Can end cross section production

Abstract

A parameterized representation of a can end (e.g., for an aluminum can) may be provided. The parameterized representation may include a series of arc segments connected end to end, for example. The series of arc segments may span between an end of a center panel and an edge of the can end. Based on the parameterized representation, a set of can end profiles may be generated having differing parameter values (such as with arc segments that differ in a combination of arc segment included angle and radius). The set of profiles may be evaluated according to criteria (such as buckle pressure and mass criteria). A can end profile may be selected from the set based on performance relative to the criteria. The selected profile may include a countersink radius with a particular threshold or range, for example. The selected can end profile may be formed into a can end.

Description

REFERENCE TO RELATED APPLICATION

[0001] This application claims benefit of U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 622,730, filed on January 19, 2024, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 63 / 557,710, filedFebruary 26, 2024, each of which are hereby incorporated by reference in their entireties for all purposes. FIELD OF THE INVENTION

[0002] This application relates to metal containers and, more particularly, to systems and methods for producing a metal can end that can be joined with container bodies to form the metal containers. BACKGROUND

[0003] Metal containers, such as those intended to hold food or beverages (e.g., aluminum beverage cans), generally include a container body having an opening defined in one end, and a closure (referred to as a “container end” or a “can end”) designed to close the opening of the container body. The container body and the can end are typically joined at their peripheries (e.g., by being crimped or rolled together, also referred to as seaming) to form a liquid-tight and gastight joint. While some container ends may be formed from a component that may start as a flat circular disc, container ends are more commonly provided with raised and contoured or curled peripheral edges that facilitate the joining process.

[0004] A can end forming process typically includes positioning a sheet metal blank between a pair of dies which are moved to shear an edge of the blank, after which a punch descends to draw the now circular blank into a can end having a peripheral flange, a frustoconical wall, and an end panel. The peripheral flange of the can end may be drawn downward into a peripheral lip suitable for double seaming operations. Subsequent processing may form a countersink with a flat or domed central panel. Such processes may be performed by a single tooling assembly or a plurality of tooling assemblies. SUMMARY

[0005] Embodiments covered by this patent are defined by the claims below, not this summary. This summary is a high-level overview of various embodiments and introduces some of the concepts that are further described in the Detailed Description section below. This summary is not intended to identify key or essential features of the claimed subject matter, nor is it intended to be used in isolation to determine the scope of the claimed subject matter. The subject matter should be understood by reference to appropriate portions of the entire specification of this patent, any or all drawings, and each claim.

[0006] According to certain embodiments, a can end includes a center panel and an annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end. The annular profiled portion can include an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown, A panel height of the center panel may be at least 2.000 mm, a total height of the profiled portion may be at least 5.524 mm, an inner profile offset of the profiled portion may be at least 5.302 mm, and a countersink radius of the countersink may be at least 0.290 mm.

[0007] According to certain embodiments, a can end includes a center panel and an annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end. The annular profiled portion may include an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown, A countersink radius may be a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink. The countersink radius may be from 0.290 mm to 0.650 mm

[0008] Various implementations described herein can include additional systems, methods, features, and advantages, which cannot necessarily be expressly disclosed herein but will be apparent to one of ordinary skill in the art upon examination of the following detailed description and accompanying drawings. It is intended that all such systems, methods, features, and advantages be included within the present disclosure and protected by the accompanying claims. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] FIG. 1 illustrates a portion of a can end formed by a can end forming system according to some embodiments.

[0010] FIGS. 2 and 3 are each a flowchart illustrating a method of producing a can end according to some embodiments.

[0011] FIG. 4 illustrates an example of a parameterized representation of a can end having a series of arc segments connected end to end according to some embodiments.

[0012] FIG. 5 is a chart illustrating an example output of an evaluation of a set of can end profiles according to buckle pressure and mass criteria according to some embodiments.

[0013] FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of a can end having specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end according to some embodiments.

[0014] FIG. 7 illustrates an example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end according to some embodiments.

[0015] FIG. 8 illustrates a portion of a can end having specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end according to some embodiments.

[0016] FIG. 9 illustrates an example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end according to some embodiments.

[0017] FIG. 10 illustrates another example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end according to some embodiments.

[0018] FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram that illustrates examples of control aspects of systems that may be implemented for production of can ends according to various examples.

[0019] FIG. 12 illustrates a portion of a can end having specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end according to some embodiments.

[0020] FIG. 13 illustrates another example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end according to some embodiments.

[0021] FIG. 14 illustrates an example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end according to some embodiments.

[0022] FIG. 15 illustrates examples of multiple profiles a can end that may be implemented according to some embodiments.

[0023] FTG. 16 illustrates an example of a set of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end that may be implemented for profiles from FIG. 15 according to some embodiments.

[0024] FIG. 17 illustrates an example of a set of additional values that may be implemented for profiles from FIG. 15 according to some embodiments.

[0025] FIG. 18 is a chart illustrating an example of some parameters that may be relevant to the profiles of FIG. 15 according to some embodiments. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0026] Described herein are systems and methods for producing can ends for metal containers such as but not limited to beverage cans, food cans, aerosol cans, and / or any other container as desired. In certain embodiments, a parameterized representation of a can end (e.g., for an aluminum can) can be provided. The parameterized representation can include a series of arc segments connected end to end, for example. The series of arc segments may span between an end of a center panel and an edge of the can end. Based on the parameterized representation, a set of can end profiles can be generated having differing parameter values (such as with arc segments that differ in a combination of arc segment length (or arc segment included angle) and radius). The set can be evaluated according to criteria (such as metal exposure resistance, buckle pressure, resistance to clam shell failure and / or mass criteria). A can end profile may be selected from the set based on performance relative to the criteria. The selected can end profile may be formed into a can end. Utilizing a parameterized representation in this manner may enable development of new can end profiles, which may be able to satisfy metal exposure resistance, buckle strength, resistance to clam shell failure, mass, and / or other criteria using materials with a lower strength (or other characteristic) compared to other frequently used materials and / or with a reduction in gauge (and corresponding material usage) compared to traditional can end designs such as the B64 type can end and the CDL type can end. In certain embodiments, the systems and methods described herein may allow for the use of softer materials in can end manufacturing compared to traditional can end designs such as the B64 type can end and the CDL type can end. As one nonlimiting example, whereas traditional can end manufacturing for producing the B64 type can end or the CDL type can end utilizes a 5xxx series aluminum alloy such as but not limited to AA5182, the systems and methods described herein may allow for the use of a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, such as but not limited to AA3104, with a higher recycled content. The systems and methods described herein may be applied to can ends of various diameters. As non-limiting example, the systems and methods described herein may be applied to can ends known as 200 can ends, 202 can ends (i.e., diameters of 2” + 2 / 16”), 204 can ends (i.e., 2” + 4 / 16”), can ends with different diameter can openings, and / or can ends of different sizes, among others. Various other benefits and advantages may be realized with the systems and methods described herein, and the aforementioned benefits and advantages should not be considered limiting.

[0027] FIG. 1 illustrates an example of a can end 101 formed from a metal sheet by a can end forming system according to embodiments. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the can end 101 generally includes a center panel 103 and a profiled portion 105. While illustrated as a sectional view, it will be appreciated that can ends 101 are generally circular, and thus, the components of the can end 101 may be generally annular or circular.

[0028] In some embodiments, and as illustrated in FIG. 1, the center panel 103 may be substantially planar in shape (e.g., having a radius of curvature of 0). In other embodiments, the center panel 103 may include other shapes or profiles, such as but not limited to a mild arc segment or other geometric shape. As a non-limiting example, a center of the center panel 103 may be slightly crowned and include an annular portion extending to an inner wall 111.

[0029] The profiled portion 105 can extend from the center panel 103 to an outer extremity or terminus 107 of the can end 101. The terminus 107 may correspond to an edge 109, for example. The profiled portion 105 can include any number of constituent portions. In certain embodiments, and as shown in FIG. 1, the profiled portion 105 may include an inner wall 111, a countersink 113, a chuckwall 115, and crown 117, although any combination of more, fewer, or different elements may be utilized.

[0030] The inner wall 111 of the profiled portion 105 extends from the center panel 103 toward and / or into the countersink 113, and the countersink 113 may define a lower end of the can end 101. The chuckwall 115 may extend from the countersink 113 to the crown 117. As illustrated in FIG. 1, the crown 117 generally includes an inner wall 121, a top wall 123, and an outer wall 125, of which the outer wall 125 includes the edge 109 of the can end 101. In various embodiments, the crown 117 and / or terminus 107 may be curled. The top wall 123 of the crown 117 may generally define an upper end of the can end 101, and as discussed in detail below with reference to FIG. 12, a distance from the upper end (defined by the top wall 123) to the lower end (defined by the countersink 113) may define a total height of the can end 101.

[0031] The particular can end 101 illustrated in FIG. 1 should not be considered limiting, and in other embodiments, a can end 101 (and sub-portions thereof) may have various shapes, profiles, and / or portions as desired. In certain embodiments, and as discussed in detail below with reference to FIG. 12, improved can ends 101 described herein may include dimensions, profiles, and / or relative dimensions and / or profiles providing improved performance A two-dimensional crosssection of the can end 101 (such as, but not limited to that shown in FIG. 1) may be rotated about a vertical axis 119 to form a symmetric three-dimensional shape for the can end 101 in use. As discussed in greater detail below, in certain embodiments, a parameterized shape for the profiled portion 105 may be generated and implemented to meet specified criteria. Improved Can End Profile

[0032] As illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 12, the improved can ends described herein may be characterized by various dimensions, profiles, and / or relative dimensions and / or profiles. While reference is made to can ends 401 and 1201, the following description is applicable to can ends consistent with the disclosure.

[0033] In some embodiments, and as illustrated in FIGS. 4 and 12, the improved can ends described herein may be characterized as a series of arc segments.

[0034] Referring to FIG. 4, for example, the can end 401 is illustrated with a center panel 403, a profiled portion 405, a terminus 407 and an edge 409, which can be examples of the center panel 103, the profiled portion 105, the terminus 107, and the edge 109.

[0035] A center line 410 can extend through the center panel 403 and the profiled portion 405. The center line 410 can include a series of arc segments Ai-An. The series of arc segments Ai-An are shown fully within the profiled portion 405 in FIG. 4 (e.g., with the center panel 403 ending at or before a location where series of arc segments Ai-An begins). However, in some embodiments, the series of arc segments Ai-An may extend at least partially into the center panel 403 and / or at least a portion of the center panel 403 may be included within the series of arc segments Ai-An (e.g., such that at least a portion of the center panel 403 may be curved). The series of arc segments Ai-An can include an initial (or first) arc segment Ai, zero, one, or more intervening arc segments Ai, and a final arc segment An, for example. The series of arc segments Ai-An may span between an end of the center panel 403 (e.g., Po) and the terminus 407 and / or edge 409 (e.g., Pn) of the can end 401. A number (e.g., “n” in the designation of the final arc segment An) and / or shape of arc segments in the profiled portion 405 can be varied to provide different profiles, e.g., resulting in a geometry that can be arbitrarily complex or simple. Representing the profiled portion 405 as a series of arc segments Ai-An may thus allow for evaluating profiles with an arbitrary number of degrees of freedom, e.g., to facilitate geometrical optimization.

[0036] The series of arc segments Ai-An may be connected end to end. For example, the initial or first arc segment Ai can include a starting point Po that abuts the center panel 403 and may extend to an ending point Pi (e.g., where a second arc segment A2 may begin). The second arc segment A2 may extend to a corresponding second ending point P2 (e.g., where a third arc segment A3 may begin and extend to a third ending point P3). More generally, each intervening arc segment Ai may include a starting point Pi-i (e.g., at which there may be an end to the arc segment Ai-i immediately preceding in the series) and may include an ending point Pi (e.g., at which a subsequent arc segment Ai-i may begin). The final arc segment An may similarly include a starting point Pn-i (e.g., at an end to the arc segment An-i immediately preceding in the series). The final arc segment An can include an ending point Pn, which may coincide with the terminus 407 and / or edge 409.

[0037] The arc segments Ai-An can be circular arc segments. Each can have its own radius R and included angle 0. For example, the initial or first arc segment Ai is shown having a radius Ri and an included angle 0i. The series of arc segments Ai-An can also be expressed in terms of terms of effect on normal vector (p relative to the center line 410. For example, as shown in FIG. 4, the normal vector (po at the center panel 403 can extend vertically or at an orientation of 0°. This orientation of 0° may thus be present at Po (e.g., ending point of the center panel 403 and starting point of the initial or first arc segment Ai). The radius Ri and included angle Oi of the first arc segment A, may impart a normal vector change A<pi over the length of the first arc segment Ai, e.g., such that a different orientation of the normal vector (pi relative to the center line 410 may be present at the ending point Pi of the first arc segment Ai. Thus the geometry of the first arc segment Ai may be expressed as a function of the radius Ri and normal vector change A<pi over the length of the first arc segment Ai. Similarly, each intervening arc segment Ai may be expressed as a function of its radius Ri and normal vector change A<pi over the length of the arc segment Ai. Generally, at an ending point Pi of a given arc segment Ai, the orientation of the normal vector (pi may be determined based on the normal vector change A<pi over the length of the arc segment Ai added to the normal vector orientation <pi-i present at the ending point Pi-i of the preceding arc segment Ai-i. In comparison, at an opposite end of the can end 401, the normal vector (pn can be 90° at the ending point Pn of the final arc segment An (e.g., at the terminus 407 or edge 409).

[0038] In some embodiments, the series of arc segments Ai-An can include at least one segment S that approximates a straight line (e.g., given a sufficiently large radius R combined with a sufficiently small included angle 0 or normal vector change A<p). In some embodiments, the series of arc segments Ai-An can be provided without any straight-line approximating segments S and / or may be comprised solely of arc segments or curved segments. For example, in some embodiments, the series of arc segments Ai-An may include only arc segments that exhibit a normal vector change A<p of at least 0.1°.

[0039] The number of arc segments used to characterize a can end (e.g., can end 401) should not be considered limiting. As a non-limiting, and as illustrated in FIG. 12, the can end 1201 may include at least thirteen arc segments (identified as arc segments 1-13). In the embodiment of FIG. 12, arc segments 1-4 may form the inner wall 111, arc segments 5-6 may form the countersink 113, arc segments 7-10 may form the chuckwall 115, and arc segments 11-13 may form the crown 117.

[0040] In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 1 may have a radius size from about 0.412 mm to about 0.618 mm, such as from about 0.463 mm to about 0.566 mm, and / or such as from about 0.489 mm to about 0.540 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 1 may have a radius of about 0.515 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 1 may be at least 0.412 mm, such as at least 0.463 mm, and / or such as at least 0.489 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 1 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 46.048° to about 30.229°, such as from about 40.689° to about 33.052°, and / or such as from about 38.460° to about 34.675°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 1 may have a relative angle of about 36.468°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 1 may be less than 46.048°, such as less than 40.689°, and / or such as less than 38.460°.

[0041] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 2 may have a radius size from about 58.776 mm to about 88.164 mm, such as from about 66.123 mm to about 80.817 mm, and / or such as about 69.797 mm to about 77.144 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 2 may have a radius size of about 73 .470 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 2 may have a radius size of at least 58.776, such as at least 66.123, and / or such as at least 69.797. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 2 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 1.804° to about 1.203°, such as from about 1.604° to about 1.312°, and / or such as from about 1.519° to about 1.375°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 2 may have a relative angle of about 1.443°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 2 may be less than 1.804°, such as less than 1.604°, and / or such as less than 1.519°.

[0042] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 3 may have a radius size from about 0.502 mm to about 0.753 mm, such as from about 0.564 mm to about 0.690 mm, and / or such as about 0.596 mm to about 0.658 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 3 may have a radius size of about 0.627 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 3 may have a radius size of at least 0.502 mm, such as at least 0.564 mm, and / or such as at least 0.596 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 3 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 39.607° to about 26.108°, such as from about 35.054° to about 28.529°, and / or such as from about 33.154° to about 29.918°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 3 may have a relative angle of about 31.452°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 3 may be less than 39.607°, such as less than 35.054°, and / or such as less than 33.154°.

[0043] In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 4 may have a radius size from about 22.929 mm to about 34.393 mm, such as from about 25.795 mm to about 31.527 mm, and / or such as about 27.228 mm to about 30.094 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 4 may have a radius size of about 28.661 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 4 may have a radius size of at least 22.929 mm, such as at least 25.795 mm, and / or such as at least 27.228 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 4 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 4.142° to about 2.761°, such as from about 3.682° to about 3.012°, and / or such as from about 3.488° to about 3.156°. In one nonlimiting example, arc segment 4 may have a relative angle of about 3.313°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 4 may be less than 4.142°, such as less than 3.682°, and / or such as less than 3.488°.

[0044] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 5 may have a radius size from about 0.381 mm to about 0.572 mm, such as from about 0.429 mm to about 0.524 mm, and / or such as about 0.453 mm to about 0.501 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 5 may have a radius size of about 0.477 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 5 may have a radius size of at least 0.381 mm, such as at least 0.429 mm, and / or such as at least 0.453 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 5 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -100.514° to about -61.676°, such as from about -86.233° to about -68.003°, and / or such as from about -80.708° to about -71.725°. In one nonlimiting example, arc segment 5 may have a relative angle of about -75.924°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 5 may be less than -100.514°, such as less than -86.233°, and / or such as less than -80.708°.

[0045] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 6 may have a radius size from about 0.163 mm to about 0.244 mm, such as from about 0.183 mm to about 0.224 mm, and / or such as from about 0.193 mm to about 0.213 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 6 may have a radius size of about 0.203 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 6 may have a radius size of at least 0.163 mm, such as at least 0.183 mm, and / or such as at least 0.193 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 6 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -107.030° to about -64.825°, such as from about -91.234° to about -71.569°, and / or such as from about -85.229° to about -75.553°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 6 may have a relative angle of about -80.063°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 6 may be less than -107.030°, such as less than -91.234°, and / or such as less than -85.229°.

[0046] In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 7 may have a radius size from about 205.641 mm to about 308.461 mm, such as from about 231.346 mm to about 282.756 mm, and / or such as from about 244.198 mm to about 269.903 mm. In one nonlimiting example, arc segment 7 may have a radius size of about 257.051. In some embodiments, arc segment 7 may have a radius size of at least 205.641 mm, such as at least 231.346 mm, and / or such as at least 244.298 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 7 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -0.301° to about -0.201°, such as from about -0.267° to about -0.219°, and / or such as from about -0.253° to about -0.229°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 7 may have a relative angle of about -0.241°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 7 may be less than -0.301°, such as less than -0.267°, and / or such as less than -0.253°.

[0047] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 8 may have a radius size from about 2.210 mm to about 3.315 mm, such as from about 2.486 mm to about 3.039 mm, and / or such as from about 2.624 mm to about 2.900 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 8 may have a radius size of about 2.762 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 8 may have a radius size of at least 2.210 mm, such as at least 2.486 mm, and / or such as at least 2.624 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 8 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 63.449° to about 41.043°, such as from about 55.733° to about 44.968°, and / or such as from about 52.567° to about 47.236°. In one nonlimiting example, arc segment 8 may have a relative angle of about 49.754°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 8 may be less than 73.449°, such as less than 55.733°, and / or such as less than 52.567°.

[0048] In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 9 may have a radius size from about 3.989 mm to about 5.983 mm, such as from about 4.487 mm to about 5.485 mm, and / or such as from about 4.737 mm to about 5.235 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 9 may have a radius size of about 4.986 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 9 may have a radius size of at least 3.989 mm, such as at least 4.487 mm, and / or such as at least 4.737 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 9 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -43.954° to about -28.894°, such as from about -38.860° to about -31.587°, and / or such as from about -36.739° to about -33.133°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 9 may have a relative angle of about -34.841°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 9 may be less than -43.954°, such as less than -38.860°, and / or such as less than -36.739°.

[0049] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 10 may have a radius size from about 2.201 mm to about 3.302 mm, such as from about 2.477 mm to about 3.027 mm, and / or such as from about 2.614 mm to about 2.889 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 10 may have a radius size of about 2.752 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 10 may have a radius size of at least 2.201 mm, such as at least 2.477 mm, and / or at least 2.614 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 10 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 13.300° to about 8.856°, such as from about 11.817° to about 9.662°, and / or such as from about 11.193° to about 10.124°. Tn one non-limiting example, arc segment 10 may have a relative angle of about 10.631°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 10 may be less than 13.300°, such as less than 11.817°, and / or such as less than 11.193°.

[0050] In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 11 may have a radius size from about 1.788 mm to about 1.976 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 11 may have a radius size of about 1.882 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 11 may have a radius size of at least 1.788 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 11 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 61.465° to about 67.935°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 11 may have a relative angle of about 64.700°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 11 may be less than 61.465°.

[0051] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 12 may have a radius size from about 5.384 mm to about 5.950 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 12 may have a radius size of about 5.667 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 12 may have a radius size of at least 5.384 mm. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 12 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 19.000° to about 21.000°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 12 may have a relative angle of about 20.000°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 12 may be less than 19.000°.

[0052] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 13 may have a radius size from about 0.823 mm to about 0.909 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 13 may have a radius size of about 0.866 mm. In some embodiments, arc segment 13 may have a radius size of at least 0.823 mm. In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 13 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 74.100° to about 81.900°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 13 may have a relative angle of about 78.000°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 13 may be less than 74.100°.

[0053] Optionally, in certain embodiments, the crown 117 of the can end (e.g., defined by arc segments 11-13) may be generally unchanging, and the arc segments defining the inner wall, countersink, and chuckwall (e.g., arc segments 1-10) may be controlled to provide can ends with improved buckle strength and / or performance. In other embodiments, the arc segments defining the crown 117 may be varied as desired.

[0054] In addition to the arc segments, and as discussed below with reference to FIG. 12, the improved can ends described herein may be characterized by various dimensions, profdes, and / or relative dimensions and / or profiles.

[0055] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the countersink 113 of the can end 1201 generally has a countersink center 1239, which is the lowest point of the countersink 113. As illustrated in FIG. 12, the crown 117 of the can end 1201 generally has a crown transition point 1241 (e.g., the point between arc segment 11 and arc segment 12 in FIG. 12, and / or the transition point between the inner wall 121 and the top wall 123) in which the crown 117 transitions from extending more vertically (e.g., the arc segment 11) to extending more horizontally (e.g., arc segment 12). The crown transition point 1241 is not necessarily a topmost portion (or center) of the crown 117, although it may be in some embodiments. In various embodiments, the more vertically extending arc segment defining the crown transition point 1241 (e.g., arc segment 11 and / or the inner wall 121) includes a segment center 1243.

[0056] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes an inner diameter 1231, which is defined as the distance between countersink transition points 1239 on opposing sides of the can end 1201. The inner diameter 1231 may be various diameters as desired, and the inner diameters illustrated and described should not be considered limiting. In certain embodiments, the profiles and / or dimensions of the profiled portion of the can end may provide improved buckle strength and / or performance regardless of a particular inner diameter size.

[0057] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes an inner profile offset 1233, which is defined as the distance between the countersink transition point 1239 and the segment center 1243 of more vertically extending arc segment defining the crown transition point 1241 (e.g., arc segment 11 and / or the inner wall 121) of the crown 117. The inner profile offset 1233 may be various diameters as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the inner profile offset 1233 may be from about 4.195 mm to about 6.293 mm, such as from about 4.720 mm to about 5.768 mm, and / or such as from about 4.982 mm to about 5.507 mm. In one nonlimiting example, inner profile offset 1233 may be about 5.244 mm. In certain embodiments, inner profile offset 1233 may be at least 4.195 mm, such as at least 4.719 mm, and / or such as at least 4.982 mm.

[0058] As illustrated in FIG. 12, in various embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a panel height 1235, which is defined as the distance from the lower end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the countersink) to the center panel 103. The panel height 1235 may be various heights as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the panel height 1235 may be from about 2.935 mm to about 4.402 mm, such as from about 3.301 mm to about 4.035 mm, and / or such as from about 3.485 mm to about 3.852 mm. In one non-limiting example, the panel height 1235 may be about 3.668. In some embodiments, the panel height 1235 may be at least 2.935 mm, such as at least 3.301 mm, and / or such as at least 3.485 mm.

[0059] In some embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a total height 1237, which is defined as the distance from the lower end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the countersink) to the upper end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the crown 117). The total height 1237 may be various heights as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the total height 1237 may be from about 5.524 mm to about 8.286 mm, such as from about 6.215 mm to about 7.596 mm, and / or such as from about 6.560 mm to about 7.251 mm. In one non-limiting example, the total height 1237 may be about 6.905 mm. In certain embodiments, the total height 1237 may be at least 5.524 mm, such as at least 6.215 mm, and / or such as at least 6.560 mm.

[0060] In one non-limiting example, a can end 1201 having the inner profile offset 1233 from about 4.195 mm to about 6.293 mm, the panel height 1235 from about 2.935 mm to about 4.402 mm, and the total height 1237 from about 5.524 mm to about 8.286 mm may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs. As a further non-limiting example, a can end 1201 having the inner profile offset 1233 from about 4.720 mm to about 5.769 mm, the panel height 1235 from about 3.301 mm to about 4.035 mm, and the total height 1237 from about 6.215 to about 7.596 mm may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs. As another non-limiting example, a can end 1201 having the inner profile offset 1233 from about 4.982 mm to about 5.507 mm, the panel height 1235 from about 3.485 mm to about 3.852 mm, and the total height 1237 from about 6.560 mm to about 7.251 mm may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs. In a further non-limiting example, a can end 120 having the inner profile offset 1233 of about 5.244 mm, the panel height 1235 of about 3.668 mm, and the total height 1237 of 6.905 mm may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs.

[0061] As discussed in detail below, can ends with the aforementioned arc segments and / or dimensions (e.g., inner profile offset 1233, panel height 1235, and / or total height 1237) may be improved can ends optimizing buckle strength and mass compared to traditional can ends. In certain embodiments, the can ends may have improved buckle strength, thereby allowing for materials with high recycling content and / or lower strength, such as but not limited to a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, to be utilized in place of traditional materials used for can ends (e.g., 5xxx series aluminum alloys). As one non-limiting example, the can ends described herein may utilize AA3104 as the material for the can end. Additionally, or alternatively, the can ends described herein have improved buckle strength, thereby allowing for a thinner gauge material to be utilized for the can end, such as but not limited to a high-strength, low-recycling aluminum alloy such as a 5xxx series aluminum alloy. As one non-limiting example, the can ends described herein may utilize a thinner gauge of AA5182 as the material for the can end compared to traditional can ends such as but not limited to the B64 type can end and the CDL type can end. Various other benefits and advantages may be realized with the systems and methods described herein, and the aforementioned benefits and advantages should not be considered limiting. Specific Examples of Can End Profiles

[0062] FIG. 6 illustrates a portion of a can end 601 having specified values for a series of arc segments A1-A14 (denoted as segments 1 through 14 in FIG. 6) connected end to end according to some embodiments. The can end 601 may correspond to the example selection 512 or other selection in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300, for example.

[0063] FIG. 7 illustrates a non-limiting example of a set of specified values. The values may correspond to the series of arc segments Ai-Am shown in FIG. 6, for example. The series A1-A14 as represented in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7 includes an initial arc segment Ai, various intervening arc segments A2-A13, and a final arc segment A14. The series of arc segments A1-A14 is arranged such that the initial arc segment starting point abuts the center panel, each intervening arc segment starting point and the final arc segment starting point abuts the ending point of the arc segment immediately preceding in the series, and the final arc segment ending point is at the terminus of the edge of the can end. Each arc segment extends from a starting point to an ending point along a path defined by a radius size (e.g., in millimeters (mm), such as shown in the middle column in FIG. 7) and a change in normal vector orientation (e.g., in degrees (°), such as shown in the right column in FIG. 7 labeled relative angle). A positive number in the relative angle column may correspond to a change or rotation in the clockwise direction, while a negative number may correspond to a counterclockwise direction. Values may be given within manufacturing tolerances, which may correspond to within ±0.001 mm and / or within 0.001° and / or other suitable amounts.

[0064] As represented in FIG. 6 and FIG. 7, within manufacturing tolerances, the series of arc segments A1-A14 in sequential order can include a first arc segment (corresponding to the initial arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.463 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 47.800°), a second arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 77.600 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 0.510°), a third arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.476 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 42.730°), a fourth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 38.100 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 0.530°), a fifth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.657 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -93.620°), a sixth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.303 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -85.690°), a seventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 195.200 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -0.450°), an eighth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.090 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 45.240°), a ninth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.670 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -32.980°), a tenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.520 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 24.930°), an eleventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.620 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 45.000°), a twelfth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 3.040 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 25.000°), a thirteenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.310 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 45.000°), and a fourteenth arc segment (corresponding to the final arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.726 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 26.000°).The series of arc segments A1-A14 may be implemented relative to a base diameter of 41.478 mm or other value. For example, the base diameter may correspond to a largest dimension of the center panel 103 and / or a dimension between initial arc segment starting points on opposite sides of the center panel.

[0065] FIG. 8 illustrates a portion of a can end 701 having specified values for a series of arc segments A1-A12 (denoted as segments 1 through 12 in FIG. 8) connected end to end according to some embodiments. The can end 701 may correspond to a selection from FIG. 5 or other selection in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300, for example.

[0066] FIG. 9 illustrates a non-limiting example of a set of specified values. The values may correspond to the series of arc segments A1-A12 shown in FIG. 8, for example. The series A1-A12 as represented in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9 includes an initial arc segment Ai, various intervening arc segments A2-A11, and a final arc segment A12. The series of arc segments A1-A12 is arranged such that the initial arc segment starting point abuts the center panel, each intervening arc segment starting point and the final arc segment starting point abuts the ending point of the arc segment immediately preceding in the series, and the final arc segment ending point is at the terminus of the edge of the can end. Each arc segment extends from a starting point to an ending point along a path defined by a radius size (e.g., in millimeters (mm), such as shown in the middle column in FIG. 9) and a change in normal vector orientation (e.g., in degrees (°), such as shown in the right column in FIG. 9 labeled relative angle). A positive number in the relative angle column may correspond to a change or rotation in the clockwise direction, while a negative number may correspond to a counterclockwise direction. Values may be given within manufacturing tolerances, which may correspond to within ±0.001 mm and / or within 0.001° and / or other suitable amounts.

[0067] As represented in FIG. 8 and FIG. 9, within manufacturing tolerances, the series of arc segments A1-A12 in sequential order can include a first arc segment (corresponding to the initial arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.508 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 32.044°), a second arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 82.150 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 1.677°), a third arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.575 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 34.298°), a fourth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 27.150 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 3.483°), a fifth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.550 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -77.578°), a sixth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.213 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -73.845°), a seventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 247.800 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 0.371°), an eighth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.604 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 46.497°), a ninth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.474 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -38.524°), a tenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.882 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 64.700°), an eleventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.667 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 20.000°), and a twelfth arc segment (corresponding to the final arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.866 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 78.000°). The series of arc segments A1-A12 may be implemented relative to a base diameter of 35.860 mm or other value. For example, the base diameter may correspond to a largest dimension of the center panel 103 and / or a dimension between initial arc segment starting points on opposite sides of the center panel.

[0068] FIG. 10 illustrates another non-limiting example of a set of specified values. The values may correspond to the series of arc segments A1-A12 shown in FIG. 8, for example. The series Ai-A12 as represented in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10 includes an initial arc segment Ai, various intervening arc segments A2-A11, and a final arc segment A12. The series of arc segments A1-A12 is arranged such that the initial arc segment starting point abuts the center panel, each intervening arc segment starting point and the final arc segment starting point abuts the ending point of the arc segment immediately preceding in the series, and the final arc segment ending point is at the terminus of the edge of the can end. Each arc segment extends from a starting point to an ending point along a path defined by a radius size (e.g., in millimeters (mm), such as shown in the middle column in FIG. 10) and a change in normal vector orientation (e.g., in degrees (°), such as shown in the right column in FIG. 10 labeled relative angle). A positive number in the relative angle column may correspond to a change or rotation in the clockwise direction, while a negative number may correspond to a counterclockwise direction. Values may be given within manufacturing tolerances, which may correspond to within ±0.001 mm and / or within 0.001° and / or other suitable amounts.

[0069] As represented in FIG. 8 and FIG. 10, within manufacturing tolerances, the series of arc segments A1-A12 in sequential order can include a first arc segment (corresponding to the initial arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.529 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 35.312°), a second arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 79.680 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -0.206°), a third arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.567 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 36.685°), a fourth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 28.069 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 4.251°), a fifth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.702 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -76.916°), a sixth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.232 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -73.606°), a seventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 193.100 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 0.510°), an eighth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.363 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 52.548°), a ninth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 4.908 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -50.918°), a tenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.882 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 64.704°), an eleventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.667 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 20.000°), and a twelfth arc segment (corresponding to the final arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.866 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 78.000°). The series of arc segments A1-A12 may be implemented relative to a base diameter of 37.920 mm or other value. For example, the base diameter may correspond to a largest dimension of the center panel 103 and / or a dimension between initial arc segment starting points on opposite sides of the center panel.

[0070] FIG. 12 illustrates a portion of a can end 1201 having specified values for a series of arc segments A1-A13 (denoted as segments 1 through 13 in FIG. 12) connected end to end according to some embodiments. The can end 1201 may correspond to a selection from FIG. 5 or other selection in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300, for example.

[0071] FIG. 13 illustrates a non-limiting example of a set of specified values. The values may correspond to the series of arc segments A1-A13 shown in FIG. 12, for example. The series A1-A13 as represented in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13 includes an initial arc segment Ai, various intervening arc segments A2-A12, and a final arc segment A13. The series of arc segments A1-A13 is arranged such that the initial arc segment starting point abuts the center panel, each intervening arc segment starting point and the final arc segment starting point abuts the ending point of the arc segment immediately preceding in the series, and the final arc segment ending point is at the terminus of the edge of the can end. Each arc segment extends from a starting point to an ending point along a path defined by a radius size (e.g., in millimeters (mm), such as shown in the middle column in FIG. 13) and a change in normal vector orientation (e.g., in degrees (°), such as shown in the right column in FIG. 13 labeled relative angle). A positive number in the relative angle column may correspond to a change or rotation in the clockwise direction, while a negative number may correspond to a counterclockwise direction. Values may be given within manufacturing tolerances, which may correspond to within ±0.001 mm and / or within 0.001° and / or other suitable amounts.

[0072] As represented in FIG. 12 and FIG. 13, within manufacturing tolerances, the series of arc segments A1-A13 in sequential order can include a first arc segment (corresponding to the initial arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.505 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 43.143°), a second arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 75.130 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 1.562°), a third arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.551 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 30.015°), a fourth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 24.510 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 3 .477°), a fifth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.461 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -75.432°), a sixth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.183 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -77.989°), a seventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 203.500 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 0.504°), an eighth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 3.007 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 40.843°), a ninth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.157 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -35.677°), a tenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.750 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 1 1.557°), an eleventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.882 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 49.997°), a twelfth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.667 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 20.000°), and a thirteenth arc segment (corresponding to the final arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.866 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 78.000°). The series of arc segments A1-A13 may be implemented relative to a base diameter of 38.280 mm or other value. For example, the base diameter may correspond to a largest dimension of the center panel 103 and / or a dimension between initial arc segment starting points on opposite sides of the center panel.

[0073] FIG. 14 illustrates another non-limiting example of a set of specified values. The values may correspond to the series of arc segments A1-A13 shown in FIG. 2, for example. The series Ai-A13 as represented in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14 includes an initial arc segment Ai, various intervening arc segments A2-A12, and a final arc segment A13. The series of arc segments A1-A13 is arranged such that the initial arc segment starting point abuts the center panel, each intervening arc segment starting point and the final arc segment starting point abuts the ending point of the arc segment immediately preceding in the series, and the final arc segment ending point is at the terminus of the edge of the can end. Each arc segment extends from a starting point to an ending point along a path defined by a radius size (e.g., in millimeters (mm), such as shown in the middle column in FIG. 14) and a change in normal vector orientation (e.g., in degrees (°), such as shown in the right column in FIG. 14 labeled relative angle). A positive number in the relative angle column may correspond to a change or rotation in the clockwise direction, while a negative number may correspond to a counterclockwise direction. Values may be given within manufacturing tolerances, which may correspond to within ±0.001 mm and / or within 0.001° and / or other suitable amounts.

[0074] As represented in FIG. 12 and FIG. 14, within manufacturing tolerances, the series of arc segments A1-A13 in sequential order can include a first arc segment (corresponding to the initial arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.515 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 36.468°), a second arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 73.470 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 1.443°), a third arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.627 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 31.452°), a fourth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 28.661 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 3.313°), a fifth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.477 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -75.924°), a sixth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 0.203 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -80.063°), a seventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 257.050 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -0.241°), an eighth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.762 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 49.754°), a ninth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 4.986 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of -34.841°), a tenth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 2.752 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 10.631°), an eleventh arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 1.882 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 50.007°), a twelfth arc segment (corresponding to one of the intervening arc segments and defined by a radius size of 5.667 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 20.000°), and a thirteenth arc segment (corresponding to the final arc segment and defined by a radius size of 0.866 mm and a change in normal vector orientation of 78.000°). The series of arc segments A1-A13 may be implemented relative to a base diameter of 39.039 mm or other value. For example, the base diameter may correspond to a largest dimension of the center panel 103 and / or a dimension between initial arc segment starting points on opposite sides of the center panel.

[0075] In certain embodiments, the specific sets of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 may be improved can ends optimizing buckle strength and mass compared to traditional can ends. In various embodiments, the specific sets of specified values for a series of arc segments connected end to end to define a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 may be profiles on the Pareto front. In certain embodiments, the specific values defining a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 may provide improved buckle strength to the can end, thereby allowing for materials with high recycling content and / or lower strength, such as but not limited to a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, to be utilized in place of traditional materials used for can ends (e.g., 5xxx series aluminum alloys). As one non-limiting example, the specific values defining a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 may allow for the use of AA3104 as the material for the can end. Additionally, or alternatively, the specific values defining a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 13, and 14 may provide improved buckle strength, thereby allowing for a thinner gauge material to be utilized for the can end, such as but not limited to a high-strength, low-recycling aluminum alloy such as a 5xxx series aluminum alloy. As one non-limiting example, the specific values defining a can end as illustrated in FIGS. 7, 9, 10, 12, 13, and 14 may allow for the use of a thinner gauge of AA5182 as the material for the can end compared to traditional can ends such as but not limited to the B64 type can end and the CDL type can end. Specific Examples of Can End Profiles With Varied Countersink Radius

[0076] In certain embodiments, profiles may be implemented with suitable characteristics to facilitate accommodating additional and / or alternative parameters. Some examples are shown in FIG. 15.

[0077] FIG. 15 illustrates examples of profiles A-H of a portion of a can end 1501. The profiles A-H of the can end 1501 may correspond to different options for a selection in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300, for example. The profiles A-H may each have an individual combination of specified values for a series of arc segments A1-A13 (e.g., which may correspond to those denoted as segments 1 through 13 in FIG. 12) connected end to end according to some embodiments. For example, each of the profiles A-H of FIG. 15 may be represented by respective combinations of values shown in FIG. 16 for the radius and relative angle of each one of the segments S1-S13 of FIG. 12. Additionally or alternatively, each of the profiles A-H of FIG. 15 may be represented by respective combinations of values shown in FIG. 17 with respect to other parameters identified by reference number in FIG. 12 and / or explained further herein. Profiles are not limited to the precise values in FIG. 16 and / or 17, however, and it should be understood that the profiles A-H are illustrative and may be subject to variations within other ranges described herein.

[0078] The profiles A-H may be implemented relative to features previously described with respect to FIG. 12 (e.g., with like or different values to those previously described in earlier examples) and / or with respect to other features not already described relative to FIG. 12. Thus, for ease of understanding, explanation relative to the profiles A-H may include discussion of various features relative to FIG. 12 that may be repeated and / or described with respect to other values and / or features than those previously described.

[0079] As illustrated in FIG. 12, the countersink 113 of the can end 1201 generally has a countersink center 1239, which is the lowest point of the countersink 113. For example, the countersink center 1239 may correspond to a countersink transition point at which a surface of the countersink transitions from extending downwardly to extending upwardly (or vice versa). As illustrated in FIG. 12, the crown 117 of the can end 1201 generally has a crown transition point 1241 (e.g., the point between arc segment 11 and arc segment 12 in FIG. 12, and / or the transition point between the inner wall 121 and the top wall 123) in which the crown 117 transitions from extending more vertically (e.g., the arc segment 11) to extending more horizontally (e.g., arc segment 12). The crown transition point 1241 is not necessarily a topmost portion (or center) of the crown 117, although it may be in some embodiments. In various embodiments, the more vertically extending arc segment defining the crown transition point 1241 (e.g., arc segment 11 and / or the inner wall 121) includes a segment center 1243.

[0080] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes an inner diameter 1231, which is defined as the distance between countersink transition points 1239 on opposing sides of the can end 1201. The inner diameter 1231 may be various diameters as desired, and the inner diameters illustrated and described should not be considered limiting. In certain embodiments, the profiles and / or dimensions of the profiled portion of the can end may provide improved buckle strength and / or performance regardless of a particular inner diameter size.

[0081] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a panel radius 1232, which may be defined as the distance between a center of the center panel 103 and a panel edge 1234. The center of the center panel 103 may be on the vertical axis 119 referenced in FIG. 1, for example. The panel edge 1234 may correspond to a transition point between the center panel 103 and the profiled portion 105 (such as the start of arc segment 1). The panel radius 1232 may be various dimensions as desired, and the panel radius illustrated and described should not be considered limiting. In certain embodiments, the profiles and / or dimensions of the center panel 103 may be suitable sized for fitting a scoreline, tab, rivet, and / or other features for facilitating opening the can end 1201 in use to access contents through the can end 1201. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the panel radius 1232 may be from about 20.300 mm to about 20.500 mm, such as from about 20.350 mm to about 20.450 mm, and / or such as from about 20.351 mm to about 20.408 mm. In certain embodiments, the panel radius 1232 may be at least 20.300 mm, such as at least 20.350 mm, such as at least 20.351 mm, such as at least 20.353, such as at least 20.354 mm, such as at least 20.355 mm, such as at least 20.357 mm, such as at least 20.359 mm, such as at least 20.361 mm, and / or such as at least 20.408 mm. In one non-limiting example, the panel radius 1232 may be about 20.351 mm (e.g., as represented in profile E). In this context, “about” may refer to being within plus or minus 0.010 mm and / or among a combination of endpoints listed.

[0082] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a chuckwall offset 1236, which may be defined as the lateral distance between the panel edge 1234 and the countersink transition 1239. The chuckwall offset 1236 may be various dimensions as desired, and the dimensions illustrated and described should not be considered limiting. In certain embodiments, the chuckwall offset 1236 may correspond to a difference between the inner diameter 1231 and double the panel radius 1232.

[0083] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes an inner profile offset 1233, which is defined as the distance between the countersink transition point 1239 and the segment center 1243 of more vertically extending arc segment defining the crown transition point 1241 (e.g., arc segment 11 and / or the inner wall 121) of the crown 117. The inner profile offset 1233 may be various diameters as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the inner profile offset 1233 may be from about 5.302 mm to about 8.231 mm, such as from about 5.596 mm to about 7.857 mm, such as from about 5.773 mm to about 7.633 mm, and / or such as from about 5.891 mm to about 7.483 mm. In certain embodiments, the inner profile offset 1233 may be at least 5.891 mm, such as at least 6.295 mm, such as at least 6.390 mm, such as at least 6.542 mm, such as at least 6.740 mm, such as at least 6.890 mm, such as at least 7.149 mm, and / or such as at least 7.483 mm. In one non-limiting example, the inner profile offset 1233 may be about 5.891 mm (e.g., as represented in profile E). In this context, “about” may refer to being within plus or minus 0.010 mm and / or among a combination of endpoints listed.

[0084] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes an outer profile offset 1238, which may be defined as the distance between an outer edge 1240 of the can end 1201 and the segment center 1243 of more vertically extending arc segment defining the crown transition point 1241 (e.g., arc segment 11 and / or the inner wall 121) of the crown 117. The outer edge 1240 may correspond to the outer extremity or terminus 107 referenced in FIG. 1, for example. The outer profile offset 1238 may be various dimensions as desired, and the dimensions illustrated and described should not be considered limiting. In certain embodiments, a total diameter of the can end 1201 may correspond to a summation of double the outer profile offset 1238, double the inner profile offset 1233, and the inner diameter 1231 (and the inner diameter 1231 may in turn correspond to a summation of double the chuckwall offset 1236 and double the panel radius 1232).

[0085] As illustrated in FIG. 12, in various embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a panel height 1235, which is defined as the distance from the lower end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the countersink) to the center panel 103. The panel height 1235 may be various heights as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the panel height 1235 may be from about 2.000 mm to about 3.200 mm, such as from about 2.200 mm to about 2.900 mm, and / or such as from about 2.400 mm to about 2.700 mm. In some embodiments, the panel height 1235 may be at least 2.000 mm, such as at least 2.200 mm, such as at least 2.400 mm, such as at least 2.459 mm, such as at least 2.537 mm, such as at least 2.581 mm, such as at least 2.593 mm, such as at least 2.597 mm, such as at least 2.610 mm, such as at least 2.669 mm, and / or such as at least 2.670 mm. In one non-limiting example, the panel height 1235 may be about 2.670 mm (e g., as represented in profile E). In this context, “about” may refer to being within plus or minus 0.010 mm and / or among a combination of endpoints listed.

[0086] In some embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a total height 1237, which is defined as the distance from the lower end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the countersink) to the upper end of the can end 1201 (e.g., as defined by the crown 117). The total height 1237 may be various heights as desired. In some embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the total height 1237 may be from about 5.524 mm to about 8.286 mm, such as from about 6.200 mm to about 8.000 mm, such as from about 6.800 mm to about 7.400 mm, such as from 7.000 mm to about 7.200 mm, and / or such as from 7.054 mm to about 7.176 mm. In certain embodiments, the total height 1237 may be at least 5.524 mm, such as at least 6.215 mm, such as at least 6.560 mm, such as at least 7.054 mm, such as at least 7.093 mm, such as at least 7.119 mm, such as at least 7.133 mm, such as at least 7.138 mm, such as at least 7.156 mm, such as at least 7.158 mm, and / or such as at least 7.158 mm. In one non-limiting example, the total height 1237 may be about 7.054 mm (e.g., as represented in profile E). In this context, “about” may refer to being within plus or minus 0.010 mm and / or among a combination of endpoints listed.

[0087] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes a countersink radius 1242. The countersink radius 1242 may be a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink. For example, the countersink radius may be a radius present at the countersink transition 1239. In various embodiments, the countersink radius 1242 may correspond to the radius of an arc segment formed from a combination of arc segment 4 and arc segment 5. The countersink radius 1242 may be various dimensions as desired, and the panel radius illustrated and described should not be considered limiting.

[0088] In certain embodiments, the countersink radius 1242 sized above a minimum threshold, below a maximum threshold, and / or within a range to achieve one or more benefits. The countersink radius 1242 may be sized to be large enough to avoid metal exposure. For example, below a minimum threshold of the countersink radius 1242, the can end 101 may be at risk of metal exposure, which may correspond to cracks developing in a coating on an underside of the can end 101 and exposing the contents of the can to the underlying metal of the can end 1201. In some examples of testing, metal exposure was observed with a countersink radius 1242 sized at 0.280 mm. Accordingly, the countersink radius 1242 may be sized above a minimum threshold to reduce or eliminate a risk of metal exposure. In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the countersink radius 1242 may be at least 0.290 mm, such as at least 0.300 mm, such as at least 0.310 mm, such as at least 0.350, such as at least 0.370 mm, such as at least 0.400 mm, such as at least 0.440 mm, such as at least 0.450 mm, such as at least 0.500 mm, and / or such as at least 0.550 mm.

[0089] The countersink radius 1242 may be sized to be small enough to facilitate exceeding an amount of buckle pressure and / or to avoid a reduction in buckle pressure below a target value. For example, increases to the countersink radius 1242 may impart corresponding reductions in buckle pressure of the can end 1201. Accordingly, the countersink radius 1242 may be sized below a maximum threshold to accommodate buckle pressure parameters. In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the countersink radius 1242 may be no more than 0.650 mm, such as no more than 0.600 mm, such as no more than 0.550 mm, such as no more than 0.500 mm, such as no more than 0.450 mm, such as no more than 0.440 mm, such as no more than 0.400 mm, such as no more than 0.370 mm, such as no more than 0.350 mm, and / or such as no more than 0.315 mm, and / or such as no more than 0.310, and / or such as no more than 0.300 mm.

[0090] The countersink radius 1242 may be sized within a range, such as to balance parameters relating to avoiding metal exposure and parameters relating to exceeding a target minimum buckle pressure. In certain embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, the countersink radius 1242 may be from about 0.290 mm to about 0.650 mm, such as from about 0.300 mm to about 0.600 mm, such as from about 0.310 mm to about 0.550 mm. In one non-limiting example, the countersink radius 1242 may be about 0.440 mm (e.g., as represented in profde E). In this context, “about” may refer to being within plus or minus 0.010 mm and / or among a combination of endpoints listed.

[0091] In certain embodiments, the can end 1201 includes other features formed according to one or more other parameters listed in the chart in FIG. 17. Examples may include shell diameter (e.g., which may correspond to an overall size of the shell having the profile, measured in millimeters, such as corresponding to a summation of double the outer profile offset 1238, double the inner profile offset 1233, and the inner diameter 1231), weight (e.g., which may correspond to an overall weight of the shell having the profile, measured in grams), gauge (e.g., which may correspond to a thickness of material of the shell having the profile prior to deformation, measured in millimeters), and / or buckle pressure (e.g., which may correspond to a tested simulated, and / or calculated pressure at which buckling may occur in the shell having the profile, measured in pounds per square inch (PSI)). Values for parameters set forth in the chart are not limiting, however. For example, although the chart in FIG. 17 for all profiles A-H lists a consistent value of 60.454 mm for the shell diameter (e.g., as may befit compatibility with a 202 can end), other shell diameters may be utilized, such to match a 200 can end, a 202 can end, a 204 can end, another standardized can end size, or another size of can end. As another example, other gauges and / or weights other than those listed may be utilized (e.g., where lower for either parameter may be beneficial), and / or other buckle pressure other than those listed may be targeted and / or achieved. Relative buckle pressure (in PSI) and countersink radius (in mm) are shown plotted for each of the profiles A-H in a chart in FIG. 18, which indicates that buckle pressure may decrease with an increase countersink radius 1242, e.g., such that a countersink radius 1242 (e.g., and corresponding resistance to metal exposure) may be selected to achieve a buckle pressure over a minimum target level.

[0092] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 1 may have a radius size from about 0.380 mm to about 0.647 mm, such as from about 0.401 mm to about 0.618 mm, such as from about 0.414 mm to about 0.600 mm, and / or such as about 0.423 mm to about 0.588 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 1 may have a radius size of at least 0.423 mm, such as at least 0.425 mm, such as at least 0.476 mm, such as at least 0.488 mm, such as at least 0.504 mm, such as at least 0.521 mm, such as at least 0.529 mm, and / or such as at least 0.588 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 1 may have a radius size of about 0.521 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 1 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 56.855° to about 75.944°, such as from about 60.014 to about 72.492°, such as from about 61.909 to about 70.421°, and / or such as from about 63.173° to about 69.040°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 1 may be less than 69.040°, such as less than 68.343°, such as less than 66.563°, such as less than 65.492°, such as less than 65.474°, such as less than 65.319°, such as less than 63.910°, and / or such as less than 63.173°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 1 may have a relative angle of about 63.910°.

[0093] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 2 may have a radius size from about 37.306 mm to about 91.716 mm, such as from about 39.379 mm to about 87.547 mm, such as from about 40.622 mm to about 85.046 mm, and / or such as about 41.452 mm to about 83.378 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 2 may have a radius size of at least 41.452 mm, such as at least 57.310 mm, such as at least 70.623 mm, such as at least 71.841 mm, such as at least 72.576 mm, such as at least 72.613 mm, such as at least 76.591 mm, and / or such as at least 83.378 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 2 may have a radius size of about 70.623 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 2 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 0.309° to about 0.794°, such as from about 0.326 to about 0.758°, such as from about 0.337 to about 0.736°, and / or such as from about 0.344° to about 0.721°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 2 may be less than 0.721°, such as less than 0.671°, such as less than 0.514°, such as less than 0.509°, such as less than 0.483°, such as less than 0.423°, such as less than 0.389°, and / or such as less than 0.344°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 2 may have a relative angle of about 0.671°.

[0094] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 3 may have a radius size from about 0.831 mm to about 1.572 mm, such as from about 0.877 mm to about 1.501 mm, such as from about 0.905 mm to about 1.458 mm, and / or such as about 0.924 mm to about 1.429 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 3 may have a radius size of at least 0.924 mm, such as at least 0.931 mm, such as at least 1.152 mm, such as at least 1.241 mm, such as at least 1.338 mm, such as at least 1.361 mm, such as at least 1.417 mm, and / or such as at least 1.429 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 3 may have a radius size of about 1.338 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 3 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 14.531° to about 22.248°, such as from about 15.338 to about 21.237°, such as from about 15.823 to about 20.630°, and / or such as from about 16.146° to about 20.225°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 3 may be less than 20.225°, such as less than 20.057°, such as less than 19.072°, such as less than 18.711°, such as less than 18.609°, such as less than 17.401°, such as less than 16.793°, and / or such as less than 16.146°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 3 may have a relative angle of about 18.609°.

[0095] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 4 may have a radius size from about 17.631 mm to about 32.147 mm, such as from about 18.610 mm to about 30.686 mm, such as from about 19.198 mm to about 29.809 mm, and / or such as about 19.590 mm to about 29.224 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 4 may have a radius size of at least 19.590 mm, such as at least 23.922 mm, such as at least 24.306 mm, such as at least 26.240 mm, such as at least 26.613 mm, such as at least 27.765 mm, such as at least 28.903 mm, and / or such as at least 29.224 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 4 may have a radius size of about 23.922 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 4 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 1.548° to about 2.880°, such as from about 1.634 to about 2.749°, such as from about 1.686 to about 2.671°, and / or such as from about 1.721° to about 2.618°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 4 may be less than 2.618°, such as less than 2.599°, such as less than 2.578°, such as less than 2.091°, such as less than 2.054°, such as less than 1.963°, such as less than 1.852°, and / or such as less than 1.721°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 4 may have a relative angle of about 1.963°.

[0096] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 5 may have a radius size from about 0.283 mm to about 0.605 mm, such as from about 0.299 mm to about 0.578 mm, such as from about 0.308 mm to about 0.561 mm, and / or such as about 0.315 mm to about 0.550 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 5 may have a radius size of at least 0.315 mm, such as at least 0.350 mm, such as at least 0.370 mm, such as at least 0.400 mm, such as at least 0.440 mm, such as at least 0.450 mm, such as at least 0.500 mm, and / or such as at least 0.550 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 5 may have a radius size of about 0.440 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 5 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -97.399° to about -91.414°, such as from about -102.810 to about -87.259°, such as from about -106.057 to about -84.766°, and / or such as from about -108.222° to about -83.103°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 5 may be less than -83.103°, such as less than -84.237°, such as less than -85.124°, such as less than -85.971°, such as less than -86.058°, such as less than -86.725°, such as less than -91.814°, and / or such as less than -108.222°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 5 may have a relative angle of about -86.725°.

[0097] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 6 may have a radius size from about 0.283 mm to about 0.605 mm, such as from about 0.299 mm to about 0.578 mm, such as from about 0.308 mm to about 0.561 mm, and / or such as about 0.315 mm to about 0.550 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 6 may have a radius size of at least 0.315 mm, such as at least 0.350 mm, such as at least 0.370 mm, such as at least 0.400 mm, such as at least 0.440 mm, such as at least 0.450 mm, such as at least 0.500 mm, and / or such as at least 0.550 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 6 may have a radius size of about 0.440 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 6 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -76.559° to about -62.083°, such as from about -80.812 to about -59.261°, such as from about -83.364 to about -57.568°, and / or such as from about -85.066° to about -56.439°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 6 may be less than -56.439°, such as less than -73.936°, such as less than -79.153°, such as less than -81.207°, such as less than -81.733°, such as less than -82.024°, such as less than -83.857°, and / or such as less than -85.066°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 6 may have a relative angle of about -82.024°.

[0098] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 7 may have a radius size from about 150.702 mm to about 256.967 mm, such as from about 159.074 mm to about 245.287 mm, such as from about 164.098 mm to about 238.279 mm, and / or such as about 167.447 mm to about 233.606 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 7 may have a radius size of at least 167.447 mm, such as at least 192.088 mm, such as at least 215.789 mm, such as at least 218.636 mm, such as at least 223.674 mm, such as at least 225.361 mm, such as at least 225.613 mm, and / or such as at least 233.606 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 7 may have a radius size of about 223.674 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 7 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 0.172° to about 0.393°, such as from about 0.182 to about 0.375°, such as from about 0.188 to about 0.365°, and / or such as from about 0.192° to about 0.357°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 7 may be less than 0.357°, such as less than 0.268°, such as less than 0.265°, such as less than 0.252°, such as less than 0.251°, such as less than 0.250°, such as less than 0.215°, and / or such as less than 0.192°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 7 may have a relative angle of about 0.192°.

[0099] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 8 may have a radius size from about 1.803 mm to about 3.656 mm, such as from about 1.903 mm to about 3.490 mm, such as from about 1.963 mm to about 3.390 mm, and / or such as about 2.004 mm to about 3.323 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 8 may have a radius size of at least 2.004 mm, such as at least 2.603 mm, such as at least 2.606 mm, such as at least 2.790 mm, such as at least 2.967 mm, such as at least 3.127 mm, such as at least 3.306 mm, and / or such as at least 3.323 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 8 may have a radius size of about 2.790 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 8 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 41.517° to about 58.799°, such as from about 43.824 to about 56.126°, such as from about 45.208 to about 54.523°, and / or such as from about 46.131° to about 53.453°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 8 may be less than 53.453°, such as less than 53.082°, such as less than 52.045°, such as less than 51.075°, such as less than 50.933°, such as less than 47.644°, such as less than 47.613°, and / or such as less than 46.131°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 8 may have a relative angle of about 53.082°.

[0100] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 9 may have a radius size from about 5.135 mm to about 6.947 mm, such as from about 5.420 mm to about 6.631 mm, such as from about 5.591 mm to about 6.442 mm, and / or such as about 5.706 mm to about 6.315 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 9 may have a radius size of at least 5.706 mm, such as at least 5.745 mm, such as at least 5.876 mm, such as at least 5.883 mm, such as at least 5.990 mm, such as at least 6.038 mm, such as at least 6.051 mm, and / or such as at least 6.315 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 9 may have a radius size of about 6.051 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 9 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about -33.244° to about -38.256°, such as from about -35.091 to about -36.517°, such as from about -36.199 to about -35.474°, and / or such as from about -36.938° to about -34.778°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 9 may be less than -34.778°, such as less than -35.215°, such as less than -35.551°, such as less than -35.596°, such as less than -35.702°, such as less than -35.772°, such as less than -36.495°, and / or such as less than -36.938°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 9 may have a relative angle of about -35.215°.

[0101] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 10 may have a radius size from about 1.548 mm to about 3.578 mm, such as from about 1.634 mm to about 3.415 mm, such as from about 1.685 mm to about 3.318 mm, and / or such as about 1.720 mm to about 3.252 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 10 may have a radius size of at least 1.720 mm, such as at least 1.966 mm, such as at least 1.977 mm, such as at least 2.461 mm, such as at least 2.633 mm, such as at least 2.637 mm, such as at least 2.893 mm, and / or such as at least 3.252 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 10 may have a radius size of about 1.720 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 10 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 8.235° to about 13.860°, such as from about 8.692 to about 13.230°, such as from about 8.967 to about 12.852°, and / or such as from about 9.150° to about 12.600°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 10 may be less than 12.600°, such as less than 11.188°, such as less than 10.436°, such as less than 10.207°, such as less than 10.170°, such as less than 9.330°, such as less than 9.292°, and / or such as less than 9.150°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 10 may have a relative angle of about 9.330°.

[0102] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 11 may have a radius size from about 1.693 mm to about 2.071 mm, such as from about 1.787 mm to about 1.977 mm, such as from about 1.844 mm to about 1.920 mm, and / or such as about 1.882 mm to about 1.882 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 11 may have a radius size of at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, such as at least 1.882 mm, and / or such as at least 1.882 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 11 may have a radius size of about 1.882 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 11 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 40.284° to about 53.429°, such as from about 42.522 to about 51.000°, such as from about 43.865 to about 49.543°, and / or such as from about 44.761° to about 48.571°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 11 may be less than 48.571°, such as less than 48.136°, such as less than 47.770°, such as less than 47.757°, such as less than 46.980°, such as less than 46.926°, such as less than 46.464°, and / or such as less than 44.761°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 11 may have a relative angle of about 48.571°.

[0103] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 12 may have a radius size from about 5.100 mm to about 6.234 mm, such as from about 5.383 mm to about 5.951 mm, such as from about 5.553 mm to about 5.781 mm, and / or such as about 5.667 mm to about 5.667 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 12 may have a radius size of at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, such as at least 5.667 mm, and / or such as at least 5.667 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 12 may have a radius size of about 5.667 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 12 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 17.702° to about 21.636°, such as from about 18.685 to about 20.653°, such as from about 19.275 to about 20.063°, and / or such as from about 19.669° to about 19.669°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 12 may be less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, such as less than 19.669°, and / or such as less than 19.669°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 12 may have a relative angle of about 19.669°.

[0104] In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 13 may have a radius size from about 0.779 mm to about 0.953 mm, such as from about 0.822 mm to about 0.910 mm, such as from about 0.848 mm to about 0.884 mm, and / or such as about 0.866 mm to about 0.866 mm. In certain embodiments, arc segment 13 may have a radius size of at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, such as at least 0.866 mm, and / or such as at least 0.866 mm. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 13 may have a radius size of about 0.866 mm. In various embodiments, within manufacturing tolerances, arc segment 13 may have a relative angle (or change in normal vector orientation) from about 70.171° to about 85.765°, such as from about 74.069 to about 81.867°, such as from about 76.408 to about 79.528°, and / or such as from about 77.968° to about 77.968°. In some embodiments, the relative angle of arc segment 13 may be less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, such as less than 77.968°, and / or such as less than 77.968°. In one non-limiting example, arc segment 13 may have a relative angle of about 77.968°.

[0105] Optionally, in certain embodiments, the crown 117 of the can end (e.g., defined by arc segments 11-13) may be generally unchanging, and the arc segments defining the inner wall, countersink, and chuckwall (e.g., arc segments 1-10) may be controlled to provide can ends with improved buckle strength and / or performance. In other embodiments, the arc segments defining the crown 117 may be varied as desired.

[0106] In one non-limiting example, a can end 1201 having the countersink radius 1242 from about 0.290 mm to about 0.650 mm, the panel height 1235 from about 2.000 mm to about 3.200 mm, and the total height 1237 from about 5.524 mm to about 8.286 mm (and optionally the inner profde offset 1233 from about 5.302 mm to about 8.231 mm and / or optionally the panel radius 1232 from about 20.300 mm to about 20.500 mm) may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs. As another non-limiting example, a can end 1201 having the countersink radius 1242 from about 0.315 mm to about 0.550 mm, the panel height 1235 from about 2.459 mm to about 2.670 mm, and the total height 1237 from about 7.054 mm to about 7.176 mm (and optionally the inner profile offset 1233 from about 5.891 mm to about 7.054 mm and / or optionally the panel radius 1232 from about 20.351 mm to about 20.408 mm) may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs. In a further non-limiting example, a can end 120 having the countersink radius 1242 of about 0.440 mm, the panel height 1235 of about 2.670 mm, and the total height 1237 of 7.054 mm (and optionally the inner profile offset 1233 of about 5.891 mm and / or optionally the panel radius 1232 of about 20.351 mm) may have improved performance compared to traditional can end designs.

[0107] Can ends with the aforementioned arc segments and / or dimensions (e.g., countersink radius 1242, panel radius 1232, inner profile offset 1233, panel height 1235, and / or total height 1237) may be improved can ends optimizing metal exposure resistance, buckle strength, clam shell failure mode, and / or mass compared to traditional can ends. In certain embodiments, the can ends may have improved buckle strength, thereby allowing for materials with high recycling content and / or lower strength, such as but not limited to a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, to be utilized in place of traditional materials used for can ends (e.g., 5xxx series aluminum alloys). As one nonlimiting example, the can ends described herein may utilize AA3104 as the material for the can end. Additionally, or alternatively, the can ends described herein have improved buckle strength, thereby allowing for a thinner gauge material to be utilized for the can end, such as but not limited to a high-strength, low-recycling aluminum alloy such as a 5xxx series aluminum alloy. As one non-limiting example, the can ends described herein may utilize a thinner gauge of AA5182 as the material for the can end compared to traditional can ends such as but not limited to the B64 type can end and the CDL type can end. Various other benefits and advantages may be realized with the systems and methods described herein, and the aforementioned benefits and advantages should not be considered limiting. Processes

[0108] In FIG. 2, a flowchart illustrating a process 200 is shown, according to various embodiments. Various blocks of the process 200 may relate to features shown in other figures herein, however, additional, or alternative components may be used with the process.

[0109] The process 200 at block 202 can include providing a parameterized representation of a can end 101. Any suitable form of parameterized representation may be utilized. Examples may include a series of arc segments connected end to end (e g., as described with respect to FIG. 3), splines, mathematical functions connecting with 1st order continuity, or any other representation having parameters where values may be modified to obtain different can end profiles. Generally, any number of segments may be utilized, from one upwards.

[0110] The process 200 at block 204 can include generating a set of can end profiles having differing parameter values. The set of can end profiles generated at block 204 may be produced based on the parameterized representation provided at block 202. For example, different values for the parameters may be input and provide an output that includes different can end profiles that can be aggregated or collected into a suitable set. Examples of different parameters that may be modified may include arc segment length, covered angle or included angle, change in normal vector orientation, or other indicators of orientation and / or magnitude, arc segment radius, parameters of a mathematical function, or other parameters. Combinations of different values to be input for the parameters may be supplied by a machine learning algorithm or other suitable generation technique.

[0111] The process 200 at block 206 can include evaluating the set of can end profiles according to specified criteria. The specified criteria can be applied to the set of can end profiles generated at block 204, for example. The specified criteria can relate to factors such as a buckle pressure, mass, a strength or other material property, an alloy type, a gauge or thickness, maximum material stress or strain, bending radius, or other factors related to the evaluated can end profile. Some factors may be evaluated with other factors assumed or given. For example, a buckle pressure and / or a mass may be evaluated or calculated based on a given alloy, gauge, and / or geometry of an evaluated can end profile. As another example, one or more suitable alloy options may be determined based on a given buckle pressure, mass, gauge, and / or geometry of an evaluated can end profile.

[0112] The process 200 at block 208 can include selecting a can end profde from the set based on performance relative to the criteria. The selection may be based at least in part on the evaluation from block 206. For example, a particular can end profile may be selected based on exhibiting a buckle pressure over a specific threshold amount, exhibiting a mass under a certain threshold amount, smallest bending radius over a certain amount, maximum material strain under a certain amount, and / or meeting, exceeding, or falling under other set thresholds for other criteria (e.g., with a particular gauge and / or alloy employed).

[0113] The process 200 at block 210 can include forming a can end with the selected can end profile. For example, a can end may be formed with the profile selected at block 208. The can end may be formed utilizing a can end forming system, for example.

[0114] In FIG. 3, a flowchart illustrating a process 300 is shown, according to various embodiments. Various blocks of the process 300 may relate to features shown in other figures herein, however, additional or alternative components may be used with the process. The process 300 may correspond to a parameterized and / or more specific implementation of the process 200.

[0115] The process 300 at block 302 can include providing a parameterized representation of a can end 101. The parameterized representation may correspond to a series of arc segments connected end to end.

[0116] The process 300 at block 304 can include generating a set of can end profiles. The set of can end profiles generated at block 304 may be produced based on the parameterized representation provided at block 302. The set may include profiles that differ from one another. The profiles may have different series of arc segments that differ in a combination of arc segment length (or arc segment included angle) and radius. As one example, two different profiles in the set may include a total of 14 arc segments but may differ from one another in terms of the relative size, length, and / or orientation of at least some of those 14 arc segments. Some profiles in the set generated at block 304 may have different numbers of arc segments from one another. For example, differing profiles may include two, three, four, five, six, seven, eight, nine, ten, eleven, twelve, thirteen, fourteen, or more arc segments. Profiles may include more, fewer, or equal number of arc segments compared to other profiles.

[0117] The process 300 at block 306 can include evaluating the set of can end profiles according to buckle pressure and mass criteria. The specified criteria can be applied to the set of can end profiles generated at block 304, for example. For example, the different can end profiles in the set can be evaluated to determine a buckle pressure and an amount of mass that would be exhibited in a can end profile implemented with a particular alloy and / or a particular gauge.

[0118] The process 300 at block 308 can include selecting a can end profile from the set based on performance relative to buckle pressure and mass criteria. The selection may be based at least in part on the evaluation from block 306. For example, a can end profile may be selected that exhibits a buckle pressure over 90 pounds per square inch (psi) and a mass under 2.2 grams (e.g., which may correspond to industry expectations for can ends 101). A profile may be selected at block 308 based on the evaluation at block 306 indicating that the evaluated profile is suitable for meeting the criteria when implementing with a 3xxx series aluminum alloy, such as but not limited to AA3104, with a higher recycled content than a 5xxx series aluminum alloy such as but not limited to AA5182 that is prevalently used in can ends. Additionally, or alternatively, a profile may be selected at block 308 based on the evaluation at block 306 indicating that the evaluated profile is suitable for meeting the criteria when implementing with a 5xxx series aluminum alloy or other selected aluminum alloy.

[0119] The process 300 at block 310 can include forming a can end with the selected can end profile. For example, a can end can be formed with the profile selected at block 308. The can end may be formed utilizing a can end forming system, for example.

[0120] FIG. 5 is a chart illustrating an example output 500 of an evaluation. The evaluation may correspond to action performed at block 206 of process 200 and / or block 306 of process 300. For example, the parameterized representation of the can end 401 discussed with respect to FIG. 4 may be provided at block 202 of process 200 and / or block 302 of process 300, and varying values may be input to generate a set of can end profiles in accordance with block 204 of process 200 and / or block 304 of process 300. The set of can end profiles may be evaluated in accordance with block 206 of process 200 and / or block 306 of process 300, and the evaluation may provide the output 500. The evaluation may be performed according to buckle pressure and mass criteria according to some embodiments.

[0121] The output 500 represents a chart with simulation results relative to a set of generated can end profiles. The set of generated profiles were subjected to simulations to indicate buckle pressure and mass of each can end profile, and these results were plotted on the chart along an X-axis representing mass values (in grams) and along a Y-axis representing buckle pressure (in pounds per square inch or PSI). As indicated by key 502, points may represent profiles that were generated with randomly assigned values within the parameterized representation of the can end 401 in some instances, or in other instances may represent profiles that were generated with values assigned by a machine learning algorithm. Some methods of generating different sets of parameters may include "latin-hypercube", "Monte-Carlo" (i.e., random), or a suitable machine learning algorithm, such as gradient boosting or Bayesian optimization. A Pareto front represented by a line 504 was established to identify profiles of interest. A reference value 510 was plotted for comparison and represented values for a commercially available can end. An example selection 512 is shown, representing a profile selected based on favorable characteristics with respect to mass and buckle pressure. The example selection 512 may correspond to a selection in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300, for example, which may be suitable for forming a can end with the selected can end profile in accordance with block 208 of process 200 and / or block 308 of process 300. System for Can End Production

[0122] FIG. 11 is a simplified schematic diagram that illustrates examples of control aspects of systems that may be implemented for production of can ends according to various examples. A controller 802 can communicate information and / or instructions associated with a system 800, such as may be utilized for performance of one or more actions described herein. The controller 802 can be communicatively coupled to a user interface 808, a can end forming system 810, a can end measuring system 814, and / or other associated elements. The controller 802 can communicate via a wired or wireless connection, and the controller 802 can include memory 804 and a processor 806. The memory 804 and the processor 806 can be included in a single structure. However, the memory 804 and processor 806 may be part of a system of multiple interconnected devices.

[0123] The memory 804 can include any type of memory device that retains stored information when powered off. The memory 804 can be or include electrically erasable and programmable read-only memory (“EEPROM”), flash memory, or any other type of non-volatile memory. In some examples, at least part of the memory 804 can include a medium from which the processor 806 can read instructions. A non-transitory computer-readable medium can include electronic, optical, magnetic, or other storage devices capable of providing the processor 806 with computer-readable instructions or other program code. Non-limiting examples of a computer-readable medium include (but are not limited to) magnetic disk(s), memory chip(s), ROM, random-access memory (“RAM”), an ASIC, a configured processor, optical storage, or any other medium from which a computer processor can read instructions. The instructions can include processor-specific instructions generated by a compiler or an interpreter from code written in any suitable computerprogramming language, including, for example, C, C++, C#, etc.

[0124] The processor 806 can execute instructions stored in the memory 804 to perform operations, for example, operations denoted with respect to process 200 and / or 300 and / or receiving input from and / or outputting to the user interface 808, the can end forming system 810, and / or the can end measuring system 814, and / or controlling operation of related components. The processor 806 can include one processing device or multiple processing devices. Non-limiting examples of the processor 806 include a Field-Programmable Gate Array (“FPGA”), an application-specific integrated circuit (“ASIC”), a microprocessor, etc.

[0125] The controller 802 may communicate with, or otherwise control, the various components of the system 800. In one example, the controller 802 may interact with the user interface 808 to receive input parameters to be utilized and / or to present results of evaluations or other analysis. In another example, the controller 802 can control an actuator 812 of the can end forming system 810 to cause the can end forming system 810 to form a can end, such as in accordance with block 210 of process 200 and / or block 310 of process 300. The actuator 812 can be coupled with and / or include suitable punches, ironing devices, forms, or other tools, for example. In a further example, the controller 802 may interface with a sensor 816 of the can end measuring system 814 to receive input suitable to determine if a can end measured by the sensor 816 conforms to a profile implemented in accordance with the process 200 and / or the process 300. Non-limiting examples of suitable sensors 816 may include laser-based sensors, cameras or other optical sensors (e.g., which may provide information that may be subjected to image recognition algorithms), formfollowing probes, or other tools. Illustrative Aspects

[0126] A collection of exemplary aspects of embodiments is provided below, including at least some explicitly enumerated as an “aspect” providing additional description of a variety of example embodiments in accordance with the concepts described herein. These aspects are not meant to be mutually exclusive, exhaustive, or restrictive; and the disclosure not limited to these example aspects but rather encompasses all possible modifications and variations within the scope of the issued claims and their equivalents. In some aspects, a device, a system, or a method is provided according to one or more of the following illustrative aspects or according to some combination of the elements thereof. In some aspects, features of a device or a system described in one or more of these aspects can be utilized within a method described in one of the other aspects, or vice versa.

[0127] Aspect 1. A can end (and which may include any features of any other subsequent aspects individually or in combination) comprising: a center panel; and an annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end, wherein the annular profiled portion comprises an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown, wherein a panel height of the center panel is at least 2.000 mm, wherein a total height of the profiled portion is at least 5.524 mm, wherein an inner profile offset of the profiled portion is at least 5.302 mm, and wherein a countersink radius of the countersink is at least 0.290 mm.

[0128] Aspect 2. The can end of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein a panel radius of the center panel is at least 20.300 mm.

[0129] Aspect 3. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel radius is from 20.300 mm to 20.500 mm.

[0130] Aspect 4. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel radius is from 20.351 mm to 20.408 mm.

[0131] Aspect 5. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the countersink radius is from 0.290 mm to 0.650 mm.

[0132] Aspect 6. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the countersink radius is from 0.315 mm to 0.550 mm.

[0133] Aspect 7.    The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel height is from 2.000 mm to 3.200 mm.

[0134] Aspect 8. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel height is from 2.459 mm to 2.670 mm.

[0135] Aspect 9. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the total height is from 5.524 mm to 8.286 mm.

[0136] Aspect 10. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the total height is from 7.054 mm to 7.176mm.

[0137] Aspect 11. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects 1-10, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.302 mm to 8.231 mm.

[0138] Aspect 12. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects 1-11, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.891 mm to 7.483 mm.

[0139] Aspect 13. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel radius is from 20.351 mm to 20.408 mm, wherein the panel height is from 2.459 mm to 2.670 mm, wherein the total height is from 7.054 mm to 7.176 mm, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.891 mm to 7.483 mm, and wherein the countersink radius is from 0.315 mm to 0.550 mm.

[0140] Aspect 14. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel height is a distance from a lower end of the can end to the panel, wherein the total height is a distance from the lower end of the can end to an upper end of the panel, wherein the inner panel offset is a distance between a countersink transition point of the countersink and a center of an arc segment of an inner wall of the crown, and wherein the countersink radius of the countersink is a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink.

[0141] Aspect 15. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein the panel radius is a distance between a center of the center panel and a panel edge.

[0142] Aspect 16. A can end (and which may include any features of any other subsequent aspects individually or in combination) comprising: a center panel; and an annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end, wherein the annular profiled portion comprises an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown, wherein a countersink radius is a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink, and wherein the countersink radius is from 0.290 mm to 0.650 mm.

[0143] Aspect 17. The can end of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein a panel height of the can end is a vertical distance from a lower end of the can end to the center panel, and wherein the panel height of the center panel is from 2.000 mm to 3.200 mm.

[0144] Aspect 18. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein a total height of the can end is a vertical distance from a lower end of the can end to an upper end of the can end, and wherein the total height of the can end is from 5.524 mm to 8.286 mm.

[0145] Aspect 19. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein a inner profile offset is a distance between a countersink transition point of the countersink and a center of an arc segment of an inner wall of the crown wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.302 mm to 8.231 mm.

[0146] Aspect 20. The can end of any of any preceding or subsequent aspect or combination of aspects, wherein a panel radius is a distance between a center of the center panel and a panel edge, and wherein the panel radius is from 20.300 mm to 20.500 mm.

[0147] As used herein, the terms “invention,” “the invention,” “this invention,” and “the present invention” are intended to refer broadly to all of the subject matter of this patent application and the claims below. Statements containing these terms should be understood not to limit the subject matter described herein or to limit the meaning or scope of the patent claims below.

[0148] In this description, reference is made to alloys identified by AA numbers and other related designations, such as “series” or “5xxx.” For an understanding of the number designation system most commonly used in naming and identifying aluminum and its alloys, see “International Alloy Designations and Chemical Composition Limits for Wrought Aluminum and Wrought Aluminum Alloys” or “Registration Record of Aluminum Association Alloy Designations and Chemical Compositions Limits for Aluminum Alloys in the Form of Castings and Ingot,” both published by The Aluminum Association.

[0149] As used herein, the meaning of “a,” “an,” and “the” includes singular and plural references unless the context clearly dictates otherwise.

[0150] Moreover, unless expressly stated otherwise, reference in the description to the can end (or portions thereof) being an arc segment and / or having a radius or radius of curvature includes segments that are straight lines. Stated differently, unless expressly stated otherwise, an arc segment of the can ends described herein may have a radius of curvature of zero (0).

[0151] The subject matter of embodiments of the present disclosure is described here with specificity to meet statutory requirements, but this description is not necessarily intended to limit the scope of the claims. The claimed subject matter may be embodied in other ways, may include different elements or steps, and may be used in conjunction with other existing or future technologies. This description should not be interpreted as implying any particular order or arrangement among or between various steps or elements except when the order of individual steps or arrangement of elements is explicitly described. Directional references such as “up,” “down,” “top,” “bottom,” “left,” “right,” “vertical,” “horizontal,” “lateral,” “longitudinal,” “front,” and “back,” among others, are intended to refer to the orientation as illustrated and described in the figure (or figures) to which the components and directions are referencing.

[0152] The terms “comprising,” “having,” “including,” and “containing” are to be construed as open-ended terms (i.e., meaning “including, but not limited to,”) unless otherwise noted. All methods described herein can be performed in any suitable order unless otherwise indicated herein or otherwise clearly contradicted by context. The use of any and all examples, or exemplary language (e.g., “such as”) provided herein, is intended merely to better illuminate embodiments of the invention, and does not pose a limitation on the scope of the invention unless otherwise claimed. No language in the specification should be construed as indicating any non-claimed element as essential to the practice of the invention.

[0153] The above-described aspects are merely possible examples of implementations, merely set forth for a clear understanding of the principles of the present disclosure. Many variations and modifications can be made to the above-described embodiment(s) without departing substantially from the spirit and principles of the present disclosure. All such modifications and variations are intended to be included herein within the scope of the present disclosure, and all possible claims to individual aspects or combinations of elements or steps are intended to be supported by the present disclosure. Moreover, although specific terms are employed herein, as well as in the claims that follow, they are used only in a generic and descriptive sense, and not for the purposes of limiting the described embodiments, nor the claims that follow.

Claims

That which is claimed:

1. A can end comprising:a center panel; andan annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end, wherein the annular profiled portion comprises an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown,wherein a panel height of the center panel is at least 2.000 mm,wherein a total height of the profiled portion is at least 5.524 mm,wherein an inner profile offset of the profiled portion is at least 5.302 mm, andwherein a countersink radius of the countersink is at least 0.290 mm.

2. The can end of claim 1, wherein a panel radius of the center panel is at least 20.300 mm.

3. The can end of any of claims 1-2, wherein the panel radius is from 20.300 mm to 20.500mm.

4. The can end of any of claims 1-3, wherein the panel radius is from 20.351 mm to 20.408 mm.

5. The can end of any of claims 1-4, wherein the countersink radius is from 0.290 mm to0.650 mm.

6. The can end of any of claims 1-5, wherein the countersink radius is from 0.315 mm to 0.550 mm.

7. The can end of any of claims 1-6, wherein the panel height is from 2.000 mm to 3.200 mm.

8. The can end of any of claims 1-7, wherein the panel height is from 2.459 mm to 2.670 mm.

9. The can end of any of claims 1-8, wherein the total height is from 5.524 mm to 8.286 mm.

10. The can end of any of claims 1-9, wherein the total height is from 7.054 mm to 7.176mm.

11. The can end of any of claim 1-10, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.302 mm to8.231 mm.

12. The can end of any of claim 1-11, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.891 mm to 7.483 mm.

13. The can end of any of claims 1-12, wherein the panel radius is from 20.351 mm to 20.408 mm, wherein the panel height is from 2.459 mm to 2.670 mm, wherein the total height is from 7.054 mm to 7.176 mm, wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.891 mm to 7.483 mm, and wherein the countersink radius is from 0.315 mm to 0.550 mm.

14. The can end of any of claims 1-13, wherein the panel height is a distance from a lower end of the can end to the panel, wherein the total height is a distance from the lower end of the can end to an upper end of the panel, wherein the inner panel offset is a distance between a countersink transition point of the countersink and a center of an arc segment of an inner wall of the crown, and wherein the countersink radius of the countersink is a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink.

15. The can end of any of claims 1-15, wherein the panel radius is a distance between a center of the center panel and a panel edge.

16. A can end comprising:a center panel; andan annular profiled portion defining an edge of the can end, wherein the annular profiled portion comprises an inner wall, a countersink, a chuckwall, and a crown,wherein a countersink radius is a radius of an arc segment present at a lower end or inflection point of the countersink, andwherein the countersink radius is from 0.290 mm to 0.650 mm.

17. The can end of claim 16, wherein a panel height of the can end is a vertical distance from a lower end of the can end to the center panel, and wherein the panel height of the center panel is from 2.000 mm to 3.200 mm.

18. The can end of any of claims 16-17, wherein a total height of the can end is a vertical distance from a lower end of the can end to an upper end of the can end, and wherein the total height of the can end is from 5.524 mm to 8.286 mm.

19. The can end of any of claims 16-18, wherein a inner profile offset is a distance between a countersink transition point of the countersink and a center of an arc segment of an inner wall of the crown wherein the inner profile offset is from 5.302 mm to 8.231 mm.

20. The can end of any of claims 16-19, wherein a panel radius is a distance between a center of the center panel and a panel edge, and wherein the panel radius is from 20.300 mm to 20.500 mm.

Images