Sealed triple-function modular capsule for high-capacity floating renewable energy and functional systems

Abstract

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Description

BACKGROUND OF THE INVENTION

[0001] Conventional maritime cooling for large-scale renewable energy systems and offshore electronics, such as regional Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), typically relies on Sequential Heat Accumulation. In these architectures, heat is collected from multiple sources into a shared manifold and transported through long routes to a centralized cooling unit. As systems scale toward high-capacity industrial requirements, this centralized topology presents severe risks involving mechanical complexity and energy inefficiency that degrade the overall performance of renewable energy infrastructures.

[0002] First, the extensive internal piping required for heat transport creates a significant "leak footprint" where a single failure can compromise the sensitive interior of the entire system. Second, these systems create a "Single Point of Failure" where the failure of a primary pump leads to the overheating of the entire high-capacity functional payload. In the context of green energy, these centralized systems are further disadvantaged by high parasitic pumping power, which consumes a significant portion of the generated electricity, and the requirement for heavy structural support to bear the weight of BESS payloads.

[0003] Furthermore, long heat transfer routes introduce high cumulative thermal resistance and significant thermal latency. As coolant travels through a manifoldbased system, it progressively accumulates energy, causing distal heat sources to be cooled less effectively. This creates thermal gradients that limit the stability of battery systems and processing hardware. There remains a critical need for a modular unit that eliminates these complexities by integrating housing, instantaneous heat rejection, and buoyancy into a single standardized capsule. SUMMARY OF THE INVENTION 2026202246   24 Mar 2026

[0004] The present invention provides a sealed capsule characterized by an integrated localized thermal interface that utilizes a short thermal path configuration to reject heat from high-capacity functional systems—including BESS and power conversion systems—directly to the surrounding water. By establishing an instantaneous thermal connection through the structural wall, the capsule eliminates the requirement for shared internal manifolds and long-route piping, significantly reducing the energy footprint of the cooling operation and increasing the net efficiency of the renewable infrastructure.

[0005] A primary feature of this invention is the "Triple-Function" configuration of the capsule, which fulfills the roles of housing, cooling, and buoyancy. The sealed internal void volume is calibrated to provide buoyant forces that support the weight of the capsule and its high-capacity payloads, such as battery modules. This is particularly advantageous for renewable energy systems, as it ensures that BESS modules are kept in a cool, stable state while exempting the primary floating structural system from bearing extreme mechanical loads, thereby enhancing the lifespan and safety of the installation.

[0006] The capsule architecture provides significant improvements in scalability and maintenance. By functioning as a self-contained thermal and structural cell, the system achieves linear scalability; adding more high-capacity modules simply requires adding more standardized capsules. Each capsule is functionally decoupled, ensuring that the failure of one unit has no impact on the performance of the rest of the network. This modularity facilitates mass production and allows units to be reopened and resealed for maintenance, providing a strategic advantage for high-performance industrial and green technology operations.

[0007] GENERAL DEFINITIONS

[0008] Physical Connections: As used herein, the terms ‘attached,’ ‘coupled,’ ‘secured,’ ‘mounted’ ‘bonded,’ ‘laminated,’ ‘embedded,’ ‘housed,’ ‘hung,’ 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 ‘supported’ refer to physical connections between two bodies, including both direct physical contact and indirect mechanical, electrical, or thermal connections via intermediate members (e.g., tethers, cables, brackets, struts, vibration dampeners, or interfaces). A component is considered 'attached to' a structure if it is supported by that structure, regardless of whether it touches the structure directly or is suspended via intervening elements. In the case of 'coupled,' the term may also refer to logical connections between two parts (e.g., software, algorithms, or models).

[0009] Gas: The term "gas" refers to any fluid substance used to pressurize the flexible vessel or provide buoyancy, including but not limited to air, helium, nitrogen, hydrogen, argon, or other inert gases. The term encompasses gases stored in compressed form, or generated via chemical reaction or sublimation of powders, and is selected based on the operational environment.

[0010] Functional module: As used herein, the term "functional module" refers to any distinct component, body, assembly, or functional subsystem supported by the structural chassis, distinct from said structural chassis itself. A functional module is defined by its operational utility or its kinetic independence, characterized by the following rules: (a) Functional Distinctness (integrated transport): A single physical assembly containing multiple subsystems performing distinct operational functions (e.g., a single physical unit comprising both a power generation system and a thermal management system; or a housing containing both an AI processing system and an energy storage system) constitutes a plurality of functional modules, provided that the structural chassis provides the motive force to transport, reshape, or support said single physical assembly; and (b) Kinetic Independence (discrete transport): Multiple physical bodies performing the identical function (e.g., two separate blocks of energy storage systems) constitute distinct functional modules if they are not rigidly secured to one another as a single structural unit and are configured to be deployed to, or supported at, spatially distinct operational positions by the structural chassis. This definition (functional modules) explicitly encompasses: (a) Structural Elements: Rigid, semi-rigid or flexible members such as beams, arms, trusses, frames, nets, structural panels, membranes, vessels, acting as active (e.g., actuators) or passive structural components or structures, configured to bear (distributed / concentrated) 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 mechanical loads and / or to deploy, move, position objects / bodies such as operational support devices; (b) active and passive, static and dynamic stabilization assemblies (used to hold a structural module / structural chassis at a designed position or orientation in an environment, such as floats, anchoring systems, balloons, propulsors and trackers—providing forces to dynamically / actively drive or move the system, maintaining it in dynamical stabilization); (c) operational hardware units: functional hardware (e.g., operable in multiple physics), such as hardware of processing systems, operational support devices, electronic or electrical devices, devices with chemical, electronic or physical reactions, physical / mechanical motions, sensor blocks, computer nodes, AI processing units, battery casings, generator housings, internet broadband interfaces, communication devices, distributed active bodies (e.g., flexible solar panels, concentrators, thermal radiators, discrete metalized bodies), discrete active bodies (e.g., sensors, cameras), mechanical machines; and (d) optional operational software units: used to operate the operational hardware units, structural elements, or stabilization assemblies (e.g., software of processing systems).

[0011] Discrete functional module: A discrete functional module is a functional module which refers to a spatially distributed component, assembly, or payload characterized by a concentrated mass and a defined volumetric envelope. A discrete module functions as a singular unit (or a cluster of units) that requires mechanical support at specific structural coordinates or hardpoints. Examples include, but are not limited to, battery energy storage systems (BESS), AI processing nodes, sensor blocks, and generator housings.

[0012] Distributed functional module: A distributed functional module is a functional module which refers to a component characterized by a high surface-area-to-volume ratio, configured to be unfurled, spread, tensioned, or conformed across a twodimensional or three-dimensional structural geometry. These modules define an active surface or skin and rely on the structural chassis for geometric definition and tensioning. Examples include, but are not limited to, flexible solar panels, flexible thermal radiators, reflective membranes, and structural nets. 2026202246   24 Mar 2026

[0013] Processing system: As used herein, the term refers to computational hardware architectures or a distributed computing node configured to execute logic, process data, or manage system operations, including but not limited to: processing units (CPUs, GPUs, QPUs), memory modules, quantum registers, high-bandwidth communication interfaces, computing systems, Integrated Data Infrastructures and AI systems, including high performance computing systems (HPCS); said systems being configured for local or remote data processing in multi-domain applications such as environmental monitoring, scientific research, and AI-driven grid management.

[0014] Operational system: As used herein, the term "operational system" refers to any individual component, integrated assembly, network, or collection of functional modules and subsystems configured to perform utility functions. This explicitly encompasses one or more of: (a) renewable energy systems (e.g., interconnected arrays of solar panels, wind turbines, wave energy converters); (b) integrated data infrastructures and AI systems (e.g., distributed computing nodes, server clusters, and AI-driven processing architectures); (c) energy storage systems (e.g., battery energy storage systems (BESS), thermal banks); (d) monitoring systems (e.g., networks of cameras and sensors); (e) operational support devices; (f) operatable mechanical systems or machines (e.g., cooling systems which can optionally have flexible / rigid thermal radiators) and (g) communication systems (e.g., signal transfer systems). The term implies that these components function individually or cooperatively to achieve a specific operational goal, whether autonomously or via external control. Such operations may include, without limitation: mechanical actuation or kinematic motion; transmission of data, power, or control signals; and the execution of software instructions, algorithms, or digital logic.

[0015] Operational support device: As used herein, the term "operational support device" refers to any device, component, auxiliary hardware, physical interface, or peripheral equipment, with or without software integrated, configured to facilitate, monitor, execute, or sustain the whole or any part of the active operations of a system. This definition explicitly includes any device that handles a specific portion of a process or functions as a constituent device of a larger system. This explicitly 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 encompasses: (a) Computing Infrastructure or processing systems: Hardware platforms such as servers, routers, data gateways, and control units configured to execute software systems, algorithms, or control logic; and (b) Auxiliary Subsystems: For example, devices required for system health and maintenance, including thermal management units (cooling systems), power conditioning equipment, power supply equipment, and diagnostic sensors necessary to support the continuous operation of the system.

[0016] Functional systems: As used herein, the term " functional system" refers to any system which is functional, including, but not limited to: a functional module, a processing system, an operational system, an operational support device (e.g., a solar energy system, a hovering wind energy system, a floating wind energy system, a wave energy system, a floating data centre, a cooling system, a signal transfer system), a functional masses or payloads (e.g., flywheels, machines) or deployable structure (e.g., pressurized, sealed, flexible vessels, wheel-like structural modules). A functional system can be slidably or fixedly, appropriately, operatively coupled (including wrapping tightly), secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by a structural system or its walls / structural components, directly or indirectly via structural supports.

[0017] Reinforcements, folds and deployments of vessels: As used herein, vessel can be rigid or flexible. A pressurized, sealed, flexible vessel can be further reinforced (besides pressurization) using at least one of the following: (a) In a configuration for a reinforced net-pneumatic vessel, a taut net, which can be used to resist tension forces in at least two planar directions, and can be slidably or fixedly, appropriately, operatively coupled (including wrapping tightly), secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by the wall of the flexible vessel, directly or indirectly via structural supports. Alternatively, the taut net can wrap around the outer surface of the vessel, allowing the taut net to hold the vessel in a designed shape while the taut net is tensioned under the pressurization of the vessel; and (b) In a configuration for a reinforced beam-pneumatic vessel, a beam, bar, or rod, which can resist bending and can be slidably or fixedly, appropriately, operatively coupled (including wrapping tightly), 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by the wall of the flexible vessel, directly or indirectly via structural supports, particularly along the longitudinal direction of the vessel. The beam, bar, or rod can be slidably coupled to the wall of the vessel, allowing each to be slidable relative to the other while the beam, bar, or rod supports and maintains the designed shape of the vessel. The beam, bar, or rod should be elastic and can be rigid (e.g., made of carbon steel) or deformable (e.g., made of Nitinol or fiber-reinforced plastics). This configuration allows the vessel to resist bending or buckling, particularly when the vessel is elongated and compressed along its longitudinal direction. To ensure long-term structural integrity and maintain internal pressure over extended operational durations, the wall of the flexible vessel may incorporate a low-permeability barrier layer. In certain embodiments, this barrier comprises a thin metallic film or specialized polymer laminate configured to significantly reduce gas diffusion, thereby preventing the depletion of pressurized gas through the vessel wall and ensuring the system remains in a stable, stowed, or extended state as required. In addition, the vessel can be folded (e.g., accordion configurations) and expanded or deployed by pressurizing with gas.

[0018] Net and taut net: The term "net" refers to a structural net, mesh, fabric, or lattice laid on a two-dimensional (flat) or three-dimensional (curved) surface, composed ofa plurality of tension members (e.g., ropes, cables, fibers, chains, wires, composite tapes, or woven threads). The tension members are arranged to define the surface geometry and are optionally secured together at their intersections, which form nodes. The term “taut net” refers to a tensioned net which is characterized by its capacity to be tensioned in at least two directions to carry structural loads and define a boundary or skin.

[0019] Flexible Member: As used herein, the term refers to any structural element capable of sustaining tensile loads but offering negligible resistance to compressive or bending forces. This explicitly includes, but is not limited to, ropes, cables, wires, chains, cords, straps, tapes, tendons, flexible membranes, net and reinforcement media composed of metallic, polymeric, or composite materials. 2026202246   24 Mar 2026

[0020] Flexible thermal radiator: A flexible thermal radiator can be 2-Dimensional or 3-Dimensional, sparse (e.g., a 2-Dimensional / 3-Dimensional thermal web) or dense (e.g. thermal blanket), occupying 2-dimensional surfaces or 3-dimensional volumes. A flexible thermal radiator can be composed of thermally conductive flexible materials.

[0021] Signal transfer system: As used herein, the term refers to any hardware assembly, surface, array, or interface configured to transmit, receive, relay, reflect, refract, diffract, modulate, or absorb signals or energy using varying physical principles. The signal transfer system may be deployable (capable of changing shape / size) or rigid (mounted to the platform without reconfiguration).

[0022] Bio-derived materials: Bio-derived materials can be used as structural components for structural systems. As used herein, the term refers to any materials, substances, or composites derived, in whole or in part, from renewable biological feedstocks—including but not limited to plant-based biomass, agricultural or forestry by-products, animal-derived matter, or microbial and fungal sources—as an alternative to fossil-fuel-based or purely synthetic constituents. This definition explicitly encompasses: (a) Bio-derived elastomers, which include any flexible, viscoelastic polymers or rubbers sourced from biological origins, such as natural rubber (Hevea brasiliensis), bio-polyurethane derived from vegetable oils (e.g., castor, soybean, or rapeseed oils), and terpene-based elastomers synthesized from biomass (e.g., myrcene or limonene), configured to provide the necessary elongation and airtightness for vessel walls; (b) Bio-derived resins, which include any bio-based thermosetting or thermoplastic polymers, such as furan resins derived from agricultural waste (e.g., corn cobs or bagasse), epoxies derived from lignin or plantbased glycerol, and glucose-based resins, used for bonding, laminating, or in situ rigidization of the structural components; and (c) Bio-based flame retardants and fillers, which include any biologically sourced additives or reinforcements used to enhance the mechanical or thermal properties of the structural systems, such as lignin-derived char-formers, phytic acid, starch-based additives, or mineral-biological hybrids, configured to meet fire protection and durability requirements. The term "bio-derived" is intended to be interpreted in its broadest sense, covering any 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 material that utilizes biological processes or renewable organic carbon in its molecular architecture. The bio-derived materials can be used to make or manufacture the entirety or any constituent part of the structural systems (structural chassis), structural modules, structures or structural components described herein, all of which may be collectively or individually referred to as "green". The viscoelastic characteristics of bio-derived materials facilitate load-adaptation, passive vibration damping, allowing the structural components or structural systems to be further deformed. For example, the wall of a flexible vessel can be made of natural rubbers while bio-derived resins can be used to rigidize the vessel, which has channels and / or void layers coupled, secured, attached, laminated, bonded to or embedded in the wall of the vessel, in which, the resin is introduced into the channels and / or the void layers then cured. To ensure long-term structural integrity and maintain internal pressure over extended operational durations, the wall of the flexible vessel may incorporate a low-permeability barrier layer. In certain embodiments, this barrier comprises a thin metallic film or specialized polymer laminate configured to significantly reduce gas diffusion, thereby preventing the depletion of pressurized gas through the vessel wall and ensuring the system remains in a stable, stowed, or extended state as required.

[0023] Heat sources: A functional system, which generate heat as a result of its operation, is a heat source (e.g., an electrical power conversion system such as an inverter converting a form of electricity to another, a generator (of a wave energy stem or a wind turbine, a transformer, a processing system and a computing system).

[0024] Structural system (structural module, structural chassis, capsule, platform): As used herein, a structural system (structural module, structural chassis, capsule) is a platform used to support payloads. The structural system can have one or more walls which can be structural or non-structural. A flexible floating structural system is a platform which allows to be deformed, utilized to adapt wave motions while the platform supports payloads (e.g., functional systems). The flexible floating structural system can be a floating flexible net or a plurality of flexible or rigid floating units interconnected together via rotational joints (e.g., hinge joints, pin joints, ball joints, universal joints) or tensioned flexible members (e.g., ropes, cables, chains, flexible 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 tensile nets). The flexible floating structural system can also be a flexible body such as a pressurized flexible vessel. Due to its characteristic of flexibility, the flexible floating structural system can be made of bio-derived materials.

[0025] Sparse Distribution / Sparsely Distributed: As used herein, the term refers to a spatial arrangement of discrete functional modules or independent cooling units where the distance between adjacent units is optimized to prevent Thermal Overlap. A distribution is considered "sparse" when it meets at least one of the following functional criteria: (a) Thermal Isolation: Each cooling unit is positioned such that the thermal plume (the volume of warmed water) created by its heat rejection does not significantly raise the ambient intake or contact temperature of an adjacent unit. (b) Ambient Baseline Maintenance: The units are spread across a surface area A such that the local heat flux q is low enough to allow the surrounding environmental water to act as a near-infinite heat sink, maintaining a fresh ambient baseline temperature at every interface point. (c) Geometric Decoupling: The spatial density of heat sources is lower than the heat-absorption capacity of the immediately adjacent contact surface area of the wall, ensuring that heat rejection is a localized "event" rather than a system-wide accumulation.

[0026] Surface-Area Impedance Matching: As used herein, the term refers to the structural and spatial configuration of the architecture where the Local Heat Flux Density (q) of a discrete heat source is calibrated to the Passive Dissipation Capacity of the specific contact surface area of a wall with which it interfaces. This matching is achieved by ensuring that: (a) Flux-to-Area Ratio: The total thermal output (Q) of a high-capacity functional system is spread across a sufficient wetted surface area (A) of the wall such that the heat transfer rate per unit area (q = Q / A) does not exceed the natural convective limits of the surrounding environmental water; (b) Thermal Resistance Balancing: The internal thermal resistance of the short thermal path conduction route is balanced against the external convective thermal resistance of the water body, ensuring that heat is "accepted" by the environment at the same rate it is "rejected" by the source; (c) Saturation Prevention: This impedance matching prevents "thermal saturation" of the local water boundary layer, maintaining the 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 temperature of the wall at a level substantially close to the ambient baseline temperature of the water body.

[0027] Centralized cooling system: As used herein, a "centralized cooling system" refers to a thermal management architecture characterized by Sequential Heat Accumulation. In this system, thermal energy is collected from a plurality of discrete heat sources into a shared coolant medium (e.g., a common manifold, trunk, or primary liquid loop) and subsequently transported through a long-route internal network to a singular, centralized cooling distribution unit (CDU) or a large-scale primary heat exchanger. This system is defined by its reliance on a singular heat rejection point in the environment, creating a high local heat flux density and a "Single Point of Failure" risk for the entire network of heat sources.

[0028] Distributed cooling system: As used herein, a "Distributed Cooling System" refers to an architecture characterized by Thermal Decentralization and Discrete Dissipation. While an individual unit (e.g., a cupboard or capsule) within the system may accumulate heat locally from its own internal components (e.g., a cupboard containing GPUs of an AI system), each unit is thermally and functionally insulated from the heat of adjacent units. The system utilizes a plurality of localized thermal interfaces to release heat into the environmental water at a plurality of spatially distant locations, ensuring the environmental water acts as a near-infinite heat sink that absorbs heat faster due to the low flux density at each independent, independent rejection point.

[0029] Centralized thermal interface: As used herein, a "centralized thermal interface" refers to a heat rejection interface where heat generated by a plurality of heat sources is accumulated and released at one place in the environment (e.g., air or water).

[0030] Distributed thermal interface: As used herein, a "distributed thermal interface" refers to a heat rejection interface where heat generated by a heat source is transported separately, without accumulating with heat generated by other heat sources, and released at one place in the environment (e.g., air or water).

[0031] Localized thermal interface: A localized thermal interface is a distributed thermal interface with its architecture to be characterized by the following structural 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 features and configurations: (a) The heat created by a heat source is transported through a structural or non-structural wall to an environment water in the other side of the wall; (b) Boundary-Limited Distance: The total distance heat must travel is restricted to substantially the thickness of the wall, plus any necessary localized interface materials or required thermal bridge or components; (c) Direct-coupled solid-state: A configuration where the functional system is positioned in such close proximity to the internal side of the wall—either through direct mechanical bonding to a plate (which may be the wall itself), thermal adhesives, or localized micro-loops— that the wall becomes the primary heat exchanger leading to a thermal rejection interface submerged in the environmental water; (d) Conduit-Integrated liquid-state: A configuration where the heat source is coupled to a localized system of pipes or thermal bridges that pass through the wall to the environmental water or an optional thermal rejection interface submerged in the environmental water. The pipes or thermal bridges convey heat from the heat sources, through the wall, to the environmental water. The pipes can contain a liquid conductors or water of the environmental water; (e) Elimination of Thermal Latency: By removing the requirement for long-route fluid transport, the system eliminates the time delay and energy degradation (thermal gain) typically associated with moving heat from a source to a distant central cooling unit; (f) Localized Heat Flux: Heat is treated as a localized event that is dissipated immediately through the nearest available surface area of the wall, ensuring that the internal environment remains at a stable, low temperature regardless of the total size of the floating infrastructure. Furthermore, the short thermal path is configured to utilize solid thermal conductors, liquid thermal conductors, or a combination thereof, which may be piped or circulated within the localized thermal interface to facilitate the transfer of heat from the heat source to the environmental water.

[0032] Short thermal path: A short thermal path is a path that heat is transported along it, through a distributed thermal interface or, particularly, a localized thermal interface, directly to the environmental water instead of being accumulated via a centralized cooling system. A plurality of short thermal paths form the topology of a distributed cooling system which rejects heat of a plurality of heat sources. Unlike 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 conventional cooling topologies that require heat to be collected and transported via an internal network of primary and secondary manifolds, as used herein, a "short thermal path" refers to cooling topologies that heat is transported through, from each heat source, separately with other heat sources, directly to the environmental water, along the short thermal path. A cooling unit is an independent cooling system dedicated to rejecting heat from a heat source to the environmental water, wherein the heat is transport through a distributed thermal interface. A distributed cooling system has a plurality of heat sources, of which each heat source has a separate cooling unit, forming a short thermal path, to transport heat from the heat source to the environmental water. The distributed cooling system has several advantages: less costs required for manufacturing, installation (e.g., simpler, shorter path), operations (e.g., less electricity required) and maintenances (e.g., less maintenance required, less failures).

[0033] Localized Thermal Flux: In accordance with the distributed nature of the system, heat is treated as a localized event rather than a centralized load. Each independent cooling unit is engineered to manage its own thermal output independently of the broader network. This ensures that the internal environment of the floating system remains at a stable, low temperature regardless of the total density of the functional systems. By dissipating heat through the nearest available surface area of the environmental water, the system prevents the formation of internal "hot spots" and reduces the mechanical stress associated with thermal expansion and contraction of the primary structural system. To further enhance this effect, the localized thermal interface may be configured as a short thermal path comprising solid thermal conductors, liquid thermal conductors, or a combination thereof. In high-density applications, these conductors are configured to be piped or circulated exclusively within the localized unit to accelerate thermal flux across the structural or non-structural wall to the environmental thermal rejection interface without requiring a centralized manifold.

[0034] Water sink: As used herein, the term "water sink" refers to any component, assembly, or localized region of a cooling system specifically configured to discharge thermal energy into a surrounding body of environmental water. The water sink may 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 be an active or passive radiator, a heat exchanger, or a dedicated thermal dissipation module. The geometry of a water sink may include, but is not limited to, plates, fins, coils, or modular capsules, and may be constructed from high-thermal-conductivity metals, alloys, or thermally-conductive polymers. A water sink is a specific embodiment of a thermal rejection interface.

[0035] Thermal rejection interface: As used herein, the term "thermal rejection interface" refers to the physical boundary or contact surface through which heat is transferred from the cooling system to the environmental water. This term is intended to be interpreted in its broadest sense and encompasses any surface area involved in heat exchange, including: (a) dedicated heat-exchange components such as water sinks or radiators; (b) a network of submerged pipes, conduits, or liquid-carrying tubes; (c) the structural walls, hull, or exterior chassis of the structural system itself; and (d) solid-state thermal bridges or conductive elements that extend into the aquatic environment. The thermal rejection interface may be a rigid surface, a flexible membrane, or a series of distributed conductive surfaces configured to maintain a thermal gradient between an internal heat source and the surrounding environmental water. The interface is characterized by its dynamic interaction with the surrounding fluid medium, wherein relative motion is utilized to disrupt the stagnant thermal boundary layer to enhance convective heat transfer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE INVENTION

[0036] Localized Active Cooling: As used herein, the term refers to any mechanical or electrical means—such as micro-pumps, fans, blowers, or thermoelectric coolers (e.g., Peltier devices)—configured to provide a motive force for heat transfer. A localized active cooling component is characterized by its integration within a discrete functional module or an independent cooling unit, such that its operational influence and fluid circulation (if any) are restricted to that specific cell and are not shared with adjacent cooling units via a centralized manifold. 2026202246   24 Mar 2026

[0037] The Integrated Structural Thermal Chassis as a localized thermal interface: The present invention provides a structural chassis configured as a high-efficiency, zeromanifold heat rejection interface. In this embodiment, the structural chassis serves a dual-purpose role: (a) providing mechanical support for the load of a functional system; and (b) functioning as an integrated localized thermal interface between a heat-generating source and a surrounding liquid body. The structural chassis comprises a wall that establishes a protective boundary for the functional systems. This configuration utilizes the structural fabric of the system itself as the primary cooling unit, functioning simultaneously as an internal heat sink and an external thermal rejection interface. This architecture further supports short thermal path configurations implemented via either a solid-state short thermal path (minimizing thermal path length L via direct conduction) or integrated liquid pipes. Said localized thermal interfaces may be passive, active, or a hybrid thereof, wherein localized active components may be utilized to accelerate thermal flux from high-density payloads across the wall to a plurality of spatially distant locations in the environmental water.

[0038] Through-Wall Conduction and Hybrid Mechanics: The present invention prioritizes through-wall conduction as the primary mode of heat rejection. By utilizing a wall as a distributed or localized thermal interfaces, the system achieves a high coefficient of heat transfer due to the constant presence of the surrounding environmental water, which acts as an infinite heat sink. This through-wall mechanism is implemented through high-conductivity thermal interface materials (TIMs) and mechanical fasteners that ensure a zero-gap connection between the heat-generating source and the internal surface of the wall. Alternatively, the distributed or localized thermal interfaces can be used as a part of the wall. This configuration supports a variety of short thermal path implementations, including the use of solid thermal conductors (such as metallic plates or heat spreaders) or liquid thermal conductors. In hybrid embodiments, these liquid conductors may be piped or circulated through the distributed or localized thermal interfaces that contact or pass through the wall, ensuring that heat is rejected to a plurality of spatially distant locations. This modular approach allows the wall to function as a unified structural 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 and thermal member, providing both the housing for functional systems and the primary medium for environmental heat rejection.

[0039] Adaptive Sealing and Protection Architectures: The structural chassis is configured to ensure the long-term operational integrity of the functional systems. In a preferred embodiment, the chassis is a sealed vessel where the wall acts as both the structural shell or skin and the primary thermal interface. However, the invention also encompasses configurations where the functional systems are protected from the environment via secondary encapsulation, such as localized hermetic coatings or independent internal housings. In such cases, the structural chassis provides mechanical support and a direct thermal conduit to the water without the requirement for the entire chassis to be sealed. This allows the heat-rejection area of the wall to remain in contact with the water surface or to be submerged, ensuring that the ambient baseline temperature of the liquid environment is utilized for continuous thermal management.

[0040] Sealed, Submerged or Floated Capsule and Triple-Function Specifications: In an embodiment of the structural chassis, functional systems are encapsulated in a sealed, submerged, or floated capsule. In a preferred embodiment, a standardized cupboard used to house processing units (e.g., CPUs, GPUs) or energy storage modules (e.g., BESS) is configured as a sealed, submerged, or floated capsule wherein the capsule shell serves as a structural wall that functions as an integrated cooling unit. This capsule is characterized by a Triple-Function architecture: (a) Protective Housing: Functioning as a hermetically sealed cupboard to isolate high-capacity functional systems from the aquatic environment; (b) Integrated Heat Rejection: Utilizing the capsule shell as a localized thermal interface to reject heat via a short thermal path (through-wall conduction or localized pipe-loops) directly to the surrounding environmental water; and (c) Buoyant Support: Acting as an independent float via a calibrated internal void volume; The internal void volume is specifically dimensioned to allow the capsule to remain floated, or to function as a submerged float, ensuring that the mass of the capsule and its internal payloads is supported primarily by buoyant forces. This configuration reduces the cumulative mechanical loads on the primary floating structural system. The hardware of the heat source is 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 coupled, secured, or bonded directly to the internal side of the structural wall, facilitating instantaneous thermal flux to the environmental water. These capsules may be interconnected via tensile flexible members to maintain spatially distinct locations within a cellular parallel network. A capsule can be slidably or fixedly, appropriately, operatively coupled, secured, attached, connected, mounted to, housed in, hung from, or supported by a floating structural system or its walls / structural components, directly or indirectly via structural supports. In an embodiment, a capsule is hung from a float or a floating net.

[0041] System architecture: Building upon the distributed or localized thermal interfaces, the present invention is characterized by a Cellular Parallel Network topology that establishes a direct, linear relationship between the quantity of heat sources and the total cooling capacity of the floating structural system. Unlike centralized architectures that utilize a "trunk-and-branch" manifold system—which requires high costs for manufacturing, installation, and maintenance, and consumes significant electricity for operation—this distributed cooling system treats each independent cooling unit as a self-contained thermal cell. Within each cell, heat rejection is achieved via a direct, short thermal path configuration tailored to the density of the payload, utilizing either: (a) a solid-state short thermal path where the discrete heat source is thermally coupled directly to the distributed or localized thermal interfaces; or (b) integrated liquid pipes that establish a localized thermal bridge through said distributed or localized thermal interfaces. The distributed or localized thermal interfaces release heat to the environmental water where they contact. By distributing these cells sparsely across the expansive water-contacted surface area of a floating structural system, the architecture ensures that every high-capacity payload interfaces with a fresh, undisturbed ambient water baseline at a plurality of spatially distant locations. This allows for the construction of modular, industrial-scale floating infrastructures, such as regional energy hubs or AI data centers, where the cooling capacity is natively integrated into the structural fabric and scales automatically as the platform expands. If the floating structural system has a wall, and a heat source is positioned in a side of the wall while the environmental 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 water is positioned in the other side, the heat can be transported directly through the wall, via the distributed or localized thermal interfaces.

[0042] Highly scalable distributed cooling architecture for industrial loads: The present invention represents a fundamental shift from a "Centralized Trunk" cooling model to a highly scalable distributed architecture specifically engineered for high-capacity industrial applications. In this architecture, scalability is defined as a linear relationship between the quantity of heat sources and the total cooling capacity. Traditional architectures face a "scalability ceiling" where increasing processing nodes for massive AI clusters requires exponentially larger pumps and manifolds to manage cumulative thermal loads. In the present invention, because each cooling unit is a dedicated, independent cell rejecting heat through the nearest section of the wall, the total cooling capacity increases in direct proportion to the platform's wetted surface area. This allows for the construction of massive, modular floating infrastructures—such as regional energy hubs or AI server towns—where the thermal management system is built into the structural fabric of the platform, requiring no centralized plant regardless of the total load.

[0043] Distributed short thermal path, cooling architecture and thermal latency: The core functional component of the system is the distributed short thermal path cooling architecture. This sub-architecture focuses on the radical minimization of the thermal path length L. In conventional systems, L is a function of the entire platform’s dimensions and internal routing complexity. In the present invention, L is substantially equivalent to the distance between the internal high-capacity heat source and the external radiating element, often limited to the thickness of the wall, if there is, or a geometrically short distance between the heat source and the environmental water as configured for the distributed cooling system. This "Short thermal path" physics eliminates Thermal Latency, which is the time delay and energy loss associated with fluid transport. Because the thermal gradient is established over a minimal distance, heat rejection is instantaneous. This minimizes the temperature difference between the chip and the thermal rejection interface, allowing for higher performance and greater hardware longevity. 2026202246   24 Mar 2026

[0044] Surface-area impedance matching and sparse distribution: The architecture is specifically configured to distribute heat sources sparsely throughout the water surface. This strategy aligns the functional system with the physical nature of heat transfer in maritime environments. While the water body is a massive heat sink, its efficiency is best utilized at a low flux density over a large area. By spreading independent cooling units across a vast horizontal aperture, the system maximizes the direct contact surface area between extreme industrial heat loads and the water. This sparse distribution ensures that the thermal energy from one cooling unit does not interfere with the ambient baseline of its neighbor. This "perfect fit" ensures that every cooling unit operates at maximum efficiency without the requirement for forced mechanical mixing.

[0045] Zero-manifold cellular topology and failure isolation: The topology of the distributed network is a Cellular Parallel Network, defined by the total absence of shared internal manifolds or common fluid loops. Each cooling unit is a hermetically and functionally isolated thermal cell. This decoupling ensures the system is environmentally hardened against critical weather, wave-induced structural stress, or accidental damage. In the event of a structural breach or mechanical failure, only the cooling unit in that immediate vicinity is compromised. This eliminates the "Cascading Failure" mode prevalent in centralized architectures, where a single pipe burst can disable an entire data center. This cellular reliability is a primary technical advantage for high-capacity maritime infrastructures where the economic impact of downtime is extreme.

[0046] Mechanics of through-wall thermal conduction and hybrid cooling: To maintain a "Zero-Leak" interior environment for high-capacity electronics, the preferred embodiment of the short thermal path conduit utilizes a solid-state thermal bridge. This conduit consists of a high-conductivity metallic member that passes through or is integrated into the wall of the platform. The interior end is thermally coupled directly to the heat source while the exterior end is configured as a radiating element submerged in the water. To accommodate extreme industrial heat loads, the architecture optionally incorporates a hybrid thermal management model. In this model, the localized cooling unit (cell) may include independent active components, 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 such as a micro-pump for localized liquid-convection or an internal fan for forced-air cooling, to move heat from the source to the wall. These active components are functionally isolated within each cell, ensuring that the architecture remains a decentralized parallel network without the energy consumption and single-point-of-failure risks of a centralized pumping plant.

[0047] Economic and maintenance advantages for industrial infrastructure: The architecture provides a strategic reduction in the total cost of ownership for high-capacity systems. By utilizing the wall of the structural system as a distributed heat exchanger, the architecture removes the cost of specialized cooling distribution units (CDUs) and the power infrastructure required to run large pumps. Maintenance is simplified because the system has no central "nervous system"; individual high-capacity cooling units (cells) can be serviced or replaced as modular units without interrupting the operation of the rest of the platform.

[0048] The contact surface as a protected thermal interface: A fundamental aspect of this architecture is the utilization of the contact surface of the structural system (structural chassis). The contact surface is defined as the specific area of the structural system (structural chassis) that makes direct physical contact with the surrounding water body. While the primary role of the structural system can act as a hermetically sealed barrier—keeping high-capacity functional systems dry—the present invention utilizes this contact surface as a distributed heat exchange plane.

[0049] Sparse distribution within the contact surface: To achieve the "perfect fit" between the functional system and the environment, discrete heat sources are sparsely distributed throughout the interior side of a wall, aligned with the external surface contacting environmental water. This allows heat sources to be protected within the dry interior (e.g., of a hull, a capsule) while maintaining the shortest possible physical distance to the water body. By optionally attaching the functional system directly to the inner side of the wall, the architecture minimizes the thermal path to substantially the thickness of the wall.

[0050] Integration of short thermal path mechanics: This strategic arrangement allows the distributed short thermal path cooling architecture to function as a highly scalable network. As the floating structural system expands, the available contact 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 surface area increases linearly, providing new attachment points for additional high-capacity functional units. Each unit effectively "claims" a portion of the contact surface for its own independent heat rejection path. This ensures that the functional system remains shielded from the water while simultaneously achieving instantaneous, high-efficiency heat dissipation.

[0051] Rigid and flexible platform dynamics and fluid dynamics enhancements: The floating structural system is optionally configured to be rigid or flexible. In flexible embodiments, the platform is deformable to adapt to wave motions. The heat generated by functional systems forms a topology of discrete heat sources; if the platform is flexible, the distances between these sources vary during deformation. This dynamic topology maintains structural integrity and thermal performance in fluctuating maritime conditions. Furthermore, while the capsule can be submerged deep enough for heat rejection and close enough to the surface for service—such as cleaning the outer surface with high pressure or repairing internal systems—the fluid dynamics of the surrounding water are utilized to improve efficiency. This is achieved by: (a) hanging the capsule via a flexible member from a floating structural system, ensuring positioning at seabeds is avoided; and (b) using a flexible floating structural system that shakes the capsules at all times under the motion of waves. In an embodiment, the floating structural system is composed of a plurality of floats positioned at the water surface, connected and secured together via tensile flexible members. This maintains designed distances between floats, forming a network of interconnected floats. Both the capsules and the floats can be moored or anchored.

[0052] Adaptive cooling unit architecture: A cooling unit comprises a heat sink and a thermal rejection interface (thermal radiator). The thermal rejection interface makes contact with the environment to transmit heat, while the heat sink absorbs and dissipates thermal energy from high-temperature components like CPUs, GPUs, and power transistors. The structural system is configured to respond to environmental wave kinetic energy, thereby inducing mechanical oscillations in the submerged thermal rejection interfaces to provide passive agitation that disrupts the thermal boundary layer and enhances convective heat transfer with the surrounding environmental water. These sinks can be combined as a single component or 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 separated and thermally connected via heat transfer components such as heat pipes. The cooling unit can be rigid, flexible, or a combination thereof. The thermal rejection interface may be composed of flexible or rigid radiators, including rigid aluminum or copper pipes, or flexible liquid pipes. To increase surface area, the wall, which is configured to be a thermal rejection interface of a localized thermal interface, is preferred to have radial fins (e.g., aluminum or copper fins). While the heat sink transmits heat from the source to the thermal rejection interface, the thermal rejection interface radiates or transfers the heat to the surrounding water.

[0053] Flexible conformability and maintenance: When a discrete heat source covers a local flexible area of a wall of a structural system, the functional systems (e.g., supported by the structural system) can be assembled in a rigid frame / cupboard or a flexible, deformable frame / cupboard to conform with the wall's deformability. The cooling unit is also designed to conform to the flexible area. Furthermore, the thermal rejection interface is designed to be cleanable, allowing its surface connecting to the surrounding water to be cleaned as required.

[0054] Preferred architectures of floating functional systems: A floating functional system can be configured in several embodiments. In one, functional systems are positioned in the interior of a floating structural system (or floating structural chassis / structural module). Alternatively, systems are positioned outer to the floating structural system, such as being attached to the outer side or hung from the structural system via flexible members. Each functional system is appropriately, operatively coupled, secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by the floating structural system, or its walls, directly or indirectly via structural supports.

[0055] Services, maintenance, and mass production: On-surface functional systems, whether housed within the structure or in submerged capsules, are designed for efficient installation and repair. Being at or near the surface, they are accessible via standard industrial equipment, including boats. The capsule is standardized for installations, services, maintenance, and reparations, as well as for manufacturing in mass production. Service boats can attach the capsule to the floating structural system or remove it as needed. Submerged capsules are designed to be reopened 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 and resealed, allowing internal components to be replaced without compromising the modular network's integrity.

[0056] Integrated structural heat sink mechanics: The wall of a floating or submerged structural system is utilized as a high-efficiency integrated heat sink. In this embodiment, the wall—whether part of a hull, chassis, or capsule—functions simultaneously as a thermal absorber (heat sink) and a thermal radiator (thermal rejection interface). The functional system generating the heat is positioned within a dry, protected interior and is mechanically and thermally coupled to the internal side of the wall. This coupling is achieved by securing the heat-generating components (or cold plates / vapor chambers) directly to the wall using high-conductivity thermal interface materials (TIMs), thermal adhesives, or mechanical fasteners. This reduces the thermal path length to substantially the thickness of the wall itself.

[0057] Dual-function thermal chassis and capsule embodiments: In an alternative configuration, functional systems are encapsulated within a submerged capsule where the shell serves as a dual-function thermal chassis. Internal electronics are secured to the interior surface of the capsule wall via a direct-contact mounting interface. This ensures the capsule wall acts as the primary heat sink, absorbing thermal flux at the point of origin, while the exterior surface acts as the thermal rejection interface. The capsule wall may incorporate integrated conductive members or high-conductivity metallic alloys to maximize the rate of through-wall conduction, allowing the structure to perform both mechanical and thermal roles.

[0058] Preferred applications: renewable energy and computing systems: The submerged capsule is ideally utilized for floating renewable energy systems (e.g., solar, wind, wave). Specifically, the Battery Energy Storage System (BESS) of such systems is configured as modules housed within the submerged capsules. These capsules bear the weight of the BESS, protect it from the environment, and reject heat efficiently, thereby exempting the floating structural chassis from supporting such large loads. This increases efficiency by avoiding the use of electricity for active cooling and maintaining batteries in a cool state, which significantly enhances energy retention and lifespan. Similarly, for high-performance computing, AI systems, and data centers, the passive rejection of heat allows these systems to save significant 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 energy typically required for active cooling, creating a "green effect" by reducing electricity consumption. Given that a BESS is inherently heavy, the configuration of encapsulating the BESS in sealed triple-function submerged capsules serves as a specialized structural solution to avoid having such heavy weights borne by the floating structural system (structural module or platform).

[0059] Submerged structural heat sink as a primary thermal interface: The present invention provides a submerged structural heat sink for high-capacity electronics, characterized by the integration of thermal management into the wall of a vessel or capsule. This configuration eliminates the need for high-pressure pumps and internal piping. By utilizing the wall as a dual-function sink (structural heat sink), the architecture achieves instantaneous heat rejection directly into the surrounding liquid. Key features include: (a) direct thermal coupling to the structural chassis; (b) structural-thermal duality of the wall; (c) zero-manifold heat rejection; and (d) a passive environmental interface leveraging natural thermal gradients.

[0060] Preferred applications, bio-derived compliant floating structural systems: A floating structural system deployed in maritime or aquatic environments must inherently adapt to the kinetic energy of wave oscillations. Regardless of whether the global architecture is classified as flexible or rigid, the integration of bio-derived materials provides critical functional capabilities, specifically regarding deformability and elastic restoration under dynamic loading. Unlike conventional steel structures— which rely on high-stiffness to resist environmental forces but suffer from prohibitive mass, high manufacturing and logistics costs, and susceptibility to corrosion—the present structural system utilizes structural compliance to conform to wave and seismic motions. By leveraging the inherent viscoelastic properties of bio-derived elastomers and resins, the system achieves a state of dynamic equilibrium with the water surface. This "reduced-stiffness" architecture is a strategic technical advantage, allowing the chassis to dissipate energy through controlled deformation while maintaining a robust restorative force to return to its original geometric datum. Furthermore, this inherent deformability facilitates the efficiency of integrated cooling systems; the continuous mechanical interaction between wave-induced oscillations and the periodic deformation and restoration of the structural chassis acts as a 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 passive hydraulic driver, enhancing the circulation of surrounding water across heatexchange surfaces. Consequently, the use of bio-derived materials enables a new class of lightweight, corrosion-resistant floating infrastructure optimized for both long-term operational stability and high-efficiency thermal management without the mechanical overhead of traditional rigid engineering.

[0061] Technical Advantages, Bio-Derived Compliant Cooling Synergy: The integration of bio-derived materials provides a unique thermo-mechanical advantage. By utilizing a "reduced-stiffness" architecture, the system transforms environmental wave energy into a functional cooling mechanism. The viscoelastic restoration of the bioderived structural components ensures that the localized thermal interfaces are in a state of constant oscillation. This mechanical interaction acts as a passive hydraulic driver, forcing a continuous exchange of water at the contact surface of the independent cooling units and preventing the formation of a stagnant thermal boundary layer.

[0062] Wave-Kinetic Assisted Heat Rejection: The present invention provides a dynamic thermal management architecture configured to harness environmental wave kinetic energy as a passive hydraulic driver for enhanced heat rejection. In this system, a functional system generating a discrete heat load is operatively coupled, secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by a floating structural system, which supports or is operatively coupled, secured to a submerged thermal rejection interface. Unlike static submerged cooling systems that rely on natural buoyancy-driven convection, the present structural system is specifically configured to translate the multi-axis oscillations of the water surface into continuous mechanical motion of the submerged thermal rejection interface. This constant state of wave-induced oscillation provides high-frequency passive agitation at the localized interface, which serves a critical fluid-dynamic function: the disruption of the stagnant thermal boundary layer. By physically stripping away warmed water molecules that would otherwise insulate the heat-exchange surface and replacing them with fresh, undisturbed ambient environmental water, the system achieves a significantly higher convective heat transfer coefficient without the requirement for internal electrical 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 pumping power or complex manifold systems. This kinetic-to-thermal synergy ensures that high-capacity payloads, such as high-density AI processing clusters or Battery Energy Storage Systems (BESS), maintain an optimal thermal gradient by leveraging the natural energy of the maritime environment. Consequently, the architecture transforms the mechanical energy of wave oscillations into a functional cooling utility, preventing thermal saturation of the local water boundary and extending the operational lifespan and efficiency of the supported functional systems.

[0063] Environmental Fluid Dynamic Utilization: The present invention provides a thermal management architecture configured to utilize environmental fluid dynamics for enhanced heat rejection. In this system, a functional system generating a discrete heat load is operatively coupled, secured, attached, connected, mounted, laminated or bonded to, embedded or housed in, hung from, or supported by a structural system, which supports or is operatively coupled, secured to a submerged thermal rejection interface. The architecture is specifically configured to leverage the kinetic energy of the surrounding aquatic environment—including wave-induced particle oscillations, directional water currents, tidal flows, and localized fluid turbulence— to facilitate heat transfer. This utilization of environmental energy is implemented via two primary operational modes: (a) Passive Kinetic Interface, wherein the thermal rejection interface is positioned such that the natural motion of the environmental water (e.g., waves or tides) moves directly across the surface of the interface; and (b) Mechanical-Kinetic Conversion, wherein the power of the environmental water motions is captured and converted into mechanical force via a conversion device— such as a floating chassis, a kinetic vane, or a flexible member—to move the thermal rejection interface relative to the water. In both modes, the cooling unit is configured to utilize motions of the environmental water, creating relative motions between the thermal rejection interface and the surrounding water to provide passive agitation that disrupts a thermal boundary layer at said interface to increase convective heat transfer. By continuously replacing warmed water at the interface with fresh, undisturbed ambient environmental water, the system achieves a significantly higher convective heat transfer coefficient without the requirement for internal electrical 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 pumping power. This kinetic-to-thermal synergy transforms the maritime environment into a functional cooling utility, maintaining an optimal thermal gradient for high-capacity payloads through the integrated exploitation of aquatic kinetic flux.

[0064] Elastic Structural System and Kinetic Continuity: An elastic structural system is a structural system configured to store strain energy when subjected to deformation by external environmental forces, such as wave-induced mechanical loads. This structural system is characterized by its ability to restore its original geometric configuration utilizing the stored strain energy. Consequently, the cyclic process of wave-driven deformation and subsequent autonomous restoration occurs continuously within the maritime environment. This periodic mechanical oscillation allows a thermal rejection interface operatively coupled to the structural system to maintain a constant state of relative motion against the surrounding environmental water. By ensuring that the interface is perpetually moving versus the aquatic medium, the elastic structural system facilitates the continuous disruption of the thermal boundary layer, thereby accelerating the process of releasing heat from internal functional systems to the environment. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS Figure 1: A schematic perspective view of the highly scalable distributed cooling architecture, illustrating the sparse distribution of independent cooling units (1363-heat sources-and 1368-thermal rejection interfaces) across the expansive surface area, which is the wall (1362) of a high-capacity floating structural system (structural module or platform) to maximize contact area and eliminate heat accumulation. Heat from a heat source (1363) is transmitted through the wall to the thermal rejection interface utilising the distributed short thermal path cooling architecture. Heat from each heat source is rejected directly to the surrounding water-transmitted from the heat source (1363) through a localized thermal conduit to the thermal rejection interface (1368), without heat accumulation with other heat sources via heat pipes). 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 Figure 2: A schematic perspective view of the highly scalable distributed cooling architecture, similar to Figure 1, in which, each cooling unit has a heat source (1363 and a thermal rejection interface (1368) attached, bonded, secured directly to the wall (1362). Heat from each heat source (1363) is rejected directly to the surrounding water-transmitted from the heat source to the thermal rejection interface, without heat accumulation with other heat sources via heat pipes). Figure 3: A schematic perspective view, illustrating a contrast physics of Sequential Heat Accumulation (prior art), in which, heat created by the heat sources (1363) is transmitted via the heat pipes (1364) the accumulated and to the master heat pipe (1365) before being transmitted to the radiators, rejecting heat to the air finally. Figure 4: A schematic perspective view of the interconnected network topology, showing the plurality of floating structural units, composed of floats (300), structurally interconnected together via tensile flexible members (216), and submerged units, each containing a heat source (1363), wherein the submerged units are structurally interconnected together via tensile flexible members (216) to maintain designed sparse distances. The submerged units are hung from the floats via tensile flexible members (216) while the floats are floated on a water surface (12). The interconnected floats form a flexible structural system (structural module or platform). Figure 5: A schematic perspective view, of a cross section of a sealed, submerged capsule which has a wall (1362), and one or more encapsulated heat sources (1363) transmitting heat through the wall to external thermal rejection interfaces (1368) which release heat to surrounding water via direct contacts. Figure 6: Like Figure 5, with a closer, detailed architecture of the cooling units integrated with the wall of the sealed, submerged capsule. Heat from each heat source is rejected through the wall (1362), directly to the surrounding water-transmitted from the heat source (1363), either directly or through a localized thermal conduit, to the thermal rejection interface (1368), without heat accumulation with other heat sources via heat pipes). 2026202246   24 Mar 2026 Figure 7: Like figure 5 and Figure 6, in which, the thermal rejection interface is composed of metal fins (1370) for facilitating heat exchange between the thermal rejection interface and the surrounding water. Figure 8: A perspective view of a sealed triple-function submerged capsule (1369), illustrating its configuration as a standardized cupboard for housing, its role as an integrated heat sink with fins (1370) attached or secured to its wall on its external surface, and its sealed internal void volume is used for buoyancy.

Claims

1. A sealed capsule for housing and protecting functional systems inits sealed internal void volume, comprising a structural wall configured as an integrated cooling unit having one or more thermal rejection interfaces, forming an integrated thermal structural capsule; wherein heat created by the functional systems is transmitted through the one or more thermal rejection interfaces into surrounding environmental water; and wherein the one or more thermal rejection interfaces are distributed on the structural wall such that the heat is rejected into the surrounding environmental water at spatially distinct locations with low flux densities, thereby thermally insulating each thermal rejection interface from adjacent ones to prevent sequential heat accumulation.

2. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1, wherein the capsule isfurther configured to provide buoyant forces via the sealed internal void volume; wherein the weight of the capsule is at least partially supported by the buoyant forces to reduce mechanical loads on a primary floating structural system.

3. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-2, wherein the integratedcooling unit comprises one or more heat sinks for absorbing the heat from the functional systems; wherein the heat is transmitted from the heat sink to the thermal rejection interface then into the surrounding environmental water.

4. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-3, wherein the integratedcooling unit is configured to comprise at least one of: (a) solid thermal conductors; (b) liquid thermal conductors; and (c) a combination thereof; wherein the liquid thermal conductors are configured to be piped or circulated.

5. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-4, wherein the heat istransmitted from the functional systems to the environmental water along a path substantially restricted to the thickness of the structural wall.

6. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-5, wherein the integratedcooling unit is further configured as an active cooling system or a passive cooling2026202246   01 Jun 2026system; wherein heat rejection is managed via an automated control system in the active configuration, or via natural convection in the passive configuration.

7. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-6, wherein the functionalsystem comprises at least one of: (a) an infrastructure selected from processing systems, including an AI system, a data center, an integrated data infrastructure, or a high-performance computing system; (b) energy infrastructure selected from a battery energy storage system or an electrical power conversion system; and (c) a renewable energy system, or a communication system.

8. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-7, wherein the structuralwall includes external radiating fins attached radially to increase the surface area in contact with the surrounding environmental water.

9. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-8, configured as astandardized modular cupboard for mass production, configured to be reopened and resealed for internal maintenance.

10. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-9, wherein the internalvoid volume is small enough to allow the capsule to always remain submerged, such that its weight is partially supported by buoyant forces.

11. The sealed capsule of any one of claims 1-10, wherein the capsuleis attached, secured to, supported by, or hung from, directly or indirectly via structural supports, a rigid or flexible structural system floated on or submerged in the body of the surrounding environmental water.

12. The sealed capsule of claim 11, wherein the structural system issubstantially composed of bio-derived materials; wherein the bio-derived materials provide viscoelastic properties configured to allow the structural system to conform to wave motions.

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