Single-trip efficient plugging tool integrating perforating, flushing, and cementing, and use method therefor

Abstract

A single-trip efficient plugging tool (1000) integrating perforating, flushing, and cementing, and a use method therefor, aiming at solving the problem of perforating a poorly bonded casing section, flushing an annulus, and placing a cement plug in a single operation to achieve permanent plugging. The tool comprises an integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug placement tool (100), a releasing tool (200), a well abandonment bridge plug setting tool (300), and a perforating tool (400) which are sequentially connected; the perforating tool (400) is used for perforating a poorly bonded casing section so as to crush a poorly bonded cement sheath (104) located in an annulus (103) between an inner casing (101) and an outer casing (102); the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool (300) is used for setting below the poorly bonded casing section; the releasing tool (200) is used for separating an upper tool string from the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool (300) when the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool (300) completes setting; the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug placement tool is used for flushing the poorly bonded casing section so as to discharge crushed cement and other debris from the annulus (103), and then injecting cement into the annulus for plugging.

Description

A high-efficiency plugging tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing in one go, and its usage method.

[0001] Cross-reference of related applications

[0002] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411693728.7, filed on November 25, 2024, entitled "A high-efficiency sealing tool for perforation, flushing and cementing in one trip and its method of use", the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0003] This disclosure relates to the field of wellbore intervention technology, specifically to a high-efficiency plugging tool that combines perforation, flushing, and cementing in one trip, and its usage method. Background Technology

[0004] Oil and gas wells often encounter problems during production, such as pressurized annulus outside the casing, shallow gas accumulation, and substandard cementing quality outside the casing. If not handled properly, oil and gas can migrate upwards along the outside of the casing, causing environmental pollution accidents. According to relevant domestic and international standards for well abandonment, it is essential to ensure that a complete sealing system is formed inside and outside the wellbore after abandonment to prevent oil and gas from migrating upwards and causing environmental pollution accidents.

[0005] The traditional disposal method is segment milling, as shown in Figure 13. The process mainly involves: the segment milling tool is lowered into the well section to be segmented, the milling tool blades open, and the segment milling tool performs segment milling on the inner casing and the cement annulus outside the inner casing. After segment milling, a window of a certain length is formed on the casing. Then, a reamer is lowered to enlarge the open hole formation, remove all cement and other residues in the casing window, expose the original rock formation, and finally, a cement plug is installed. This process is complex, time-consuming, inefficient, and difficult to execute safely and effectively on-site. Summary of the Invention

[0006] This disclosure presents a high-efficiency plugging tool and its usage method that combines perforation, flushing, and cementing in one go, aiming to solve the problem of perforating poorly cemented casing sections, flushing the annulus, and then permanently sealing the wellbore by injecting a cement plug in one go.

[0007] The perforation, flushing, and cementing one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool disclosed herein includes: an integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool, a release tool, a well abandonment bridge plug setting tool, and a perforation tool, which are coaxially connected from top to bottom. The perforation tool is used to perforate the poorly cemented casing section to break the cement annulus located between the inner casing and the outer casing. The well abandonment bridge plug setting tool is used to set the well below the perforated section. The release tool is used to disengage the upper tool string from the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool after the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool has completed setting. The integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool is used to first flush the annulus of the perforated section to remove the broken cement and other impurities in the annulus, and then inject cement into the annulus.

[0008] Furthermore, the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plugging tool includes: a tool body, comprising an upper connector, an upper connecting body, a cementing sleeve body, a short connecting body, a cleaning tool body, a lower connecting body, and a lower connector, all coaxially connected in sequence, with an axially penetrating fluid channel formed inside the tool body; a first cup packer fitted around the outer periphery of the upper connecting body and a second cup packer fitted around the outer periphery of the lower connecting body; a cement plugging tool, comprising a cementing ball seat fixed inside the cementing sleeve body and a first setting ball, with an orifice formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cementing sleeve body, the cementing ball seat initially blocking the orifice; and a cleaning tool, comprising a cleaning tool ball seat fixed inside the cleaning tool body and a second setting ball, with a nozzle formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cleaning tool body, the cleaning tool ball seat initially blocking the nozzle. Among them, the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool is constructed with a high-pressure jet cleaning annulus mode: the second setting ball enters the fluid channel and pushes the cleaning tool ball seat downward relative to the cleaning tool body under external pressure so that the fluid channel is connected to the nozzle; and a cementing mode: the first setting ball enters the fluid channel and pushes the cementing ball seat downward relative to the cementing sleeve body under external pressure so that the fluid channel is connected to the orifice.

[0009] Furthermore, the cleaning tool also includes a primary shearing pin and a secondary shearing pin. The cleaning tool ball seat is fixed to the cleaning tool body by the primary shearing pin, and the secondary shearing pin is used to limit the movement of the cleaning tool ball seat. In the high-pressure jet cleaning annular mode, the second setting ball enters the fluid channel and, under the action of external pressure, pushes the cleaning tool ball seat to shear the primary shearing pin, so that the cleaning tool ball seat moves downward relative to the cleaning tool body to the secondary shearing pin and stops moving. This allows the fluid channel to connect with the nozzle to achieve rinsing. After rinsing is completed, the secondary shearing pin continues to be sheared, so that the cleaning tool ball seat and the second setting ball disengage from the fluid channel.

[0010] Furthermore, the cementing plug tool also includes a primary shear pin and a secondary shear pin. The cementing ball seat is fixed to the cementing sleeve body by the primary shear pin, and the secondary shear pin is used to limit the cementing ball seat. In cementing mode, the first setting ball enters the fluid channel and pushes the cementing ball seat to shear the primary shear pin under external pressure, so that the cementing ball seat moves downward relative to the cementing sleeve body to the secondary shear pin and stops moving, thereby connecting the fluid channel with the orifice to realize cementing. After cementing is completed, the secondary shear pin continues to be sheared, so that the cementing ball seat and the first setting ball are dislodged from the fluid channel.

[0011] Furthermore, the first cup packer includes a first cup packer body fitted around the outer periphery of the upper connector, two sets of first cups fitted onto the first cup packer body, and a first spacer ring located between the two sets of first cups; the second cup packer includes a second cup packer body fitted around the outer periphery of the lower connector, two sets of second cups fitted onto the second cup packer body, and a second spacer ring located between the two sets of second cups.

[0012] Furthermore, a first well-washing hole is provided in the area between the upper connector and the adjacent first cup of the first cup packer body. A first channel communicating with the first well-washing hole is formed between the first cup packer body and the upper connecting body. A second channel and a third channel are respectively formed inside the outer wall of the cementing sleeve body and the cleaning tool body. A second well-washing hole is provided in the area between the lower connector and the adjacent second cup of the second cup packer body. A fourth channel communicating with the second well-washing hole is formed between the second cup packer body and the lower connecting body. The high-efficiency plugging tool for perforation, flushing and cementing in one trip also includes a well-washing mode after cementing is completed: the first channel, the second channel, the third channel and the fourth channel are connected. The well-washing fluid enters the first channel, the second channel, the third channel and the fourth channel in sequence through the casing annulus and is discharged from bottom to top through the fluid channel. Alternatively, the well-washing fluid enters through the fluid channel and passes through the fourth channel, the third channel, the second channel and the first channel in sequence and is discharged from the annulus between the casing and the tool.

[0013] Furthermore, the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool includes a top connector, an outer cylinder, a piston, an inner mandrel, a first shear pin, a pressure sleeve, a flexible connector, an extension mandrel, a setting sleeve, a lower sealing sleeve, a top connector, a mandrel, a top conical sleeve, upper slips, a rubber sleeve, lower slips, and a bottom connector; wherein, the inner and outer surfaces of the top connector end are fixedly connected to the inner mandrel and the outer cylinder, respectively; the piston is sleeved between the inner mandrel and the outer cylinder, and the end of the piston is positioned with the outer cylinder by the first shear pin; the pressure sleeve is sleeved at the end of the inner mandrel and positioned by a second shear pin; the extension mandrel… The shaft is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the end of the inner mandrel; the elastic joint is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner mandrel and can slide on the outer surface of the extended mandrel; the seated sleeve is fixedly connected to the end of the elastic joint; the lower sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the end of the extended mandrel; the top joint is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the front end of the lower sealing sleeve; the mandrel is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the end of the top joint; the bottom joint is fixedly connected to the end of the mandrel; the top conical sleeve, upper slip, rubber sleeve, and lower slip are sequentially sleeved on the outer surface of the mandrel and can move along the outer surface of the mandrel under the action of external force.

[0014] Furthermore, the drop tool includes a first connector coaxially connected in sequence for connection with a wellhead bridge plug setting tool, a second connector for connection with an integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool, and a shearing pin assembly for connecting the first and second connectors together, the shearing pin assembly being configured to be sheared under torque to disconnect the first and second connectors.

[0015] Furthermore, the perforation tool includes a perforation gun actuator connected to the hand-dropping tool and a perforation gun connected to the perforation gun actuator. The perforation gun has multiple rectangular slot-shaped outlets arranged in a double helix pattern with a helix angle of 360°.

[0016] The method of using the aforementioned one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing, as disclosed in this disclosure, includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing into the well, position the perforation gun at the perforation section, and activate the perforation gun activator to activate the perforation gun so that the perforation penetrates the inner casing and enters the annulus between the inner and outer casings, breaking the cement ring in the annulus without damaging the outer casing; Step 2: After perforation, position the well abandonment plug setting tool at the designed position below the perforation section, pressurize and activate the well abandonment plug setting tool, so that the well abandonment plug setting tool sets on the inner wall of the inner casing; Step 3: Raise the tool to check the reliability of the well abandonment plug setting tool, and after passing the inspection, rotate the tool with a certain torque to activate the release tool, realizing the disengagement of the second joint of the release tool from the first joint, completing the release of the lower tool string; Step 4: Raise the tool to the blind hole section above the perforation section, insert the second setting ball, and start the pump to deliver the second setting ball. Step 5: The first setting ball is inserted into the cementing ball seat and pushed downwards to open the cleaning channel of the cleaning tool. Then, the pump is turned on to flush the cement and other impurities in the annulus. After flushing, the tool is lifted to the blind pipe section and pressure is continued until the secondary shear pin is cut off, and the cleaning tool ball seat and the second setting ball are removed from the tool. Step 6: The first setting ball is inserted and the pump is turned on to send the first setting ball into the cementing ball seat and push the cementing ball seat downwards to open the cementing channel of the cementing plug tool. Then, the sealing material is injected into the entire cross section of the annulus to complete the direct sealing of the formation. After cementing is completed, the tool is lifted to the blind pipe section and pressure is continued until the secondary shear pin is cut off, and the cementing ball seat and the first setting ball are removed from the tool. Step 7: The tool is lifted to the designed position and the pump is turned on to circulate and flush the well to wash out the excess sealing material. Step 8: The tool is lifted to remove the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool and the second connector of the release tool together, and the well abandonment operation is completed.

[0017] This disclosed high-efficiency plugging tool and process, which integrates perforation, flushing, and cementing in a single drilling run, is an effective technology for sealing off substandard cementing quality in the casing annulus and addressing the influence of shallow gas. It allows for the completion of casing perforation, bridge plug placement, annulus flushing, and cementing in a single drilling run, creating a complete formation-to-formation sealing system within the wellbore. This process is simpler, more time-saving, and more efficient, and can be safely and effectively executed in the field. While both this process and traditional segment milling require a sufficiently high mud density to maintain the stability of the exposed formation, this process does not require high-viscosity fluids to carry away iron filings in the well. Furthermore, the sealing effect of the cement plug can be verified using this process. After sealing, the cement plug can be drilled through for cemented logging and to evaluate and verify the annulus integrity.

[0018] Overview of the attached figures

[0019] Figure 1 is a structural schematic diagram of a one-pass high-efficiency sealing tool for perforation, flushing and cementing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure;

[0020] Figure 2 is a structural schematic diagram of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool shown in Figure 1;

[0021] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the cementing ball seat shown in Figure 2;

[0022] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cementing sliding sleeve body shown in Figure 2;

[0023] Figure 5 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the ball seat of the cleaning tool shown in Figure 2;

[0024] Figure 6 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the cleaning tool body shown in Figure 2;

[0025] Figure 7 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the first leather cup packer body shown in Figure 2;

[0026] Figure 8 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in the high-pressure jet cleaning annular mode.

[0027] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the operation of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool according to an embodiment of the present disclosure in cementing mode;

[0028] Figure 10 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool shown in Figure 1;

[0029] Figure 11 is a structural schematic diagram of the drop tool shown in Figure 1;

[0030] Figure 12 is a schematic diagram of the flow direction of liquid in the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool during the reverse circulation well washing process;

[0031] Figure 13 is a schematic diagram of the traditional segment milling process.

[0032] Preferred embodiments of this disclosure

[0033] To better understand the purpose, structure, and function of this disclosure, a more detailed description of this disclosure is provided below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0034] Figure 1 shows the structure of a one-pass high-efficiency sealing tool 1000 for perforation, flushing and cementing according to an embodiment of the present disclosure. As shown in Figure 1, the high-efficiency plugging tool 1000 for perforation, flushing, and cementing in one go may include: an integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool 100, a release tool 200, a well abandonment bridge plug setting tool 300, and a perforation tool 400, which are coaxially connected from top to bottom. The perforation tool 400 is used to perforate the poorly cemented section of the annulus 103 located between the inner casing 101 and the outer casing 102 to break the cement ring 104 in the annulus. The well abandonment bridge plug setting tool 300 is used to set the well below the poorly cemented section. The release tool 200 is used to disengage from the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool 300 after the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool 300 has been set. The integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool 100 is used to first flush the perforated section 105 to remove the broken cement and other impurities from the perforated section annulus 103, and then inject cement into the perforated section annulus 103.

[0035] The efficient perforation, flushing, and cementing plugging tool 1000 of this disclosure can complete four processes in one drilling run: casing perforation, setting the wellhead bridge plug, cleaning the annulus, and cementing. This greatly improves the efficiency of well abandonment operations, effectively seals the casing and annulus, forming a complete closed system, thereby achieving high sealing quality and effectively improving operational efficiency.

[0036] According to this disclosure, in a preferred embodiment as shown in FIG1, the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool 100 may include a tool body, which includes an upper connector 1, an upper connecting body 5, a cementing sleeve body 7, a short connecting body 11, a cleaning tool body 14, a lower connecting body 18, and a lower connector 19 that are coaxially connected (preferably coaxially threaded) in sequence. An axially penetrating fluid channel 26 is formed inside the tool body; a first cup packer 30 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the upper connecting body 5, and a lower connector 19 is sleeved on the outer periphery of the lower connecting body 18. The second cup packer 40; a cementing plug tool, comprising a cementing ball seat 6 fixed within the cementing sleeve body 7 and a first setting ball 8, wherein an orifice 25 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cementing sleeve body 7, and the cementing ball seat 6 initially blocks the orifice 25; and a cleaning tool, comprising a cleaning tool ball seat 16 fixed within the cleaning tool body 14 and a second setting ball 13, wherein a nozzle 15 is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cleaning tool body 14, and the cleaning tool ball seat 16 initially blocks the nozzle 15. The integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool is configured with a high-pressure jet cleaning annulus mode: the second setting ball 13 enters the fluid channel 26 and, under external pressure, pushes the cleaning tool ball seat 16 downward relative to the cleaning tool body 14 to connect the fluid channel 26 with the nozzle; and a cementing mode: the first setting ball 8 enters the fluid channel and, under external pressure, pushes the cementing ball seat 6 downward relative to the cementing sleeve body 7 to connect the fluid channel 26 with the orifice 25.

[0037] The integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool 100 of this embodiment has a first cup packer 30 and a second cup packer 40 respectively installed on the upper and lower parts of the tool body. The first cup packer 30 and the second cup packer 40 are used to simultaneously form a seal with the inner sleeve 101 (as shown in Figures 2 and 3), thus forming a perfect "closed" system. The cement plug injection tool and the cleaning tool are both located between the first cup packer 30 and the second cup packer 40. This closed system forms the only channel for high-pressure cleaning fluid or cement slurry to enter the perforated annulus on the sleeve 101 through the nozzle 15 or the orifice 25. Through its ingenious structural design, the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool 100 achieves internal function control through a ball-throwing or pressure-pressing mechanism, realizing the conversion between high-pressure jet cleaning of the annulus and cement injection functions. It is simple to operate and simplifies the work procedure.

[0038] According to this disclosure, and in conjunction with Figures 2 and 5, the cleaning tool may further include a primary shearing pin 23 and a secondary shearing pin 24. The cleaning tool ball seat 16 is fixed to the cleaning tool body 14 by the primary shearing pin 23, and the secondary shearing pin 24 is used to limit the cleaning tool ball seat 16. In the high-pressure jet cleaning annular mode, the second setting ball 13 enters the fluid channel and pushes the cleaning tool ball seat 16 to shear the primary shearing pin 23 under the action of external pressure, so that the cleaning tool ball seat 16 moves downward relative to the cleaning tool body 14 to the secondary shearing pin 24 and stops moving, thereby connecting the fluid channel 26 with the nozzle 15 to achieve rinsing. After rinsing is completed, the secondary shearing pin 24 continues to be sheared, so that the cleaning tool ball seat 16 and the second setting ball 13 disengage from the fluid channel 26.

[0039] Further, as shown in Figures 2 and 5, the cleaning tool ball seat 16 may include a cleaning tool ball seat body 161 and a second annular groove 162 formed on the outer periphery of the cleaning tool ball seat body 161. In the initial state, the secondary shearing pin 24 abuts against one end of the second annular groove 162 near the lower connector 19, and the primary shearing pin 23 is fixedly connected to the outside of the second annular groove 162. After the primary shearing pin 23 is cut off, the cleaning tool ball seat 16 moves downward, causing the secondary shearing pin 24 to slide upward relative to the cleaning tool ball seat 16 within the second annular groove 162 until the secondary shearing pin 24 stops moving when it abuts against one end of the second annular groove 162 near the upper connector 1. After rinsing, the secondary shearing pin 24 is cut off by the end of the second annular groove 162 away from the lower connector, causing the cleaning tool ball seat 16 and the second setting ball 13 to disengage from the fluid channel, that is, to disengage from the inside of the release tool 200 and fall into the inner sleeve 101. This embodiment is used to lock and release the cleaning tool ball seat 16 inside the cleaning tool body 14, thereby controlling the opening of the high-pressure cleaning channel. When the cleaning tool ball seat 16 moves downward inside the cleaning tool body 14, the nozzle 15 on the cleaning tool body 14 will be opened.

[0040] According to this disclosure, and in conjunction with Figures 2 and 3, the cementing plug tool may further include a primary shear pin 9 and a secondary shear pin 10. The cementing ball seat 6 is fixed to the cementing sleeve body 7 by the primary shear pin 9, and the secondary shear pin 10 is used to limit the cementing ball seat 6. In the cementing mode, the first setting ball 8 enters the fluid channel and pushes the cementing ball seat 6 to shear the primary shear pin 9 under external pressure, so that the cementing ball seat 6 moves downward relative to the cementing sleeve body 7 to the secondary shear pin 10 and stops moving, thereby connecting the fluid channel 26 with the orifice 25 to realize cementing. After the cementing is completed, the secondary shear pin 10 continues to be sheared, so that the cementing ball seat 6 and the first setting ball 8 are dislodged from the fluid channel.

[0041] Further, referring to Figures 2 and 3, the cementing ball seat 6 may include a cementing ball seat body 61 and a first annular groove 62 formed on the outer periphery of the cementing ball seat body 61. In the initial state, the secondary shear pin 10 abuts against the end of the first annular groove 62 near the lower connector 19, and the primary shear pin 9 is fixedly connected to the outside of the first annular groove 62. After the primary shear pin 9 is sheared, the cementing ball seat 6 moves downward, causing the secondary shear pin 10 to slide upward relative to the cementing ball seat 6 within the first annular groove 62 until the secondary shear pin 10 stops moving when it abuts against the end of the first annular groove 62 near the upper connector 1. After cementing is completed, the secondary shear pin 10 is sheared by the end of the first annular groove 62 away from the lower connector, causing the cementing ball seat 6 and the first setting ball 8 to disengage from the fluid channel, that is, to disengage from the inside of the release tool 200 and fall into the inner casing 101. This embodiment is used to lock and release the cementing ball seat 6 inside the cementing sleeve body 7, thereby controlling the opening of the mud injection channel. When the cementing ball seat 6 moves downward inside the cementing sleeve body 7, the channel 25 on the cementing sleeve body 7 will be opened.

[0042] According to this disclosure, in a preferred embodiment as shown in FIG. 2, the first cup packer 30 may include a first cup packer body 2 sleeved on the outer periphery of the upper connecting body 5, two sets of first cups 3 sequentially sleeved on the first cup packer body 2, and a first spacer ring 4 located between the two sets of first cups 3; the second cup packer 40 includes a second cup packer body 20 sleeved on the outer periphery of the lower connecting body 18, two sets of second cups 21 sequentially sleeved on the second cup packer body 20, and a second spacer ring 22 located between the two sets of second cups 21. In this embodiment, the first spacer ring 4 serves to separate the two sets of first cups 3, and the second spacer ring 22 serves to separate the two sets of second cups 21; when the tool body rotates, the first cup packer 30 and the second cup packer 40 do not rotate accordingly, avoiding wear between the first cups 3 and second cups 21 and the sleeve 101, and improving the tool's service life.

[0043] Furthermore, referring to Figures 4, 6, 7, and 12, a first well-washing hole 31 is formed in the area between the upper connector 1 and the adjacent first cup 3 of the first cup packer body 2 (as shown in Figures 7 and 12). A first channel 32 communicating with the first well-washing hole 31 is formed between the first cup packer body 2 and the upper connecting body 5 (as shown in Figure 12). A second channel 71 (as shown in Figure 4) and a third channel 141 (as shown in Figure 6) are formed inside the outer walls of the cementing sleeve body 7 and the cleaning tool body 14, respectively. A second well-washing hole 41 is formed in the area between the lower connector 19 and the adjacent second cup 21 of the second cup packer body 20 (as shown in Figure 12). A channel 32 communicating with the first well-washing hole 31 is formed between the second cup packer body 20 and the lower connecting body 18. The fourth channel 42, which connects to the second well-washing hole 41, can also include a well-washing mode after cementing in the high-efficiency plugging tool 1000 that integrates perforation, flushing, and cementing in one trip: the first channel 32, the second channel 71, the third channel 141, and the fourth channel 42 are connected. The well-washing fluid enters the first well-washing hole 31, the first channel 32, the second channel 71, the third channel 141, the fourth channel 42, and the second well-washing hole 41 in sequence through the annulus between the casing and the tool, and is then discharged from bottom to top through the fluid channel 26, i.e., reverse circulation well-washing; or the well-washing fluid enters through the fluid channel 26 and passes through the second well-washing hole 41, the fourth channel 42, the third channel 141, the second channel 71, the first channel 32, and the first well-washing hole 31 in sequence, and is then discharged from the annulus between the casing and the tool, i.e., forward circulation well-washing.

[0044] Preferably, as shown in Figure 2, copper rings 17 can be respectively provided between the end face of the upper connector 1 and the end face of the first cup packer body 2, between the end face of the first cup packer body 2 and the end face of the cementing sleeve body 7, between the end face of the second cup packer body 20 and the end face of the cleaning tool body 14, and between the second cup packer body 20 and the lower connector 19. The copper rings 17 are used to prevent wear between the contact end faces when the tool body rotates.

[0045] In the preferred embodiment shown in Figure 2, a sealing ring 12 may be provided between the opposite ends of the cementing sleeve body 7 and the cleaning tool body 14 to seal the connection between the ends of the cementing sleeve body 7 and the cleaning tool body 14.

[0046] The working principle of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool 100 of this disclosure embodiment is described below with reference to Figures 2, 8, and 9:

[0047] As shown in Figures 2 and 8, the second setting ball 13 is inserted into the fluid channel 26 and then into the cleaning tool ball seat 16. Liquid A is pumped into the tool to the setting pressure, and the primary shear pin 23 of the cleaning tool ball seat 16 is sheared. Under hydraulic pressure, the cleaning tool ball seat 16 moves down along the inner wall of the cleaning tool body 14 until it stops sliding due to the resistance of the secondary shear pin 24. At this time, the cleaning tool ball seat 16 is disengaged from the sealed position, and the cleaning channel provided on the cleaning tool body 14 is opened. The high-pressure cleaning fluid penetrates the multiple perforations 1001 on the perforation section C1 of the sleeve along the nozzle 15 and thoroughly cleans the annulus.

[0048] As shown in Figures 2 and 9, after the full-bore tubing is cleaned, the pressure suddenly drops to 0, activating the cementing function of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool 100 through the ball-dropping mechanism. The first setting ball 8 is inserted into the fluid channel 26 into the cementing ball seat 6, forming a localized sealing space inside the cementing plug tool. Cement B is injected into the cementing plug tool to the setting pressure. The primary shear pin 9 of the cementing ball seat 6 is sheared off under shearing force. The cementing ball seat 6 slides along the inner wall of the cementing sleeve body 7 under hydraulic pressure until it stops sliding due to the resistance of the secondary shear pin 10. At this point, the cementing ball seat 6 disengages from the sealed position, the orifice 25 on the cementing sleeve body 7 is opened, and the cementing channel is opened. Under the action of liquid pressure and its own gravity, the cement slurry penetrates through the cementing channel and passes through multiple perforations 1001 on the perforated section C2 of the casing 101, squeezing the sealing material onto the cross-section. The sealing material is effectively squeezed into the wellbore and annulus, leaving a uniform sealed cement plug in the sealing area.

[0049] After the sealing material is completed, as shown in Figure 12, taking reverse circulation well washing as an example, the entire tool is lifted to the blind pipe section. The washing fluid enters from the annulus between the tool and the casing, enters the tool clamping cavity (i.e., the first channel 32, the second channel 71, the third channel 141 and the fourth channel 42) through the first washing hole 31 on the first cup packer body 2, and flows out of the tool clamping cavity through the second washing hole 41 on the second cup packer body 20. Finally, the washing fluid returns through the fluid channel 26 in the middle of the tool. This process can wash out the residual cement slurry in the tubing, keep the tool and drill pipe clean, and at the same time complete the cleaning of the wellbore.

[0050] According to this disclosure, as shown in FIG10, the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 may include a top connector 301, an outer cylinder 302, a piston 303, an inner mandrel 304, a first shear pin 305, a pressure sleeve 306, an elastic connector 307, an extension mandrel 308, a setting sleeve 309, a lower sealing sleeve 310, a top connector 311, a mandrel 312, a top conical sleeve 313, an upper slip 314, a rubber sleeve 315, a lower slip 316, and a bottom connector 317; wherein, the inner and outer surfaces of the end of the top connector 301 are fixedly connected to the inner mandrel 304 and the outer cylinder 302, respectively; the piston 303 is sleeved between the inner mandrel 304 and the outer cylinder 302, and the end of the piston 303 is positioned with the outer cylinder 302 by the first shear pin 305; the pressure sleeve 306 is sleeved on the end of the inner mandrel 304. The extension mandrel 308 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the end of the inner mandrel 304; the elastic joint 307 is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner mandrel 304 and can slide on the outer surface of the extension mandrel 308; the seat sleeve 309 is fixedly connected to the end of the elastic joint 307; the lower sealing sleeve 310 is fixedly connected to the end of the extension mandrel 308; the top joint 311 is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the front end of the lower sealing sleeve 310; the mandrel 312 is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the end of the top joint 311; the bottom joint 317 is fixedly connected to the end of the mandrel 312; the top conical sleeve 313, the upper slip 314, the rubber sleeve 315, and the lower slip 316 are sequentially sleeved on the outer surface of the mandrel 312 and can move along the outer surface of the mandrel 312 under the action of external force.

[0051] The abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 can be hydraulically set. The pump is turned on, pressurizing the tool to the release pressure of the piston 303. The setting shear of the piston 303 breaks the first shear pin 305. The piston 303 descends, pushing the pressure sleeve 306 to move. The setting shear of the pressure sleeve 306 breaks the second shear pin and descends to the upper end face of the elastic joint 307. The elastic joint 307 is fixedly connected to the setting sleeve 309. Under hydraulic pressure, it further descends, pushing the top cone sleeve 313 to move. The tapered sleeve 313 transmits the force to the upper slip 314, the rubber sleeve 315, and the lower slip 316. Under the action of the force, the lower slip 316 deforms first, and its teeth extend to firmly bite into the inner wall of the inner sleeve 101, achieving axial and circumferential positioning of the lower slip 316. Under the continuous action of hydraulic force, the upper slip 314 continues to descend, pushing the rubber sleeve 315 to expand, and finally stabilizing until the upper slip 314 is engaged with the inner wall of the inner sleeve 101, thereby anchoring the entire tool. Through the meshing action of the slip 314 and the inner sleeve 101, the tool position is fixed, eliminating the risk of tool slippage caused by mechanical force and fluid pressure.

[0052] According to this disclosure, as shown in FIG11, the drop tool 200 may include a first connector 203 for connecting to the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300, a second connector 201 for connecting to the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool 100, and a shearing pin assembly 202 for connecting the first connector 203 and the second connector 201 together, which are coaxially connected in sequence. The shearing pin assembly 202 is configured to be sheared under torque to disconnect the first connector 203 from the second connector 201. The drop tool 200 is mainly used when dropping the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300. After the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 is set, the tubing is rotated forward, and the shearing pin assembly 202 on the drop tool 200 is sheared under torque. The first connector 203 and the second connector 201 are disengaged, and the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 is disengaged from the upper tubing. The tools above the second connector 201 of the drop tool 200 can be removed to simplify subsequent operating procedures. The drop tool 200 is activated by shear pins and can be preferably configured with 8 shear pin installation positions, the number of which can be adjusted according to well conditions.

[0053] According to this disclosure, as shown in FIG1, the perforation tool 400 may include a perforation gun actuator 401 connected to the first connector 203 of the release tool 200 and a perforation gun 402 connected to the perforation gun actuator 401. The perforation gun 402 has a plurality of rectangular groove-shaped outlets 403 formed thereon, and the outlets 403 are arranged in a double helix shape with a helix angle of 360°. The perforating gun 402 can be activated by the perforating gun actuator 401. The perforating gun 402 can use a new type of explosive. After the new explosive penetrates the inner casing 101, it can form a series of horizontal rectangular grooves on the inner casing 101. The outlet 403 of the perforating gun 402 adopts a groove-shaped structure design, which enables the horizontal rectangular grooves formed after penetrating the inner casing 101 to overlap. The overlapped horizontal rectangular grooves form a 360° annular channel on the inner casing 101 or the tubing. The channel of this shape has a larger coverage area in the horizontal direction of the casing. As long as the rectangular channels achieve 50% overlap, a complete annular perforation area can be obtained, achieving 360° all-round coverage, which can penetrate the pores between the casing and the cement and between the cement and the formation.

[0054] The method of using the above-disclosed one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool 1000 for perforation, flushing, and cementing can include the following steps:

[0055] Step 1 S1: Insert the above-mentioned high-efficiency plugging tool 1000 for perforation, flushing and cementing into the well, position the perforation gun 402 at the perforation section 105, turn on the perforation gun activator 401, and then activate the perforation gun 402 to make the perforation penetrate the inner casing 101 and enter the annulus 103 between the inner casing 101 and the outer casing 102, and break the cement ring 104 in the annulus without damaging the outer casing 102.

[0056] Step 2 S2: After perforation is completed, position the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 at the designed position below the perforation section 105, pressurize and activate the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300, and set the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300 on the inner wall of the inner casing 101.

[0057] Step 3 S3: Raise the tool to check the reliability of the setting of the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool 300. After the inspection is qualified, rotate the tool with a certain torque to start the release tool 200, so as to disengage the second joint 201 of the release tool 200 from the first joint 203 and complete the release of the lower tool string.

[0058] Step 4 S4: Raise the tool to the blind hole section above the perforation section 105, insert the second setting ball 13, start the pump to send the second setting ball 13 into the cleaning tool ball seat 16 and push the cleaning tool ball seat 16 downward to open the cleaning channel of the cleaning tool. Then start the pump to flush the cement and other impurities in the annulus. After flushing, raise the tool to the blind pipe section and continue to pressurize until the secondary shear nail 24 is sheared, and the cleaning tool ball seat 16 and the second setting ball 13 are removed from the tool.

[0059] Step 5 S5: Insert the first setting ball 8, start the pump to send the first setting ball 8 into the cementing ball seat 6 and push the cementing ball seat 6 downward to open the cementing channel of the cementing plug tool. Then inject the sealing material into the entire cross section of the annulus 103 to complete the direct sealing of the formation. After the cementing is completed, lift the tool to the blind pipe section and continue to pressurize until the secondary shear pin 10 is sheared off, and the cementing ball seat 6 and the first setting ball 8 are removed from the tool.

[0060] Step S6: Continue to lift the tool to the designed position, start the pump to circulate and flush the well, and wash out the excess sealing material;

[0061] Step 7 S7: Lift the tool to remove the second connector 201 of the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool 1000 and the release tool 200 together, and the well abandonment operation is completed.

[0062] It should be noted that, unless otherwise stated, the technical or scientific terms used in this application shall have the ordinary meaning as understood by one of ordinary skill in the art to which this disclosure pertains.

[0063] In the description of this application, it should be understood that the terms "first," "second," etc., are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance or implicitly specifying the number of technical features indicated.

[0064] Finally, it should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solutions of this disclosure, and not to limit them. Although this disclosure has been described in detail with reference to the foregoing embodiments, those skilled in the art should understand that modifications can still be made to the technical solutions described in the foregoing embodiments, or equivalent substitutions can be made to some or all of the technical features therein. These modifications or substitutions do not cause the essence of the corresponding technical solutions to deviate from the scope of the technical solutions of the embodiments of this disclosure, and they should all be covered within the scope of the claims and specification of this disclosure. In particular, as long as there is no structural conflict, the various technical features mentioned in the various embodiments can be combined in any way. This disclosure is not limited to the specific embodiments disclosed herein, but includes all technical solutions falling within the scope of the claims.

Claims

1. A high-efficiency sealing tool that combines perforation, flushing, and cement injection in one pass, characterized in that, include: The components, arranged coaxially from top to bottom, include an integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool, a release tool, a well abandonment bridge plug setting tool, and a perforation tool. The perforation tool is used to perforate the poorly cemented casing section to break up the poorly cemented cement annulus located between the inner and outer casing. The well abandonment bridge plug setting tool is used to set the poorly cemented casing section below it. The release tool is used to disengage from the well abandonment bridge plug setting tool after setting. The integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool is used to first flush the poorly cemented casing section to flush out the broken cement from the annulus, and then inject cement into the annulus.

2. The efficient sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing in one pass according to claim 1, characterized in that, The integrated high-pressure flushing and cement plug injection tool includes: The tool body includes an upper connector, an upper connecting body, a cementing sleeve body, a short connecting body, a cleaning tool body, a lower connecting body, and a lower connector that are coaxially connected in sequence. An axially penetrating fluid channel is formed inside the tool body. A first cup sealer fitted around the outer periphery of the upper connector and a second cup sealer fitted around the outer periphery of the lower connector; The cementing plug tool includes a cementing ball seat fixed inside the cementing sleeve body and a first setting ball. An orifice is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cementing sleeve body, and the cementing ball seat initially blocks the orifice. A cleaning tool includes a cleaning tool ball seat fixed within a cleaning tool body and a second sealing ball. A nozzle is formed on the outer peripheral wall of the cleaning tool body, and the cleaning tool ball seat initially blocks the nozzle. The integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool is configured to have a high-pressure jet cleaning annulus mode: the second setting ball enters the fluid channel and, under external pressure, pushes the cleaning tool ball seat downward relative to the cleaning tool body to make the fluid channel communicate with the nozzle; and a cementing mode: the first setting ball enters the fluid channel and, under external pressure, pushes the cementing ball seat downward relative to the cementing sleeve body to make the fluid channel communicate with the orifice.

3. The efficient sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing in one trip according to claim 2, characterized in that, The cleaning tool further includes a primary shearing pin and a secondary shearing pin. The cleaning tool ball seat is fixed to the cleaning tool body by the primary shearing pin, and the secondary shearing pin is used to limit the movement of the cleaning tool ball seat. In the high-pressure jet cleaning annular mode, the second setting ball enters the fluid channel and, under the action of external pressure, pushes the cleaning tool ball seat to shear the primary shearing pin, so that the cleaning tool ball seat moves downward relative to the cleaning tool body to the secondary shearing pin and stops moving. This allows the fluid channel to connect with the nozzle to achieve rinsing. After rinsing is completed, the secondary shearing pin continues to be sheared, so that the cleaning tool ball seat and the second setting ball disengage from the fluid channel.

4. The efficient, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The cementing plug tool also includes a primary shear pin and a secondary shear pin. The cementing ball seat is fixed to the cementing sleeve body by the primary shear pin, and the secondary shear pin is used to limit the cementing ball seat. In the cementing mode, the first setting ball enters the fluid channel and pushes the cementing ball seat to shear the primary shear pin under external pressure, so that the cementing ball seat moves downward relative to the cementing sleeve body to the secondary shear pin and stops moving, thereby connecting the fluid channel with the orifice to realize cementing. After cementing is completed, the secondary shear pin continues to be sheared, so that the cementing ball seat and the first setting ball disengage from the fluid channel.

5. The efficient, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing as described in claim 2 or 3, characterized in that, The first cup packer includes a first cup packer body fitted around the outer periphery of the upper connector, two sets of first cups fitted onto the first cup packer body, and a first spacer ring located between the two sets of first cups; the second cup packer includes a second cup packer body fitted around the outer periphery of the lower connector, two sets of second cups fitted onto the second cup packer body, and a second spacer ring located between the two sets of second cups.

6. The efficient sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing in one trip according to claim 5, characterized in that, The first cup packer body has a first well-washing hole in the area between the upper connector and the adjacent first cup. A first channel communicating with the first well-washing hole is formed between the first cup packer body and the upper connector. The inner walls of the cementing sleeve body and the cleaning tool body have a second channel and a third channel, respectively. The second cup packer body has a second well-washing hole in the area between the lower connector and the adjacent second cup. A fourth channel communicating with the second well-washing hole is formed between the second cup packer body and the lower connector. The perforation, flushing and cementing one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool also includes a well-washing mode after cementing is completed: the first channel, the second channel, the third channel and the fourth channel are connected. The well-washing fluid enters the first channel, the second channel, the third channel and the fourth channel in sequence through the annulus between the casing and the tool, and is discharged from bottom to top through the fluid channel. Alternatively, the well-washing fluid enters through the fluid channel and passes through the fourth channel, the third channel, the second channel and the first channel in sequence, and is discharged from the annulus between the casing and the tool.

7. The efficient, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The abandoned well bridge plug setting tool includes a top connector, an outer cylinder, a piston, an inner mandrel, a first shear pin, a pressure sleeve, an elastic connector, an extension mandrel, a setting sleeve, a lower sealing sleeve, a top connector, a mandrel, a top conical sleeve, upper slips, a rubber sleeve, lower slips, and a bottom connector; wherein, the inner and outer surfaces of the end of the top connector are fixedly connected to the inner mandrel and the outer cylinder, respectively; the piston is sleeved between the inner mandrel and the outer cylinder, and the end of the piston is positioned to the outer cylinder by the first shear pin; the pressure sleeve is sleeved at the end of the inner mandrel and positioned by a second shear pin; the extension mandrel is fixedly connected to the... The inner surface of the end of the inner mandrel; the elastic joint is sleeved on the outer surface of the inner mandrel and can slide on the outer surface of the extended mandrel; the seated sleeve is fixedly connected to the end of the elastic joint; the lower sealing sleeve is fixedly connected to the end of the extended mandrel; the top joint is fixedly connected to the outer surface of the front end of the lower sealing sleeve; the mandrel is fixedly connected to the inner surface of the end of the top joint; the bottom joint is fixedly connected to the end of the mandrel; the top conical sleeve, the upper slip, the rubber sleeve, and the lower slip are sequentially sleeved on the outer surface of the mandrel and can move along the outer surface of the mandrel under the action of external force.

8. The efficient, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The drop tool includes a first connector coaxially connected in sequence to the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool, a second connector to the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool, and a shearing pin assembly for connecting the first connector and the second connector together. The shearing pin assembly is configured to be sheared under torque to disconnect the first connector from the second connector.

9. The efficient, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that, The perforating tool includes a perforating gun actuator connected to the hand-dropping tool and a perforating gun connected to the perforating gun actuator. The perforating gun has multiple rectangular slot-shaped outlets, which are arranged in a double helix pattern with a helix angle of 360°.

10. A method of using a high-efficiency, one-pass sealing tool for perforation, flushing, and cementing according to any one of claims 1 to 9, characterized in that, Includes the following steps: Step 1: Insert the perforation, flushing and cementing one-pass high-efficiency plugging tool into the well, position the perforation gun at the perforation section, turn on the perforation gun activator, and then activate the perforation gun to make the perforation penetrate the inner casing and enter the annulus between the inner casing and the outer casing, and break the cement ring in the annulus without damaging the outer casing. Step 2: After perforation is completed, position the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool at the designed position below the perforation section, pressurize and activate the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool, and complete the setting of the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool on the inner wall of the inner casing; Step 3: Raise the tool to check the reliability of the setting of the abandoned well bridge plug setting tool, and after the inspection is qualified, rotate the tool with a certain torque to start the release tool, so as to disengage the second joint of the release tool from the first joint and complete the release of the lower tool string; Step 4: Raise the tool to the blind hole section above the perforation section, insert the second setting ball, start the pump to send the second setting ball into the cleaning tool ball seat and push the cleaning tool ball seat downward to open the cleaning channel of the cleaning tool. Then start the pump to flush the filling material in the annulus. After flushing, raise the tool to the blind tube section and continue to pressurize until the secondary shear pin is cut off. The cleaning tool ball seat and the second setting ball are dislodged from the tool. Step 5: Insert the first setting ball, start the pump to send the first setting ball into the cementing ball seat and push the cementing ball seat downward to open the cementing channel of the cementing plug tool. Then, inject the sealing material into the entire cross section of the annulus to complete the direct sealing of the formation. After the cementing is completed, lift the tool to the blind pipe section and continue to pressurize until the secondary shear pin is sheared off, and the cementing ball seat and the first setting ball are removed from the tool. Step Six: Continue to lift the tool to the designed position, start the pump to circulate and flush the well, and wash out the excess sealing material; Step 7: Lift the tool to remove the integrated high-pressure flushing and cementing plug tool and the second connector of the release tool together, and the well abandonment operation is completed.

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