustment unit; and the detection module generates a first level signal and outputs the first level signal to the switch control module based on that the access total voltage is greater than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit; The detection module generates a second level signal and outputs the second level signal to the switch control module based on that the access total voltage is less than the threshold voltage of the third switch unit. The second switch unit comprises an N-channel depletion mode field effect transistor.

5. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein The second switch unit comprises an N-channel enhancement mode field effect transistor; 6. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 4, wherein ​ The detection module further comprises a NOT gate; the NOT gate is connected in series between the second end of the third switch unit and the control end of the second switch unit.

7. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 6, wherein The power supply circuit further comprises a waveform adjustment module; The waveform adjustment module is electrically connected between the second end of the third switch unit and the control end of the second switch unit; The waveform adjustment module is configured to adjust the waveform of the level signal output by the detection module; The level signal comprises a first level signal and a second level signal.

8. The power supply circuit of claim 7, wherein, The waveform adjustment module comprises a fourth switch unit and a fifth switch unit; The control end of the fourth switch unit is electrically connected with the second end of the third switch unit; the first end of the fourth switch unit is electrically connected with the control end of the fifth switch unit; the first end of the fifth switch unit is electrically connected with the power supply end; the second end of the fourth switch unit and the second end of the fifth switch unit are grounded; the second end of the fourth switch unit is further electrically connected with the control end of the second switch unit.

9. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 8, wherein The power supply circuit further comprises a delay module; The delay module is electrically connected between the detection module and the switch control module; The delay module is configured to filter out transient interference signals in the circuit and delay the turn-off time of the switch control module.

10. The power supply circuit according to any one of claims 2 to 9, wherein The power supply circuit further comprises a logic judgment circuit; The logic judgment circuit comprises a first input end, a second input end and an output end; the first input end is electrically connected with the output end of the detection module; the second input end is electrically connected with an external controller; the output end is electrically connected with the switch control module; The external controller is configured to detect the power supply current in the power supply circuit and judge whether there is an overcurrent fault in the power supply circuit according to the power supply current; the logic judgment circuit generates the first level signal or the second level signal in combination with the level signal output by the detection module and the judgment result of the external controller and sends the signal to the switch control module.

11. A vehicle comprising the power supply circuit according to any one of claims 1 to 10.

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