Grate device and waste incinerator

Abstract

The present application discloses a grate device and a waste incinerator. The grate device comprises a grate driving mechanism (104) that reciprocally pushes out and retracts a movable grate (102). The grate driving mechanism (104) comprises a base (11) fixed to a machine frame (101) and a driving beam (111) linked to the movable grate (102). A driving oil cylinder (112) is provided on the base (11). An actuation end of the driving oil cylinder (112) is linkedly connected to a first hinge sleeve (121). A first hinge shaft (122) is rotatably inserted into the first hinge sleeve (121). The end of a driving rod (113) toward the driving oil cylinder (112) is linkedly connected to a second hinge sleeve (123). A second hinge shaft (124) is rotatably inserted into the second hinge sleeve (123). An adapter rod (125) is linkedly connected between the first hinge sleeve (121) and the second hinge sleeve (123). The axis of the first hinge shaft (122) and the axis of the second hinge shaft (124) are perpendicular to one another and are both perpendicular to the axis of the adapter rod (125), and the axis of one of the first hinge shaft (122) and the second hinge shaft (124) extends in a horizontal direction.

Description

grate assembly and waste incinerator

[0001] This application claims priority to Chinese Patent Application No. 202411662661.0, filed with the Chinese Patent Office on November 20, 2024, the entire contents of which are incorporated herein by reference. Technical Field

[0002] This application relates to the technical field of waste incinerators and associated waste conveying equipment, such as grate devices and waste incinerators using such grate devices. Background Technology

[0003] Waste-to-energy has become the mainstream technology for treating municipal solid waste, and waste incineration is one of the core processes. In the implementation of waste incineration, the reciprocating grate incinerator is the most widely used waste incineration equipment in the industry, possessing significant advantages in terms of operational stability, economic efficiency, and compliance with environmental emission standards.

[0004] For grate incinerators, based on the direction of grate movement, grates can be divided into forward-pushing grates and reverse-pushing grates. The forward-pushing grate moves in the same direction as the waste, while the reverse-pushing grate moves in the opposite direction to the waste.

[0005] According to its driving form, the forward-pushing grate can be divided into row-moving grate and moving grate. The row-moving grate refers to a grate composed of multiple rows of longitudinally arranged grate beams, in which the moving grate beams and stationary grate beams are arranged alternately, and the rows move in a staggered manner, thereby pushing the waste forward through the reciprocating motion of the moving grate beams; while the moving grate refers to a grate composed of multiple rows of transversely arranged grate beams, in which the moving grate beams and stationary grate beams are arranged alternately, and the waste is pushed forward through the reciprocating motion of the moving grate beams.

[0006] In actual equipment operation, the moving grate is driven by the tail hydraulic cylinder. The hydraulic cylinder pushes the drive shaft to rotate, and the rotation of the drive shaft drives the drive arm to swing back and forth. In turn, the drive arm pushes the drive beam to move back and forth. The drive beam is linked with multiple longitudinal moving beams, so that multiple moving beams can move back and forth synchronously with the drive beam.

[0007] However, although the grate actuation mechanism can meet the basic waste conveying needs, its drive shaft and supporting drive arm require a large vertical space to meet the rotation of the drive shaft and the reciprocating swing space of the drive arm. This requires sufficient vertical height space when arranging the grate equipment, resulting in a relatively high overall height of the grate equipment. The height of the plant and other facilities that house the grate equipment also needs to be increased to match the equipment layout requirements, which in turn increases civil engineering costs and the construction and maintenance costs of waste treatment plants and other facilities. Summary of the Invention

[0008] This application provides a grate-driven waste incinerator and a waste incinerator to solve the technical problem of how to adjust the drive structure of the grate to make its equipment structure more compact, thereby reducing the space requirements for its component layout and thus reducing the construction and maintenance costs of supporting facilities such as plant buildings.

[0009] This application provides a grate device, including a frame, a plurality of moving grates and stationary grates arranged at the top of the frame from high to low along the waste conveying direction, and a grate drive mechanism capable of driving the moving grates to reciprocate and retract. The grate drive mechanism includes a base fixed to the side of the frame and a drive beam linked to the moving grates. A drive cylinder is provided on the base. The actuating end of the drive cylinder is linked to the drive beam through a drive rod. The angle between the extension direction of the actuating end of the drive cylinder and the waste conveying direction is an acute angle. A first hinge sleeve is linked to the actuating end of the drive cylinder. A first hinge shaft is rotatably inserted into the first hinge sleeve. A second hinge sleeve is linked to the end of the drive rod facing the drive cylinder. A second hinge shaft is rotatably inserted into the second hinge sleeve. A transition rod is linked between the first hinge sleeve and the second hinge sleeve. The axes of the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the axis of the transition rod. The axis of one of the first hinge shaft and the second hinge shaft extends in the horizontal direction.

[0010] In one embodiment, a sealing shell with an internal sealing cavity is further provided between the driving cylinder and the driving rod. The axis of the first hinge shaft extends in the horizontal direction, and the first hinge sleeve is linked to the outer wall of the sealing shell. The second hinge sleeve and the second hinge shaft are both located in the sealing cavity. One end of the driving rod facing the driving cylinder extends into the sealing cavity, and a sealing sleeve adapted to fit the driving rod is provided in the sealing cavity.

[0011] In one embodiment, the sealed cavity is provided with a buffer support assembly capable of supporting the second hinge sleeve; the buffer support assembly includes a support plate located below the second hinge sleeve, and a support adjustment mechanism capable of driving the support plate to reciprocate along an axis perpendicular to the drive rod so that the support plate fully contacts the bottom of the second hinge sleeve.

[0012] In one embodiment, the support adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment plate arranged below the support plate, the adjustment plate being parallel to and clearance-fitted with the support plate, and an adjustment spring being embedded between the adjustment plate and the support plate, the axis of the adjustment spring being perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate; the buffer support assembly further includes a support frame fixed to the side wall of the sealing shell, both the support plate and the adjustment plate being located within the support frame; the support adjustment mechanism further includes an adjustment bolt threadedly inserted into the outer wall of the support frame, the adjustment bolt penetrating the outer wall of the support frame from the outside to the inside in a direction perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate, and the inner end of the adjustment bolt abutting against the bottom wall of the adjustment plate.

[0013] In one embodiment, a limiting boss protrudes from the inner wall of the inner end of the support frame and abuts against the top surface of the support plate.

[0014] In one embodiment, the support plate is provided with a buffer roller that contacts and engages with the second hinge sleeve.

[0015] In one embodiment, a synchronous limiting assembly is connected to the middle of the drive rod. The synchronous limiting assembly includes a limiting arm and a synchronous connecting rod that are hinged to each other. One end of the limiting arm is hinged to the outer wall of the drive rod, and the other end is hinged to one end of the synchronous connecting rod. The other end of the synchronous connecting rod is hinged to the frame.

[0016] This application also provides a waste incinerator, including a plurality of grate devices arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction, wherein the grate devices are as described in any of the preceding claims.

[0017] In one embodiment, a sliding plate is linked to the bottom of the moving grate, and a guide plate is provided on the frame and aligned below the sliding plate. The bottom surface of the sliding plate is in close contact with and slidably adapted to the top surface of the guide plate, and the extension direction of the top surface of the guide plate is consistent with the reciprocating motion direction of the drive beam. Attached Figure Description

[0018] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the layout of multiple grate devices arranged sequentially in a waste incinerator according to an embodiment of this application;

[0019] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the assembly structure of the grate device in Figure 1;

[0020] Figure 3 is a partial enlarged view of the grate drive mechanism in Figure 2;

[0021] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the contact fit between a support plate and a second hinge sleeve provided in an embodiment of this application.

[0022] Wherein: 10-Grate device; 101-Frame; 102-Moving grate; 103-Stationary grate; 104-Grate drive mechanism; 105-Slide plate; 106-Guide plate; 11-Base; 111-Drive beam; 112-Drive cylinder; 113-Drive rod; 121-First hinge sleeve; 122-First hinge shaft; 123-Second hinge sleeve; 124-Second hinge shaft; 125-Adapter rod; 13-Sealing shell; 131-Sealing cavity; 132-Sealing sleeve; 14-Support plate; 141-Adjusting plate; 142-Adjusting spring; 143-Support bracket; 144-Adjusting bolt; 145-Limiting boss; 146-Buffer roller; 15-Limiting swing arm; 151-Synchronous connecting rod. Detailed Implementation

[0023] This application provides a grate device with a compact structure and small required assembly space for its components, thereby reducing the construction and maintenance costs of supporting facilities such as plant buildings. This application also provides a waste incinerator using the above-described grate device.

[0024] Please refer to Figures 1 to 4.

[0025] The grate device 10 provided in this application includes a frame 101 and a plurality of moving grates 102 and stationary grates 103 arranged at the top of the frame 101 from high to low along the waste conveying direction. It also includes a grate drive mechanism 104 capable of driving the moving grates 102 to reciprocate to push out and retract.

[0026] The grate drive mechanism 104 includes a base 11 fixed to the side of the frame 101 and a drive beam 111 linked to the moving grate 102. A drive cylinder 112 is mounted on the base 11. The actuating end of the drive cylinder 112 is linked to the drive beam 111 via a drive rod 113. The angle between the extension direction of the actuating end of the drive cylinder 112 and the waste conveying direction is acute. This acute angle ensures that the reciprocating motion of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113 is fully adapted to the conveying direction of the waste material, allowing multiple moving grates 102 to extend along the waste conveying direction to complete the pushing operation. This ensures the efficiency of the multiple moving grates 102 in pushing the waste and guarantees continuous and efficient waste processing.

[0027] During the operation of the device, the driving oil cylinder 112 is utilized to drive the axial reciprocating movement of the driving rod 113, thereby driving the reciprocating movement of the driving beam 111. Furthermore, the driving beam 111 drives multiple moving grates 102 to synchronously perform the ejecting and retracting actions, thus achieving the step-by-step pushing and conveying of the garbage material located on the top surfaces of the multiple moving grates 102 and the stationary grate 103. Since the driving oil cylinder 112 with axial direct-drive reciprocating movement is adopted as the initial power source for the driving rod 113, the driving beam 111, and the multiple moving grates 102, only the action space of the driving oil cylinder 112 and the driving rod 113 in the generally horizontal direction needs to be ensured, without the need to arrange a large vertical installation space as in the related technologies to ensure the rotation of the driving shaft and the driving arm. As a result, the installation space required in the vertical direction for the grate device 10 in this solution is reduced. Moreover, since the action end of the driving oil cylinder 112 faces the interior of the grate device 10, the fixed installation space required for the main body structure of the driving oil cylinder 112 does not interfere with the space outside the grate device 10. Therefore, the space requirement for the horizontal arrangement of the grate device 10 is also not high, making the overall equipment structure of the grate device 10 more compact and regular, effectively reducing the space requirement for the installation and arrangement of the components of the grate device 10. Furthermore, the construction specifications of the supporting facilities such as the factory building for the overall equipment of the waste incinerator are adjusted, and the civil engineering and other supporting construction costs and facility maintenance costs are reduced.

[0028] Due to the adoption of the linkage driving mechanism with axial reciprocating movement formed by the cooperation of the driving oil cylinder 112, the driving rod 113, and the driving beam 111, during the actual equipment installation, the driving oil cylinder 112 can be arranged outside the furnace body of the waste incinerator. Only the length of the driving rod 113 itself is sufficient to meet the action amplitude requirements for driving the multiple moving grates 102 to reciprocate and extend and retract through the driving beam 111, so as to meet the operation requirements of garbage pushing. Thus, the driving oil cylinder 112, which is the core driving device of the action mechanism, can be far away from the high-temperature operation area inside the furnace body of the waste incinerator, thereby extending the service life of the driving oil cylinder 112 and improving the sealing effect of the sealing components of the driving oil cylinder 112 and the operation reliability of the supporting action components such as the driving rod 113.

[0029] Furthermore, in related technologies, the circumferential rotation and swing mechanism formed by the drive shaft and drive arm suffers from significant tangential stress and load during operation, leading to severe wear on its moving parts. Under long-term operation, the sealing performance of the adapted structure cannot be guaranteed. In contrast, the reciprocating linear motion mechanism formed by the drive cylinder 112 and drive rod 113 in this solution serves as the drive mechanism. This concentrates most of the stress during the reciprocating motion along the linear motion direction of the drive rod 113, significantly reducing the load. This effectively reduces the working wear of the drive rod 113 and other moving mechanisms, improves the working condition tolerance and service life of multiple moving components, enhances the operational stability of the grate device 10, and further reduces operating and maintenance costs.

[0030] The actuating end of the drive cylinder 112 is linked to a first hinge sleeve 121, and a first hinge shaft 122 is rotatably inserted inside the first hinge sleeve 121. The end of the drive rod 113 facing the drive cylinder 112 is linked to a second hinge sleeve 123, and a second hinge shaft 124 is rotatably inserted inside the second hinge sleeve 123. A transition rod 125 is linked between the first hinge sleeve 121 and the second hinge sleeve 123. The axes of the first hinge shaft 122 and the second hinge shaft 124 are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the axis of the transition rod. The axis of one of the first hinge shaft 122 and the second hinge shaft 124 extends in the horizontal direction. During equipment operation, as the drive cylinder 112 drives the drive rod 113 and drive beam 111 to reciprocate, the moving grate 102 experiences stress from supporting and pushing the waste material. This stress is then fed back to the drive rod 113 and the mating parts between the drive rod 113 and the drive cylinder 112, causing a left-right and up-down offset at the point where the drive cylinder 112's moving end connects to the drive rod 113. At this time, the hinge rotation between the first hinge sleeve 121 and the first hinge shaft 122, combined with the hinge rotation between the second hinge sleeve 123 and the second hinge shaft 124, allows the drive cylinder to... The actuating end of 112 and the adapter connection of the drive rod 113 swing moderately as the offset occurs, realizing the action compensation for the left-right and up-down offset generated during the transmission connection between the drive rod 113 and the drive cylinder 112. This effectively avoids damage and leakage to the sealing components of the drive cylinder 112 due to compression and local stress concentration caused by these swings, thereby effectively improving the structural sealing and fatigue strength of the drive cylinder 112 and its supporting components, and improving the overall working condition adaptability and durability of the grate device 10's actuating mechanism. As a result, the grate device 10 can ensure continuous and stable operation.

[0031] In the adapted application, a sealing shell 13 with an internal sealing cavity 131 is also provided between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. The axis of the first hinge shaft 122 extends in the horizontal direction, and the first hinge sleeve 121 is linked to the outer wall of the sealing shell 13. The second hinge sleeve 123 and the second hinge shaft 124 are both located in the sealing cavity 131. One end of the drive rod 113 facing the drive cylinder 112 extends into the sealing cavity 131, and a sealing sleeve 132 that fits the drive rod 113 is provided in the sealing cavity 131.

[0032] The sealing shell 13 provides a reliable assembly connection base and adequate structural support for the first hinge sleeve 121 and other supporting connecting parts, ensuring the structural strength of the connection between the actuating end of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. Combined with the spatial arrangement of the sealing cavity 131 and the assembly method of integrating the actuating components such as the second hinge sleeve 123 and the second hinge shaft 124 into the sealing cavity 131, the sealing shell 13 can provide complete structural protection for the linkage adaptation point between the actuating end of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, thereby further avoiding the failure of the sealing structure and the occurrence of air leakage, ash leakage and other situations that may occur during the operation of the actuating mechanism. This further ensures the transmission reliability between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, and improves the reciprocating efficiency of multiple moving grates 102 and the overall operational stability of the grate device 10.

[0033] The sealing sleeve 132 can be reliably adapted to the drive rod 113, thereby providing a stable structural seal and appropriate structural protection at the linkage connection between the drive rod 113 and the driving cylinder 112, so as to further avoid the occurrence of sealing failure such as leakage of liquid, air or ash, thereby further ensuring the transmission efficiency and stability between the driving cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, and ensuring the smooth and reliable operation of the grate device 10.

[0034] The sealed cavity 131 is internally equipped with a buffer support assembly capable of supporting the second hinge sleeve 123. The buffer support assembly includes a support plate 14 located below the second hinge sleeve 123, and a support adjustment mechanism capable of driving the support plate 14 to reciprocate along an axis perpendicular to the drive rod 113 so that the support plate 14 fully contacts the bottom of the second hinge sleeve 123. After the assembly is assembled in place, the support plate 14 can reliably contact the bottom of the second hinge sleeve 123, so as to provide structural support for the transmission connection between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113 by supporting the second hinge sleeve 123, thereby ensuring the transmission efficiency and linkage reliability between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113.

[0035] As the equipment continues to operate, the weight of the drive cylinder 112 and drive rod 113 may cause flexural wear along a direction perpendicular to the axis of the drive rod 113 at the contact point between the moving end of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. Continued wear can lead to failure of the sealing structure at the contact point, resulting in air and dust leaks, negatively impacting the transmission stability and linkage effect between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. To address this, the position of the support plate 14 can be adjusted using a support adjustment mechanism to ensure stable support for the second hinge shaft 124 and the contact point between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. In other words, when the connection between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113 experiences sinking and flexible deformation due to its own weight, the support plate 14 is moderately lifted by the support adjustment mechanism. Specifically, the support adjustment mechanism moves the support plate 14 upwards towards the direction of the second hinge sleeve 123 until the support plate 14 synchronously lifts the second hinge sleeve 123 onto the appropriate path that allows for the reciprocating motion of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, ensuring stable contact and support between the support plate 14 and the second hinge sleeve 123. This ensures reliable linkage and efficient operation between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, effectively preventing structural wear at the connection point due to its own weight. Consequently, the service life of the main moving parts, such as the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113, is further extended, resulting in greater operational tolerance and more stable and reliable operation of the entire grate device 10.

[0036] The support adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment plate 141 arranged below the support plate 14. The adjustment plate 141 is arranged parallel to the support plate 14 and is clearance-fitted with it. An adjustment spring 142 is embedded between the adjustment plate 141 and the support plate 14. The axis of the adjustment spring 142 is perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate 14.

[0037] The buffer support assembly also includes a support frame 143 fixed to the side wall of the sealing shell 13. The support plate 14 and the adjusting plate 141 are both located inside the support frame 143. The support adjustment mechanism also includes an adjusting bolt 144 threadedly inserted into the outer wall of the support frame 143. The adjusting bolt 144 passes through the outer wall of the support frame 143 from the outside to the inside in a direction perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate 14, and the inner end of the adjusting bolt 144 abuts against the bottom wall of the adjusting plate 141.

[0038] When the position of the support plate 14 needs to be adjusted, the adjusting bolt 144 is turned in the forward direction, so that the adjusting bolt 144 gradually extends into the sealing cavity 131. In this way, the adjusting plate 141 is lifted moderately by the abutting cooperation between the inner end of the adjusting bolt 144 and the adjusting plate 141. During this process, the adjusting spring 142 serves as the transmission component between the adjusting plate 141 and the support plate 14, thereby driving the support plate 14 to be lifted moderately and synchronously until the support plate 14 is lifted and moved to the target position to complete the lifting support of the second hinge sleeve 123 and the structural support of the connection between the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113. During the aforementioned component position adjustment process, the adjusting spring 142 can effectively absorb the structural impact between the adjusting plate 141 and the support plate 14, avoiding rigid contact between the two. During equipment operation, the adjusting spring 142 can cooperate with the support plate 14 to effectively alleviate the structural impact and vibration that may occur in the generally vertical direction during the reciprocating motion of the driving cylinder 112 and the driving rod 113. This further avoids structural wear at the junction of the driving cylinder 112 and the driving rod 113, ensuring the transmission efficiency and linkage reliability between the driving cylinder 112 and the driving rod 113.

[0039] When it is necessary to move the support plate 14 down, simply turn the adjusting bolt 144 in the opposite direction to move the adjusting bolt 144 down gradually, which will drive the adjusting plate 141 down synchronously, thereby causing the support plate 14 to move down synchronously as well.

[0040] The number of adjusting springs 142 is at least two, and at least two adjusting springs 142 are arranged in an array along the main extension surface of the support plate 14 to improve the buffering and support effect of the support plate 14 at different positions on the junction of the drive cylinder 112 and the drive rod 113.

[0041] Furthermore, a limiting boss 145 protrudes from the inner wall of the inner end of the support frame 143, which abuts against the top surface of the support plate 14. The support frame 143 is a frame structure to integrate components such as the support plate 14 and the adjusting plate 141 within the main structure of the support frame 143. Based on this, the limiting boss 145 at the inner end of the support frame 143 effectively limits the extreme position of the support plate 14 when it moves toward the second hinge sleeve 123 by abutting against the support plate 14, thus preventing the support plate 14 from falling out of the support frame 143. This ensures the assembly structure reliability and operational stability of the supporting adjustment mechanism and other supporting components, thereby making the operation and use of the grate device 10 more stable and reliable.

[0042] In practical assembly applications, a buffer roller 146 that contacts and engages with the second hinge sleeve 123 can also be provided on the support plate 14. In this way, the contact adaptation method between the support plate 14 and the second hinge sleeve 123 can be changed to rolling contact, thereby effectively avoiding wear on the main structure of the support plate 14 and the second hinge sleeve 123 caused by long-term surface contact and reciprocating sliding friction, thereby further extending the service life of the support plate 14 and the second hinge sleeve 123, and making the matching action mechanism of the grate device 10 more durable.

[0043] On the other hand, a synchronous limiting assembly is connected to the middle of the drive rod 113. The synchronous limiting assembly includes a limiting swing arm 15 and a synchronous connecting rod 151 that are hinged to each other. One end of the limiting swing arm 15 is hinged to the outer wall of the drive rod 113, and the other end is hinged to one end of the synchronous connecting rod 151. The other end of the synchronous connecting rod 151 is hinged to the frame 101. The multi-link hinge assembly formed by the limiting swing arm 15 and the synchronous connecting rod 151 in conjunction with the drive rod 113 can provide a synchronous linkage structural limit for the drive rod 113 during its reciprocating motion, ensuring that the reciprocating motion of the drive rod 113 always moves along its axial direction or approximately along its axial direction. This ensures the driving effect of the drive rod 113 on the lifting and retraction of the drive beam 111 and the multiple moving grates 102, and avoids loosening or misalignment of the drive rod 113 during its reciprocating motion. This improves the tracking performance and transmission efficiency of the reciprocating motion of the drive rod 113, and makes the operation of the grate device 10 more stable and efficient.

[0044] In the embodiments, the waste incinerator provided in this application includes multiple grate devices arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction, wherein the grate device is the grate device 10 as described above. The grate device 10 of this waste incinerator has a relatively compact structure and requires less space for component assembly and arrangement, thereby reducing the construction and maintenance costs of the waste incinerator's plant and other supporting facilities.

[0045] In practical applications, multiple grate devices 10 may be arranged collaboratively within a single waste incinerator to meet the waste processing needs of different workstations such as the drying section, combustion section, and burnout section. The number and arrangement of the grate devices 10 within the waste incinerator can be selected and adjusted according to different operating conditions and process layouts, and will not be elaborated further. In principle, the number and arrangement of the grate devices 10 are acceptable as long as they meet the actual application needs of the waste incinerator.

[0046] In addition, a sliding plate 105 is linked to the bottom of the moving grate 102, and a guide plate 106 is arranged on the frame 101 below the sliding plate 105. The bottom surface of the sliding plate 105 and the top surface of the guide plate 106 are closely attached and slidably adapted, and the extension direction of the top surface of the guide plate 106 is consistent with the reciprocating motion direction of the drive beam 111. During the reciprocating ejection and retraction of the moving grate 102, the bottom surface of the sliding plate 105 and the top surface of the guide plate 106 are always attached and reciprocally slidably adapted, thereby providing reliable structural support and stable motion guidance for the reciprocating motion of the moving grate 102, avoiding structural loosening or misalignment during the reciprocating motion of the moving grate 102, ensuring the tracking of the reciprocating motion of multiple moving grates 102 and the efficiency of waste pushing, thus making the waste incinerator more efficient and the operation process more stable and smooth.

[0047] The number of slide plates 105 can be multiple, and the multiple slide plates 105 are arranged in an array along the extension direction of the moving grate 102. The number of guide plates 106 is the same as the number of slide plates 105, so as to ensure that the multiple guide plates 106 can be aligned and arranged under the multiple slide plates 105 and slide to fit, thereby meeting the motion guidance and structural support requirements of the multiple moving grates 102 at multiple positions.

[0048] In summary, the grate device provided in this application utilizes a drive cylinder to drive the drive rod to move axially back and forth during operation, thereby driving the drive beam to move back and forth. The drive beam then drives multiple moving grates to simultaneously perform ejection and return actions, thus achieving step-by-step feeding and conveying of waste materials located on the top surfaces of multiple moving and stationary grates. Because an axially driven reciprocating hydraulic cylinder is used as the initial power source for the drive rod, drive beam, and multiple moving grates, only the horizontal movement space of the drive cylinder and drive rod needs to be ensured. Unlike related technologies, there is no need to arrange a large vertical assembly space to ensure the rotation of the drive shaft and drive arm. This reduces the vertical installation space required for the grate device in this solution. Since the moving end of the drive cylinder faces the inside of the grate device, the fixed installation space required for the main structure of the drive cylinder will not interfere with the space around the grate device. Therefore, the horizontal arrangement space requirement of the grate device is also low. This makes the overall equipment structure of the grate device more compact and regular, and effectively reduces the space requirement for the installation of grate device components. Consequently, the construction specifications of the supporting facilities such as the waste incinerator can be adjusted, and the construction costs of civil engineering and facility maintenance are reduced.

[0049] This application also provides a waste incinerator with a relatively compact grate device structure and a smaller required space for component assembly, thereby reducing the construction and maintenance costs of the waste incinerator's plant and other supporting facilities.

Claims

1. A grate device, comprising a frame (101), a plurality of moving grates (102) and a stationary grate (103) arranged at the top of the frame (101) from high to low along the waste conveying direction, and a grate drive mechanism (104) configured to drive the moving grates (102) to reciprocate to push out and retract, the grate drive mechanism (104) comprising a base (11) fixed to the side of the frame (101) and a drive beam (111) linked to the moving grates (102), a drive cylinder (112) being provided on the base (11), the actuating end of the drive cylinder (112) being linked to the drive beam (111) through a drive rod (113), the angle between the extension direction of the actuating end of the drive cylinder (112) and the waste conveying direction being an acute angle; The actuating end of the drive cylinder (112) is linked to a first hinge sleeve (121), and a first hinge shaft (122) is rotatably inserted inside the first hinge sleeve (121). The end of the drive rod (113) facing the drive cylinder (112) is linked to a second hinge sleeve (123), and a second hinge shaft (124) is rotatably inserted inside the second hinge sleeve (123). A transition rod (125) is linked between the first hinge sleeve (121) and the second hinge sleeve (123). The axes of the first hinge (122) and the second hinge (124) are perpendicular to each other and both are perpendicular to the axis of the adapter rod (125). The axis of one of the first hinge (122) and the second hinge (124) extends in the horizontal direction.

2. The grate arrangement of claim 1, wherein, A sealing shell (13) with a sealing cavity (131) is also provided between the driving cylinder (112) and the driving rod (113). The axis of the first hinge shaft (122) extends in the horizontal direction, and the first hinge sleeve (121) is linked to the outer wall of the sealing shell (13). The second hinge sleeve (123) and the second hinge shaft (124) are both located in the sealing cavity (131). The end of the drive rod (113) facing the drive cylinder (112) extends into the sealing cavity (131), and the sealing cavity (131) is provided with a sealing sleeve (132) that is adapted to fit the drive rod (113).

3. The grate arrangement of claim 2, wherein, The sealed cavity (131) is provided with a buffer support assembly for supporting the second hinge sleeve (123); The buffer support assembly includes a support plate (14) located below the second hinge sleeve (123) and a support adjustment mechanism configured to drive the support plate (14) to reciprocate along an axis perpendicular to the drive rod (113) so that the support plate (14) fully contacts the bottom of the second hinge sleeve (123).

4. The grate arrangement of claim 3, wherein The support adjustment mechanism includes an adjustment plate (141) arranged below the support plate (14). The adjustment plate (141) is arranged parallel to the support plate (14) and has a clearance fit. An adjustment spring (142) is embedded between the adjustment plate (141) and the support plate (14). The axis of the adjustment spring (142) is perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate (14). The buffer support assembly also includes a support frame (143) fixed to the side wall of the sealing shell (13). The support plate (14) and the adjustment plate (141) are both located inside the support frame (143). The support adjustment mechanism also includes an adjustment bolt (144) threadedly inserted into the outer wall of the support frame (143). The adjustment bolt (144) passes through the outer wall of the support frame (143) from the outside to the inside in a direction perpendicular to the main extension surface of the support plate (14), and the inner end of the adjustment bolt (144) abuts against the bottom wall of the adjustment plate (141).

5. The grate arrangement of claim 4, wherein, The inner wall of the inner end of the support frame (143) is provided with a limiting boss (145) that can abut against the top surface of the support plate (14).

6. The grate arrangement of claim 3, wherein, The support plate (14) is provided with a buffer roller (146) that contacts and engages with the second hinge sleeve (123).

7. The grate arrangement of claim 1, wherein, A synchronous limiting assembly is connected to the middle of the drive rod (113). The synchronous limiting assembly includes a limiting arm (15) and a synchronous connecting rod (151) that are hinged to each other. One end of the limiting arm (15) is hinged to the outer wall of the drive rod (113), and the other end is hinged to one end of the synchronous connecting rod (151). The other end of the synchronous connecting rod (151) is hinged to the frame (101).

8. A waste incinerator, comprising a plurality of grate devices arranged sequentially along the waste conveying direction, wherein the grate devices are the grate devices as described in any one of claims 1 to 8.

9. The waste incinerator as described in claim 8, wherein, The bottom of the moving grate (102) is linked to a sliding plate (105), and the frame (101) is provided with a guide plate (106) arranged below the sliding plate (105). The bottom surface of the sliding plate (105) and the top surface of the guide plate (106) are closely attached and slidably adapted, and the extension direction of the top surface of the guide plate (106) is consistent with the reciprocating motion direction of the drive beam (111).

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