Anode potential adjustment device and electron accelerator

Abstract

An anode potential adjustment device and an electron accelerator. The electron accelerator comprises a first electrode sheet (201), a second electrode sheet (202) and a high-voltage end (203), wherein the high-voltage end (203) is connected to the first electrode sheet (201). The anode potential adjustment device comprises a varistor (101) and an oil cylinder (102), wherein the varistor (101) is connected between the first electrode sheet (201) and the second electrode sheet (202); and the oil cylinder (102) is connected to a hydraulic pump by means of a hydraulic oil pipe, a piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the varistor (101), and the piston is configured to drive the varistor (101) to adjust a resistance value. The anode potential adjustment device can observe changes of a beam in real time when a high voltage and the beam exist at the same time, thereby making it easier to select an anode resistor (1010).

Description

Anode potential adjustment device and electron accelerator Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to an anode potential adjustment device and an electron accelerator. Background Technology

[0002] An electron accelerator is a device used to accelerate charged particles. High-frequency, high-voltage accelerators use a combination of high-frequency and high-voltage electric fields to accelerate charged particles to high energies. They are widely used in research fields including particle physics, nuclear physics, and materials science. Electron accelerators can operate in different ways, including linear accelerators and circular accelerators. By continuously accelerating particles, electron accelerators can generate high-energy particle beams for studying high-energy physics phenomena or for medical radiation therapy.

[0003] Electron accelerators place high demands on the electron gun, as it affects the efficiency of the electron gun, the quality of the emitted electron beam, and the quality of the beam envelope after the electrons enter the accelerating tube.

[0004] For accelerators with different energies, the main parameters of the electron gun also have different requirements. Given that the mechanical structure is already determined, the quality of the emitted electron beam can only be improved by changing the potential of the electron gun lead-out electrode (anode).

[0005] Adjusting the anode potential is achieved by changing the voltage divider resistor on the anode. There are many methods for this, but currently, the accelerator industry mainly uses two methods: 1. Replacing the anode resistor with a different resistance value; 2. Connecting a resistor with a different resistance value in series.

[0006] Both of the above methods require breaking the circuit to change the resistance value of the anode resistor. Starting and stopping the electron accelerator not only affects the working efficiency but also easily damages the machine. Summary of the Invention

[0007] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to overcome the defects of the prior art in which the electron accelerator must be disconnected to change the resistance value of the anode resistor, which affects the working efficiency and is easy to damage the machine. The present invention provides an anode potential adjustment device and an electron accelerator that can observe the changes of the beam current in real time when high voltage and beam current are present at the same time, so as to make it easier to select the optimal anode resistor and enable the electron gun to be in the optimal working state.

[0008] The present invention solves the above-mentioned technical problems through the following technical solution:

[0009] An anode potential adjustment device is disclosed for use in an electron accelerator. The electron accelerator includes a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a high-voltage terminal, wherein the high-voltage terminal is connected to the first electrode plate. The anode potential adjustment device includes a rheostat and a hydraulic cylinder.

[0010] The rheostat is connected between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate;

[0011] The oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump via a hydraulic oil pipeline, and the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the rheostat. The piston is used to drive the rheostat to adjust the resistance value.

[0012] Preferably, the rheostat includes several anode resistors and several switches. The second electrode plate is connected to the first electrode plate through all the anode resistors connected in series. Two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode plate through the switches. The piston is used to drive each switch to open and close.

[0013] Preferably, the switch is a reed switch, and the rheostat includes two fixing parts, two circuit boards, and a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is fixed between the two fixing parts, and a magnet is provided on the outer side of the rotating shaft. The reed switch is arranged around the outer side of the cylindrical rotating shaft, and the reed contact point of the reed switch is aligned with the magnet in the axial position. One end of the rotating shaft is connected to the piston through a ratchet and pawl, and the piston drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the ratchet and pawl.

[0014] Preferably, the two ends of the reed switch are connected to two circuit boards respectively, and the two ends of the anode resistor are connected to two circuit boards respectively. The reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate through the circuit boards.

[0015] Preferably, the high-voltage power supply of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch, a second branch and a third branch. The two circuit boards are the first circuit board and the second circuit board, respectively. The first branch is located on the first circuit board, the second branch is located on the second circuit board, and the third branch is a series of anode resistors. One end of each anode resistor is located on the first circuit board and the other end is located on the second circuit board.

[0016] For an anode resistor, when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor; when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor.

[0017] The first, second, and third branches are connected after the last anode resistor.

[0018] Preferably, the rotating shaft is connected to the fixed component via a one-way bearing, the ratchet and pawl are connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet and pawl to reciprocate.

[0019] Preferably, the electron accelerator includes an outer shell, a base, an acceleration tube, and a high-pressure support. The outer shell, the acceleration tube, and the high-pressure support are all disposed on the base. The high-pressure support is disposed outside the acceleration tube, and the inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is disposed on the base.

[0020] Preferably, the outer shell is located on the outside of the high-voltage support, and the electron accelerator further includes a solid-state insulation device and a liquid-cooled heat dissipation device.

[0021] The solid insulation device includes a solid insulation cylinder and an insulating top cover. The solid insulation cylinder is disposed between the outer shell and the high-voltage support. The top of the solid insulation cylinder is fixed to the insulating top cover. The solid insulation cylinder includes several layers of insulating film. The insulating top cover is disposed above the high-voltage support.

[0022] The liquid cooling heat dissipation device includes a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and an insulating liquid, which flows through the outside of the solid insulating cylinder, the high-voltage support, and the acceleration tube.

[0023] Preferably, the coolant inlet is divided into a first pipe and a second pipe within the outer casing.

[0024] The first pipe is connected to the top of the outer shell, and the second pipe is connected to the high-pressure cap at the top of the high-pressure support. The coolant inlet and coolant outlet are both located on the base. The first pipe connects to the top of the outer shell from the base along the gap between the solid insulating cylinder and the outer shell. The second pipe connects to the bottom of the first pipe and connects to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure support and the acceleration pipe.

[0025] Preferably, the rheostat is installed inside the high-pressure cap, and the hydraulic oil line is connected to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure bracket and the acceleration tube.

[0026] The present invention also provides an electron accelerator, the electron accelerator including the anode potential adjustment device as described above.

[0027] Based on common knowledge in the field, the above-mentioned preferred conditions can be combined arbitrarily to obtain various preferred embodiments of the present invention.

[0028] The positive and progressive effects of this invention are as follows:

[0029] An insulated hydraulic oil line and hydraulic pump system are used to change the position of the reed switch, thereby determining the on / off state of the reed switch and achieving the purpose of changing the anode point. This eliminates the need for a complex mechanical structure and completely eliminates the risk of high-voltage creepage breakdown.

[0030] The use of a reed switch structure ensures that the anode resistance value can be changed without interrupting the circuit. Beam current changes can be acquired in real time without shutting down the system (when high voltage and beam current are present simultaneously), making it easier to select the optimal anode resistance and ensure the electron gun operates at its best. Attached Figure Description

[0031] Figure 1 is a schematic diagram of the anode potential adjustment device according to Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0032] Figure 2 is a schematic diagram of the anode potential adjustment device of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0033] Figure 3 is a schematic diagram of the circuit principle of the anode potential adjustment device in Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0034] Figure 4 is a schematic diagram of the structure of the electron accelerator of Embodiment 1 of the present invention.

[0035] Figure 5 is another structural schematic diagram of the electron accelerator of Embodiment 1 of the present invention. Detailed Implementation

[0036] The present invention will be further illustrated by way of embodiments below, but the present invention is not limited to the scope of the embodiments described herein.

[0037] Example 1

[0038] In this embodiment, the terms "center," "upper," "lower," "left," "right," "vertical," "horizontal," "inner," and "outer," etc., indicate the orientation or positional relationship based on the orientation or positional relationship shown in the accompanying drawings. They are used only for the convenience of describing the present invention and for simplifying the description, and do not indicate or imply that the device or element referred to must have a specific orientation, or be constructed and operated in a specific orientation. Therefore, they should not be construed as limitations on the present invention. In addition, the terms "first," "second," and "third" are used for descriptive purposes only and should not be construed as indicating or implying relative importance.

[0039] Referring to Figures 1 to 5, this embodiment provides an electron accelerator, which includes an anode potential adjustment device, a first electrode plate 201, a second electrode plate 202, a high-voltage terminal 203, an outer shell 204, a base 205, an acceleration tube 206, and a high-voltage support 207.

[0040] The high-voltage terminal 203 is connected to the first electrode plate, and the anode potential adjustment device includes a rheostat 101 and a hydraulic cylinder 102. The high-voltage terminal, including the high-voltage support top mounting flange, high-voltage cap, and other components, represents the high potential in the accelerating tube.

[0041] The rheostat 101 is connected between the first electrode plate 201 and the second electrode plate 202.

[0042] The oil cylinder 102 is connected to a hydraulic pump via a hydraulic oil pipeline. The piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the rheostat, and the piston is used to drive the rheostat to adjust the resistance value.

[0043] The rheostat 101 includes several anode resistors 1010 and several switches 1011. The second electrode plate 202 is connected to the first electrode plate through all the anode resistors 1010 connected in series.

[0044] Two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode plate via the switch 1011, and the piston is used to open and close each switch.

[0045] The switch 1011 is a reed switch.

[0046] The rheostat 101 includes two fixing members 1012, two circuit boards 1013 and a rotating shaft 1014.

[0047] The rotating shaft 1014 is fixed between two fasteners 1012.

[0048] A magnet is provided on the outer surface of the rotating shaft, and a reed switch is arranged around the cylindrical outer surface of the rotating shaft, with the reed contact point of the reed switch aligned with the magnet in the axial direction.

[0049] One end of the rotating shaft 1014 is connected to the piston of the oil cylinder 102 via a ratchet pawl 1015, and the piston drives the rotating shaft 1014 to rotate via the ratchet pawl.

[0050] The piston drives the rotating shaft 1014 to rotate. Each reciprocating motion of the piston can rotate the rotating shaft by a preset angle via a ratchet and pawl. For example, with 6 resistors, it can rotate 60 degrees each time. The magnet on the rotating shaft can align with a reed switch each time it rotates. When the magnet is aligned with the reed switch, the reed switch is turned on. See Figure 3 for details. When each reed switch is turned on (other reed switches are turned off), the resistance value can be changed, thereby changing the anode potential.

[0051] The two ends of the reed switch are connected to two circuit boards respectively, and the two ends of the anode resistor are connected to two circuit boards respectively. The reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate through the circuit boards.

[0052] Specifically, the high-voltage power supply 2031 of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch 1016, a second branch 1017 and a third branch 1018.

[0053] The two circuit boards are the first circuit board 10131 and the second circuit board 10132, respectively.

[0054] The first branch 1016 is located on the first circuit board 10131, and the second branch 1017 is located on the second circuit board 10132.

[0055] The third branch consists of series-connected anode resistors 1010, with one end of each anode resistor located on the first circuit board and the other end located on the second circuit board.

[0056] For an anode resistor, when the current direction 10101 in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end 10111 of the reed switch (switch 1011) corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch 1016 and the other end 10112 is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor.

[0057] When the current direction 10101 in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch 1017 and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor.

[0058] The first, second, and third branches are connected after the last anode resistor. That is, they are connected at the node between the last anode resistor and the second electrode plate.

[0059] The anode resistor is connected in series with the boost resistor. The last resistor in the boost resistor (the bottom resistor) is the sampling resistor. The voltage value of the anode under the current resistance value of the variable resistor can be obtained through the sampling resistor.

[0060] The rotating shaft is connected to the fixed component via a one-way bearing, the ratchet and pawl are connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet and pawl to reciprocate.

[0061] The electron accelerator includes a housing, a base, an acceleration tube, and a high-voltage support. The acceleration tube includes the electrode plates.

[0062] The outer shell, the acceleration tube, and the high-pressure support are all mounted on the base. The high-pressure support is located on the outside of the acceleration tube, and the inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is located on the base.

[0063] The outer shell is located on the outside of the high-voltage support. The electron accelerator also includes a solid-state insulation device and a liquid-cooled heat dissipation device.

[0064] The solid insulation device includes a solid insulation cylinder 31 and an insulation top cover 32.

[0065] The solid insulating cylinder is disposed between the outer shell and the high-voltage support, and the top of the solid insulating cylinder is fixed to the insulating top cover.

[0066] The solid insulating cylinder comprises several layers of insulating film, and the insulating top cover is disposed above the high voltage support;

[0067] The liquid cooling heat dissipation device includes a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and an insulating liquid, which flows through the outside of the solid insulating cylinder, the high-voltage support, and the acceleration tube.

[0068] The coolant inlet is divided into a first pipe 33 and a second pipe 34 inside the outer shell.

[0069] The first pipe 33 is connected to the top of the outer shell, and the second pipe 34 is connected to the high-pressure cap at the top of the high-pressure support.

[0070] The coolant inlet and coolant outlet are both located on the base, and the first pipeline connects from the base to the top of the outer shell through the gap between the solid insulating cylinder and the outer shell.

[0071] The second pipeline connects to the bottom of the first pipeline and connects to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure support and the acceleration tube.

[0072] The rheostat is installed inside the high-pressure cap, and the hydraulic oil line is connected to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure support and the acceleration tube.

[0073] While specific embodiments of the present invention have been described above, those skilled in the art should understand that these are merely illustrative examples, and the scope of protection of the present invention is defined by the appended claims. Those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to these embodiments without departing from the principles and essence of the present invention, but all such changes and modifications fall within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. An anode potential adjustment device for an electron accelerator, the electron accelerator comprising a first electrode plate, a second electrode plate, and a high-voltage terminal, the high-voltage terminal being connected to the first electrode plate, characterized in that, The anode potential adjustment device includes a rheostat and a hydraulic cylinder. The rheostat is connected between the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate; The oil cylinder is connected to a hydraulic pump via a hydraulic oil pipeline, and the piston of the oil cylinder is connected to the rheostat. The piston is used to drive the rheostat to adjust the resistance value. The rheostat includes several anode resistors and several switches. The second electrode plate is connected to the first electrode plate through all the anode resistors connected in series. Two adjacent anode resistors are connected to the first electrode plate through the switches. The piston is used to drive each switch to open and close. The switch is a reed switch. The rheostat includes two fixing parts, two circuit boards, and a rotating shaft. The rotating shaft is fixed between the two fixing parts. A magnet is provided on the outside of the rotating shaft. The reed switch is arranged around the outside of the cylindrical rotating shaft, and the reed contact point of the reed switch is aligned with the magnet in the axial position. One end of the rotating shaft is connected to the piston through a ratchet and pawl. The piston drives the rotating shaft to rotate through the ratchet and pawl.

2. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The two ends of the reed switch are connected to two circuit boards respectively, and the two ends of the anode resistor are connected to two circuit boards respectively. The reed switch and the anode resistor are connected to the first electrode plate and the second electrode plate through the circuit boards.

3. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 2, characterized in that, The high-voltage power supply of the electron accelerator is divided into a first branch, a second branch and a third branch. The two circuit boards are the first circuit board and the second circuit board, respectively. The first branch is located on the first circuit board, the second branch is located on the second circuit board, and the third branch is a series of anode resistors. One end of each anode resistor is located on the first circuit board and the other end is located on the second circuit board. For an anode resistor, when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the first circuit board to the second circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the first branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor; when the current direction in the anode resistor is from the second circuit board to the first circuit board, one end of the reed switch corresponding to the anode resistor is connected to the second branch and the other end is connected between the anode resistor and the next anode resistor. The first, second, and third branches are connected after the last anode resistor.

4. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The rotating shaft is connected to the fixed component via a one-way bearing, the ratchet and pawl are connected to the inner ring of the one-way bearing, and the piston is used to drive the ratchet and pawl to reciprocate.

5. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 1, characterized in that, The electron accelerator includes an outer shell, a base, an acceleration tube, and a high-pressure support. The outer shell, acceleration tube, and high-pressure support are all mounted on the base. The high-pressure support is located outside the acceleration tube. The inlet of the hydraulic oil pipeline is located on the base. The outer shell is located on the outside of the high-voltage support. The electron accelerator also includes a solid-state insulation device and a liquid-cooled heat dissipation device. The solid insulation device includes a solid insulation cylinder and an insulating top cover. The solid insulation cylinder is disposed between the outer shell and the high-voltage support. The top of the solid insulation cylinder is fixed to the insulating top cover. The solid insulation cylinder includes several layers of insulating film. The insulating top cover is disposed above the high-voltage support. The liquid cooling heat dissipation device includes a coolant inlet, a coolant outlet, and an insulating liquid, which flows through the outside of the solid insulating cylinder, the high-voltage support, and the acceleration tube.

6. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 5, characterized in that, The coolant inlet is divided into a first pipe and a second pipe inside the outer shell. The first pipe is connected to the top of the outer shell, and the second pipe is connected to the high-pressure cap at the top of the high-pressure support. The coolant inlet and coolant outlet are both located on the base. The first pipe connects to the top of the outer shell from the base along the gap between the solid insulating cylinder and the outer shell. The second pipe connects to the bottom of the first pipe and connects to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure support and the acceleration pipe.

7. The anode potential regulating device as described in claim 6, characterized in that, The rheostat is installed inside the high-pressure cap, and the hydraulic oil line is connected to the high-pressure cap along the gap between the high-pressure support and the acceleration tube.

8. An electron accelerator, characterized in that, The electron accelerator includes an anode potential adjustment device as described in any one of claims 1 to 7.

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