Improvements In and Relating to Blade and Powered Accessory Attachments

Abstract

The present invention relates to a levelling accessory for mounting to a vehicle, in which the accessory includes a levelling blade adjustable in height during operation, and a forward mounted accessory such as a rotating drum, such as a rotary rake, mounted forwardly of the levelling blade and able to be lowered and retracted for when it is required or not. 20 24 20 39 80 12 J un 2 02 4 2 0 2 4 A B S T R A C T 2 0 2 4 2 0 3 9 8 0 1 2 J u n

Description

2024203980   12 Jun 2024 implements were fitted to both simultaneously (e.g. a non-powered scarifier at the rear and a Harley rake at the front, for instance). Referring to the embodiment of a single rotatable accessory mounting portion, there will typically be provided mount rotation means to allow the transverse accessory mount (and 5 any attached accessory) to be managed between the aforesaid accessory engaged and retracted positions. In its simplest form this may be a linear actuator, probably hydraulic in operation, which the operator can control by some means. A potential advantage of the use of the rotating transverse mount assembly is that a strong and reliable connection can be made between the transverse accessory mount and side 10 support elements (e.g. side guards). Also the mount rotation means can remain connected rather than having to be affixed every time an accessory is changed, fitted, or removed. Also it is possible for the ground contouring assembly to be raised, manoeuvred so the transverse accessory mount is above the accessory, and lowered down (guide plates may be provided) so any connecting pins or attachments can be secured. This can speed the process 15 of fitting, removing, and changing accessories as required. Where a powered drum, such as a Harley rake, is the accessory, advantage may be obtained by including inboard motors within the body of the drum - as opposed to external chain drives, etc. Such inboard motors may be hydraulic in operation, and fitted at either end of the drum / body portion. This would allow an accessory to extend the full width of the 20 mouldboard and blade, and side guards where present. The potentially realisable advantage in practice is that it enables an operator to work the ground very close to a boundary while working in either direction - where single end chain drive systems are used, working close to a boundary is only possible when the chain arrangement is farthest from the boundary (hence the operator may need to travel to the end, turn around, and come back in the 25 favourable direction). Where a fixed (non-powered) scarifier is fitted, the scarifier may comprise one or more modules with downward tines which are either connected directly to the transverse accessory mount, or to a mount which itself attached to the transverse accessory mount. As scarifiers may undergo significant pressure in the forward direction, they may be 30 provided with back support. This could be a fixed bar or element extending from or 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 between the side guards, or like. Alternatively part of the scarifier assembly may bear against the mouldboard and / or blade (though preferably the former) so that the accessory body portion bears some of the force acting on the tines / scarifier. In preferred embodiments there is included an option to allow the mount rotation means to 5 relax - e.g. for a linear actuator to travel without resistance. Where a fixed scarifier, such as above, is used, it is typically doing its primary work when the ground contouring assembly is moving forward. If it is supported at its rear by the mouldboard and / or blade (or other element(s)) then the mount rotation means is temporarily redundant. In preferred operation of a fixed scarifier, it can be more useful for the tines to drag over the ground (instead of 10 penetrating) when the ground contouring assembly is being reversed. Hence the provision of a relaxed mount rotation means would allow this to happen, though it could be operated when the scarifier needed to be moved to an accessory retracted position. It is envisaged that this provision to relax the mount rotation means may be useful for various accessories which may be fitted to a transverse accessory mount. 15 The nature and operation of the embodiment described above will be better described with reference to the drawings. DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS Figure 1 is a partial plan view of one preferred embodiment of the present invention, Figure 2 is a perspective view of the embodiment of figure 1 in an alternative 20              configuration, Figures 3a-3c are front views of the embodiment of figure 1, where Figure 3a illustrates the blade in a lowered position (about a forward axis), Figure 3b illustrates the blade in a raised position (about a forward axis), and Figure 3c illustrates the blade in an inclined position (about a forward axis), 25 Figure 4 is a perspective view of an alternative embodiment of the present invention in a folded configuration, Figure 5 is a side diagrammatic view of the embodiment of figure 3, Figure 6 is a side diagrammatic view of figure 4 in an extended configuration, 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 Figure 7 is a perspective view of the embodiment in figure 6, Figure 8 is a side diagrammatic view of a further embodiment of the present invention attached to the existing blade of a vehicle, and Figure 9 is a perspective view of the embodiment of figure 8, 5 Figure 10 is a partial perspective view of an embodiment of a ground contouring assembly showing an embodiment of a rotatable accessory mounting portion, without fitted accessory, in an accessory retracted position, Figure 11 is a part side view of the embodiment of figure 10 with an embodiment of an accessory comprising a power drum fitted and in a position between retracted 10              and engaged configurations, Figure 12 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of a ground contouring assembly with the embodiment of a power drum of figure 11 in an accessory engaged position, Figure 13 is a cross-sectional transverse plane diagrammatic view of a power drum as used 15              in the embodiments of figures 11 and 12, Figure 14 is a side perspective view of an embodiment of a ground contouring assembly illustrating laser guidance receivers and mounts, Figure 15 is a perspective view of an embodiment of a scarifier accessory module, Figure 16 is a top-side perspective view of an alternative embodiment of a ground 20             contouring assembly showing a fixed transverse mount arrangement with an embodiment of a scarifier module, and an alternative embodiment of a forward support carriage arrangement, Figure 17 is a top side perspective view of a further embodiment of a ground contouring assembly ground contouring assembly capable of yaw and pitch adjustment of 25              the accessory body portion. Figure 18 is a side diagrammatic view of the embodiment of figure 17 in which the accessory body portion is pitched forwardly, 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 Figure 19 is a plan diagrammatic view of the embodiment of figures 17 and 18 with wheels in folded position and in which the yaw of the accessory body portion about a vertical z-axis has been adjusted, Figure 20 is a front diagrammatic view showing the general principles of a preferred 5             embodiment of a low pivot carriage / walking beam, Figure 21 is the schematic diagram of the embodiment of figure 19 with the carriage portion pivoted out of the ground plane, Figure 22 is a partial side view of the embodiment of a preferred embodiment of the present invention, 10 Figure 23 is a partial left side, bottom-rear perspective view of the embodiment of figure 2, Figure 24 is a partial plan view of the embodiment of figure 2, and Figure 25 is a partial left side, top-front perspective view of the embodiment of figure 2. DESCRIPTION OF PREFERRED EMBODIMENTS With reference to the drawings (particularly figures 1 and 2), and by way of example only, 15 there is provided a ground contouring assembly (generally indicated by arrow 1) comprising a body attachment portion (generally indicated by arrow 2) and an accessory body portion (generally indicated by arrow 3); the two body portions (2, 3) being connected by body connecting linkages (5-7) which allow a substantially translational movement of the accessory body portion (3), 20 substantially parallel and relative to the accessory body portion (2) - see for instance figures 3a and 3b; the body connecting linkages (5-7) also allowing a rotational movement of the accessory body portion (3), relative to the body attachment portion (2), about a rotational axis substantially in the direction of forward travel (9) of the assembly (1) - see for instance 25 figure 3c; said body connecting linkages including linear actuators (5a, b), there being at least one linear actuator (5) being present either side of the middle (10) of the ground contouring assembly (1) when viewed in plan; 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 said body connecting linkages (5-7) also including at least one pivot-ended stabilising linkage (6-7) either side of the middle (10) of the ground contouring assembly (1) when viewed in plan; and wherein the body connecting linkages (5-7) assist in maintaining relative movement of 5 the body portions to as described above. The body attachment portion (2) includes a quick-hitch arrangement (4) such as commonly used on skid-steer tractors. With reference to figures 3 in the illustrated embodiment (1) there are two hydraulically controlled upper linear actuators (5a, b) which can be independently controlled to alter the 10 relationship of each end of the blade portion (3) relative to the body attachment portion (2). This is best illustrated in figure 2, where right hand actuator (5b) is contracted relative to left hand actuator (5a) to adopt a configuration such as shown in figure 3c. While lower linkages (7) may comprise connecting arms, these may also comprise hydraulically controlled lower linear actuators which work in cooperation with actuators (5) to allow the 15 accessory body portion to adopt the configurations shown in figures 3, and combinations thereof. This arrangement can also allow for alteration of the inclination of the blade (11) about a transverse axis, under the control of the operator. The stabilising linkages, pivot-ended linkages (6a, b) (7a, b) have ball joint ends where they attach to at least one of the body portions (2, 3) which is necessary to allow for the 20 permitted relative movements of the body portions (2, 3). In the present invention a spherical bush is used in the joints - this joint (14) can be clearly seen in the stabilising arms (6) where they (in this embodiment) attach to a central mounting point (15) on the body mounting portion (2). The geometry of the remaining connecting linkages (stabilising arms (6-7)) assist in 25 maintaining the relationship between the two body portions (2, 3) as movement occurs (such as shown in figures 3). In this arrangement the distance of separation between the body portions (2, 3) remains substantially the same, as does their relative forward / rearward inclinations (i.e. inclination being rotation about a transverse axis) relative to each other (though some flexibility is allowed here in the design of the geometry in various 30 embodiments). 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 The primary permitted relative movements between the body portions (2, 3) are, when viewed from the front and wherein the body attachment portion (2) is considered fixed in position, relative upward and downward movement of the accessory body portion (3) relative to the body attachment portion (2), as well as allowing relative upward and 5 downward movement of each end of the accessory body portion (3) relative to the body attachment portion (2) - allowing also for inclination of the blade portion (3) (relative to the body attachment portion (2)), such as shown in figure 2. Accordingly there is provided a precise alteration of the elevation and rotational inclination of the blade relative to the quick hitch (4) (which follows the roll inclination of the vehicle 10 in response to ground contours) without the need for heavy and expensive quick hitch rotational attachments. The arrangement of the illustrated embodiment theoretically provides for faster (quick response movements are important for a moving vehicle) changes to the elevation and rotational inclination of the blade, as well as being much more precise. The actuators can also be coupled to a laser levelling control system (sensors or emitters 15 can be mounted on arms (not shown) which fix at positions (12) on the blade portion (3)) so that the blade (11) is maintained at true ground elevation and the horizontal, regardless of any pitching and rolling movements of the vehicle to which it (1) is attached. As mentioned above, the quicker responsiveness of the present embodiment also allows the vehicle to travel faster. 20 Preliminary trials by the inventor, have indicated that the present invention when used with a laser levelling system can level ground to a much higher degree of precision (±3mm compared to ±10mm) approximately 12 times faster than when using a similar arrangement with a prior art device. This represents a very significant advance in the art in terms of productivity and precision. Accordingly this also opens the present invention up to other 25 applications where a tool on a moving vehicle needs to be maintained at a precise inclination and elevation. In figures 4 and 5 we see a folding embodiment of the present invention, where a provided stabilising arm assembly (30) has a folding end portion (31) on which a ground contacting stabilising wheel arrangement (32) is mounted. 30 In figure 5 the reduced front to rear length of the apparatus is evident, as are the potential 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 transport benefits. Similarly, the closer proximity of the blade (11) to the front of the apparatus, for close work, can be gauged. In figures 6 and 7 we see a further embodiment suitable for attachment to an excavator. Rather than a quick hitch (4) we have an arm arrangement (50) to which is pivotably 5 attached (53) a T-pin (51) comprising a quick hitch adaptor (which may be of different quick connect configurations) to which the quick hitch adaptor (54) of an excavator’s (not shown) dipper arm (52) may be attached. This arrangement makes the ground contouring assembly available for use with excavators, a new and novel arrangement which significantly improves the versatility of both excavators and levelling devices. 10 In figures 8 and 9 we see an alternative mounting system to the ubiquitous quick hitch (4), the body mounting portion (70) attaching to the existing blade (71) of a vehicle (not shown for simplicity). Here at least one upper hook portion (72) affixed to the body mounting portion (70) hooks over the top of the existing blade (71). A contacting bar (78) may be provided on the body 15 mounting portion (70) to help accommodate the different curves of blades and reduce possible damage to the blade (71). A lower hook portion (73) connected by a flexible linkage (74) to an adjustable linking element (75), in turn connected to an element (79) associated with the body mounting portion (70), helps secure the ground contouring assembly (1) to the existing blade (71) as 20 the adjustable element(s) (75) are tightened. The adjustable element (75) may simply be a turnbuckle in a preferred element, and may be provided with an arm (76) to help tighten the turnbuckle, and provide additional stabilisation when the distal end of the arm (76) is connected to a point (77) on the accessory body portion (3) after tightening. In Figure 10 we see an embodiment of a modified ground modifying assembly including a 25 rotatable accessory mounting portion (101) comprising a transverse accessory mount (102), in simplest form comprising rectangular hollow section bar, connected at each end to side supporting elements (in this case comprising side guards) (106) by rotatable mounts (105) allowing at least partial rotation of the mount (102) about a transverse axis substantially in parallel with the general plane of the blade (11) or mouldboard (107) of the accessory body 30 portion. 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 Linkage tabs (104a,b) allow for control of the rotation of the mount (102) by allowing the connection of mount rotation means comprising linear actuators (103a,b). In preferred embodiments these are hydraulic and capable of progressive and continuous control by the operator, and / or could be linked into an automated control system. In this figure the mount 5   (102) is shown in an accessory retracted position. In figures 11 and 12 we see the inclusion of a power drum assembly (generally indicated by arrow 110) such as a Harley rake (114) to the rear of structure support wheel (32). Features such as teeth or studs (115) may be provided on the Harley rake drum (114). While the invention allows for such an assembly (110) to be attached directly to side supports (106) 10 by a rotatable mount (e.g. 105) at each end, the preferred arrangements utilise the rotatable transverse accessory mount (101) of the embodiment of figure 10 for easier fitment and removal of accessories (e.g. 110). Figure 12 provides a perspective view of the embodiment of figure 10 with the power drum accessory (110) of figure 11 (and such as detailed in figure 13) fitted and in the engaged 15 position. Figure 13 illustrates a preferred power drum accessory (110) arrangement such as would be used in preferred embodiments as described in relation to figures 11 and 13. As mentioned in the main body of the specification it is desirable for operators to be able to work close to boundaries and obstructions - e.g. foundation walls, kerbing, marker poles, etc. In practice 20 this can usually be achieved in embodiments of the invention by minimising protrusions outside of the width of the blade (11), or as more readily seen in the pictures, outside of the side guards 106. While the power drum could utilise a compact external hydraulic motor at each end the option for preferred embodiments is predominantly inboard hydraulic motors (112a,b) 25 positioned largely within the drum (114) itself. In this situation only the protective cap and mount (111a,b) need extend outside of the planes defined by the side guards (106) while allowing the drum (114) to extend the full width within the extended vertical planes defined by the side guards (106). The protrusions (115) from the drum (114) are defined by choice, and may be replaceable 30 elements or formed into drum (114) itself. The user is open to choice here. Various types of 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 teeth, blades, features may be provided along with different combinations thereof - for instance the user choice for breaking asphalt and road-seal may be different from dethatching and preparing areas covered with vegetation. Less destructive drum choices are also envisaged - for instance the power drum may 5 comprise a brush for finishing and screeding areas, finishing landscaped areas or lightly covering sown seed, or even removing excess materials and debris on finished areas (e.g. gravel chips on finish tar sealed roading and sidewalks etc). It is intended that there will be user choice in the selection of the properties of the power drum in a power drum assembly (110). 10 Figure 14 illustrates a different perspective view of the embodiment of figure 12, and also shows the laser receiver unit (116a,b) guide poles (117a,b) which can employed with various embodiments of a ground contouring assembly (1) to enable it to be used a laser guidance and levelling system, or full 3D guidance system, such as becoming more common in the industry. There are various manufacturers of such systems (including, for 15 instance, Leica®) which can provide accessory guidance and control systems able to work with position transmitters and solutions for use on various sites (and types of site). A potentially realisable advantage of various embodiments of the present invention is that when such laser assisted systems are used, any mounted accessories on the accessory body portion also operate under the same laser assisted control as the blade and benefit from the 20 advantages thereof. Hence a ground contouring assembly of the present invention to which various accessories can be fitted provides a useful advance in the industry - the multiple linkage arrangement connecting the accessory body portion to the body attachment portion allows for angling of the accessory under operator control and / or in response to laser assisted control systems. No prior art accessories such Harley rakes / power drums, 25 scarifiers, etc are able to be angled in response to changing ground contours and this represents a significant disadvantage (multiple passes with different accessories) in terms of time and accuracy for land and site preparation and contouring. The following specifications in relation to the embodiments of figure 10 through 15 are not intended to be limiting but representative only of a currently most preferred embodiment, 30 and to provide additional information to the skilled reader in understanding a best preferred embodiment of the invention. However, it should be appreciated that many of these parameters are open to user choice and to suit a particular job. 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 10 15    • 20    • 25    • 30    • Typical Drum diameter: 170mm (without teeth) Typical Drum working width: 1.940mm Drum type: Steel, reversible in operation without affecting levelling operation Typical Motor displacement (per side): 160 - 380cc, depending on base machine size and hydraulic flow Typical Drum speed: adjustable from 0 to 240RPM Typical Shaft diameter: 50mm Typical Number of teeth: 96 Typical Tooth type: 16mm tungsten with button or flat top, depending on type of work Typical Tooth height (from surface of drum): 30mm Typical Type of drive: Direct with resilient internal toothed drive Typical Lubrication and maintenance points: zero, grease free pivots, internal, oil lubricated bearings Typical Drum support bearings: 2 x internal, oil lubricated, maintenance free Typical Angle of retraction: 90 degrees to operating plane Typical Engagement depth: Infinitely adjustable in operation from 100 above to 70mm below blade height Typical Stone barrier set height: 3 position in 40mm increments Typical Clearance height with drum removed: 560mm Typical Drum forward length from blade: 540mm Typical Drive motor extension width past side wing gusset: 20mm Typical Weight of drum and mount structure: 200KG Typical Weight of pivot mounting structure: 40KG Typical Locking mechanism: Over centre latch mechanism with positive tension in lock position Typical Tilt from level: adjustable in manual or automatic mode, 0 to + / - 12 degrees Typical Control method: proportional hydraulic positioning using electronic machine control Typical Grade Control: continuous automatic from 2D laser or 3D data file, Dual GNSS or TPS capable Typical Tooth engagement depth: manual set via hydraulic cylinders 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 •     Typical Maximum main fall: set by laser, typical 0 - 15% •     Typical Maximum cross fall: set by laser, typical 0 -15% •     Typical Accuracy of cut: Typical + / - 3mm from registered grade •     Typical laser system provider which might be employed on embodiments - Leica ® 5 Figure 15 illustrates another accessory which may be fitted by an operator to an accessory mount (102). In this case a scarifier module (121) comprises a plurality of tines (123) are connected to an accessory mount portion (122) for fitting to the transverse mount (102). A pivot pin(s) (not shown) aligned with axis 124 allows for forward pivoting of the tines (123) allowing for them to drag freely when the ground contouring assembly is being 10 reversed in operation. Alignment pins (125a, b) maintain spacing of the tines. Apertures (126) and (127) in the mount and tine portions respectively allow an operator to temporarily lift the tines (123) and place a pin in to lock them in an up position. This can be useful for improving visibility for the operator in certain operations where the tines are not required. This can still used in conjunction with rotation of the transverse mount (102) to 15 further lift the tines (123). Not visible is a rear tab or bar at the rear of the mount ribs (128) which limits rearward travel of the tines (123) during forward movement of the ground contouring assembly (1), and to allow the tines (123) of the module (121) to be raised when the accessory bar is moved to an accessory retracted position. 20 It should also be envisaged that the scarifier modules could be positioned directly in front of the blade and mouldboards of the ground contouring assembly to allow them to be used in conjunction with another accessory on a transverse accessory mount (102), allowing an operator to readily use both in conjunction or alternate between use of the two accessories with relative ease of operation and adjustment. It should also be appreciated that a single 25 scarifier module extending the full width of the mount (102) could be used, or multiple smaller modules used as required. Figure 16 illustrates a further modification to various embodiments of the present invention. In practice it is sometimes necessary for operators to work around obstructions on a site -these may be foundations for pillars or columns, and such like. As an alternative to the 30 larger folding wheel carriage assembly (31, 32) of some embodiments of the invention, a 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 simplified pivoting carriage with single pivot (132) can be provided and attached to a forwardly extending support (133), which may be fixed or removable. This arrangement gives a greater unobstructed distance (134) between the wheels (134) and projected general vertical plane of the side guards. This increased clearance make it easier for an operator to 5 work close to, and around, obstructions - potentially providing a cleaner job with minimal manual follow up to finish problem areas. It should be noted that in a number of situations a forward carriage is desirable to help stop the ground contouring assembly (1) from nosing down into softer materials and maintaining a more accurate natural level for the tractor and ground contouring assembly combination. 10 As a variation of the aforesaid embodiments, there are occasionally situations where an operator may require additional flexibility in terms of being able to manipulate the orientation of the accessory body portion (203). Such operations may include tilting the accessory body portion forwardly or rearwardly (about a transverse axis - i.e. altering the pitch of the accessory body portion). Other operations may include rotating the angle of the 15 accessory body portion (203) about a vertical ‘z’ axis - i.e. a yaw type movement. And various combinations of these operations and that of previously described embodiments. It should also be appreciated that these operations also affect any accessories which may also be mounted on the accessory body portion (203). In order to achieve these additional operations, various linkages of the previous 20 embodiments (e.g., figure 8) may be substituted with linear actuators. Figure 17 refers a modification of embodiments such as shown in figure 8. For instance, to achieve pitch adjustment, linkages (7) (e.g. figure 8) of the previous embodiments are substituted with linear (typically hydraulic) actuators (207). These can be lengthened or shortened (ideally in tandem) to adjust pitch - we shall assume that other linkages / actuators 25 remain at constant length while visualising this. Once a desired pitch has been achieved, their length may be maintained to retain this relative pitch (though see also more sophisticated embodiments discussed later). The beauty of this arrangement is that the actuators (207) function primarily as adjustable linkages, enabling these variant embodiments (e.g. figure 17) to still operate in the manner of the embodiment of figure 1 30 (for instance). Providing linear actuators (206) to replace linkages (6) of figure 1 allows for the aforesaid 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 yaw-like adjustments to be made. Here the operation is a little different and will typically involve extending one actuator (206) while retracting the other (206). The geometry is also a little different and these actions may also cause some roll-movement of the accessory body portion (203). While this might be acceptable in some embodiments, providing 5 actuators (207) instead of fixed length linkages (e.g.7) can help compensate and allow adjustment to reduce these other pitch and / or roll changes when adjusting yaw. In practice it is likely that an operator may employ changes to any one or more of pitch, yaw, and roll simultaneously. It is envisaged that in most cases the operation of such advanced embodiments of the present invention will be in conjunction with laser assisted 10 control systems - such as, for instance, provided by companies such as Leica®. In these cases a control system for the actuators (205, 206, 207 where provided) will be coupled with the laser assisted control system to ensure the accessory body portion (203) is maintained at the correct attitude / position as the leveller and vehicle travels across terrain. It is envisaged that even with laser assisted embodiments, the operator may have direct (or 15 indirect fly-by-wire type) control over pitch and yaw, as these are often more influenced by the type of terrain and material that the ground contouring assembly is working on. It also envisaged that these embodiments may also be used on non-laser assisted embodiments of a ground modifying assembly with direct control of the actuators (205-207 where provided) by the operator. There may also be fly-by-wire type assisted operation using computational 20 means with a control system to enable the operator to more easily attain a particular attitude of the accessory body portion (203) - it is envisaged that such embodiments might even used modified joysticks or roller-ball type controls for the operator, rather than individual controls for each actuator and / or set thereof (i.e. 205-207 where provided).Figure 18 illustrates the embodiment of figure 17 in which actuators (207) have been shortened to 25 enable the accessory body portion to pitch forward relative to the ground (220)3. Once these actuators (207) have been set and maintained at the required length, and assuming also that actuators (206) are also maintained at constant length (assuming these are present instead of linkages (6)) then operation of actuators (205) will raise and lower the accessory body portion (203) while maintaining substantially the same pitch. In fact, operation of 30 actuators will be substantially the same in effect as for the embodiment of figure 1. With reference to figures 20 and 21, and prior art ground modifying assemblies with walking beams, existing prior art walking beams (carriages supporting forward wheels) 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 have their walking beam pivot point above the walking beam, which is significantly above the contact point of the tyres. This pivot is to allow the carriage to rotate about a longitudinal axis (with respect to the leveller / ground modifying assembly) to allow wheels on the carriage to negotiate bumps and contours in uneven ground being worked. 5 As all other manufacturers position their pivot point in this position, the applicant had also assumed this to be the correct point, as the walking beam always hangs level when raised off the ground. However, this has turned out not to be the case. When a ground modifying assembly is turned (particularly in reverse) with the wheels raised at all, the natural motion of the pendulum action of the suspended weight of the 10 walking beam and wheels assembly causes the leading wheel in the turn to contact the ground. This is due to the centre of gravity being below the pivot point. If the material is soft (which is the case at the end of a push (forward operation of a ground modifying assembly) as it has not had a blade or ground modifying accessory pass over it to compact / level / contour it, the contacting wheel makes an impression in the ground. In 15 addition, the wheel may be pivoting around to change direction, further compounding the impression in the soft material. This immediately causes the walking beam to increase in angle, further amplifying the problem. The walking beam will then act as an anchor and drive the wheel into the soft ground, as the high pivot point creates a high angle of attack to try and force the whole ground modifying assembly around this point. Apart from marking 20 levelled and worked ground, it puts severe strain on the assembly’s structure. This all happens in a split second, so is difficult for the operator to identify, as they are often looking behind to see where they going. The force can be extreme, causing even 40mm wheel pivots pins to be bent. All manufacturers have grappled with this issue and a solution is a longfelt want. It is not 25 uncommon in the industry to have wheels torn completely off. One solution of the present invention is to lower the pivot point of the walking beam as low as possible to get it below the centre of gravity of the walking beam assembly. Ideally the pivot should be below the centre of gravity of the pivoting walking beam assembly. There may be further advantage in some embodiments in placing the beam pivot point below the 30 rotational axis of the wheels, but ground clearance (for various applications of a ground modifying assembly is a practical consideration in calculating the lowest practical pivot 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 point in differing embodiments. By lowering the beam pivot point, we can potentially realize several effects: • A walking beam’s natural pendulum tendencies in embodiments of the present invention differ from that of the prior art (which has a pivot above the centre of 5             gravity). Thus, when a ground modifying assembly is turned with the wheels raised, or not contacting the ground, the natural action is for the leading wheel to RAISE and the trailing wheel to contact the ground. As this wheel is behind the pivot point, it forms a natural castor action, extending the length to the centre line. This reduces any force to push the wheel into the soft ground. 10          • The angle of attack is significantly reduced, as the pivot is closer to the surface of the ground. Technically, if we placed the pivot at ground level or below, there would be zero angle of attack. Of course we have to leave some room above the ground, but by lowering the pivot height compared to the prior art the angle can be reduced significantly. 15 The down side is the walking beam will ‘fall” to either side now when raised though the effects of this can be addressed with solutions such as rubber bump stops. Figures 20 and 21 illustrates a low pivot version of a carriage in a schematic fashion. Figures 26 and 27 represent a preferred embodiment. (501) represents the forward drawbar or portion of the ground contouring assembly to which the carriage portion is affixed. For 20 reference, an example of a high pivot walking beam such as previously used in the art, is illustrated in Figure 14, as well as other figures such as figure 5. A downward extension (502) provides a suitable mounting point for the carriage pivot portion (506). This carriage pivot (506) connects the extension (502) to the lower extending portion of the carriage body (505) to which the wheel assemblies (504) are attached. The 25 wheel assemblies (504) of this embodiment can rotate about a substantially vertical axis by pivotable attachment (503). Ideally the wheel assemblies are a trailing type assembly in this embodiment, where ( in plan) the central wheel pivot is offset from vertical pivot (503). The applicant has found that by positioning the carriage pivot (506) below the central pivot of the wheels (504) the pendulum and swinging effects of high mounted pivots (such as in 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 earlier figures) is reduced, minimised, or even eliminated. Hence this arrangement may be applied to suitable embodiments of figures 1 through 18. Figures 26 and 27 illustrate a working embodiment of a ground modifying assembly (530) with and underslung pivot (506). In Figure 27 a simple embodiment which might be used 5 on an excavator arm is shown. Here the ground working accessory (520) is a blade, and this faces away from the wheel portion - typically an excavator will use its boom / arm to draw the ground modifying assembly (530) towards it. However it should be appreciated that this ground working accessory (520, 521) may, in other embodiments, be substituted by other body and accessory portions as in other figures of this specification - or in other words, the 10 underslung pivot (506) carriage arrangement may be substituted for the wheeled carriage portions appearing in embodiments illustrated in other figures herein. Figure 26 illustrates how, when the apparatus is lifted from the ground (or travelling over uneven ground) th front carriage portion (503, 504, 505) will tilt to one side of the other (if dangling) or tilt to follow ground contours. Rubber stops (518) may be provided to lessen 15 shock as it meets the maximum rotation limit. Figures 22 through 24 comprise a different embodiment of a leveller which uses a simpler parallel type linkage arrangement. This arrangement is potentially useful in some embodiments of levellers (ground modifying assemblies), and particularly for excavator mounted levellers. Depending on the size of an excavator (or other vehicle with a movable 20 support arm) there may be a weight restriction on attached accessories which also has a bearing on the maximum reach, maximum angle of inclination of a ground plane on which the excavator / vehicle is working, etc. In figures 22 through 25 is shown an alternative embodiment which uses a simpler linkage system which can yield a lighter leveller type assembly - potentially a significant advantage 25 for excavators. There are also some other potentially realisable benefits which can lead to increased usage and field of operation of leveller assemblies. Such potential benefits may include: lower manufacturing costs, lighter weight, simpler control of moving parts. We will refer back to figure 1, which represents the geometry of the applicant’s prior art levelling assembly for comparison. Here the fixed diagonal linkages (6a, b) between the 30 front accessory body portion (3) and the rear body portion (2) effectively prevents sideways 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 lateral movement - which was considered a desirable attribute for the intended uses of this device. However, now the art and industry needs apparatus with lateral adjustment. In another embodiment of the present invention and with reference to the drawings, and by way of example only, there is provided a levelling assembly (see figure 22) comprising a 5 front accessory body portion (603), and a rear body portion (602), the two body portions (602, 603) connected to each other by at least four body connecting linkages (L605, L606, R605, R606), said body connecting linkages, in plan view, being distributed either side ((L605, L606) and (R605, R606)) of a vertical longitudinal centre-plane (607) bisecting said two body portions 10   (1602, 603), said body connecting linkages ((L605, L606) and (R605, R606)) including pivotable linkage connections to said body portions (602, 603) to allow, when viewed from the side, the relative elevation to the two body portions (602, 603) to alter. The front accessory body portion (603) includes a blade (608) attached to a mouldboard 15 portion (609) and has collectively been referred to as the “blade” previously in this specification. Side guards (L610 and R610) may be provided or both sides, one side only, omitted, or removably attached as required. The rear body portion (602) provides a body structure including a mounting point (612) for one end of an actuator (614) comprising the lateral shift control linkage. A pivotable bush 20 or ball joint type connection may be provided here (612). The other end (615) of the actuator (614) is attached to the front accessory body portion (603) though due to the partially cut away view the mounting attachment point is not fully visible. The rear body portion (602) may also include an attached quick hitch mount as required, and as is visible as item (4) in figure 1. 25 In the side view of figure 24 from the left side, we can see the upper (L605) and lower (L606) connecting linkages connected (L705 and L706) to the structure of the body portion (602). Figure 3 better shows the alternate end pivotable connections (L805 and L806) for the respective linkages (L605 and L606) to the rear structure of the front body portion (603). Referring back to figure 2 we can see the preferred substantially parallelogram 30 arrangement of this embodiment between the connecting linkages (L605, L606) and the 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 body portions (602, 603). The arrangement and geometry of the right hand side is typically a mirror replication through the centre plane (607). Figure 25 shows the left (L618) and right (R618) elevation controlling linkages, comprising linear hydraulic actuators. Figure 2 illustrates the diagonal mounting arrangement (from 5 side view) of left (equivalent to right) elevation controlling linkage (L618), and its connection (L818) near the top of the rear body portion (602) though the connection (L818) to the front body portion (603) is obscured in this figure. These elevation controlling linkages (L618, R618) may be placed inwardly (closer to the centre plane (607)) or outwardly of the left and right sets of connection linkages ((L605, 10   L606) and (R605, R606)) as convenient or desired. The levelling apparatus may also include an excavator boom arm quick mount (626) if this is a required vehicle mounting option. Laser sensor poles may be affixed at mounting points (L628, R628) on the side guards (L610, R610) if required, and sensors (not shown) attached. 15 A forward wheel assembly, possibly upwardly folding or retractable may be provided on various embodiments though this may not be required on all embodiments, A kerb following wheel assembly may be provided on one or both sides of the front accessory body portion (602) to assist an operator in precision following of an existing structure or feature. 20 With general reference to the embodiments of figures 22 through 25, other embodiments are possible. For instance in the applicant’s previous levelling apparatus (US Patent 10,323,382) the linkage geometry precluded relative lateral shifting of the body portions in order to achieve rotation about a longitudinal axis. Accordingly this document teaches away from the present invention, as well as there being considerable changes in geometry. 25 In preferred embodiments of the general parallel linkage arrangement of figures 22 through 25 there are ideally four connecting linkages. These are typically divided into two sets of two, which are conveniently referred to as left and right linkage sets, and distributed (ideally substantially equidistantly) outwardly of a vertical longitudinal centre plane (within which the levelling assembly’s longitudinal axis in use also lies). Typically no connecting 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 point for a connecting linkage is near the centre plane in preferred embodiments. When preferred embodiments are view from the side, the two connecting linkages of each set are displaced vertically with respect to each other - i.e. one appears positioned above the other, and in preferred (but not necessarily all) embodiments is vertically displaced one 5 above the other. As (also in preferred embodiments) the general planes of the two body portions are roughly parallel to each other, from the side the arrangement of the two connecting linkages (of a set) with the two body portions form a quadrilateral. This may ideally be a parallelogram but in practice may deviate from this precise geometry, and various contributing elements to this parallelogram may (typically) each fall up to (and 10 including) 20 degrees of this ideal parallelogram. In order for there to be relative movement between the body portions we need to have a pivotable connection between same and the connecting linkages. While this may be a connection pivotable about a single axis (suitable for simple more limited embodiments of the present invention with a restricted range of movement), the desired range of movement 15 in preferred embodiments prefers a more multi-axial range of movement such as provided by a ball joint. In practice, a single axis mounted connection with a flexible bush accommodating movement in other directions (such as by bush compression) is often suitable - truck suspension arm / component connections with compressible bushes are one example. At the end of the day, a pivotable connection which allows for the desired relative 20 movements is used. The elevation controlling linkages are typically also connected to the body portions with pivotable connections equivalent to the connecting linkages. The elevation controlling linkages are typically actuators, and hydraulically controlled in preferred embodiments. These are typically operated in tandem, though users may operate them differently and in 25 the geometry of the preferred embodiment limited rotation of the two body portions relative to each other is possible by altering the length of the actuators by different amounts. This is useful where the leveller is used to create an incline (e.g. roading etc.) during its operation. Hence preferred embodiments of the present invention can provide lateral and elevational translational movement, as well as longitudinal axis rotational movement, relative between 30 the front and rear body portions. Typically an elevation controlling linkage is mounted substantially diagonally in side view, 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 often being connected (in side view) at or near the top of one body portion and at or near the bottom of the other. Variations may exist in practice, though the requirement is to be able to change the relative elevation of one body portion to the other by altering the length of said elevation controlling linkage. 5 It should be recognised that it is also possible to substitute linear actuators for one or more of the connecting linkages, so as to provide a greater range of relative conformations between the front and rear body portions, though this does add to the complexity and cost of the resulting apparatus. However, for specialised applications, this may become a viable option. 10 Lateral translation control may be provided by a lateral shift control linkage. In simple terms this may be a substantially transverse linear actuator connected at one end to the front accessory body portion, and at the other end to (or an element attached or part of) the rear body portion. Typically, in plan view, one end of the lateral shift control actuator linkage will be connected to one of the body portions at or towards its left side, and the alternate 15 end to the other of the body portion at or towards its left side. While this actuator may be normal to the longitudinal centre plane, in practice it may be at an angle to the transverse so as to take advantage of suitable mounting points on the body portion and / or to avoid obstruction with other parts, portions, or components of the levelling assembly. Laser sensor guide poles may be provided on various embodiments, allowing for the 20 mounting of laser guidance sensors and their integration in to optionally provided laser guidance control systems available in the market. Various mounting systems may be provided. A typical almost industry standard quick hitch mount (as commonly used on skid-steer loaders) may be provided on various embodiments. Other options include mounting attachments for boom arms such as commonly present on 25 excavator arms. Various options may be implemented according to user need. Aspects of the present invention have been described by way of example only and it should be appreciated that modifications and additions may be made thereto without departing from the spirit or scope of the present invention as described herein. It should also be understood that the term “comprise” where used herein is not to be 30 considered to be used in a limiting sense. Accordingly, ‘comprise’ does not represent nor 2024203980   12 Jun 2024 define an exclusive set of items, but includes the possibility of other components and items being added to the list. This specification is also based on the understanding of the inventor regarding the prior art. The prior art description should not be regarded as being authoritative disclosure on the true 5 state of the prior art but rather as referencing considerations brought to the mind and attention of the inventor when developing this invention.

Claims

2024203980   05 Aug 2026THE CLAIMS DEFINING THE INVENTION ARE:

1. A blade leveling assembly comprising:a body mounting portion and a blade body portion of a blade connected by a first set of connecting linkages and a second set of connecting linkages,the first set of connecting linkages- being connected to the body mounting portion close to a middle thereof, when viewed in plan,- being connected to the blade body portion outwardly of a middle thereof, when viewed in plan,the second set of connecting linkages- being connected to the body mounting portion outwardly of the middle thereof, when viewed in plan,- being connected to the blade body portion outwardly of the middle thereof and by a distance substantially equivalent from the middle of the blade body portion as a connection to the body mounting portion, when viewed in plan,one or more of the first set of connecting linkages and the second set of connecting linkages comprise adjustable length actuators;side supporting elements disposed at or near each side of the blade body portion; anda rotatable accessory mounting portion comprising a transverse accessory mount configured to at least partially rotate about a transverse axis for the rotatable accessory mounting portion, said rotatable accessory mounting portion being positioned forward of the blade, and above the level of the blade.

2. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said rotatable accessory mounting portion extends between said side supporting elements and is mounted to the side supporting elements, wherein the blade leveling assembly further comprises a mount rotation system configured to control a rotational attitude of the transverse accessory mount.

3. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 1, wherein said side supporting elements comprise vertical side support guards positioned on either side of the blade body portion and extending forwardly thereof.2024203980   05 Aug 20264. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said mount rotation system is configured to alternate said accessory mounting portion, with an attached assembly, between two rotationally distinct positions about the transverse axis for the rotatable accessory.

5. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 4, wherein said mount rotation system comprises a linear actuator pivotably connected at one end of the linear actuator to said transverse accessory mount, and to the blade body portion at a distal end of the linear actuator.

6. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 2, wherein said mount rotation system is configured to be engaged in a free mode, which allows free rotation of said rotatable accessory about the transverse axis for the rotatable accessory.

7. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a rotatable drum assembly affixed to said rotatable accessory mounting portion.

8. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 7, wherein said rotatable drum assembly comprises drum side mounts to which a rotatable drum portion is connected, said drum side mounts being connected to said transverse accessory mount and configured to act in conjunction with the transverse accessory mount to allow an arrangement of the drum side mounts and the transverse accessory mount to alternate between an accessory retracted position in which said rotatable drum portion is above the ground and the level of the lowest edge of said blade levelling assembly, and an accessory engaged position in which the drum is contactable, or in proximity, with the ground.

9. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 8, wherein said rotatable drum assembly includes a drum power system configured to effect powered rotation of said rotatable drum portion.

10. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 9, wherein said drum power system is positioned within the body of a drum of the rotatable drum assembly.

11. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 10, wherein said drum power system comprises an inboard hydraulic motor positioned with either end thereof within the body of the drum of the rotatable drum assembly.

12. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a scarifier assembly comprising one or more scarifier modules comprising a plurality of tines, the scarifier assembly being configured to be one of:2024203980   05 Aug 2026- attached with said scarifier modules connected by a rotatable connection to the blade of the blade body portion in a first scarifier arrangement, and- attached directly to the transverse accessory mount in a second scarifier arrangement.

13. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 12, wherein, in either of the first scarifier arrangement and the second scarifier arrangement, rotational movement of the scarifier assembly is limited by the scarifier modules of the scarifier assembly bearing against the blade of the blade body portion to limit rotational movement in that direction.

14. The blade leveling assembly according to claim 1,wherein the first set of connecting linkages comprises two fixed length stabilizing arms, each of the fixed length stabilizing arms of the first set of connecting linkages- being pivotably connected at one end to a fixed point on the body mounting portion, the fixed point being at or near the middle of the body mounting portion, and- extending diagonally outwardly, when viewed in plan, from the fixed point on the body mounting portion, to pivotably connect to the blade body portion at a point outwardly of the middle of the blade body portion,the second set of connecting linkages comprises two fixed length stabilizing arms, each fixed length stabilizing arm of the second set of connecting linkages- being pivotably connected at one end to the body mounting portion at a point outwardly and on either side of the middle of the body mounting portion when viewed in plan, and- being pivotably connected at another end to the blade body portion at a point outwardly and on either side of the middle of the blade body portion,the first set of connecting linkages and the second set of connecting linkages being vertically separated from each other when the blade leveling assembly is viewed from the side,when the blade leveling assembly is viewed from the side, the points where the stabilizing arms of the first set of connecting linkages connect to the body mounting portion are vertically separated from the points where said stabilizing arms of the second set of connecting linkages connect to said body mounting portion, andwhen the blade leveling assembly is viewed from the side, the points where the stabilizing arms of the first set of connecting linkages connect to the blade body portion are vertically separated from said points where the stabilizing arms of the second set of connecting linkages connect to the blade body portion,2024203980   05 Aug 2026the first set of connecting linkages and the second set of connecting linkages interact to allow relative movement of the blade body portion relative to the body mounting portion, said relative movement comprising:- vertical translational movement of the blade body portion relative to the body mounting portion, and- rotational movement of the blade body portion, relative to the body mounting portion, about an axis normal to the general plane of the blade body portion.

15. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 14, wherein operation of said second set of linkages effects changes in the pitch of the blade body portion.

16. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 14, wherein operation of said first set of linkages effects changes in the yaw of the blade body portion.

17. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 5, wherein said mount rotation system is configured to be engaged in a free mode, which allows free rotation of said rotatable accessory about the transverse axis for the rotatable accessory.

18. The blade leveling assembly as claimed in claim 1, further comprising a pivoting carriage assembly attached by a single upright pivot, allowing rotation of the pivoting carriage assembly about an upright axis, to a forwardly extending carriage support arm, wheels of the pivoting carriage assembly being mounted to the pivoting carriage assembly in a manner which does not allow pivoting of the wheels about an upright axis relative to the pivoting carriage assembly.

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