Multispecific fusion proteins targeting angiogenic and inflammatory factors
Multispecific fusion proteins targeting Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF provide a comprehensive solution to inhibit angiogenic and inflammatory pathways, addressing the limitations of existing therapies and offering improved treatment for various pathological conditions.
Patent Information
- Application Number
- PCT/CN2025/110425
- Authority / Receiving Office
- WO · WO
- Patent Type
- Applications
- Current Assignee / Owner
- Priority Date
- 2024-08-19
- Filing Date
- 2025-07-24
- Publication Date
- 2026-02-26
AI Technical Summary
Existing treatments targeting vascular endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis, such as anti-VEGF therapy, are inadequate in completely blocking the progression of angiogenic diseases, and there is a need for a more comprehensive pharmacological means to inhibit the biological activities of angiogenic and inflammatory factors like Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF.
Development of multispecific fusion proteins comprising Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF-binding units, which can concurrently reduce or inhibit signaling transduction of these factors, including trispecific antibody fusion proteins with Ig-like domains of VEGF receptors and Fc domains.
The multispecific fusion proteins effectively inhibit Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF signaling, providing improved treatment options for conditions involving aberrant angiogenesis and inflammation, including ocular diseases, tumor growth, and chronic inflammatory disorders.
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Abstract
Description
MULTISPECIFIC FUSION PROTEINS TARGETING ANGIOGENIC AND INFLAMMATORY FACTORSBACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION
[0001] The present invention relates to multispecific fusion proteins targeting angiogenic and inflammatory factors. In particular, the present invention relates to multispecific fusion proteins targeting angiopoietin-2 ( “Ang-2” ) , certain members of the family of vascular endothelial growth factors ( “VEGF” ) , and interleukin-6 ( “IL-6” ) . More particularly, the present invention relates to multispecific antibody fusion proteins targeting Ang-2, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, PlGF, and IL-6. The present invention also relates to such fusion proteins, their uses, and processes for production.
[0002] The major cellular components of the mammalian vascular system are the endothelium, smooth muscle cells, and pericytes. Endothelial cells form the lining of the inner surface of all blood vessels in the mammal and constitute a non-thrombogenic interface between blood and tissue. Therefore, the proliferation of endothelial cells is an important component for the development of new capillaries and blood vessels which, in turn, is a necessary process for the growth and / or regeneration of mammalian tissues.
[0003] In recent decades, a variety of signaling molecules have been identified as playing important roles in angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability (vascular leakage) . These signaling molecules include members of the VEGF family ( “VEGF family members” ) , angiopoietins, ephrin, Delta-like 4 ligand, and certain members of the interleukin family (such as IL-3, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-17) . VEGF family members of secreted polypeptides have been shown to play an extremely important role in promoting endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis. A pathological feature of uncontrolled, excessive angiogenesis caused by VEGF over-expression is increased vascular permeability, which results in fluid leakage into, and swelling of, the surrounding tissues. In mammals, this family consists of five related growth factors having highly conserved receptor-binding structure: vascular endothelial growth factors A-D ( “VEGF-A, ” “VEGF-B, ” “VEGF-C, ” and “VEGF-D” ) and placental growth factor ( “PlGF” ) . In this disclosure, this family of growth factors is also referred to as the VEGF family.
[0004] The cytokine interleukin-6 ( “IL-6” ) plays an important role in host defense against environmental stress such as infection and injury. Under physiological conditions, IL-6 is barely detectable, but its levels can increase more than 100, 000-fold during early phase of inflammation. However, not all occurrences of IL-6 stimulation are beneficial. Dysregulated, persistent production of IL-6 has been implicated in the development of various autoimmune and chronic inflammatory diseases. There has been evidence that unchecked production of IL-6 in inflamed tissues induces excess production of VEGF-A and VEGF-C. The levels of circulating IL-6 have been shown to be elevated in diseases such as rheumatoid arthritis, Castleman’s disease, Juvenile idiopathic arthritis, and Crohn’s Disease. Furthermore, a variety of tumor types have been shown to be stimulated by IL-6 (Keller et al., Front. Biosci., 1: 340-57 (1996) ) , including melanoma, renal cell carcinoma, Kaposi’s sarcoma, ovarian carcinoma, lymphoma, leukaemia, multiple myeloma, and prostate carcinoma. In addition, increased circulating levels of IL-6 have been reported in several types of cancers.
[0005] The angiopoietin / Tie ligand / receptor system has a key regulatory role in regulating vascular integrity and quiescence. Besides its role in angiogenesis, it is an important regulator in numerous diseases including inflammation. Important members of the angiopoietin family are Ang-1 and Ang-2. Ang-1-mediated Tie-2 activation is required to maintain the quiescent resting state of the endothelium. Agonistic Ang-1 functions are antagonized by Ang-2, which is believed to inhibit Ang-1 / Tie-2 signaling. Ang-2 destabilizes the quiescent endothelium and primes it to respond to exogenous stimuli, thereby facilitating the activities of inflammatory and angiogenic cytokines. It has been shown that Ang-2 promotes the proangiogenic action of VEGF and that VEGF up-regulates Ang-2 expression in endothelial cells.
[0006] The VEGF-family growth factors act through a family of cognate receptor tyrosine kinases, which exist only on the surface of vascular endothelial cells, to stimulate formation of blood vessels: VEGF receptor-1 ( “VEGFR-1, ” also known as “flt-1” ) , VEGF receptor-2 ( “VEGFR-2, ” also known as “KDR” in humans and “flk-1” in mice) , VEGF receptor-3 ( “VEGFR-3, ” also known as “flt-4” ) .
[0007] VEGF-A (also sometimes simply referred to as VEGF) has emerged as the most important member of this family of growth factors. Human VEGF-A is expressed in a variety of tissues as multiple homodimeric forms (121, 145, 165, 183, 189 and 206 amino acids per monomer) . Human VEGF-B is expressed in homodimeric forms having 167 and 186 amino acid per monomer. Each form arises as a result of alternative splicing of a single RNA transcript.
[0008] Since VEGFs promote vascular endothelial cell proliferation and angiogenesis, they may be useful for the therapeutic treatment of numerous conditions in which a growth-promoting activity on the vascular endothelial cells is beneficially important; for example, in treatment of ulcers, vascular injuries, and myocardial infarction.
[0009] In contrast, however, while vascular endothelial proliferation is desirable under certain circumstances, vascular endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis are also undesirable components of a variety of diseases and disorders including tumor growth and metastasis, rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, atherosclerosis, diabetic retinopathy, retrolental fibroplasia, neovascular glaucoma, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, hemangiomas, immune rejection of transplanted corneal tissue and other tissues, and chronic inflammation. In individuals suffering from any of these disorders, one would want to inhibit, or at least substantially reduce, the endothelial proliferating activity of the aforementioned angiogenic factors.
[0010] Each of flt-1, KDR, and flt-4 tyrosine kinase receptors has seven extracellular immunoglobulin-like ( “Ig-like” ) domains that are available for ligand binding, a transmembrane domain that serves to anchor the receptor on the surface of cells in which it is expressed, and an intracellular catalytic tyrosine kinase domain. Flt-1 binds VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF. KDR binds VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D. Flt-4 binds VEGF-C and VEGF-D.
[0011] In view of the role of the growth factors of the VEGF family in vascular endothelial proliferation and angiogenesis, and the role that these processes play in many different diseases and disorders, treatments have been devised that target the control of these growth factors. However, anti-VEGF therapy alone has not been able to block completely the progression of angiogenic diseases.
[0012] Therefore, it is desirable to have a pharmacological means for more completely reducing or inhibiting one or more of the biological activities of these growth factors in patients whose pathological conditions are rooted in aberrant, excessive angiogenesis. It is also desirable to have a pharmacological means for improved treatment or control of pathological conditions that are rooted in aberrant, excessive angiogenesis.SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION
[0013] As used herein, the term “control” also includes reduction, alleviation, amelioration, or prevention.
[0014] In general, the present invention provides multispecific fusion or chimeric proteins, methods of producing and compositions comprising the same, and methods for treating or controlling at least a pathological condition in a subject, which condition has etiology in at least one of aberrant, excessive angiogenesis, increased vascular permeability (vascular leakage) , and inflammation. In this disclosure, a “fusion protein” may be referred to as a “chimeric protein” for its inclusion of components from different origins.
[0015] In particular, a multispecific fusion protein of the present invention comprises an Ang-2-binding unit, an IL-6-binding unit, and a VEGF-binding unit, all linked together. An Ang-2-binding unit is a polypeptide or protein that is capable of binding, or substantially binding, to Ang-2. An IL-6-binding unit is a polypeptide or protein that is capable of binding, or substantially binding, to IL-6. A VEGF-binding unit is a polypeptide or protein that is capable of binding, or substantially binding, to one or more VEGF family members.
[0016] In one aspect, such multispecific fusion protein is a multispecific antibody fusion protein.
[0017] In another aspect, such multispecific antibody fusion protein is a trispecific fusion protein.
[0018] In still another aspect, the present invention provides trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric proteins, or antigen-binding fragments, or antigen-binding domains thereof that are capable of binding substantially to Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members; thereby, concurrently reducing or inhibiting Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF family member signaling transduction.
[0019] In yet another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises Ang-2-, IL-6-, and VEGF-binding units that are linked together. Such binding units comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of antigen-binding domains or moieties that target Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members.
[0020] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises a VEGF / IL-6 binding unit that comprises a VEGF-binding unit linked to an IL-6-binding unit, and an Ang-2-binding unit linked to the VEGF / IL-6 binding unit.
[0021] The present invention also provides an antigen-binding fragment or antigen-binding domain of such fusion proteins.
[0022] In one aspect, the IL-6-binding unit comprises an IL-6 antibody.
[0023] In another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention comprises an antibody against IL-6, linked to an Ang-2-binding unit and a VEGF-binding unit. In yet another aspect, an Ang-2-binding unit comprises an antibody or a biologically active polypeptide that is capable of binding, or binding substantially, to Ang-2. In the present disclosure, the term “antibody” encompasses, without limitation, full-length antibodies, monoclonal antibodies, polyclonal antibodies, single-chain FV antibodies (scFV) , Fab antibodies, Fab’ antibodies, (Fab’ ) 2 antibodies, single-domain antibodies (sdAbs, also known as nanobodies) , minibodies, maxibodies, diabodies, and peptibodies.
[0024] In still another aspect, a VEGF-binding unit included in a trispecific antibody fusion protein comprises an Ig-like domain selected from the group consisting of Ig-like domains of one or more VEGF receptors. In one aspect, VEGF family members that bind to such VEGF-binding unit include VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF. In another aspect, such family members are VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF. In still another aspect, said VEGF-A and VEGF-B include all isoforms thereof. In yet another aspect, such family members are VEGF-A165, VEGF-B167, and PlGF. Thus, in one aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention may be viewed at least as a trispecific construct that can bind to three distinct types of ligands that are involved in pathological angiogenesis and vascular leakage. In one aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises a plurality of Ig-like domains of one or more VEGF receptors. In some embodiments, the VEGF-binding unit comprises a plurality of Ig-like domains of VEGF receptors 1 and 2 ( “VEGFR-1” and “VEGFR-2” ) . In some other embodiments, said VEGF-binding unit comprises Ig-like domain (extracellular domain) 2, or substantially Ig-like domain 2, of VGFR-1 ( “VEGFR-1-D2” ) and Ig-like domain 3, or substantially domain 3, of VEGFR-2 ( “VEGFR-2-D3” ) . In still some other embodiments, the VEGF-binding unit comprises VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3 linked together and linked to an Fc domain of IgG1.
[0025] In still another aspect, said IL-6 is human IL-6, said Ang-2 is human Ang-2, and said VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are human VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.
[0026] In still another aspect, an antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, comprises an antibody against IL-6 linked to an Ang-2 binding unit and a VEGF-binding unit, wherein the antibody against IL-6 comprises full-length antibody or an sdAb directed against IL-6.
[0027] In one aspect, the Ang-2-binding unit comprises an sdAb or a biologically active polypeptide directed against Ang-2.
[0028] In yet another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention comprises an Fc domain of human IgG1.
[0029] In still another aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises human VEGFR-1-D2 linked to human VEGFR-2-D3.
[0030] In yet another aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises: human VEGFR-1-D2 and human VEGFR-2-D3 that are linked in series. In still another aspect, the free C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of a heavy chain or a light chain of the IL-6 antibody. The free C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is the C-terminus of the VEGFR-1-D2 or VEGFR-2-D3 that is not linked to the N-terminus of the VEGFR-2-D3 or VEGFR-1-D2.
[0031] In yet another aspect, an sdAb against Ang-2 or IL-6, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, comprises the heavy-chain variable region of a heavy-chain antibody against Ang-2 or IL-6. Such an sdAb can bind specifically to Ang-2 or IL-6 without requiring a complementary variable region as in a conventional four-chain immunoglobulin molecule.
[0032] In still another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding an antibody fusion or chimeric protein.
[0033] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a vector that comprises said nucleic acid molecule, including an expression vector comprising said nucleic molecule operatively linked to an expression control sequence. As used herein, the phrase “operatively linked” refers to components of a construct being placed in a functional relationship with each other and each component retaining its function. A nucleic acid is “operatively linked” when it is placed in a functional relationship with another nucleic acid sequence. For example, DNA for a pre-sequence or secretory leader is “operatively linked” to DNA encoding a polypeptide if it is expressed as a pre-protein that participates in the secretion of the polypeptide; a promoter or enhancer is operatively linked to a coding sequence if it affects the transcription of the sequence; or a ribosome binding site is operatively linked to a coding sequence if it is positioned so as to facilitate translation.
[0034] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a host-vector system for the production of said antibody fusion or chimeric protein that comprises the expression vector in a suitable host cell.
[0035] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method of producing an antibody fusion or chimeric protein, which method comprises: (a) growing cells of the host-vector system under conditions permitting production of the antibody fusion or chimeric protein; and (b) recovering the antibody fusion or chimeric protein so produced. Such method can further comprise purifying the antibody fusion or chimeric protein.
[0036] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or controlling, or a composition for use to treat or control, at least a disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject, which has etiology in a condition selected from the group consisting of aberrant, excessive angiogenesis; increased vascular leakage; inflammation; and combinations thereof. In yet another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or controlling, or a composition for use to treat or control, at least a disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject, which has etiology in a condition selected from the group consisting of excessive angiogenesis, increased vascular leakage, inflammation, and combinations thereof.
[0037] In certain embodiments, such disease, condition, or disorder is an ocular disease, condition, or disorder. In certain other embodiments, such disease, condition, or disorder involves tumor growth and metastasis. In other embodiments, such disease, condition, or disorder is rheumatoid arthritis, psoriasis, or atherosclerosis.
[0038] Other features and advantages of the present invention will become apparent from the following detailed description and claims.BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS
[0039] Figure 1 shows a schematic diagram of the first embodiment of the present invention.
[0040] Figure 2 shows a schematic diagram of the second embodiment of the present invention.
[0041] Figure 3 shows a schematic diagram of the third embodiment of the present invention.
[0042] Figure 4 shows a schematic diagram of the fourth embodiment of the present invention.
[0043] Figures 5A and B show the purity of a representative antibody fusion protein as exhibited by chromatograms of SEC-HPLC at 214 nm and 280 nm, respectively.
[0044] Figures 6A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human VEGF-A165, wherein aflibercept and faricimab were used as comparators. Aflibercept is an Fc fusion protein containing the binding domain 2 of VEGFR-1 and the binding domain 3 of VEGFR-2 for inhibition of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and PlGF. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Aflibercept and faricimab have been approved for intravitreal injections to treat retinal vascular diseases including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (nAMD) , diabetic macular edema (DME) , and macular edema due to retinal vein occlusion (RVO) .
[0045] Figures 7A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human VEGF-B, wherein aflibercept and faricimab were used as comparators.
[0046] Figures 8A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human PlGF, wherein aflibercept and faricimab were used as comparators.
[0047] Figures 9A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human IL-6, wherein siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart, three monoclonal antibodies against IL-6, were used as comparators. Siltuximab is approved for the treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease (MCD, a condition that abnormal overgrowth of lymph cells in more than one part of the body may cause symptoms and increase the risk of developing a serious infection or cancer) .
[0048] Figures 10A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human Ang-2, wherein faricimab and nesvacumab were used as comparators. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Nesvacumab is a monoclonal antibody against Ang-2.
[0049] Figures 11A and B show ELISA binding affinities of some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention for human Ang-1, wherein faricimab and human Tie-2 receptor were used as comparators. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Human Tie-2 receptor that can bind both Ang-1 and Ang-2, was used as a positive control.
[0050] Figures 12A and B show the inhibition of VEGF-A165-mediated VEGFR-2 signaling by some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention, wherein aflibercept and faricimab were used as comparators.
[0051] Figures 13A and B show the inhibition of IL-6 mediated TF-1 cell proliferation by some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention, wherein siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart, three monoclonal antibodies against IL-6, were used as comparators.
[0052] Figures 14A and B show the inhibition of Ang-2 / Tie-2 interaction by some antibody fusion proteins of the present invention, wherein faricimab and nesvacumab were used as comparators. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Nesvacumab is a monoclonal antibody again Ang-2.DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION
[0053] The terms “protein, ” “polypeptide, ” and “peptide” are used interchangeably herein to refer to a polymer of amino acid residues.
[0054] In general, the present invention provides a multispecific fusion or chimeric protein or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof that is capable of binding, or binding substantially, to Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members; thereby, reducing or inhibiting Ang-2, IL-6, and VEGF family member signaling transduction.
[0055] In one aspect, the multispecific fusion or chimeric protein is an antibody fusion or chimeric protein.
[0056] In this disclosure, the term “antibody fusion protein” may be used in place of “antibody fusion or chimeric protein. ”
[0057] In one aspect, an antibody fusion protein or an antigen-binding fragment thereof is a trispecific antibody fusion protein capable of binding, or substantially binding, to Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members; thereby, reducing or inhibiting signaling transduction of Ang-2, IL-6, and such VEGF family members.
[0058] In another aspect, a multispecific fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises binding units that target Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members, and are linked together. Such binding units comprise, consist of, or consist essentially of antigen-binding domains or moieties that target Ang-2, IL-6, and one or more VEGF family members. In yet another aspect, such a multispecific fusion or chimeric protein is a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein.
[0059] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention does not bind to Ang-1. In another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention has an affinity to Ang-1 that is less than about 10-3 times the affinity to Ang-2.
[0060] In another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention comprises an antibody against IL-6, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, linked to an Ang-2-binding unit and a VEGF-binding unit.
[0061] In some embodiments, at least one of the VEGF-binding unit and the Ang-2-binding unit is linked directly to the antibody against IL-6, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof.
[0062] In some other embodiments, one of the VEGF-binding unit and the Ang-2-binding unit is linked to the antibody against IL-6, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof through an intervening polypeptide. Such an intervening polypeptide may comprise an IgG1 Fc domain.
[0063] In yet another aspect, the Ang-2-binding unit comprises an antigen-binding fragment of an antibody against Ang-2, or a biologically active peptide that binds, or substantially binds, to Ang-2.
[0064] In still another aspect, the VEGF-binding unit included in a trispecific antibody fusion protein comprises an Ig-like domain selected from the group consisting of Ig-like domains of one or more VEGF receptors. A VEGF-binding unit binds, or substantially binds, to at least one of VEGF family members. In one aspect, such VEGF family members include VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF. In another aspect, such family members are VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF. In still another aspect, such family members are VEGF-A165, VEGF-B, and PlGF. In yet another aspect, such family members are VEGF-A165, VEGF-B167, and PlGF. Thus, in one aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention may be viewed at least as a trispecific construct that can bind to three distinct types of ligands that are involved in pathological angiogenesis and vascular leakage. In one aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises a plurality of Ig-like domains of one or more VEGF receptors. In some embodiments, said VEGF-binding unit comprises a plurality of Ig-like domains of VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2. In some other embodiments, said VEGF-binding unit comprises VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3.
[0065] As used herein, unless specified, the terms “VEGF-A” and “VEGF-B” include all isoforms of VEGF-A and VEGF-B, respectively.
[0066] In still another aspect, said IL-6 is human IL-6, said Ang-2 is human Ang-2, and said VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2 are human VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.
[0067] In still another aspect, an antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, comprises an antibody against IL-6 linked to an Ang-2-binding unit and a VEGF-binding unit; wherein the antibody against IL-6 comprises a full-length antibody, an IL-6-binding fragment thereof, or an sdAb directed against IL-6. In some embodiments, an IL-6-binding antibody fragment comprises complementarity determining regions ( “CDRs” ) of the heavy chain and the light chain of an IL-6 antibody. In some other embodiments, an IL-6-binding antibody fragment comprises fewer than all CDRs of the heavy chain and the light chain of an IL-6 antibody.
[0068] In one aspect, the binding unit that targets Ang-2 comprises an sdAb or a biologically active polypeptide directed against Ang-2.
[0069] In yet another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention comprises an Fc domain of human IgG1.
[0070] In still another aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises human VEGFR-1-D2 linked to human VEGFR-2-D3, directly or through a peptide linker. Such a peptide linker, when used, is preferably a short peptide linker, such as having fewer than 25, or 20, or 15, or 10 amino acid residues. Peptide linkers are known in the art, such as peptides comprising glycine, serine, and / or threonine residues. Common peptide linkers comprise short sequences of glycine and serine residues. The amino acid sequences of human VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3 are shown below as SEQ ID NO: 1 and SEQ ID NO: 2.
[0071] In yet another aspect, said VEGF-binding unit comprises: (a) human VEGFR-1-D2; (b) human VEGFR-2-D3; and (c) an Fc domain of IgG1; wherein the VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3 are linked in series. In some embodiments, the C-terminus of VEGFR-2-D3 is linked to the N-terminus of the Fc domain. In other embodiments, the C-terminus of VEGFR-1-D2 is linked to the N-terminus of the Fc domain. The amino acid sequence of Fc domain of human IgG1 is shown below as SEQ ID NO: 3.
[0072] In yet another aspect, an sdAb against Ang-2 or IL-6, or an antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, comprises the heavy-chain variable region of a heavy-chain antibody (VHH) against Ang-2 or IL-6. Such an sdAb can bind specifically to Ang-2 or IL-6 without requiring a complementary variable region as in a conventional four-chain immunoglobulin molecule. An sdAb directed against Ang-2 is sometimes denoted herein as “Ang-2 sdAb. ” An sdAb directed against IL-6 is sometimes denoted herein as “IL-6 sdAb. ”
[0073] As disclosed herein, an “antigen-binding fragment” or “antigen-binding domain” of an antibody refers to a fragment or portion of such antibody, which fragment or portion is capable of binding, or binding substantially, to the antigen. In one embodiment, an antigen-binding fragment or antigen-binding domain of such an antibody comprises, consists essentially of, or consists of a variable domain of the heavy chain (VH) of such an antibody.
[0074] An sdAb directed against Ang-2 or IL-6 included in some embodiments of the present invention consists of three CDRs of an antibody heavy chain, each CDR being flanked by framework domains. Such sdAb lacks the CH1 domain of the antibody heavy chain. Despite possessing only three CDRs, sdAbs show equivalent antigen-binding affinity and other effector functions compared to conventional antibodies comprising six CDRs (three CDRs of the heavy chain and three CDRs of the light chain) . Single-domain antibodies are described, for example, in Bathula et al., Cancer Biotherapy and Radiopharmaceuticals, Vol. 36, No. 2, 109-122 (2021) , Tang et al., Int. J. Mol. Sci., Vol. 24, 4176-4194 (2023) .
[0075] An sdAb directed against Ang-2 or IL-6 included in embodiments of the present invention is capable of binding to its corresponding ligand (Ang-2 or IL-6) with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) in the range from about 1x10-6 M to 1x10-12 M. In some embodiments, the sdAb against Ang-2 or IL-6 is capable of binding to its corresponding ligand with KD in the range from about 1x10-7 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some other embodiments, the sdAb against Ang-2 or IL-6 is capable of binding to its corresponding ligand with KD in the range from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M. In still some embodiments, the sdAb against Ang-2 or IL-6 is capable of binding to its corresponding ligand with KD in the range from about 1x10-9 M to about 1x10-12 M. FIRST AND SECOND EMBODIMENTS OF THE TRISPECIFIC FUSION PROTEINS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0076] In one aspect, a first embodiment of the trispecific fusion proteins of the present invention comprises: (a) an IL-6-binding unit that comprises an antibody against IL-6 ( “IL-6 antibody” ) comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked together in series; and (c) a polypeptide capable of binding Ang-2 ( “Ang-2-binding polypeptide” ) ; wherein a C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to an N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; and a C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to an N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding polypeptide. See Figure ( “Fig. ” ) 1.
[0077] Non-limiting examples of Ang-2-binding peptides include those having SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, disclosed herein below. Other non-limiting examples of Ang-2-binding peptides include those disclosed in US Patents 7, 138, 370 and 7, 205, 275 and US Patent Application Publication 20130142799, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0078] Alternatively, in the second embodiment of the trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention, the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody, and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding peptide. See Fig. 2. In one aspect, the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is the C-terminus of the Fc domain of an IgG1.
[0079] In another aspect, the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the IL-6 antibody through a short flexible linker, such as one disclosed herein or known by persons having ordinary skill in the art.
[0080] Non-limiting examples of IL-6 antibodies that can be used to construct an antibody fusion protein of the present invention include olokizumab, siltuximab, vamikibart (also known as RG6179) , sirukumab, clazakizumab (also known as ALD-518 or BMS-945429) , ziltivekimab (also known as MEDI 5117) , Medarex, and those disclosed in US Patents 8,992,920 and 10,858,424 and US Patent Application Publications 20190270806 and 20240209076. The contents of the foregoing US patents and applications are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0081] In another aspect, the IL-6-binding unit of an embodiment of the trispecific fusion proteins of the present invention comprises: (1) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of a heavy chain of an IL-6 antibody linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody.
[0082] Flexible linkers having various lengths may be used to link an Ang-2-binding polypeptide to the C-terminus of the Fc domain of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody. Non-limiting examples of peptide linkers may be those including or consisting of a motif of (GGGGS) x (x=1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9 or 10) . Specific examples of such flexible linkers are GGGGSGGGGSGGGGS, GGGGSGGGGS, and GGGGSGGGS.
[0083] The amino acid sequences disclosed or claimed herein also encompass conservative amino acid substitutions in these sequences, which do not generally alter the biological activity of the proteins or peptides. The most commonly occurring substitutions are Ala / Ser, Val / Ile, Asp / Glu, Thr / Ser, Ala / Gly, Ala / Thr, Ser / Asn, Ala / Val, Ser / Gly, Ala / Pro, Lys / Arg, Asp / Asn, Leu / Ile, Leu / Val, Ala / Glu and Asp / Gly, in both directions.
[0084] The amino acid sequences of the heavy and light chains of olokizumab are shown in SEQ ID NO: 10 and SEQ ID NO: 11, respectively. The amino acid sequences of the heavy chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 12, 13, and 14, respectively. The amino acid sequences of the light chain CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 15, 16, and 17, respectively.
[0085] The amino acid sequences of the heavy chains and light chains of additional IL-6 antibodies are as follows.
[0086] The amino acid sequences of the heavy chain and light chain variable domains of clazakizumab (also known as ALD-518) are shown in SEQ ID NOs: 28 and 29, respectively (see WO2011 / 066371 at paragraph 0029) .
[0087] Three trispecific fusion proteins of the first embodiment are constructed (denoted as EB-108BIa1, EB-108BIa2, and EB-108BIa3) . Each fusion protein comprises: (a) an IL-6 antibody that comprises siltuximab (included in EB-108BIa1) or olokizumab (in EB-108BIa2) or vamikibart (in EB-108BIa3) comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked in series in that order; and (c) Ang-2-binding Peptide 1 having SEQ ID NO: 4; wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding Peptide 1.
[0088] Complete sequences of the heavy chain and the light chain of each of these fusion proteins are disclosed in SEQ ID NO: 30 through SEQ ID NO: 35.
[0089] Other trispecific fusion proteins may be constructed, comprising (1) one of the other IL-6 antibodies, wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; or (2) one of the other Ang-2-binding peptides disclosed above, wherein the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding peptide.
[0090] Three trispecific fusion proteins of the second embodiment are constructed (denoted as EB-108BIb1, EB-108BIb2, and EB-108BIb3) . Each fusion protein comprises: (a) an IL-6 antibody that comprises siltuximab (included in EB-108BIb1) or olokizumab (in EB-108BIb2) or vamikibart (in EB-108BIb3) comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked in series in that order; and (c) Ang-2-binding Peptide 1 having SEQ ID NO: 4; wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody; and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding Peptide 1.
[0091] Complete sequences of the heavy chain and the light chain of each of these fusion proteins are disclosed in SEQ ID NO: 36 through SEQ ID NO: 41.
[0092] Other trispecific fusion proteins may be constructed, comprising (1) one of the other IL-6 antibodies, wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; or (2) one of the other Ang-2-binding peptides disclosed above, wherein the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding peptide.
[0093] Still other trispecific fusion proteins of the first embodiment may be constructed, wherein the IL-6-binding unit comprises: (1) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the heavy chain ( “HCCDR1, ” “HCCDR2, ” and “HCCDR3” ) of an IL-6 antibody (such as those of olokizumab, shown as SEQ ID NO: 12, 13, and 14, respectively) linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the light chain ( “LCCDR1, ” LCCDR2, ” and “LCCDR3” ) of the IL-6 antibody (such as those of olokizumab, shown as SEQ ID NO: 15, 16, and 17, respectively) .
[0094] Still other trispecific fusion proteins of the first embodiment may be constructed, wherein the IL-6-binding unit comprises: (1) the HCCDR1, HCCDR2, and HCCDR3 of any IL-6 antibody disclosed herein, linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the LCCDR1, LCCDR2, and LCCDR3 of said IL-6 antibody. THIRD AND FOURTH EMBODIMENTS OF THE TRISPECIFIC FUSION PROTEINS OF THE PRESENT INVENTION
[0095] In one aspect, a third embodiment of the trispecific fusion proteins of the present invention comprises: (a) an IL-6 -binding unit that comprises an IL-6 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked in series; and (c) an sdAb (VHH) directed against Ang-2 ( “Ang-2 sdAb” ) ; wherein a C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to an N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; and a C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to an N-terminus of the Ang-2 sdAb. See Fig. 3.
[0096] Alternatively, in the fourth embodiment of the antibody fusion protein of the present invention, the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody, and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to an N-terminus of the Ang-2 sdAb. See Fig. 4.
[0097] In another aspect, the IL-6-binding unit comprises: (1) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of a heavy chain of an IL-6 antibody linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the CDR1, CDR2, and CDR3 of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody.
[0098] One of the flexible linkers disclosed herein above may be used to link the N-terminus of the Ang-2 sdAb to the C-terminus of the Fc domain of the IL-6 antibody.
[0099] Non-limiting examples of IL-6 antibodies are disclosed herein above.
[0100] The present inventors generated Ang-2 sdAbs in a discovery program, the amino acid sequences of eight of which are shown in SEQ ID NO: 42 through SEQ ID NO: 49. Other Ang-2 sdAbs that may be used to construct a fusion protein of the second embodiment are disclosed, for example, in US Patent 9,527,925 (to Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH) , which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0101] Three trispecific fusion proteins of the third embodiment are constructed (denoted as EB-108BIc1, EB-108-BIc2, and EB-108BIc3) . Each fusion protein comprises: (a) an IL-6 antibody comprising siltuximab (included in EB-108-BIc1) or olokizumab (in EB-108BIc2) or vamikibart (in EB-108-BIc3) , each comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked in series in that order; and (c) Ang-2 sdAb A41-089 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the light chain of the IL-6 antibody; and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of Ang-2 sdAb A41-089.
[0102] Complete amino acid sequences of the heavy chains and the light chains of EB-108BIc1, EB-108BIc2, and EB-108BIc3 are shown in SEQ ID NO: 50 through SEQ ID NO: 55.
[0103] Other trispecific fusion proteins of the third embodiment may be constructed, comprising one of the other IL-6 antibodies disclosed herein.
[0104] Still other trispecific fusion proteins of the third embodiment may be constructed, wherein the IL-6-binding unit comprises: (1) the HCCDR1, HCCDR2, and HCCDR3 of one of the IL-6 antibodies disclosed herein, linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the LCCDR1, LCCDR2, and LCCDR3 of said IL-6 antibody.
[0105] Three trispecific fusion proteins of the fourth embodiment are constructed (denoted as EB-108BId1, EB-108-BId2, and EB-108BId3) . Each fusion protein comprises: (a) an IL-6 antibody comprising siltuximab (included in EB-108-BId1) or olokizumab (in EB-108BId2) or vamikibart (in EB-108-BId3) , each comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked in series in that order; and (c) Ang-2 sdAb A41-089 having an amino acid sequence of SEQ ID NO: 44; wherein the C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to the N-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody; and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of Ang-2 sdAb A41-089.
[0106] Complete amino acid sequences of the heavy chains and the light chains of EB-108BId1, EB-108BId2, and EB-108BId3 are shown in SEQ ID NO: 56 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0107] Other trispecific fusion proteins of the fourth embodiment may be constructed, comprising one of the other IL-6 antibodies disclosed herein.
[0108] Still other trispecific fusion proteins of the fourth embodiment may be constructed, wherein the IL-6-binding unit comprises: (1) the HCCDR1, HCCDR2, and HCCDR3 of one of the IL-6 antibodies disclosed herein, linked to at least one of CH2 and CH3 of the Fc domain of IgG1; and (2) the LCCDR1, LCCDR2, and LCCDR3 of said IL-6 antibody.
[0109] In another aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention can comprise a VEGF-binding unit that comprises at least one Ig-like domain of another VEGF receptor different from VEGFR-1 and VEGFR-2.
[0110] In still another aspect, said another VEGF receptor comprises VEGFR-3, and said at least one Ig-like domain is selected from the group consisting of domains 1, 2, and 3 of VEGFR-3 ( “VEGFR-3-D1, ” “VEGFR-3-D2, ” and “VEGFR-3-D3” ) , and combinations thereof.
[0111] In still another aspect, the VEGF-binding unit comprises Ig-like domains of VEGF receptors selected from the group consisting of VEGFR-1, VEGFR-2, VEGFR-3, and combinations thereof.
[0112] In still another aspect, the VEGF-binding unit comprises a first VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2, VEGFR-2-D3, and a second VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-3-D1D2D3 (domains D1, D2, and D3 of VEGFR-3 linked together in that order) , linked together in series. Such VEGF-binding unit can be linked to the N-terminus of a heavy chain or a light chain of the IL-6 antibody.
[0113] In still another aspect, the VEGF-and IL-6-binding units can be those disclosed in PCT Application Publication WO2023217933A1, wherein the antibody against Ang-2 comprises an Ang-2 binding peptide including those having SEQ ID NOs: 4-9, or an sdAb with the amino acid sequences shown in SEQ ID NO: 42 through SEQ ID NO: 49. Other non-limiting examples of Ang-2-binding peptides include those disclosed in US Patents 7,138,370 and 7,205,275 and US Patent Application Publication 20130142799. Other Ang-2 sdAbs that may be used to construct a trispecific fusion protein are disclosed, for example, in US Patent 9,527,925 (to Boehringer Ingelheim GmbH) .
[0114] An IL-6-binding unit included in a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention is capable of binding IL-6 with KD in the range from about 1x10-6 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-7 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some other embodiments, said KD in the range from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M. In still some embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-9 M to about 1x10-12 M. As a result, said antibody fusion protein substantially inhibits biological activity of IL-6 in promoting angiogenesis and inflammation; thereby, controlling a pathological condition having etiology in aberrant, excessive angiogenesis and inflammation.
[0115] An Ang-2-binding unit included in a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention is capable of binding Ang-2 with KD in the range from about 1x10-6 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-7 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some other embodiments, said KD in the range from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M. In still some embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-9 M to about 1x10-12 M. As a result, said antibody fusion protein substantially inhibits biological activity of Ang-2 in promoting angiogenesis and increased vascular permeability; thereby, controlling a pathological condition having etiology in excessive angiogenesis and vascular leakage.
[0116] A VEGF-binding unit included in a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention is capable of binding at least one of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF with KD in the range from about 1x10-6 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-7 M to about 1x10-12 M. In some other embodiments, said KD in the range from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M. In still some other embodiments, said KD is in the range from about 1x10-9 M to about 1x10-12 M. As a result, said antibody fusion protein substantially inhibits biological activity of said at least one of said VEGF family members in promoting angiogenesis; thereby, controlling a pathological condition having etiology in excessive angiogenesis and vascular leakage.
[0117] In some embodiments, the present invention also provides a binding construct that comprises, consists of, or consists essentially of a plurality of trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric proteins, herein described, that are linked to or associated with each other by covalent bonds or other forms of attachment; wherein the trispecific antibody fusion proteins of such a binding construct may be the same or different. Such a binding construct of the present invention is capable of binding Ang-2, IL-6, and at least one of VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF with high affinity. In one aspect, said VEGF-A is VEGF-A165. In another aspect, said VEGF-B is VEGF-B167. In the case where the trispecific antibody fusion proteins are different, each can comprise a different binding unit against Ang-2, IL-6, or VEGF family members, selected from the binding units disclosed herein.
[0118] A trispecific antibody fusion protein or a binding construct may further include a heterologous peptide or other chemical moieties. Such additions can modify its properties such as additional therapeutic properties, diagnostic properties, stability, solubility, toxicity, serum half-life, immunogenicity, detectability, or other properties.
[0119] The term “high affinity” is used in a physiological context pertaining to the relative affinity of the trispecific antibody fusion protein for Ang-2, IL-6, and said VEGF family members in vivo in a mammal, such as a laboratory test animal, a domesticated farm or pet animal, or a human. Trispecific antibody fusion proteins binding Ang-2, IL-6, and said VEGF family members in the present invention can have characteristic affinities for their ligands in vivo, typically measured in terms of sub-nanomolar values of equilibrium dissociation constants (KD) . For the purposes of this invention, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention can bind to its targeted ligand with a KD less than or equal to about 1, or about 5, or about 10, or about 50, or about 100, or about 500, or about 1000 times the KD of the natural ligand / receptor pair.
[0120] A trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention is capable of binding to Ang-2, IL-6, and at least a VEGF family member with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) in the range from about 1x10-6 M to 1x10-12 M. In some embodiments, the KD value is in the range from about 1x10-7 M to about 1x10-12 M, or from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M, or from about 1x10-9 M to about 1x10-12 M.
[0121] In another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion protein may comprise more than one of each of the Ang-2-binding unit, the VEGF-binding unit, and the IL-6-binding unit.
[0122] In one aspect, the amino acid sequences of the non-limiting various portions or embodiments of a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention are listed in Table 1. Table 1 Amino Acid Sequences
[0123] In another aspect, the nucleic acid sequences encoding the amino acid sequences of Table 1 are listed in Table 2. Table 2 Nucleic Acid Sequences
[0124] In yet another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 90%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0125] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 95%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0126] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 97%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0127] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 98%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0128] In still another aspect, a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention comprises an amino acid sequence that is at least 99%identical to any one of SEQ ID NO: 1 through SEQ ID NO: 61.
[0129] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a trispecific fusion protein comprising polypeptides having a pair of amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 31, 32 and 33, 34 and 35, 36 and 37, 38 and 39, 40 and 41, 42 and 43, 44 and 45, 46 and 47, 48 and 49, 50 and 51, 52 and 53, 54 and 55, 56 and 57, 58 and 59, and 60 and 61.
[0130] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a trispecific fusion protein comprising polypeptides having a pair of amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 10 and 11, 18 and 19, 20 and 21, 22 and 23, 24 and 25, 26 and 27, and 28 and 29.
[0131] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a trispecific fusion protein comprising a polypeptide having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 12-17.
[0132] In still another aspect, one or more amino acid substitutions can be made in any one of the above-described amino acid sequences. Preferably, such substitution is a conservative substitution, wherein an amino acid in one of the following groups is substituted with another in the same group: (1) A, G; (2) D, E; (3) N, Q; (4) R, K; (5) I, L, M, V; (6) F, Y, W; (7) S, T; and (8) C, M; and such substitution is selected so as to preserve substantially the binding activity of the fusion protein. In one embodiment, a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention having a conservative substitution has a KD value for Ang-2, IL-6, VEGF-A, VEGF-B, or PlGF ligand less than about 120%of that before such substitution. Preferably, the KD value is less than about 110%of that before such substitution. More preferably, the KD value is less than about 105%of that before such substitution. Still more preferably, the KD value is less than about 100%of that before such substitution.
[0133] In addition, the amino acid sequences disclosed or claimed herein also encompass their “conservatively modified variants, ” which are the results of a substitution, deletion, or addition of a single amino acid or a small percentage of amino acids (such as ≤ 5, ≤ 4, ≤ 3, ≤ 2, or ≤ 1%) in the original sequence of a peptide, polypeptide, or protein sequence that does not substantially alter the biological activity of the original peptide, polypeptide, or protein. For example, such conservatively modified variants can retain about ≥ 95, ≥ 96, ≥ 97, ≥ 98, ≥ 99, or 100%of the biological activity of the original peptide, polypeptide, or protein.
[0134] Most conservative substitutions are not expected to produce radical changes in the characteristics of the Ig-like domain or other domains of the fusion polypeptide. However, when it is difficult to predict the exact effect of the substitution in advance of doing so, one skilled in the art will appreciate that the effect can be evaluated by routine screening assays. For example, an Ig-like domain or other domain variant typically is made by site-specific mutagenesis of the nucleic acid encoding the intact fusion polypeptide, expression of the variant nucleic acid in recombinant cell culture, purification of the variant fusion polypeptide from the cell culture, and detecting the ability of the variant fusion polypeptide to specifically bind to Ang-2, IL-6, or an aforementioned VEGF ligand. An exemplary binding assay which can be employed to determine if a particular substitution or substitutions in an Ig-like domain or other domains affect the capability of the fusion polypeptide to bind to and inhibit the activity of Ang-2, IL-6, or an aforementioned VEGF family member is described in the article by Park et al., J. Biol. Chem., 269: 25646-25654 (1994) .
[0135] The VEGFR-1-D2 binding unit of the fusion protein is capable of binding free VEGF-A, VEGF-B, and PlGF with high affinity (Davis-Smyth et al., EMBO J., 15 (18) : 4919 (1996) ) . The VEGFR-2-D3 binding unit of the fusion protein is capable of binding free VEGF-A, VEGF-C, and VEGF-D with high affinity (Stuttfeld et al., Life, 61 (9) : 915 (2009) ) . The Ang-2 and IL-6 binding units are capable of inhibiting the activation of Tie-2 by Ang-2, and IL-6 by IL-6, respectively. Thus, a fusion protein of the present invention is capable of substantially inhibiting the angiogenic activity of these growth factors on endothelial cells at the site of the disease. Nucleic Acid and Protein Production
[0136] In still another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding said trispecific antibody fusion proteins.
[0137] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a trispecific antibody fusion protein; wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecules comprise: (a) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an IL-6-binding unit comprising an IL-6 antibody; (b) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2-VEGFR-2-D3 operatively linked to said nucleic acid sequence encoding said IL-6 binding unit; and (c) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an Ang-2-binding polypeptide or an Ang-2 sdAb operatively linked to said nucleic acid sequence encoding said IL-6-binding unit.
[0138] In yet another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a trispecific antibody fusion protein of any of the embodiments disclosed herein above.
[0139] In still another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding said trispecific antibody fusion protein; wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecules comprise: (a) nucleic acid sequences encoding the heavy chain and light chain of an IL-6 antibody or an IL-6-binding fragment thereof disclosed herein; (b) a nucleic acid sequence encoding a VEGF-binding unit comprising VEGFR-1-D2-VEGFR-2-D3, having sequences listed in SEQ ID NO: 62 and SEQ ID NO: 63, which is operatively linked to the 5’ end of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the light chain or heavy chain of said IL-6 antibody or IL-6-binding fragment thereof; and (c) a nucleic acid sequence encoding an Ang-2-binding peptide or an Ang-2 sdAb, selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 65-70 and SEQ ID NOs: 103-110, which is operatively linked to the 3’ end of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain of said IL-6 antibody or IL-6-binding fragment thereof.
[0140] In still another aspect, the present invention provides an isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding one of two chains of a trispecific antibody fusion protein; wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecule comprises a nucleic acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 91-102 and 111-122.
[0141] In another aspect, the present invention provides isolated nucleic acid molecules encoding a trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric protein of the present invention; wherein said isolated nucleic acid molecules comprise a nucleic acid sequence that, as a result of the degeneracy of the genetic code, differs in one or more codons from a nucleic acid sequence listed in this disclosure. Such different nucleic acid sequence is within the scope of the present invention.
[0142] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a vector that comprises any of the nucleic acid molecules herein disclosed, including an expression vector comprising any of said nucleic molecules operatively linked to an expression control sequence.
[0143] In yet another aspect, a vector comprises a nucleic acid sequence encoding a trispecific antibody fusion protein or portion thereof, as listed in SEQ ID NOs: 91-102 and 111-122.
[0144] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a host-vector system for the production of any of said trispecific antibody fusion or chimeric proteins, which host-vector system comprises the expression vector in a suitable host cell.
[0145] In one aspect, the present invention provides for the construction of a nucleic acid molecule encoding a trispecific antibody fusion protein disclosed herein, which nucleic acid molecule is inserted into a vector that is able to express the antibody fusion protein when introduced into an appropriate host cell. Appropriate host cells include, but are not limited to, bacterial cells, yeast cells, insect cells, and mammalian cells. Any of the methods known to one skilled in the art for the insertion of DNA fragments into a vector may be used to construct expression vectors encoding chimeric polypeptide molecules under control of transcriptional / translational control signals. These methods may include in vitro recombinant DNA and synthetic techniques and in vivo recombination (genetic recombination) (See; e.g., Sambrook, et al., Molecular Cloning, A Laboratory Manual, Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory; Current Protocols in Molecular Biology, Eds. Ausubel, et al., Greene Publ. Assoc., Wiley-Interscience, NY) .
[0146] Expression of nucleic acid molecules encoding an antibody fusion protein of the present invention may be regulated by a second nucleic acid sequence (apromoter) so that the antibody fusion protein is expressed in a host transformed with the nucleic acid molecules. For example, expression of an antibody fusion protein described herein may be controlled by any promoter / enhancer element known in the art.
[0147] In general, plasmid vectors containing replicon and control sequences that are derived from species compatible with the host cell are used in connection with these hosts. The vector ordinarily carries a replication site, as well as marking sequences that are capable of providing phenotypic selection in transformed cells. For example, E. coli is typically transformed using pBR322, a plasmid derived from an E. coli species (see; e.g., Bolivar et al., Gene, 2: 95 (1977) ) . The plasmid pBR322 contains genes for ampicillin and tetracycline resistance and thus provides easy means for identifying transformed cells. The pBR322 plasmid, or other microbial plasmid or phage, must also contain, or be modified to contain, promoters that can be used by the microbial organism for expression of proteins. The pcDNA3.4 vector is a plasmid vector suitable for the expression of recombinant proteins in mammalian cells, such as CHO, HEK293, or CV-1 cells. It contains CMV promoter for efficient transcription, a polylinker region for insertion of the gene of interest, and selectable markers for antibiotic resistance.
[0148] Those promoters most commonly used in recombinant DNA construction include the β-lactamase (penicillinase) and lactose promoter systems or a tryptophan (trp) promoter system (Goeddel et al., Nucleic Acids Res., 8: 4057 (1980) ) . While these are the most commonly used, other microbial promoters have been discovered and utilized. For example, the tac promoter is a synthetically produced DNA promoter produced from the combination of promoters from the trp and lac operons (de Boer et al., PNAS, (1983-01-80 (1) : 21–25 (1983) ) . It is commonly used for protein production in Escherichia coli. (Amann et al., Gene, 25: 167-178 (1983) ) . Any of these promoters may be used in connection with a method of producing an antibody fusion protein of the present invention.
[0149] In addition to prokaryotes, eukaryotic microbes, such as yeast cultures, may also be used. Saccharomyces cerevisiae, or common baker's yeast, is the most commonly used among eukaryotic microorganisms, although a number of other strains are commonly available. For expression in Saccharomyces, the plasmid YRp7, for example (Stinchcomb et al., Nature, 282: 39 (1979) ) is commonly used. Other exemplary plasmids are disclosed in US Patent 4,615,974; Struhl et al., PNAS, 76 (3) : 1035 (1979) . The plasmid YRp7 contains the trp1 gene that provides a selection marker for a mutant strain of yeast lacking the ability to grow without tryptophan, for example, ATCC No. 44, 076 or RH218 (Jones, Genetics, 85: 23 (1977) ) . The presence of the trp1 lesion as a characteristic of the yeast host cell genome then provides an effective environment for detecting transformation by growth in the absence of tryptophan.
[0150] Suitable promoting sequences in yeast vectors include the promoters for 3-phosphoglycerate kinase (Hitzeman et al., J. Biol. Chem., 255: 2073 (1980) ) or other glycolytic enzymes, such as glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase, hexokinase, pyruvate decarboxylas, and glucokinase (Romanos et al., Yeast, 8: 423 (1992) ; Weinhandl et al., Microb. Cell Factories, 13: 5 (2014) ) . In constructing suitable expression plasmids, the termination sequences associated with these genes are also ligated into the expression vector 3'of the sequence desired to be expressed to provide polyadenylation of the mRNA and termination. Other promoters, which have the additional advantage of transcription controlled by growth conditions, such as the promoter region for alcohol dehydrogenase 2, and enzymes responsible for maltose and galactose utilization (Romanos et al., Weinhandl et al., supra) , may be used for the vector construction. Any plasmid vector containing yeast-compatible promoter, origin of replication and termination sequences is suitable.
[0151] In addition to microorganisms, cultures of cells derived from multicellular organisms may also be used as hosts. In principle, any such cell culture is workable, whether from vertebrate or invertebrate culture. However, much interest has been in vertebrate cells, and propagation of vertebrate cells in culture (tissue culture) has become a routine procedure in recent years. Examples of such useful host cell lines are VERO and HeLa cells, Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell lines, and W138, BHK, COS-7, HEK293, and MDCK cell lines. Expression vectors for such cells ordinarily include (if necessary) an origin of replication, a promoter located in front of the gene to be expressed, along with any necessary ribosome binding sites, RNA splice sites, polyadenylation sites, and transcriptional terminator sequences.
[0152] For use in mammalian cells, the control functions on the expression vectors are often provided by viral material. For example, commonly used promoters are derived from polyoma, Adenovirus 2, and most frequently Simian Virus 40 (SV40) . The early and late promoters of SV40 virus are particularly useful because both are obtained easily from the virus as a fragment that also contains the SV40 viral origin of replication (Fiers et al., Nature, 273: 113 (1978) ) . Smaller or larger SV40 fragments may also be used, provided there is included the approximately 250-bp sequence extending from the HindIII site toward the BglI site located in the viral origin of replication. Further, it is also possible, and often desirable, to utilize promoter or control sequences normally associated with the desired gene sequence, provided such control sequences are compatible with the host cell systems.
[0153] Thus, according to the present invention, expression vectors capable of being replicated in a bacterial, a yeast cell, an insect cell, or a mammalian cell host, comprising an antibody fusion protein-encoding nucleic acid as described herein, are used to transfect the host and thereby direct expression of such nucleic acids to produce the fusion polypeptide, which may then be recovered in a biologically active form. As used herein, a biologically active form includes a form capable of binding to at least a VEGF family member.
[0154] In some embodiments, the host cell can be E. coli, a COS cell, a HEK 293 cell (also known simply as 293 cells) , or a Chinese hamster ovary ( “CHO” ) cell. Preferably, the host cell is a HEK 293 or CHO cell.
[0155] A non-limiting example is the plasmid pcDNA3.4, which is suitable to be used in a mammalian host cell, such as the CHO cell. The plasmid pcDNA3.4 contains genes for ampicillin resistance and genes for SV40 and CMV promoters. Vector Construction
[0156] Construction of suitable vectors containing the desired coding and control sequences employ standard ligation techniques. Isolated plasmids or DNA fragments are cleaved, tailored, and ligated in the form desired to form the plasmids required. The methods employed are not dependent on the DNA source or intended host. Cleavage is performed by treating with restriction enzyme (or enzymes) in a suitable buffer.
[0157] A nucleic acid sequence substantially encoding one or more Ig-like domains of VEGFR-1 or VEGFR-2 can be produced according to the method disclosed in U.S. Patent 6,897,294, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety.
[0158] As a non-limiting example, in a first embodiment, a nucleic acid sequence substantially encoding the Ig-like domain 2 of VEGFR-1 and the Ig-like domain 3 of VEGFR-2 is ligated in tandem in the desired order. This construct is then ligated to the 5’ end of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the light chain of an IL-6 antibody (e.g., siltuximab, olokizumab, vamikibart or any IL-6 antibody disclosed herein) . A nucleic acid sequence encoding an Ang-2-unit is ligated to the 3’ end of the nucleic acid sequence encoding the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody. Such entire nucleic acid sequences are referred to as a chimeric nucleic acid sequence.
[0159] The entire chimeric nucleic acid sequences are then positioned in a vector which contains a promoter in the reading frame with the gene and compatible with the proposed host cell. A number of plasmids, such as those described in U.S. Patents 4,456,748; 5,460,811; 5,888,808; and 6,333,147 may be used in a production of an antibody fusion protein of the present invention. The foregoing patents are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0160] In one aspect, the vector system pcDNA3.4 is suitable to express an antibody fusion protein of the present invention in a mammalian cell.
[0161] In one embodiment, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention may be produced according to the method described in U.S. Patent 7,070,959, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. For example, the chimeric nucleic acid sequences of SEQ ID NOs: 91 and 92 are inserted into the expression vector pcDNA3.4 having the CMV promoter.
[0162] In one embodiment, CHO cells are transfected with pcDNA3.4 / SEQ ID NOs: 91 and 92. The antibody fusion protein obtained from the CHO cells may be purified and characterized by binding assay, as described in U.S. Patent 7,070,959.
[0163] Similarly, a nucleic acid molecule encoding another trispecific antibody fusion protein described herein above may be produced by ligating nucleic acid sequences encoding the various desired ligand-binding units in a desired order and then inserting into the expression vector pcDNA3.4. CHO cells are transfected with such vector and grown. Antibody fusion proteins obtained from these CHO cells may be similarly purified and characterized.
[0164] In one embodiment, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention can bind to human Ang-2 ( “hAng-2” ) , human IL-6 ( “hIL-6” ) , and at least a VEGF family member with KD ≤ 10-9 M. In another embodiment, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention can bind to hAng-2, hIL-6, and at least a VEGF family member with KD ≤ 5x10-10 M. In still another embodiment, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention can bind to hAng-2, hIL-6, and at least a VEGF family member with KD ≤ 10-10 M.
[0165] In one aspect, the present invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for treating or controlling a disease, condition, or disorder having etiology in at least one of aberrant angiogenesis, increased vascular leakage, and inflammation. In another aspect, the present invention provides compounds, compositions, and methods for treating or controlling a disease, condition, or disorder having etiology in at least one of excessive angiogenesis, increased vascular leakage, and inflammation
[0166] In another aspect, the present invention provides a method for treating or controlling at least an ocular or systemic disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject, which has etiology selected from the group consisting of aberrant angiogenesis, increased vascular leakage, inflammation, and combinations thereof. The method comprises administering to a subject in need of such treating or controlling a composition comprising a trispecific antibody fusion protein herein disclosed. Non-limiting embodiments of such an antibody fusion protein have amino acid sequences listed in SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61.
[0167] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a composition for use to treat or control at least an ocular or systemic disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject, which has etiology in aberrant angiogenesis and inflammation, wherein composition comprises a trispecific antibody fusion protein herein disclosed. Non-limiting embodiments of such an antibody fusion protein have amino acid sequences listed in SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61.
[0168] In still another aspect, the present invention provides a use of a trispecific antibody fusion protein herein disclosed for the preparation of a pharmaceutical composition or a medicament for the treatment or control of at least an ocular or systemic disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject, which has etiology in aberrant angiogenesis and inflammation. Non-limiting embodiments of such an antibody fusion protein have amino acid sequences listed in SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61.
[0169] In still another aspect, said ocular disease, condition, or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: macular edema resulting from diabetes, uveitis, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet age-related macular degeneration) , polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( “PCV” ) , myopic choroidal neovascularization, vascular leak, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, corneal neovascularization, corneal inflammation, and neovascular glaucoma.
[0170] In one embodiment, the subject is administered with a dose of about 25-4000 micrograms of the fusion protein. In another embodiment, the subject is administered with a dose of about 50-10000, about 500-10000, about 50-8000, about 100-8000, about 500-8000, about 1000-8000, about 2000-8000, about 50-6000, about 50-5000, about 50-4000, about 50-3000, about 50-2000, or about 50-1000 micrograms of the fusion protein. In another embodiment, the subject is administered with a dose of about 1-100 mg of the fusion protein per kg of body weight ( “mg / kg” ) . In another embodiment, the subject is administered with a dose of about 1-50, about 1-40, about 1-25, about 5-25, about 5-20, about 5-18, about 5-15, or about 10-15 mg / kg.
[0171] In still another aspect, the composition comprising the fusion protein is in the form of an eye drop or an ocular injection (such as intravitreal, intracameral, peri-orbital, subtenon, subretinal, or suprachoroidal injection) . Such a composition comprises an ophthalmic composition. An antibody fusion protein of the present invention may also be incorporated in a medical device that is implantable into or near a diseased tissue.
[0172] In one embodiment, the present invention provides a method for treating or controlling, or a composition for use to treat or control, an anterior-segment disease, condition, or disorder; such as corneal neovascularization, corneal inflammation, or neovascular glaucoma. The composition comprising the fusion protein may be in the form of an eye drop or intracameral or subconjunctival injection. In another embodiment, the present invention provides a method or composition for treating or controlling a posterior-segment disease, condition, or disorder; such as choroidal neovascularization, neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet age-related macular degeneration) , polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy ( “PCV” ) , myopic choroidal neovascularization, vascular leak, macular edema resulting from diabetes, uveitis, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity. In this case, the composition comprising the fusion protein may be administered in the form of an intravitreal injection.
[0173] In another embodiment, the present invention provides a use of an antibody fusion protein disclosed herein for the preparation of a medicament for treating or controlling an aforementioned disease or condition.
[0174] In yet another aspect, an eye drop is administered to the subject at least once per day, at least once per week, or at least once per month until the disease, condition, or disorder is substantially treated or controlled.
[0175] In yet another aspect, the composition is administered via sustained drug release to the subject for a period of at least one month, at least two months, at least three months, or at least six months.
[0176] In still another aspect, an intravitreal injection or an injection into, or near, a diseased tissue is administered to the subject according to a regimen recommended by a medical practitioner for a particular patient. For example, an injection may be administered at least once per month, at least once every two months, at least once every three months, at least once every four months or at least once every six months until the disease, condition, or disorder is substantially treated or controlled. In one embodiment, treatment may be administered more frequently at the beginning, and then less frequently after a period of time. Such period of time may be determined by a medical practitioner.
[0177] The concentration of an antibody fusion protein of the present invention in such an ophthalmic composition can be in the range from about 0.1 to about 200 mg / ml (or, alternatively, from about 0.25 to about 200 mg / ml, or from about 0.25 to about 160 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 100 mg / ml, or from about 0.25 to about 80 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 200 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 160 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 100 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 80 mg / ml, or from about 1 to about 200 mg / ml, or from 1 to about 160 mg / ml, or from about 0.5 to about 100 mg / ml, or from about 1 to about 80 mg / ml) .
[0178] In still another aspect, a method for preparing a composition of the present invention comprises combining: (a) an amount of a trispecific antibody fusion protein of the present invention; and (b) a physiologically acceptable carrier.
[0179] In one embodiment, such a physiologically acceptable carrier can be a sterile saline solution or a physiologically acceptable buffer. In another embodiment, such a carrier comprises a hydrophobic medium, such as a pharmaceutically acceptable oil. In still another embodiment, such a carrier comprises an emulsion of a hydrophobic material and water. In yet another embodiment, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention may be associated or linked with a high-molecular weight material to provide a long circulation time.
[0180] Physiologically acceptable buffers include, but are not limited to, a phosphate buffer or a Tris-HCl buffer (comprising tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and HCl) . For example, a Tris-HCl buffer having pH of 7.4 comprises 3 g / l of tris (hydroxymethyl) aminomethane and 0.76 g / l of HCl. In yet another aspect, the buffer is 10X phosphate buffer saline ( “PBS” ) or 5X PBS solution. Non-limiting examples of buffers used for injectable compositions comprising biologics include phosphate, citric acid, acetic acid, tromethamine, histidine, arginine, gluconic acid, lactic acid, tartaric acid, aspartic acid, and glutamic acid.
[0181] Other buffers also may be found suitable or desirable in some circumstances, such as buffers based on HEPES (N- {2-hydroxyethyl} peperazine-N’ - {2-ethanesulfonic acid} ) having pKa of 7.5 at 25 ℃ and pH in the range of 6.8-8.2; BES (N, N-bis {2-hydroxyethyl} 2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) having pKa of 7.1 at 25℃ and pH in the range of 6.4-7.8; MOPS (3- {N-morpholino} propanesulfonic acid) having pKa of 7.2 at 25℃ and pH in the range from of 6.5-7.9; TES (N-tris {hydroxymethyl} -methyl-2-aminoethanesulfonic acid) having pKa of 7.4 at 25℃ and pH in the range of 6.8-8.2; MOBS (4- {N-morpholino} butanesulfonic acid) having pKa of 7.6 at 25℃ and pH in the range of 6.9-8.3; DIPSO (3- (N, N-bis {2-hydroxyethyl} amino) -2-hydroxypropane) ) having pKa of 7.52 at 25℃ and pH in the range of 7-8.2; TAPSO (2-hydroxy-3{tris (hydroxymethyl) methylamino} -1-propanesulfonic acid) ) having pKa of 7.61 at 25℃ and pH in the range of 7-8.2.
[0182] In certain embodiments, a composition of the present invention is formulated in a buffer having an acidic pH, such as from about 4 to about 6.8, or alternatively, from about 5 to about 6.8. In such embodiments, the buffer capacity of the composition desirably allows the composition to come rapidly to a physiological pH after being administered into the patient.
[0183] In addition to a buffer, a composition of the present invention can comprise a material selected from the group consisting of surfactants, stabilizers, preservatives, co-solvent, humectants, emollients, chelating agents, tonicity-adjusting agents, and antioxidants.
[0184] In one aspect, any of these materials that may be used in a composition of the present invention is a physiologically acceptable material. In certain embodiments, any of these materials that may be used in a composition of the present invention is an ophthalmically or systemically acceptable material.
[0185] Water-soluble preservatives that may be employed include quaternary ammonium compounds such as benzalkonium chloride and various polyquaternium compounds. These agents may be present in individual amounts of from about 0.001 to about 2%by weight (preferably, about 0.01%to about 0.05%by weight) .
[0186] Non-limiting examples of surfactants include, but are not limited to, non-ionic surfactants, for example, polysorbates (such as polysorbate 20, polysorbate 80) , 4- (1, 1, 3, 3-tetramethylbutyl) phenol / poly (oxyethylene) polymers (such as the polymer sold under the trademark Tyloxapol) , poly (oxyethylene) -poly (oxypropylene) block copolymers, glycolic esters of fatty acids and the like, and mixtures thereof.
[0187] In one aspect, the pH of the composition is in the range from about 4 to about 8. Alternatively, the pH of the composition is in the range from about 6 to about 8, or from about 6.5 to about 8, or from about 6.5 to about 7.5.
[0188] In another aspect, the composition has a pH of about 7. Alternatively, the composition has a pH in a range from about 7 to about 7.5.
[0189] In still another aspect, the composition has a pH of about 7.4.
[0190] In yet another aspect, a composition also can comprise a viscosity-modifying compound designed to facilitate the administration of the composition into the subject or to promote the bioavailability in the subject. In still another aspect, the viscosity-modifying compound may be chosen so that the composition is not readily dispersed after being administered into an environment of an eye. Such compounds may enhance the viscosity of the composition, and include, but are not limited to: monomeric polyols, such as, glycerol, propylene glycol, ethylene glycol; polymeric polyols, such as, polyethylene glycol; various polymers of the cellulose family, such as hydroxypropylmethyl cellulose ( “HPMC” ) , carboxymethyl cellulose ( “CMC” ) sodium, hydroxypropyl cellulose ( “HPC” ) ; polysaccharides, such as hyaluronic acid and its salts, chondroitin sulfate and its salts, dextrans, such as, dextran 70; water soluble proteins, such as gelatin; vinyl polymers, such as, polyvinyl alcohol, polyvinylpyrrolidone, povidone; carbomers, such as carbomer 934P, carbomer 941, carbomer 940, or carbomer 974P; and acrylic acid polymers. In general, a desired viscosity can be in the range from about 1 to about 400 centipoises ( “cps” ) or mPa. s.
[0191] Non-limiting examples of chelating agents include ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid ( “EDTA” ) , diethylenetriaminepentakis (methylphosphonic acid) , etidronic acid, tetrasodium salt of etidronic acid (also known as “HAP” ) .
[0192] While the buffer itself is a “tonicity-adjusting agent” and a “pH-adjusting agent” that broadly maintains the ophthalmic solution at a particular ion concentration and pH, additional “tonicity-adjusting agents” can be added to adjust the final tonicity of the solution. Such tonicity-adjusting agents are well known to those of skill in the art and include, but are not limited to, mannitol, sorbitol, dextrose, sucrose, urea, propylene glycol, and glycerin. Also, various salts, including halide salts of a monovalent cation (e.g., NaCl or KCl) can be utilized. Typically, the tonicity of a formulation of the present invention is in the range from about 200 to 400 mOsm / kg. Alternatively, the tonicity of a formulation of the present invention is in the range from about 220 to 400 mOsm / kg, or from about 220 to 350 mOsm / kg, or from about 220 to 300 mOsm / kg, or from about 250 to 350 mOsm / kg.
[0193] Non-limiting examples of anti-oxidants include ascorbic acid (vitamin C) and its salts and esters; tocopherols (such as α-tocopherol) and tocotrienols (vitamin E) , and their salts and esters (such as vitamin E TGPS (D-α-tocopheryl polyethylene glycol 1000 succinate) ) ; glutathione; lipoic acid; uric acid; butylated hydroxyanisole ( “BHA” ) ; butylated hydroxytoluene ( “BHT” ) ; tertiary butylhydroquinone ( “TBHQ” ) ; and polyphenolic anti-oxidants (such as gallic acid, cinnanmic acid, flavonoids, and their salts, esters, and derivatives) .
[0194] Non-limiting examples of stabilizers includes sucrose, mannitol, sorbitol, and trehalose.
[0195] It should be understood that the proportions of the various components or mixtures may be adjusted for the appropriate circumstances.
[0196] In another aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention and appropriate amounts of one or more desired excipients are incorporated into a formulation for topical administration or injection to a portion of the eye, such as the anterior or posterior segment, or the vitreous humor. An injectable formulation can desirably comprise a carrier that provides a sustained-release of the active ingredients, such as for a period longer than about 1 week (or longer than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months) . In certain embodiments, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention is included in a delivery device for sustained release of the active ingredients over a long period of time, such as 4, 5, 6 months or longer. An example of such delivery device is described in U.S. Patents 8,399,006 and 9,417,238.
[0197] In still another aspect, a composition comprising an antibody fusion protein of the present invention and desired excipients is lyophilized and is reconstituted with a physiologically acceptable liquid carrier substantially immediately before administration to a subject.
[0198] In one embodiment, a compound or composition of the present invention can be injected with a fine-gauge needle, such as 25-35 gauge. Typically, an amount from about 25 μl to about 100 μl of a composition comprising about 25-4000 μg of an antibody fusion protein of the present invention is administered into a patient. In one aspect, the antibody fusion protein has an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61, and conservatively modified variants thereof. A concentration of such antibody fusion protein is selected from the ranges disclosed above. Other antibody fusion proteins comprising various Ang-2-, VEGF-, and IL-6-binding units as disclosed herein can also be incorporated into compositions disclosed herein.
[0199] In still another aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention is incorporated into an ophthalmic device that comprises a biodegradable material, and the device is implanted into a posterior-segment tissue of a subject to provide a long-term (e.g., longer than about 1 week, or longer than about 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, or 6 months) treatment or control of an angiogenic disease, condition, or disorder. Such a device may be implanted by a skilled physician in the subject’s ocular or periocular tissue. Non-limiting examples of ophthalmic implant systems or devices for the sustained-release of an active ingredient are disclosed in U.S. Patents 5,378,475; 5,773,019; 5,902,598; 6,001,386; 6,051,576; and 6,726,918, which are incorporated herein by reference in their entireties.
[0200] In still another aspect, a method for treating or controlling an ophthalmic angiogenic disease, condition, or disorder comprises administering a composition comprising an antibody fusion protein of the present invention to a subject in need thereof.
[0201] In still another aspect, a method for treating or controlling an ophthalmic angiogenic disease, condition, or disorder comprises administering a composition comprising an antibody fusion protein having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61, and conservatively modified variants thereof to a subject in need of such treatment or control. Other antibody fusion proteins comprising various Ang-2-, VEGF-, and IL-6-binding units as disclosed herein can also be used in such a method.
[0202] In still another aspect, a method for treating or controlling an ophthalmic angiogenic disease, condition, or disorder having an etiology in aberrant angiogenesis of in the posterior segment of an eye comprises intravitreally injecting a composition comprising an antibody fusion protein having an amino acid sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30-41 and 50-61, and conservatively modified variants thereof.
[0203] In another embodiment, such disease, condition, or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: macular edema resulting from diabetes, uveitis, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, choroidal neovascularization including neovascular age-related macular degeneration (wet age-related macular degeneration) , polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy (PCV) and myopic choroidal neovacular degeneration, vascular leak, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, retinopathy of prematurity, corneal neovascularization, corneal inflammation, and neovascular glaucoma.
[0204] In yet another aspect, a composition of the present invention is administered once a week, once a month, once a year, twice a year, three times a year, four times a year, or at a suitable frequency that is determined to be appropriate for treating or controlling an anterior-segment inflammatory disease, condition, or disorder.
[0205] In still another aspect, an antibody fusion protein of the present invention can also be used for the treatment or control of tumors, systemic inflammatory diseases or conditions, or autoimmune diseases such as arthritis. Such treatment or control may be effected by, for example, systemic administration. Dosages and regimens for treating such diseases or conditions may be determined or recommended for the particular disease or condition by medical practitioners. EXAMPLE 1: Expression and Purification of Fusion Proteins of the Present Invention
[0206] Fusion proteins of the present invention can be successfully expressed in Chinese hamster ovarian ( “CHO” ) cells. With one round of purification by affinity chromatography, a purity of > 95%may be achieved for most proteins produced.
[0207] cDNAs encoding the amino acid sequences of fusion proteins disclosed herein are synthetized, and an expressing vector based on the circular pcDNA3.4 vector system is constructed for each cDNA. The expression vector is used to transiently transfect CHO cells with chemically defined culture media. The produced protein is purified by Protein-A-affinity-column ultrafiltration and then subjected to 0.2μm sterile filtration to get the bulk of high purity. A purity of > 95%can be expected for most proteins after one round of purification by affinity chromatography and analyzed by size exclusion chromatography (SEC-HPLC) at 214 nm and 280 nm, respectively. See Fig. 5A and B. EXAMPLE 2: ELISA Binding Affinities for Human VEGF-A165, VEGF-B, PlGF, IL-6 and Ang-2.
[0208] ELISA assays were performed using 96-well plates coated with target recombinant human proteins including VEGF-A165, VEGF-B, PlGF, IL-6 and Ang-2 (4 μg / ml, 50μl / well) at +4℃ for 16 hours. After non-specific blocking using 1%BSA at 25℃ for 1 hour, a series of dilutions of test antibodies ( “Abs” ) were added into the coated wells and incubated at 25℃ for 1 hour. The bound Abs were detected using a secondary Ab (goat anti-human IgG1-Fc) conjugated with horseradish peroxidase (HRP) followed by OD450 reading. The binding affinities of EB-108 series of molecules for VEGF-A165, VEGF-B, PlGF, IL-6 and Ang-2 are at sub-nanomolar scales and comparable to their corresponding comparators including aflibercept, faricimab, nesvacumab, siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart. Aflibercept is a human Fc fusion protein that binds to VEGF-A, VEGF-B and PlGF. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Aflibercept and faricimab have been approved for intravitreal injections to treat retinal vascular diseases including nAMD, DME, and macular edema due to RVO. Nesvacumab is a monoclonal antibody against Ang-2. Siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart are three monoclonal antibodies against IL-6. Siltuximab is approved for the treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease. See Fig. 6A and B, Fig. 7A and B, Fig. 8A and B, Fig. 9A and B, Fig. 10A and B. EXAMPLE 3: ELISA Binding Affinities for Human Ang-1
[0209] The same ELISA procedure was performed with recombinant human Ang-1. The EB-108 series of molecules do not bind human Ang-1. See Fig. 11A and B. EXAMPLE 4: Inhibition of VEGF-A165-Mediated VEGFR-2 Signaling
[0210] The effect of EB-108 molecules on inhibiting VEGF-A165-mediated VEGFR-2 signaling was studied using an engineered HEK-293 cell line, in which the firefly luciferase gene is expressed under the control of nuclear factor activated T cell response elements (VEGFR-2-NF-AT) . Aflibercept and faricimab were used as two comparators. The results indicate that EB-108 molecules are comparable to aflibercept and faricimab in dose-dependent inhibition of VEGF-A165-stimulated VEGFR-2 signaling. See Fig. 12A and B.
[0211] Serial dilutions of EB-108 molecules, aflibercept and faricimab were incubated with 60 ng / ml of human VEGF-A165 at room temperature for 30 minutes, then VEGFR-2 luciferase reporter cells were added into each well to study the effects of test materials on inhibiting VEGF-A165 mediated VEGFR-2 signaling. EB-108 molecules are comparable to or better than aflibercept and faricimab in inhibiting VEGF-A165-stimulated VEGFR-2 signaling in a dose response manner as indicated by their IC50 values. Aflibercept is a human Fc fusion protein containing the binding domain 2 of VEGFR-1 and the binding domain 3 of VEGFR-2 for inhibition of VEGF-A, VEGF-B and PlGF. Faricimab is a bispecific antibody that inhibits VEGF-A and Ang-2. Aflibercept and faricimab have been approved for intravitreal injections to treat retinal vascular diseases including nAMD, DME, and macular edema due to RVO. EXAMPLE 5: Inhibiting IL-6 mediated TF-1 cell proliferation
[0212] The effects of EB-108 molecules on inhibiting IL-6 signaling were studied by TF-1 cell proliferation assays, wherein siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart, three monoclonal antibodies against IL-6, were used as comparators. Siltuximab is approved for the treatment of multicentric Castleman's disease. Briefly, IL-6-mediated TF-1 cell proliferation was conducted using cell viability assay with a kit obtained from Promega according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Activation of IL-6 / IL-6R signaling in TF-1 cells stimuated by recombinant human IL-6 results in TF-1 cell proliferation which is reflected by increased OD492 readings, whereas inhibition of IL-6 / IL-6R signaling will demonstrate the opposite effect. Compared with siltuximab, olokizumab and vamikibart, EB-108 molecules showed comparable or better effects on inhibiting TF-1 cell proliferation stimulated by recombinant human IL-6 ligand. See Fig. 13A and B. EXAMPLE 6: Inhibition of Ang-2 / Tie-2 Interaction
[0213] The effects of EB-108 molecules on inhibiting Ang-2 / Tie-2 interaction were studied by fluorescence-activated cell sorting (FACS) analysis using engineered HEK-293 cells that overexpress human Tie-2 receptor, wherein faricimab and nesvacumab were used as two comparators. Faricimab has been approved for intravitreal injections to treat retinal vascular diseases including nAMD, DME, and macular edema due to RVO. Serial dilutions of EB-108 molecules, faricimab and nesvacumab were incubated with 100 ng / ml of human Ang-2 at 4℃ for 60 minutes, then Tie-2-expressing cells were added into each well to study the effects of test antibodies on blocking Ang-2 binding to Tie-2 receptor via FACS analysis. The results indicate that EB-108 molecules, in a dose response manner, showed a similar or better effect than faricimab and nesvacumab in blocking Ang-2 binding to Tie-2 receptor. See Fig. 14A and B.
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[0318]
[0319]
[0320]
[0321]
[0322]
[0323]
[0324]
[0325]
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[0335]
[0336] The contents of the electronic sequence listing (EB-108-SequenceListing (1) . xml; Size: 215 KB; and Date of Creation: July 7, 2025) are herein incorporated by reference in their entirety.
[0337] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described in the foregoing, it will be appreciated by those skilled in the art that many equivalents, modifications, substitutions, and variations may be made thereto without departing from the spirit and scope of the invention as defined in the appended claims.
Claims
1.A fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof, comprising an Ang-2-binding unit, an IL-6-binding unit, and a VEGF-binding unit; wherein the fusion protein is capable of binding substantially to Ang-2, IL-6, and at least one VEGF family member.2.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 1; wherein the Ang-2-binding unit, the IL-6-binding unit, and the VEGF-binding unit are linked together.3.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 2, wherein the Ang-2-binding unit comprises an antibody or a biologically active polypeptide that is capable of binding substantially to Ang-2.4.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 2, wherein the IL-6-binding unit comprises an antibody against IL-6.5.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 2, wherein the VEGF-binding unit comprises a plurality of Ig-like domains of one or more VEGF receptors.6.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 3, wherein the antibody that is capable of binding substantially to Ang-2 comprises an sdAb against Ang-2 ( “Ang-2 sdAb” ) .7.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 4, wherein the antibody against IL-6 comprises a monoclonal antibody against IL-6.8.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 5, wherein the VEGF-binding unit comprises VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3 linked together.9.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 2, wherein: (a) the IL-6-binding unit comprises an IL-6 antibody comprising a heavy chain and a light chain; (b) the VEGF-binding unit comprises VEGFR-1-D2 and VEGFR-2-D3, linked together in series; and (c) the Ang-2-binding unit comprises an Ang-2-binding polypeptide or an Ang-2 sdAb; wherein a C-terminus of the VEGF-binding unit is linked to an N-terminus of the light chain or the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody; and the C-terminus of the heavy chain of the IL-6 antibody is linked to the N-terminus of the Ang-2-binding unit.10.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 9, comprising polypeptides having a pair of amino acid sequences selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 30 and 31, 32 and 33, 34 and 35, 36 and 37, 38 and 39, 40 and 41, 50 and 51, 52 and 53, 54 and 55, 56 and 57, 58 and 59, and 60 and 61.11.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of claim 2, wherein said antibody fusion protein or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof is capable of binding to IL-6, Ang-2, and at least a VEGF family member with an equilibrium dissociation constant (KD) in the range from about 1x10-6 M to about 1x10-12 M, or from about 1x10-8 M to about 1x10-12 M.12.An isolated nucleic acid molecule encoding a fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any of claims 1-11.13.The isolated nucleic acid molecule of claim 12, wherein said nucleic acid molecule comprises a sequence selected from the group consisting of SEQ ID NOs: 91-102 and 111-122.14.An expression vector comprising the nucleic acid molecule of claim12 or 13.15.The expression vector of claim 14, comprising said nucleic acid molecule operatively linked to an expression control sequence.16.A host-vector system comprising the expression vector of claim 14 or 15 in a host cell.17.A method of producing a substantially purified fusion protein, which method comprises: (a) growing cells of the host-vector system of claim 16 under conditions permitting production of the fusion protein; and (b) recovering the fusion protein to produce a recovered fusion protein; and (c) purifying said recovered fusion protein to produce the substantially purified fusion protein.18.A method for treating or controlling at least a disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject in need thereof, which has etiology selected from the group consisting of excessive angiogenesis, vascular leak, inflammation, and combinations thereof; wherein said method comprises administering to said subject an amount of a composition of a fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any one of claims 1-11.19.The method of claim 18; wherein said disease, condition, or disorder is selected from the group consisting of: macular edema resulting from diabetes, uveitis, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, myopic choroidal neovascularization, vascular leak, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, corneal neovascularization, corneal inflammation, myopic neovascularization, and neovascular glaucoma.20.The method of claim 18; wherein the subject is administered with a dose of about 25-10000 micrograms of the fusion protein or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof.21.The method of claim 19; wherein the composition is administered to the subject as an eye drop, a punctal plug, intracameral, retrobulbar, subconjunctival, peribulbar, subtenon, juxta-scleral, trans-scleral, intravitreal, subretinal, or suprachoroidal injection.22.The method of claim 19; wherein the composition is administered to the subject for a period of at least one month if intraocularly administered.23.The method of claim 19; wherein the composition is administered to the subject at a frequency of at least once per month if intraocularly administered.24.A method for treating or controlling at least a systemic disease, condition, or disorder, in a subject in need thereof, which has etiology in a condition selected from the group consisting of excessive angiogenesis, vascular leak, inflammation, and combinations thereof; wherein said method comprises administering to said subject an amount of a composition of a fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any one of claims 1-11.25.The method of claim 24; wherein said systemic disease, condition, or disorder involves tumor growth, tumor metastasis, a combination of tumor growth and metastasis, atherosclerosis, and psoriasis.26.A pharmaceutical composition for use to treat or control at least a disease, condition, or disorder, which has etiology in a condition selected from the group consisting of excessive angiogenesis, vascular leak, inflammation, and combinations thereof; wherein said composition comprises a fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any one of claims 1-11.27.The pharmaceutical composition of claim 26, wherein the disease, condition, or disorder is selected from the group consisting of macular edema resulting from diabetes, uveitis, central and branch retinal vein occlusion, choroidal neovascularization, neovascular age-related macular degeneration, polypoidal choroidal vasculopathy, myopic choroidal neovascularization, vascular leak, non-proliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy, corneal neovascularization, corneal inflammation, myopic neovascularization, neovascular glaucoma, tumor growth, tumor metastasis, a combination of tumor growth and metastasis, atherosclerosis, and psoriasis.28.A pharmaceutical composition comprising a fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any one of claim 1-11, and a pharmaceutically acceptable carrier.29.The fusion protein, or antigen-binding fragment, or antigen-binding domain thereof of any one of claims 1-11; wherein the IL-6-binding unit is selected from the group consisting of olokizumab, siltixumab, vamikibart, sirukumab, ziltivekimab, Medarex, clazakizumab, and IL-6-binding fragments or domains thereof.
Citation Information
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