MÉTODO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIO ATRAVÉS DE UMA ESTAÇÃO-BASE, MÉTODO DE COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIO ATRAVÉS DE UM EQUIPAMENTO DE USUÁRIO, ESTAÇÃO BASE PARA COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIO, E,EQUIPAMENTO DE USUÁRIO PARA COMUNICAÇÃO SEM FIO

Abstract

In a beam change process, the base station transmits a beam change instruction to a user device (UD) to indicate that the base station will change from a current beam to another beam; however, the UD may not successfully receive the beam change instruction. The device may be a base station configured to address such problems. The base station determines the change from a first beam to a second beam. The base station transmits a beam change instruction to an UD to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam. The base station determines if the UD received the beam change instruction. The base station selects a third beam to communicate with the UD when the base station determines that the UD did not receive the beam change instruction, where the third beam is a predefined beam.

Description

"WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD THROUGH A BASE STATION, WIRELESS COMMUNICATION METHOD THROUGH USER EQUIPMENT, BASE STATION FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION, AND USER EQUIPMENT FOR WIRELESS COMMUNICATION" CROSS-REFERENCE TO RELATED REQUESTS

[0001] This application claims the benefit of provisional application serial number U.S. 62 / 436,966, entitled “FALLBACK BEAM SELECTION PROCEDURE DURING FAILURE OF BEAM CHANGE INSTRUCTION RECEPTION” and filed December 20, 2016, and patent application number U.S. 15 / 685,872, entitled “FALLBACK BEAM SELECTION PROCEDURE DURING FAILURE OF BEAM CHANGE INSTRUCTION RECEPTION” and filed August 24, 2017, which are expressly incorporated by reference in their entirety. BACKGROUND Field

[0002] The present disclosure relates generally to communication systems and, more particularly, to beam selection in wireless communication systems between a user device and a base station. Background

[0003] Wireless communication systems are widely deployed to provide various telecommunication services, such as telephony, video, data, messaging, and broadcasting. Typical wireless communication systems may employ multiple access technologies capable of supporting communication with multiple users sharing available system resources. Examples of such multiple access technologies include code division multiple access (CDMA) systems, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 6 / 226 2 / 97 Time-division multiple access systems (TDMA), frequency-division multiple access systems (FDMA), orthogonal frequency-division multiple access systems (OFDMA), single-carrier frequency-division multiple access systems (SC-FDMA), and time-division synchronous code-division multiple access systems (TD-SCDMA).

[0004] These multiple access technologies have been adopted in various telecommunications standards to provide a common protocol that allows different wireless devices to communicate at a municipal, national, regional, and even global level. An exemplary telecommunications standard is Long Term Evolution (LTE). LTE is a set of improvements to the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS) mobile standard promulgated by the Third Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). LTE is designed to support mobile broadband access through improved spectral efficiency, reduced costs, and enhanced services with the use of OFDMA in the downlink, SC-FDMA in the uplink, and multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology. However, as the demand for mobile broadband access continues to increase, there is a need for further enhancements to LTE technology.These improvements may also be applicable to other multiple access technologies and the telecommunications standards that employ these technologies. SUMMARY

[0005] A simplified summary of one or more aspects is presented below in order to provide a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 7 / 226 3 / 97 basic understanding of such aspects. This summary is not an extensive overview of all aspects covered, and is not intended to identify key or critical elements of all aspects or to delineate the scope of any or all aspects. Its sole purpose is to present some concepts of one or more aspects in a simplified way as a prelude to the more detailed description that will be presented later.

[0006] With a beamforming technique, a base station can select one of the beams pointing in different directions to communicate with the selected beam. After beam selection, an ideal beam can change, and thus the base station can determine the change from a current beam to another beam. In a beam change process, the base station transmits a beam change instruction to a user equipment (UE) to indicate that the base station will change from a current beam to another beam. There may be situations where the UE cannot successfully receive the beam change instruction. When the base station determines that the UE did not successfully receive the beam change instruction, the base station can select a fallback beam instead of communicating with the UE.

[0007] In one aspect of the revelation, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a base station. The base station determines the change from a first beam to a second beam. The base station transmits, to a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 8 / 226 4 / 97 UE, a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam upon determination of the change to the second beam. The base station determines whether the UE received the beam change instruction. The base station selects a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction, where the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0008] In one aspect, the apparatus may be a base station. The base station may include means for determining the change from a first beam to a second beam. The base station may include means for transmitting, to an UE, a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam upon determination of the change to the second beam. The base station may include means for determining whether the UE has received the beam change instruction. The base station may include means for selecting a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, wherein the third beam is a predefined fallback beam.

[0009] In one aspect, the apparatus may be a base station that includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor may be configured to: determine the change from a first beam to a second beam, transmit, to an UE, a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam, determine whether the UE has received the beam change instruction, and Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 9 / 226 5 / 97 Select a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, where the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0010] In one aspect, a computer-readable medium that stores computer-executable code, for a UE, includes code for: determining the change from a first beam to a second beam, transmitting to a UE a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam upon the determination of the change to the second beam, determining whether the UE has received the beam change instruction, and selecting a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, wherein the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0011] In one aspect of the disclosure, a method, a computer-readable medium, and an apparatus are provided. The apparatus may be a UE. The UE uses a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a base station first beam. The UE determines if the UE has lost communication with the base station. The UE determines that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the The UE determines that the UE has lost communication. The UE selects a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured as the second base station beam, where the third beam is a predefined beam. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 10 / 226 6 / 97

[0012] In one aspect, the device may be an UE. The base station may include means to utilize a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a first base station beam. The base station may include means to determine if the UE has lost communication with the base station. The base station may include means to determine that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication. The base station may include means to select a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured as a second base station beam, wherein the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0013] In one aspect, the device may be a UE that includes a memory and at least one processor coupled to the memory. The at least one processor may be configured to: utilize a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a first base station beam, determine if the UE has lost communication with the base station, determine that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication, and select a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured with the second base station beam, where the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0014] In one aspect, a readable medium by Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 11 / 226 7 / 97 computer that stores executable code for a UE, includes code to: use a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a first base station beam, determine if the UE has lost communication with the base station, determine that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication, and select a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured with the second base station beam, where the third beam is a predefined beam.

[0015] To achieve the aforementioned and related objectives, the one or more aspects comprise the features described in full hereafter and particularly indicated in the claims. The following description and the accompanying drawings present in detail certain illustrative features of the one or more aspects. These features are indicative, however, of only some of the various ways in which the principles of various aspects may be employed, and this description is intended to include all such aspects and their equivalents. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a wireless communications system and an access network.

[0017] Figures 2A, 2B, 2C and 2D are diagrams that illustrate LTE examples of a DL frame structure, DL channels within the DL frame structure, a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 12 / 226 8 / 97 UL frame structure and UL channels within the UL frame structure, respectively.

[0018] Figure 3 is a diagram that illustrates an example of an evolved Node B (eNB) and user equipment (UE) in an access network.

[0019] Figure 4 is a diagram illustrating a base station in communication with a UE.

[0020] Figures 5A and 5B are diagrams that illustrate an example of beamform signal transmission between a base station and a UE.

[0021] Figures 6A to 6D illustrate diagrams of a wireless communication system.

[0022] Figure 7 is an example diagram that illustrates the communication between a user device and a base station to select a beam.

[0023] Figure 8 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0024] Figure 9A is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the flowchart in Figure 8.

[0025] Figure 9B is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the flowchart in Figure 8.

[0026] Figure 10 is a conceptual data flow diagram that illustrates the flow of data between different media / components in an exemplary device.

[0027] Figure 11 is a diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 13 / 226 9 / 97 device that employs a processing system.

[0028] Figure 12 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method.

[0029] Figure 13A is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the flowchart in Figure 12.

[0030] Figure 13B is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the flowchart in Figure 12.

[0031] Figure 14 is a flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the flowchart in Figure 12.

[0032] Figure 15 is a conceptual data flow diagram that illustrates the flow of data between different media / components in an exemplary device.

[0033] Figure 16 is a diagram that illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for a device that employs a processing system. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0034] The detailed description presented below, together with the accompanying drawings, is intended as a description of various configurations and is not intended to represent the only configurations in which the concepts described herein may be practiced. The detailed description includes specific details for the purpose of providing a complete understanding of various concepts. However, it will be evident to those skilled in the art that these concepts can be practiced without these specific details. In some cases, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 14 / 226 10 / 97 well-known structures and components are shown in block diagram form in order to avoid obscuring such concepts.

[0035] Various aspects of telecommunication systems will now be presented with reference to various devices and methods. These devices and methods will be described in the detailed description below and illustrated in the attached drawings by various blocks, components, circuits, processes, algorithms, etc. (collectively referred to as “elements”). These elements can be implemented using electronic hardware, computer software, or any combination thereof. The possibility of such elements being implemented as hardware or software depends on the particular application and design constraints imposed on the total system.

[0036] By way of example, an element, or any portion of an element, or any combination of elements may be implemented as a “processing system” that includes one or more processors. Examples of processors include microprocessors, microcontrollers, graphics processing units (GPUs), central processing units (CPUs), application processors, digital signal processors (DSPs), reduced instruction set computing (RISC) processors, systems on a chip (SoCs), baseband processors, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), programmable logic devices (PLDs), state machines, gate logic, discrete hardware circuits, and other suitable hardware configured to perform the various functionalities. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 15 / 226 11 / 97 described throughout this disclosure. One or more processors in the processing system may execute software. Software should be interpreted broadly to mean instructions, instruction sets, code, code segments, program code, programs, subprograms, software components, applications, software applications, software packages, routines, subroutines, objects, executables, execution chains, procedures, functions, etc., whether referred to as software, firmware, middleware, microcode, hardware description language, or otherwise.

[0037] Consequently, in one or more exemplary embodiments, the functions described may be implemented in hardware, software, or any combination thereof. If implemented in software, the functions may be stored or encoded as one or more instructions or code in a computer-readable medium. Computer-readable media includes computer storage media. Storage media may be any available media that can be accessed by a computer.By way of example, and without limitation, such computer-readable media may comprise random access memory (RAM), read-only memory (ROM), electrically erasable programmable ROM (EEPROM), optical disk storage, magnetic disk storage, other magnetic storage devices, combinations of the above-mentioned types of computer-readable media, or any other means that can be used to store computer-executable code in the form of instructions or data structures that may be... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 16 / 226 12 / 97 accessed by a computer.

[0038] Figure 1 is a diagram illustrating an example of a wireless communications system and an access network 100. The wireless communications system (also called a wireless wide area network (WWAN)) includes base stations 102, UEs 104 and an Evolved Packet Core (EPC) 160. The base stations 102 may include macrocells (high-power cellular base station) and / or small cells (low-power cellular base station). Macrocells include base stations. Small cells include femtocells, picocells and microcells.

[0039] Base stations 102 (collectively called the Terrestrial Radio Access Network (EUTRAN) of the Universal Mobile Terrestrial Telecommunications System (UMTS)) interface with EPC 160 via return transport channel links 132 (e.g., interface S1).In addition to other functions, 102 base stations can perform one or more of the following functions: user data transfer, radio channel encryption and decryption, integrity protection, header compression, mobility control functions (e.g., handover, dual connectivity), intercellular interference coordination, connection setup and release, load balancing, distribution to non-accessible stratum messages (NAS), NAS node selection, synchronization, radio access network (RAN) sharing, broadcast and selective multimedia broadcasting service (MBMS), subscriber and equipment tracking, RAN information management (RIM), paging, positioning, and warning message delivery. 102 base stations can communicate. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 17 / 226 13 / 97 directly or indirectly (e.g., via EPC 160) with each other through return transport channel links 134 (e.g., interface X2). The return transport channel links 134 can be wired or wireless.

[0040] Base stations 102 can communicate wirelessly with UEs 104. Each of the base stations 102 can provide communication coverage for a respective geographic coverage area 110. There may be overlapping geographic coverage areas 110. For example, small cell 102' may have a coverage area 110' that overlaps the coverage area 110 of one or more macro base stations 102. A network that includes both small cells and macro cells may be known as a heterogeneous network. A heterogeneous network may also include Home Evolved Nodes (eNBs) (HeNBs), which may provide service to a restricted group known as a closed subscriber group (CSG).Communication links 120 between base stations 102 and UEs 104 may include uplink (UL) transmissions (also called reverse link) from a UE 104 to a base station 102 and / or downlink (DL) transmissions (also called forward link) from a base station 102 to a UE 104. Communication links 120 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna technology, including spatial multiplexing, beamforming, and / or transmission diversity. Communication links may be via one or more carriers. Base stations 102 / UEs 104 may use spectrum up to Y MHz (e.g., 5,...). 10, 15, 20, 100 MHz) bandwidth per carrier Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 18 / 226 14 / 97 is allocated in a carrier aggregation of up to a total of Yx MHz (x component carriers) used for transmission in each direction. Carriers may or may not be adjacent to each other. Carrier allocation may be asymmetrical with respect to DL and UL (e.g., more or fewer carriers may be allocated to DL than to UL). Component carriers may include a primary component carrier and one or more secondary component carriers. A primary component carrier may be called a primary cell (PCell) and a secondary component carrier may be called a secondary cell (SCell).

[0041] The wireless communications system may additionally include a Wi-Fi access point (AP) 150 communicating with Wi-Fi stations (STAs) 152 via communication links 154 in an unlicensed 5 GHz frequency spectrum. When communicating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the STAs 152 / AP 150 may perform a free channel assessment (CCA) before communicating in order to determine if the channel is available.

[0042] The 102' small cell can operate in a licensed and / or unlicensed frequency spectrum. When operating in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, the 102' small cell can employ NR and use the same unlicensed 5 GHz frequency spectrum as that used by the Wi-Fi 150 AP. The 102' small cell, which employs NR in an unlicensed frequency spectrum, can amplify the coverage and / or increase the capacity of the access network.

[0043] gNodeB (gNB) 180 can operate at millimeter wave (MMW) frequencies and / or frequencies of Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 19 / 226 15 / 97 Near MMW in communication with UE 104. When the gNB 180 operates on MMW or near MMW frequencies, the gNB 180 can be called an MMW base station. Extremely high frequency (EHF) is part of the RF in the electromagnetic spectrum. EHF has a range from 30 GHz to 300 GHz and a wavelength between 1 millimeter and 10 millimeters. Radio waves in the band can be called millimeter waves. Near MMW can extend down to a frequency of 3 GHz with a wavelength of 100 millimeters. The super high frequency (SHF) band extends between 3 GHz and 30 GHz, also called centimeter wave. Communications using the MMW / near MMW radio frequency band have extremely high path loss and a short range. The MMW 180 base station can utilize 184 beamforming with UE 104 to compensate for the extremely high trajectory loss and short range.

[0044] EPC 160 may include an Entity of Mobility Management (MME) 162, other MMEs 164, a Server Communication Port 166, a Multimedia Broadcast and Selective Broadcast Service (MBMS) Communication Port 168, a Broadcast and Selective Broadcast Service Center (BM-SC) 170, and a Packet Data Network (PDN) Communication Port 172. MME 162 can communicate with a Home Subscriber Server (HSS) 174. MME 162 is the control node that processes signaling between UEs 104 and EPC 160. Generally, MME 162 provides transmission and connection management. All user Internet Protocol (IP) packets are transferred through Server Communication Port 166. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 20 / 226 16 / 97, which is properly connected to PDN Communication Port 172. PDN Communication Port 172 provides EU IP address allocation, as well as other functions. PDN Communication Port 172 and BM-SC 170 are connected to IP Services 176. IP Services 176 may include the Internet, an intranet, an IP Multimedia Subsystem (IMS), a Continuous Broadcast Service (PS), and / or other IP services. BM-SC 170 may provide functions for provisioning and delivering MBMS user service. BM-SC 170 may serve as an entry point for content provider MBMS transmission, may be used to authorize and initiate MBMS Carrier Services within a public terrestrial mobile network (PLMN), and may be used to schedule MBMS transmissions.MBMS Communication Port 168 can be used to distribute MBMS traffic to base stations 102 belonging to a Single Frequency Broadcast and Selective Broadcast (MBSFN) area that broadcasts a particular service, and can be responsible for session management (start / stop) and for collecting eMBMS related to billing information.

[0045] The base station may also be called a gNB, Evolved B Node (eNB), an access point, a transceiver base station, a radio base station, a radio transceiver, a transceiver function, a Basic Service Set (BSS), an Extended Service Set (ESS), or some other suitable terminology. Base station 102 provides an access point for EPC 160 to UE 104. Examples of UEs 104 include a cell phone, a smartphone, a Session Initiation Protocol (SIP) phone, a laptop computer, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 21 / 22617 / 97 a personal digital assistant (PDA), a satellite radio, a global positioning system, a multimedia device, a video device, a digital audio player (e.g., MP3 player), a camera, a game console, a tablet-type device, a smart device, a body-worn device, a vehicle, an electronic meter, a gas pump, a toaster, or any other similarly functioning device. Some of the EU 104 may be called IoT devices (e.g., parking meter, gas pump, toaster, vehicles, etc.).The UE 104 may also be referred to as a station, a mobile station, a subscriber station, a mobile unit, a subscriber unit, a wireless unit, a remote unit, a mobile device, a wireless device, a wireless communications device, a remote device, a mobile subscriber station, an access terminal, a mobile terminal, a wireless terminal, a remote terminal, a handset, a user agent, a mobile client, a client, or some other suitable terminology.

[0046] Referring again to Figure 1, in certain aspects, the UE 104 / eNB 180 can be configured to determine communication with a fallback beam if the eNB 180 has not determined that the beam change instruction to change from a current beam to a second beam was received by the UE 104 (198).

[0047] Figure 2A is a diagram 200 illustrating an example of a DL frame structure in LTE. Figure 2B is a diagram 230 illustrating an example of channels within the DL frame structure in LTE. Figure 2C Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 22 / 226 Figure 18 / 97 is a 250 diagram illustrating an example of a UL frame structure in LTE. Figure 2D is a 280 diagram illustrating an example of channels within the frame structure. UL in LTE. Other wireless communication technologies may have a different frame structure and / or different channels. In LTE, a frame (10 ms) can be divided into equally sized subframes. Each subframe can include two consecutive time partitions. A feature grid can be used to represent the two time partitions, with each time partition including one or more simultaneous feature blocks (RBs) (also called physical RBs (PRBs)). The feature grid is divided into multiple feature elements (REs). In LTE, for a normal cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 7 consecutive symbols (for DL, OFDM symbols; for UL, SCFDMA symbols) in the time domain, for a total of 84 REs. For an extended cyclic prefix, an RB contains 12 consecutive subcarriers in the frequency domain and 6 consecutive symbols in the time domain, for a total of 72 REs.The number of bits carried by each RE depends on the modulation scheme.

[0048] As illustrated in Figure 2A, some of the REs carry DL (pilot) reference signals (DL-RS) for channel estimation in the UE. DL-RS may include cell-specific reference signals (CRS) (also sometimes called RS), UE-specific reference signals (UE-RS), and channel state information reference signals (CSI-RS). Figure 2A illustrates CRS for antenna ports 0, 1, 2, and 3 (indicated Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 23 / 226 19 / 97 as R0, R1, R2, and R3, respectively), UE-RS for antenna port 5 (shown as R5) and CSI-RS for antenna port 15 (shown as R). Figure 2B illustrates an example of multiple channels within a DL subframe of a frame. The physical control format indicator channel (PCFICH) is located within symbol 0 of partition 0, and carries a control format indicator (CFI) that indicates whether the physical downlink control channel (PDCCH) occupies 1, 2, or 3 symbols (Figure 2B illustrates a PDCCH occupying 3 symbols). The PDCCH carries downlink control information (DCI) within one or more channel elements (CCEs), with each CCE including nine RE groups (REGs), and each REG including four consecutive REs in an OFDM symbol. An UE can be configured with an advanced UE-specific PDCCH (ePDCCH) that also ports DCI. The ePDCCH can have 2, 4, or 8 pairs of RBs (Figure 2B shows two pairs of RBs, each subset including one pair of RBs).The Physical Hybrid Automatic Repeat Request (HARQ) indicator channel (PHICH) is also located within symbol 0 of partition 0 and carries the HARQ (HI) indicator which indicates HARQ acknowledgment (ACK) / negative acknowledgment (NACK) feedback based on the Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH). The Primary Synchronization Channel (PSCH) is located within symbol 6 of partition 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries a Primary Synchronization Signal (PSS) which is used by a UE to determine subframe timing and a physical layer identity. The Secondary Synchronization Channel (SSCH) is located within symbol 5 of partition 0 within subframes 0 and 5 of a frame, and carries a signal. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 24 / 226 Secondary Synchronization (SSS) 20 / 97 is used by a UE to determine a physical layer cell identity group number. Based on the physical layer identity and the physical layer cell identity group number, the UE can determine a Physical Cell Identifier (PCI). Based on the PCI, the UE can determine the locations of the previously mentioned DL-RS. The Physical Broadcast Channel (PBCH) lies within symbols 0, 1, 2, 3 of partition 1 of subframe 0 of a frame, and carries a Master Information Block (MIB). The MIB provides several RBs in the DL system bandwidth, a PHICH configuration, and a System Frame Number (SFN). The Physical Downlink Shared Channel (PDSCH) carries user data, broadcast system information not transmitted through the PBCH, such as System Information Blocks (SIBs) and paging messages.

[0049] As illustrated in Figure 2C, some of the REs carry demodulation reference signals (DM-RS) for channel estimation in the eNB. The UE can additionally transmit sound reference signals (SRS) on the last symbol of a subframe. The SRS can have a comb structure, and a UE can transmit SRS on one of the combs. The SRS can be used by an eNB for channel quality estimation to enable frequency-dependent programming in the UL. Figure 2D illustrates an example of multiple channels within a UL subframe of a frame. A physical random access channel (PRACH) can be located in one or more subframes within a frame based on the PRACH configuration. The PRACH can include six consecutive RB pairs within a subframe. The PRACH allows the UE to perform the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 25 / 226 21 / 97 Initial system access and reach UL synchronization. A physical uplink control channel (PUCCH) may be located at the edges of the UL system bandwidth. The PUCCH carries uplink control (UCI) information, such as scheduling requests, a channel quality indicator (CQI), a precoding matrix indicator (PMI), a classification indicator (RI), and ACK / NACK HARQ feedback. The PUCCH carries data and may additionally be used to carry a temporary storage status report (BSR), a dynamic power reserve report (PHR), and / or UCI.

[0050] Figure 3 is a block diagram of an eNB 310 communicating with a UE 350 in an access network. In the DL, IP packets from the EPC 160 can be provided to a controller / processor 375. The controller / processor 375 implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality. Layer 3 includes a radio resource control (RRC) layer, and layer 2 includes a packet data convergence protocol (PDCP) layer, a radio link control (RLC) layer, and a medium access control (MAC) layer.The 375 controller / processor provides RR layer functionality associated with system information broadcasting (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connection control (e.g., RRC connection paging, RRC connection establishment, RRC connection modification, and RRC connection release), radio access technology (RAT) mobility, and measurement configuration for UE measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 26 / 226 22 / 97 (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification), and handover support functions; RLC layer functionality associated with the transfer of upper-layer packet data units (PDUs), error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC service data units (SDUs), resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs over transport blocks (TBs), demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, scheduling information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0051] The 316 transmit processor (TX) and the 370 receive processor (RX) implement Layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. Layer 1, which includes a physical layer (PHY), may include error detection in transport channels, forward error correction (FEC) encoding / decoding of transport channels, interleaving, rate matching, mapping to physical channels, modulation / demodulation of physical channels, and MIMO antenna processing. The 316 TX processor handles mapping to signal constellations based on various modulation schemes (e.g., binary phase-shift keying (BPSK), quadrature phase-shift keying (QPSK), M-phase-shift keying (M-PSK), M-quadrature amplitude modulation (M-QAM)). The encoded and modulated symbols can then be Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 27 / 226 23 / 97 divided into parallel streams. Each stream can then be mapped to an OFDM subcarrier, multiplexed with a reference signal (e.g., pilot) in the time and / or frequency domain, and then combined using an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT) to produce a physical channel carrying an OFDM symbol stream in the time domain. The OFDM stream is spatially precoded to produce multiple spatial streams. Channel estimates from a channel estimator 374 can be used to determine the coding and modulation scheme, as well as for spatial processing. The channel estimation can be derived from a reference signal and / or channel condition feedback transmitted by UE 350. Each spatial stream can then be supplied to a different antenna 320 via a separate transmitter 318TX. Each transmitter 318TX can modulate an RF carrier with a respective spatial stream for transmission.

[0052] In UE 350, each 354RX receiver receives a signal through its respective 352 antenna. Each 354RX receiver retrieves information modulated on an RF carrier and provides the information to the receiving processor (RX) 356. The TX processor 368 and the RX processor 356 implement layer 1 functionality associated with various signal processing functions. The RX processor 356 can perform spatial processing on the information to retrieve any spatial streams destined for UE 350. If multiple spatial streams are destined for UE 350, they can be combined by the RX processor 356 into a single OFDM symbol stream. The RX processor 356, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 28 / 226 24 / 97 then converts the OFDM symbol stream from the time domain to the frequency domain using a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT). The frequency domain signal comprises a separate OFDM symbol stream for each subcarrier of the OFDM signal. The symbols on each subcarrier, and the reference signal, are recovered and demodulated, determining the signal constellation points most likely transmitted by the eNB 310. These soft decisions can be based on channel estimates computed by the channel estimator 358. The soft decisions are then decoded and deinterleaved to recover the data and control signals that were originally transmitted by the eNB 310 on the physical channel. The data and control signals are then provided to the controller / processor 359, which implements layer 3 and layer 2 functionality.

[0053] The controller / processor 359 can be associated with a memory 360 that stores program codes and data. The memory 360 can be called a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the controller / processor 359 provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet assembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to retrieve IP packets from the EPC 160. The controller / processor 359 is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0054] Similar to the functionality described in conjunction with DL transmission by the eNB 310, the controller / processor 359 provides functionality of Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 29 / 226 25 / 97 RRC layer associated with system information acquisition (e.g., MIB, SIBs), RRC connections, and measurement reporting; PDCP layer functionality associated with header compression / decompression, security (encryption, decryption, integrity protection, integrity verification); RLC layer functionality associated with upper-layer PDU transfer, error correction via ARQ, concatenation, segmentation and reassembly of RLC SDUs, resegmentation of RLC data PDUs, and reordering of RLC data PDUs; and MAC layer functionality associated with mapping between logical channels and transport channels, multiplexing of MAC SDUs over TBs, demultiplexing of MAC SDUs from TBs, programming information reporting, error correction via HARQ, priority handling, and logical channel prioritization.

[0055] The channel estimates derived by a channel estimator 358 from a reference or feedback signal transmitted by the eNB 310 can be used by the processor TX 368 to select the appropriate coding and modulation schemes, and facilitate spatial processing. The spatial streams generated by the processor TX 368 can be provided to different antennas 352 via separate transmitters 354TX. Each transmitter 354TX can modulate an RF carrier with a corresponding spatial stream for transmission.

[0056] UL transmission is processed on the eNB 310 in a manner similar to that described in conjunction with the receiver function in UE 350. Each 318RX receiver receives a signal through its respective antenna 320. Each receiver Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 30 / 226 26 / 97 The 318RX retrieves information modulated on an RF carrier and provides the information to an RX 370 processor.

[0057] The 375 controller / processor can be associated with a 376 memory that stores program codes and data. The 376 memory can be referred to as a computer-readable medium. In the UL, the 375 controller / processor provides demultiplexing between transport and logical channels, packet reassembly, decryption, header decompression, and control signal processing to retrieve IP packets from the UE 350. IP packets from the 375 controller / processor can be provided to the EPC 160. The 375 controller / processor is also responsible for error detection using an ACK and / or NACK protocol to support HARQ operations.

[0058] Figure 4 is a diagram 400 that illustrates a base station 402 communicating with a UE 404. With reference to Figure 4, base station 402 can transmit a beamform signal to UE 404 in one or more of the following directions: 402a, 402b, 402c, 402d, 402e, 402f. 402g, 402h. UE 404 can receive the beamformed signal from base station 402 in one or more receiving directions 404a, 404b, 404c, 404d. UE 404 can also transmit a beamformed signal to base station 402 in one or more of the directions 404a-404d. The base station 402 can receive the beamforming signal from the UE. 404 in one or more of the 402a-402h reception directions. The 402 / UE 404 base station can perform beam training to determine the best reception and transmission directions for each of the 402 / UE 404 base stations. The transmission and reception directions for the base station. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 31 / 226 27 / 97 402 may or may not be the same. The transmission and reception directions for UE 404 may or may not be the same.

[0059] Wireless communication systems employing narrow bandwidths and high-frequency carriers are being developed and installed. A MMW system can be used for wireless communication at a high transmission rate. In MMW systems, when the carrier frequency is high (e.g., 28 GHz), path loss can be high. For example, the carrier frequency for MMW communication can be 10 times higher than a carrier frequency for other types of wireless communication. As a result, the MMW system may experience path loss that is approximately 20 dB higher than other types of communication systems employing lower frequency carriers. To mitigate path loss in MMW systems, a base station can perform transmissions in a directional manner, where transmissions are beamformed to direct the beam transmissions in different directions.

[0060] The use of a higher carrier frequency for wireless communication results in a shorter wavelength, which may allow a higher number of antennas to be implemented within a given antenna array length than the number of antennas that can be implemented when a lower carrier frequency is used. Therefore, a MMW system (which uses a high carrier frequency) can use a higher number of antennas at a base station and / or a UE. For example, the base station may have 128 or 256 Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 32 / 226 28 / 97 antennas and the UE can have 8, 16, or 24 antennas. With the higher number of antennas, a beamforming technique can be used to digitally alter the beam direction by applying different phases to the different antennas. Due to the fact that beamforming in a MMW system provides a narrow beam for increased gain, the base station can transmit the narrow beam in all directions while transmitting a synchronization signal to provide coverage across a wider area using multiple narrow beams.

[0061] A challenge in using beamforming for an MMW system stems from the directional nature of a beamformed beam. The directional nature of the beam means that a transmitting entity must point a beam from the transmitting entity directly at a receiving entity to provide more antenna receive gain at the receiving entity. For example, the base station must point the beam directly at the UE so that the beam direction from the base station aligns with the UE's location to provide more antenna receive gain at the UE. If the beam direction is not properly aligned, the antenna gain at the UE may be reduced (e.g., resulting in low SNR, high block error rates, etc.).Furthermore, when the UE enters the coverage area of ​​the MMW system and receives data transmitted from the base station via MMW, the base station must be able to determine the best beam (or beams) (e.g., the beam (or beams) with the highest signal strength) for MMW communication with the particular UE. In this way, the base station can transmit beam reference signals (BRSs). Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 33 / 226 29 / 97 in multiple directions (or all directions), so that the UE can identify the best beam from one or more beams received from the base station based on BRS measurements. In MMW communication, the base station can also transmit a primary synchronization signal (PSS), a secondary synchronization signal (SSS), an extended synchronization signal (ESS), and PBCH signals for synchronization and to broadcast system information. In MMW communication, such signals can be transmitted directionally through multiple beams to allow the UE to receive such synchronization and system information at various locations within the base station's coverage area.

[0062] If there are multiple antenna ports (multiple antenna arrays) at the base station, the base station can transmit multiple beams per symbol. For example, the base station can perform multi-directional scanning using multiple antenna ports in a cell-specific manner in a first symbol of the synchronization subframe. The base station can then perform multi-directional scanning using multiple antenna ports in a cell-specific manner in another symbol of the synchronization subframe. Each antenna port can include an array of antennas. For example, an antenna port that includes an array of antennas (e.g., 64 antennas) can transmit one beam, and several antenna ports can each transmit one beam, each in a different direction. Thus, if there are four antenna ports, the four antenna ports can perform scanning through four directions (e.g., 64 antennas). Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 34 / 226 30 / 97 example, transmitting four beams in four different directions).

[0063] Figures 5A and 5B are diagrams illustrating an example of beamforming signal transmission between a base station (BS) and a UE. The BS can be incorporated as a BS in a MMW system (MMW BS). With reference to Figure 5A, diagram 500 illustrates a BS 504 of an MMW system transmitting beamforming signals 506 (e.g., beam reference signals) in different transmission directions (e.g., directions A, B, C, and D). In one example, the BS 504 can scan through the transmission directions according to a sequence ABCD. In another example, the BS 504 can scan through the transmission directions according to the sequence BDAC. Although only four transmission directions and two transmission sequences are described in relation to Figure 5A, any number of different transmission directions and transmission sequences are contemplated.

[0064] The BS 504 can switch to a receive mode (for example, after transmitting signals). In receive mode, the BS 504 can scan through different receive directions in a corresponding sequence or pattern (or mapping) until a sequence or pattern is reached where the BS 504 previously transmitted synchronization / discovery signals in different transmit directions. For example, if the BS 504 previously transmitted synchronization / discovery signals in transmit directions according to the sequence ABCD, then the BS 504 can scan through receive directions according to Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 35 / 226 31 / 97 with the ABCD sequence, in an attempt to receive an association signal from a UE 502. In another example, if BS 504 previously transmitted synchronization / discovery signals in transmit directions according to the BDAC sequence, then BS 504 can scan through receive directions, according to the BDAC sequence, in an attempt to receive an association signal from UE 502.

[0065] A propagation delay in each signal formed by the beam allows a UE 502 to perform a receive sweep (RX). The UE 502 in a receive mode can sweep through different receive directions in an attempt to detect a 506 synchronization / discovery signal (see Figure 5B). One or more of the 506 synchronization / discovery signals can be detected by the UE 502. When a strong 506 synchronization / discovery signal is detected, the UE 502 can determine an ideal BS 504 transmission direction and an ideal UE 502 reception direction that corresponds to the strong synchronization / discovery signal. For example, UE 502 can determine preliminary antenna weights / directions of the strong synchronization / discovery signal 506, and can additionally determine a time and / or feature at which BS 504 is expected to ideally receive a beamformed signal (with high signal strength).Subsequently, UE 502 may attempt to associate with BS 504 via a beamforming signal.

[0066] BS 504 can scan through a plurality of directions using gates in a specific cell manner in a first symbol of a subframe Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 36 / 226 32 / 97 synchronization. For example, BS 504 can scan through a plurality of different transmission directions (e.g., directions A, B, C, and D) using four cell-specific manner gates in a first symbol of a synchronization subframe. In one aspect, these different transmission directions (e.g., directions A, B, C, and D) can be considered thick beam directions. In one aspect, a beam reference signal (BRS) can be transmitted in different transmission directions (e.g., directions A, B, C, and D).

[0067] In one aspect, the BS 504 can scan the four different transmission directions (e.g., directions A, B, C, and D) in a cell-specific manner using four gates in a second symbol of a synchronization subframe. A synchronization beam can occur in a second symbol of the synchronization subframe.

[0068] With reference to diagram 520 of Figure 5B, the UE 502 can listen for discovery signals formed by beams in different reception directions (e.g., directions E, F, G, and H). In one example, the UE 502 can scan across the reception directions according to the sequence EFGH. In another example, the UE 502 can scan across the reception directions according to the sequence FHEJ. Although only four reception directions and two reception sequences are described in relation to Figure 5B, any number of reception directions and different reception sequences are contemplated.

[0069] EU 502 may attempt association with Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 37 / 226 33 / 97 BS 504 transmitting signals formed by 526 beams (e.g., association signals or other indication of a better thick beam or a better thin beam) in different transmission directions (e.g., directions E, F, G, and H). In one aspect, UE 502 can transmit a 526 association signal by transmitting along the ideal reception direction of UE 502 at the time / feature when BS 504 is expected to ideally receive the association signal. BS 504 in reception mode can scan through different reception directions and detect the 526 association signal from UE 502 during one or more time partitions that correspond to a reception direction. When a strong 526 association signal is detected, BS 504 can determine an ideal transmission direction of UE 502 and an ideal reception direction of BS 504 that corresponds to the strong association signal.For example, the BS 504 can determine preliminary antenna weights / directions of the strong association signal 526, and can further determine a time and / or feature at which the UE 502 is expected to optimally receive a beamformed signal. Any of the processes discussed above in relation to Figures 5A and 5B can be refined or repeated, so that the UE 502 and the BS 504 eventually learn the most ideal reception and transmission directions to establish a link with each other. Such refinement and repetition can be called beam training.

[0070] In one aspect, the BS 504 can choose a sequence or pattern to transmit the synchronization / discovery signals, according to various beamforming directions. The BS 504 can then transmit the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 38 / 226 34 / 97 signals for a sufficient amount of time for the UE 502 to scan through various beamforming directions in an attempt to detect a synchronization / discovery signal. For example, a BS beamforming direction can be indicated by n, where n is an integer from 0 to N, where N is the maximum number of transmit directions. Furthermore, a UE beamforming direction can be indicated by k, where k is an integer from 0 to K, where K is the maximum number of receive directions. When the UE 502 detects a synchronization / discovery signal from the BS 504, the UE 502 can see that the strongest synchronization / discovery signal is received when the UE 502 beamforming direction is k = 2 and the BS 504 beamforming direction is n = 3.Consequently, the UE 502 can use the same antenna weights / directions to respond (transmit a beamforming signal) to the BS 504 in a corresponding response time partition. That is, the UE 502 can send a signal to the BS 504 using the UE 502 beamforming direction k = 2 during a time partition when the BS 504 is expected to perform a receive sweep in the BS 504 beamforming direction n = 3.

[0071] Path loss can be relatively high in MMW systems. Transmission can be directional to mitigate path loss. A base station can transmit one or more beam reference signals by scanning in all directions so that a user equipment (UE) can identify a better “coarse” beam. Additionally, the base station can transmit a beam refinement request signal. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 39 / 226 35 / 97 so that the UE can track thin beams. If a thick beam identified by the UE changes, the UE may need to inform the base station so that the base station can train one or more new thin beams for the UE.

[0072] In several respects, a base station may transmit a beam reference signal (BRS) by scanning in all directions so that a user equipment (UE) can determine the index or identifier (ID) of a thicker beam. The base station may additionally transmit a beam refinement request signal so that the UE can track thinner beams. The UE may signal a thinner beam to the base station. The base station and UE may need to continuously refresh and / or recover to sustain a communication link.

[0073] In Figure 5A and Figure 5B, base station 504 and UE 502 can perform scanning through four directions using four ports in a cell-specific manner in the first symbol of the synchronization subframe. These directions can be considered thick beam directions. In one aspect, a BRS can be included in a first symbol. In another aspect, base station 504 and UE 502 can perform scanning through four different directions in a cell-specific manner using four ports in the second symbol of the synchronization subframe. Note that although the beams are shown in adjacent positions, the beams transmitted during the same symbol may not be adjacent.

[0074] Figures 6A to 6D are diagrams that Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 40 / 226 Figures 36 / 97 illustrate an example of beamforming signal transmission between a base station (BS) and a UE. BS 604 can be incorporated as a BS in a MMW system (MMW BS). Although some beams are shown as adjacent to each other, this arrangement may differ in several respects (for example, beams transmitted during the same symbol may not be adjacent to each other).

[0075] In one aspect, a beamset can contain eight different beams. For example, Figure 6A illustrates eight beams 621, 622, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628 for eight directions. In the aspects, BS 604 can be configured to form beams of at least one of the beams 621, 623, 624, 625, 626, 627, 628, for transmission towards UE 602.

[0076] In one aspect, a BS can transmit a first tracking signal (e.g., a BRS) in a plurality of directions during a synchronization subframe. In one aspect, the transmission of the first tracking signal can be cell-specific. With reference to Figure 6B, BS 604 can transmit beams 621, 623, 625, 627 in four directions. In one aspect, the beams 621, 625, 627 transmitted in the four directions can be odd indexed beams 621, 623, 625, 627 for the four directions out of eight possible directions for the beamset. For example, BS 604 may have the capacity to transmit beams 621, 623, 625, 627 in directions adjacent to other beams 622, 624, 626, 628 that BS 604 is configured to transmit. In one aspect, the configuration in which BS 604 transmits the odd-numbered indexed beams 621, 623, 625, 627 in all four directions may be Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 41 / 226 37 / 97 considered a set of thick beams.

[0077] In Figure 6C, UE 602 can determine a beam index that is stronger or preferred (e.g., a beam index indicating the best beam). For example, UE 602 can determine that beam 625 carrying a BRS is the stronger or preferred beam (e.g., with a higher signal strength). UE 602 can transmit a 660 indication of the beam index of beam 625 to BS 604. In one aspect, the 660 indication can include a request to transmit a second tracking signal (e.g., a beam refinement reference signal (BRRS)). The BRRS can be UE-specific.

[0078] In Figure 6D, BS 604 can transmit a second tracking signal (e.g., a BRRS) based on the beam index included in indication 660. For example, UE 602 can indicate that a first beam 625 is the strongest beam (or preferred beam), and in response, BS 604 can transmit a plurality of beams 624, 625, 626 to UE 602 based on the indicated beam index received from UE. In one aspect, the beams 524, 625, 626 transmitted based on the indicated beam index can be considered a thin beam set. In one aspect, a BRRS can be transmitted on each of the beams 624, 626 of the thin beam set. In one aspect, the beams 624, 625, 626 of the thin beam set can be adjacent.

[0079] Based on one or more BRRSs received on beams 624, 625, 626 of the thin beam array, UE 602 can transmit a second indication 665 to BS 604 Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 42 / 226 38 / 97 indicates a better thin beam. In one aspect, the second indication 665 can use 2 bits to indicate the selected beam. For example, the 2 bits can be used to express a binary number, where each of the beams corresponds to a particular binary number. For example, UE 602 can transmit an indication 665 indicating the selected beam 625. BS 604 can then communicate with UE 602 using the active beam 625.

[0080] As discussed above, the UE can select the best beam (e.g., the beam providing the highest signal strength) from the base station, and can transmit an indication of the selected beam to the base station so that the base station can communicate with the UE using the selected beam. After selecting the beam to transmit a signal from the base station to the UE (the active beam), the best beam (e.g., the beam providing the highest signal strength) from a base station to a UE can change over time. For example, due to changes in network conditions, after some time has elapsed, the selected beam may no longer be the best beam to communicate with the UE. Thus, the base station may transmit a BRS in multiple directions (or all directions) periodically.In one aspect, based on BRS reception, if the UE determines that another beam in a given direction used to transmit the BRS is better than the current beam (for example, providing a higher signal strength than the current beam), then the UE can determine that the base station should change the beam from the current beam to another beam. To change to another beam, the UE can use the... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 43 / 226 39 / 97 beam selection process, as discussed above, which involves beam refinement based on a set of coarse beams. When the UE determines that the base station should switch from a current beam to a second beam, the UE may transmit to the base station an indication of the determination that the base station should switch from the current beam to the second beam. In response, the base station may determine whether to switch to the second beam (e.g., based on network conditions). In one aspect, when the UE informs the base station of the beam change request, the base station may decide not to switch from the current beam to the second beam if the second beam interferes with a neighboring base station.

[0081] In another aspect, the base station can determine whether to switch from the current beam to another beam if it receives an indication from the UE that the base station should switch from the current beam to another beam. In particular, if the base station has beam reciprocity, the base station can observe a reference signal or use another type of uplink beam scanning procedure and decide whether the base station should switch from the current beam to another beam to communicate with the UE.

[0082] If the base station determines that changing from the current beam to the second beam is appropriate (e.g., does not interfere with a neighboring base station), the base station may send a beam change instruction to the UE (e.g., via PDCCH) to indicate that the base station would change from the current beam to the second beam. In one aspect, a portion (e.g., Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 44 / 226 40 / 97 specific bits) of DCI included in the PDCCH can be used to transmit the beam change instruction to indicate whether the base station will change from the current beam to the second beam. If the UE receives the beam change instruction indicating that the base station will change from the current beam to the second beam, the UE can change to a corresponding UE beam in response to the beam change instruction.

[0083] The base station can confirm that the UE received the beam change instruction. In one aspect, if the base station cannot confirm that the UE received the beam change instruction, the base station may not change the current beam to the second beam. According to one aspect of the disclosure, if the base station does not determine that the UE received the beam change instruction, the base station may select a fallback beam that the base station can use to communicate with the UE. The fallback beam may be a receive beam and / or a transmit beam at the base station. In one aspect, the UE may select a corresponding UE beam that the UE can use to communicate with the base station using the fallback beam. The corresponding UE beam at the UE may be a receive beam and / or a transmit beam at the UE. In one aspect, the base station may indicate to the UE that the base station has selected the fallback beam.

[0084] Figure 7 is an illustrative diagram 700 that illustrates an interaction between a user device (e.g., UE 702) and a base station (e.g., base station 704), according to one aspect of the revelation. Before 710, base station 704 can be Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 45 / 226 41 / 97 communicate with UE 702 using a current beam from base station 704 (e.g., a beam selected to communicate with UE). The current beam can be a current receive beam and / or a current transmit beam at the base station. UE 702 can use a first UE beam to communicate with base station 704 using the current beam. In 710, base station 704 and / or UE 702 can determine that a second beam is not the best beam that the base station can use instead of the current beam, and can additionally determine a fallback beam that base station 704 can use to communicate with UE 702. Thus, in one aspect, the fallback beam can be a predefined beam. In 712, UE 702 informs base station 712 that the base station should switch from the current beam to the second beam (for example, by sending a beam change request to switch from the current beam to the second beam).The second beam can be a second receive beam and / or the second transmit beam at the base station. In response, base station 704 determines whether to switch from the current beam to the second beam. In response, if base station 704 determines to switch to the second beam, base station 704 generates a beam change instruction to indicate that base station 704 will switch the beam to the second beam. In response, base station 704 sends the beam change instruction to UE 702.

[0085] On 720, base station 704 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction. For example, base station 704 can determine that the UE has received the beam change instruction if the UE sends an ACK in response to the beam change instruction. On 721, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 46 / 226 42 / 97 UE 702 can determine if UE has received the beam change instruction. In one aspect, if UE 702 has successfully received the beam change instruction, UE 702 can switch to a second UE beam, especially if the second UE beam is more aligned with the second beam of base station 704 than the first UE beam. In 722, if base station 704 determines that UE has received the beam change instruction, base station 704 switches to the second beam. In 722, if base station 704 does not determine that UE has received the beam change instruction (for example, due to the fact that the base station did not receive the instruction, or the ACK is lost, or because the base station received a NACK), base station 704 can switch to the fallback beam.

[0086] In one aspect, on 724, UE 702 can determine if UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 (for example, after the base station sends the beam change instruction on 718). In one aspect, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 fails to communicate with the base station using the second UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction. In one aspect, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction (and fails to communicate with base 704 using the first UE beam). In one respect, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 does not determine that base station 704 Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 47 / 226 43 / 97 received a successful ACK of the beam change instruction after UE 702 transmitted the ACK to base station 704. If UE 702 determines on 724 that UE 702 lost communication with base station 704, UE 702 may determine that the base station is not configured with the second beam. On 726, UE 702 may select the UE beam to communicate with base station 704. In one aspect, on 726, after determining that the base station is not configured with the second base station beam, UE 702 may select a third UE beam to communicate with base station 704 using the fallback beam. In one aspect, the third UE beam may be the first UE beam.

[0087] At least one of several approaches can be used for the base station to determine whether the UE has received the beam change instruction or not. According to one approach, the base station can determine that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the base station receives a NACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction. Therefore, when the base station receives a NACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, the base station selects a fallback beam to communicate with the UE. The base station can switch to the fallback beam when a certain duration of time (e.g., time t1) expires after receiving the NACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction. Time t1 can be equal to a duration equivalent to approximately 10 partitions (5 ms). For example, the base station can send the beam change instruction in the DCIs for a link lease. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 48 / 226 44 / 97 downlink or DCI for an uplink grant, and the UE can respond by transmitting an ACK (to indicate that the UE received the beam change instruction) or a NACK (to indicate that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction). When the base station receives an ACK, the base station can confirm that the UE received the beam change instruction. Bits can be reserved in the PDCCH for DCI for a downlink grant and / or DCI for an uplink grant. A downlink transmission and / or an uplink transmission can occur in the (n+k)th subframe and a beam change can occur in the (n+k')th subframe, where k' > k.That is, the UE can receive the beam change instruction included in at least one of the DCIs for a downlink lease or DCI for an uplink lease in the nth subframe and then transmit an ACK if the UE received the beam change instruction in the (n+k)th subframe, so that the base station can change the beam in the (n+k')th subframe, where k' is greater than k.

[0088] According to another approach, the base station can determine that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if there is a state disconnection between the base station and the UE. The state disconnection between the base station and the UE can exist when the base station does not receive a response (e.g., an ACK or a NACK) from the UE (e.g., in response to the beam change instruction or any other message sent from the base station requesting a response). For example, due to the state disconnection between the base station Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 49 / 226 45 / 97 and the UE, the base station may not be able to receive a response (e.g., ACK) from the UE, regardless of whether the UE sends the response. Thus, when in state disconnection, the base station and the UE may not be able to communicate with each other. Therefore, when there is a state disconnection between the base station and the If the UE (Unidade de Emergência - Emergency Examination) is detected, the base station can determine that the UE has not received the beam change instruction and therefore selects a fallback beam to communicate with the UE. The base station can switch to the fallback beam when a certain duration of time (e.g., time t1) expires after determining the state disconnection between the base station and the UE.

[0089] According to another approach, the base station can determine that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the base station and the UE are unable to communicate using the second beam indicated by the beam change instruction for a certain duration of time (e.g., time t2) after sending the beam change instruction. For example, even if the base station receives an ACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, when the base station switches to a new beam indicated in the beam change instruction, the base station and the UE may be unable to communicate with each other using the new beam (e.g., due to errors caused by the UE's movement). In one aspect, time t2 may be greater than time t1.

[0090] In one aspect, when communication using the fallback beam fails to the base station and / or the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 50 / 226 46 / 97 The UE, the UE, and / or the base station can initiate a beam recovery procedure. The beam recovery procedure can be based on a Random Access Channel (RACH) signal and / or a beam recovery request. For example, after the base station switches to the fallback beam, if the base station does not receive a NACK or an ACK, or does not receive any response or communication from the UE for a certain duration of time (e.g., time t3), the base station can assume that the fallback beam is not functioning. The base station can signal the UE to inform it that the fallback beam is not functioning. According to one approach to the beam recovery procedure, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station to indicate a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE.In one aspect, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. The RACH signal can be transmitted via a contention-based mechanism and / or a contention-free mechanism, wherein the contention-based mechanism can use contention-based preambles to transmit the RACH signal and the contention-free mechanism can use contention-free preambles to transmit the RACH signal. In another aspect, the feature selection for the RACH signal can be based on a feature of a downlink synchronization signal block. In such an aspect, the base station can use a beam associated with the selected feature of the downlink synchronization signal block as a recovery beam for itself. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 51 / 226 47 / 97 communicate with the UE. For example, the base station can transmit a downlink synchronization signal to the UE in a particular direction according to the beam associated with a downlink synchronization signal block feature, and can receive a RACH signal in response to that particular direction to indicate a recovery beam to the base station. The UE's transmission time of the RACH signal can be based on the downlink synchronization signal. Thus, when the UE is transmitting a RACH signal, the UE can select a feature for the RACH signal based on the downlink synchronization signal feature.

[0091] According to another approach to the beam recovery procedure, the UE can transmit a beam recovery request to the base station to indicate a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE. In one aspect, the UE can transmit the beam recovery request to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, the beam recovery request can be transmitted via a RACH subframe. For example, in a RACH subframe, a total amount of resources (e.g., specified in frequency bands or time / frequency blocks) can be divided into two parts, where the first part is used to transmit RACH signals, and the second part is used to transmit a beam recovery request (e.g., via a scheduling request (SR)). In one aspect, resource selection for Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 52 / 226 48 / 97 The beam recovery request may be based on a feature of a downlink synchronization signal block. In such a respect, the base station may use a beam associated with the selected feature of the downlink synchronization signal block as a recovery beam to communicate with the UE.

[0092] The following approaches can be used to define a fallback beam for the base station. In one aspect, the base station and the UE can define a fallback beam from among multiple candidate fallback beams. For example, the base station may have several candidate fallback beams that the base station can use for transmission to the UE, and the UE may have several candidate UE beams that the UE can use for reception from the base station. The UE can perform signal quality measurements for each pair of beams including one of the base station's candidate fallback beams and one of the UE's candidate UE beams.For example, the UE can perform signal quality measurements based on the signal quality of the communication from the base station to the UE (e.g., based on the signal quality of a reference signal from the base station using the candidate fallback beams) and / or the signal quality of the communication from the UE to the base station using each pair of beams (e.g., based on the signal quality of a reference signal to the base station using the candidate fallback beams). For example, if there are three candidate fallback beams (fallback beams 1, 2, and 3) and two candidate UE beams (UE beams 1 and 2), then there are six pairs of beams. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 53 / 226 49 / 97 possible beams (e.g., candidate fallback beam 1 and candidate UE beam 1, candidate fallback beam 2 and candidate UE beam 1, candidate fallback beam 3 and candidate UE beam 1, candidate fallback beam 1 and candidate UE beam 2, candidate fallback beam 2 and candidate UE beam 2, candidate fallback beam 3 and candidate UE beam 2). Signal quality measurement can be based on a signal-to-noise ratio, a received signal-to-reception power (RSRP) value, etc. Based on the measurement of each beam pair, the UE selects the best candidate fallback beam from the base station as a fallback beam that the base station can use to communicate with the UE, and the best candidate UE beam from the UE as a UE beam to communicate with the base station using the fallback beam.When the UE selects the base station's fallback beam, the UE indicates the base station's fallback beam to the base station (for example, by transmitting a beam identifier from the fallback beam). In one aspect, the UE and the base station can determine the base station's fallback beam before generating the beam change instruction.

[0093] In another aspect, an UE can measure the quality of candidate beams (e.g., reference beams) used by the base station to transmit the reference signal(s) to the UE, where the quality of each candidate beam is measured based on the reference signal(s), and can subsequently send a measurement report of the candidate beam quality measurements to the base station, so that the base station can select a fallback beam from among the multiple ones. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 54 / 226 50 / 97 candidate beams based on the measurement report. For example, the base station can send reference signals using multiple candidate beams in different directions. Thus, for each candidate beam with a corresponding direction, the base station can periodically send reference signals, and the UE can measure the quality of the reference signals and periodically feed back a measurement report of the reference signal quality for each beam to the base station. Then, the base station can select a beam from among the multiple candidate beams receiveable by the UE to communicate with the UE based on the measurement report.The reference signal quality measurement report may include information on at least one of the following: a beam identifier for each candidate beam, a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) for each candidate beam, a signal-to-interference plus noise ratio (SINR) for each candidate beam, a received signal power (RSRP) for each candidate beam, a received signal quality (RSRQ), a received signal strength indicator (RSSI) for each candidate beam, or a channel quality indicator (CQI) for each candidate beam. In one aspect, the reference signal may include one or more of the following: an SSS, a BRS, a mobility reference signal, a channel situation information reference signal (CSI-RS), and a demodulation reference signal (DMRS) for a PBCH signal.In one aspect, the base station can specify (for example, for the UE) a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams when the UE measures the reference signal. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 55 / 226 In particular, under 51 / 97, the base station may request that the UE try different UE beams (e.g., based on the UE beam pattern) when the base station is transmitting the reference signal, so that the UE can find a UE beam that provides the best signal quality (e.g., a UE beam with the highest signal strength) when used with a fallback beam from the base station. In one aspect, the fallback beam may be a wide beam at the base station and / or may be a pseudo-omni beam (e.g., a beam with a 120-degree angular bandwidth) at the UE. In another aspect, the fallback beam may be the current working beam (e.g., the current beam before beam switching).

[0094] In one aspect, the fallback beam can be defined before the beam change instruction is transmitted. The fallback beam can be updated (e.g., reset) by the base station and / or the UE) over time. For example, the fallback beam can be periodically updated (e.g., using the approaches to define the fallback beam as discussed above).

[0095] In one respect, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam may have different values ​​from the parameters for communication using other beams (e.g., current beam, second beam). For example, the fallback beam may be more resistant to device mobility (e.g., UE mobility) than the first beam or the second beam. Therefore, the fallback beam may have a wider beamwidth than other beams (e.g., covering, thus Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 56 / 226 52 / 97 mode, a wider angular region) and may have lower coverage in terms of distance (e.g., covering a smaller geographical distance). In one aspect, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam may include at least one uplink power control offset, or aggregation level on a downlink control channel. In one example, a fallback beam may have a higher uplink power control offset. Due to the fact that downlink communication using a fallback beam may have lower linkage, a corresponding uplink power control offset of the fallback beam may be higher than an uplink power control offset of other beams.In uplink communication using a fallback beam, the uplink transmission power can be higher, but the beamwidth can be wider, and thus the linking remains unchanged. For example, the aggregation level on a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for the fallback beam can be higher than the aggregation level on a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for other beams. In one aspect, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam can be configured by RRC signaling and / or by a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or can be reconfigured if the fallback beam changes to another fallback beam or if fallback beam properties change.

[0096] Figure 8 is a flowchart 800 of a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 57 / 226 53 / 97 wireless communication method. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 102, base station 704, device 1002 / 1002'). In 802, the base station can continue to perform additional features, as discussed below. In 804, the base station determines the change from a first beam to a second beam. In 806, the base station transmits a beam change instruction to an UE to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, in 714, base station 704 determines whether to change from the current beam to the second beam.For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, in 716, if base station 704 determines the change to the second beam, base station 704 generates a beam change instruction to indicate that base station 704 will change the beam to the second beam, and in 718, base station 704 sends the beam change instruction to UE 702.

[0097] In 808, the base station determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, in 720, base station 704 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction. In 810, the base station selects a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, where the third beam is a predefined fallback beam. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, in 722, if base station 704 does not determine that the UE has received the beam change instruction (e.g., due to the fact that the base station did not receive it due to the UE that Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 58 / 226 If 54 / 97 does not receive the instruction or the ACK is lost (or because the base station received a NACK), base station 704 can switch to the fallback beam.

[0098] In one aspect, the base station can determine whether the UE received the beam change instruction by: determining if a NACK is received from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, and determining that the E did not receive the beam change instruction if the NACK is received. In this respect, the third beam is selected when a first duration expires after receiving the NACK. For example, as discussed above, the base station can determine that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the base station receives a NACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction. For example, as discussed above, the base station can switch to the fallback beam when a certain duration of time (e.g., time t1) expires after receiving the NACK from the UE in response to the beam change instruction.

[0099] In another aspect, the base station can determine if the UE received the beam change instruction by: determining if the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection, and determining that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection. In this aspect, the third beam can be selected when a first duration expires after determining that the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection. In this aspect, the UE and the base station may be in a state disconnection if the base station did not receive an acknowledgment from the UE in response to the beam change instruction. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 59 / 226 55 / 97 regardless of whether the UE sent confirmation or not. For example, as discussed above, the base station can determine that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if there is a state disconnection between the base station and the UE. For example, as discussed above, the base station can switch to the fallback beam when a certain duration of time (e.g., time t1) expires after determining the state disconnection between the base station and the UE. For example, as discussed above, the state disconnection between the base station and the UE can exist when the base station does not receive a response (e.g., an ACK or a NACK) from the UE (e.g., in response to the beam change instruction or any other message sent from the base station requesting a response).

[0100] In another aspect, the base station can determine whether the UE received the beam change instruction by: determining whether the base station and the UE have the capability to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least one second duration, and determining that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the base station does not have the capability to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least one second duration. For example, as discussed above, the base station can determine that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the base station and the UE do not have the capability to communicate using the second beam indicated by the beam change instruction for a given duration of time (e.g., time t2) after sending the beam change instruction. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 60 / 226 56 / 97

[0101] In one aspect, the first beam may be at least one of a first transmit beam or a first receive beam, the second beam may be at least one of a second transmit beam or a second receive beam, and the fallback beam may be at least one of a fallback transmit beam or a fallback receive beam. For example, as discussed above, the current beam may be a current receive beam and / or a current transmit beam at the base station, the second beam may be a second receive beam and / or a second transmit beam at the base station, and the fallback beam may be a receive beam and / or a transmit beam at the base station.

[0102] In one aspect, a parameter value for a third beam parameter may be different from a parameter value for at least one of the first beam or second beam parameters. For example, as discussed above, parameters for communication using the fallback beam may have different values ​​from parameters for communication using other beams (e.g., current beam, second beam). In another aspect, third beam parameters may include at least one of an uplink power control offset or aggregation level on a downlink control channel. In such an aspect, the third beam parameter may reflect at least one of the following: an uplink power control offset of the third beam that is greater than an uplink power control offset of the second beam, or an aggregation level on a control channel for the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 61 / 226 57 / 97 third beam that is higher than an aggregation level on a downlink control channel for the second beam. For example, as discussed above, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam may include at least one of an uplink power control offset, or an aggregation level on a downlink control channel. For example, as discussed above, a fallback beam may have a higher uplink power control offset. For example, as discussed above, the aggregation level on a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for the fallback beam may be higher than the aggregation level on a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for other beams. In one aspect, the third beam parameter may be configured via at least one of an RRC signaling or a downlink control channel.In one aspect, the third beam parameter can be updated as the fallback beam is updated over time. For example, as discussed above, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam can be configured by RRC signaling and / or by a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or can be reconfigured if the fallback beam changes to another fallback beam or if fallback beam properties change.

[0103] In one aspect, the third beam is at least one of the following: a beam with a beamwidth wider than the beamwidth of the second beam, or a pseudo-omnidirectional beam in the UE. For example, as Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 62 / 226 58 / 97 discussed above, the fallback beam can be a wide beam at the base station and / or it can be a pseudo-omni beam (e.g., a beam with a 120-degree angular bandwidth) at the UE. In one aspect, the third beam is the same as the first beam. For example, as discussed above, the fallback beam can be the current working beam (e.g., the current beam before beam switching).

[0104] In one aspect, under 812, the base station may determine that communication with the UE using the third beam fails. In such an aspect, under 804, the base station may perform a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails. For example, as discussed above, when communication using the fallback beam fails to the base station and / or the UE, the UE and / or the base station may initiate a beam recovery procedure. In one aspect, the beam recovery procedure may be based on at least one of a beam recovery request or a RACH. For example, as discussed above, the beam recovery procedure may be based on a RACH signal and / or a beam recovery request.

[0105] In one aspect, the base station can perform the beam recovery procedure by: receiving, from the UE, a RACH signal indicating the fourth beam, and selecting the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the RACH signal. For example, as discussed above, according to one approach, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station indicating a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 63 / 226 59 / 97 can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE. In one aspect, the RACH signal can be received if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. For example, as discussed above, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In another aspect, a resource to receive the RACH signal can be selected based on a resource of a downlink synchronization signal block. For example, as discussed above, the base station can use a beam associated with the selected resource of the downlink synchronization signal block as a recovery beam to communicate with the UE.

[0106] In one aspect, the base station can perform the beam recovery procedure by: receiving, from the UE, a beam recovery request indicating the fourth beam, and selecting the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the beam recovery request. For example, as discussed above, according to another approach, the UE can transmit a beam recovery request to the base station to indicate a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE. In one aspect, the beam recovery request can be received if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. For example, as discussed above, the UE can transmit the beam recovery request to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, the beam recovery request Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 64 / 226 60 / 97 can be received in a RACH subframe. For example, as discussed above, the beam recovery request can be transmitted via a RACH subframe. In one aspect, a resource to receive the beam recovery request can be selected based on a resource of a downlink synchronization signal block. For example, as discussed above, the resource selection for the beam recovery request can be based on a resource of a downlink synchronization signal block.

[0107] Figure 9A is a 900 flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the 800 flowchart in Figure 8. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 102, base station 704, device 1002 / 1002'). In 902, the base station transmits at least one reference signal to the UE using a plurality of candidate beams. In 904, the base station receives a third beam indication from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams.For example, as discussed above, the UE can perform signal quality measurements based on the signal quality of the communication from the base station to the UE (e.g., based on the signal quality of the communication of a reference signal from the base station using candidate fallback beams) and / or the signal quality of the communication from the UE to the base station using each pair of beams (e.g., based on the signal quality of the communication of a reference signal). Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 65 / 226 61 / 97 for the base station as use of candidate fallback beams). For example, as discussed above, based on the measurement of each beam pair, the UE selects the best candidate fallback beam from the base station as a fallback beam that the base station can use to communicate with the UE. When the UE selects the base station's fallback beam, the UE indicates to the base station the base station's fallback beam (e.g., by transmitting a beam identifier identifier of the fallback beam). In 802, the base station continues to perform the features of flowchart 800 of Figure 8.

[0108] Figure 9B is a 950 flowchart of a wireless communication method, which expands upon the 800 flowchart in Figure 8. The method can be implemented by a base station (e.g., base station 102, base station 704, device 1002 / 1002'). In 952, the base station transmits at least one reference signal to the UE using a plurality of candidate beams. In 954, the base station receives a signal quality report from the UE for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on the at least one reference signal. In 956, the base station selects one beam from the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam based on the signal quality report.For example, as discussed above, an UE can measure the quality of candidate beams (e.g., reference beams) used by the base station to transmit the reference signal(s) to the UE, where the quality of each candidate beam is measured against the reference signal(s), and can then send it. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 66 / 226 62 / 97 subsequently a measurement report of the quality measurements of candidate beams for the base station, so that the base station can select a fallback beam from among the multiple candidate beams based on the measurement report. In one aspect, the signal quality report comprises information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR for each candidate beam, a SINR for each candidate beam, an RSRP for each candidate beam, an RSRQ, an RSSI for each candidate beam, or a CQI for each candidate beam. For example, as discussed above, the measurement report of the quality of the reference signals may include information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR for each candidate beam, a SINR for each candidate beam, an RSRP for each candidate beam, an RSRQ, an RSSI for each candidate beam, or a CQI for each candidate beam.In one aspect, the at least one reference signal includes at least one of a secondary synchronization signal, a beam reference signal, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS, and a demodulation reference signal for a physical broadcast channel signal. For example, as discussed above, the reference signal may include one or more of an SSS, a BRS, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS, and a DMRS for a PBCH signal.

[0109] In 958, in one aspect, the base station can transmit, to the UE, a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, where the signal quality report is additionally based on the pattern of Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 67 / 226 63 / 97 UE beam. For example, as discussed above, the base station can specify (e.g., to the UE) a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams when the UE measures the reference signal. For example, as discussed above, the base station can request that the UE try different UE beams (e.g., based on the UE beam pattern) when the base station is transmitting the reference signal, so that the UE can find a UE beam that provides the best signal quality (e.g., a UE beam with the highest signal strength) when used with a fallback beam from the base station. In 802, the base station continues to perform the features of flowchart 800 of Figure 8.

[0110] Figure 10 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1000 that illustrates the data flow between different media / components in an exemplary apparatus 1002. The apparatus may be a base station. The apparatus includes a receiving component 1004, a transmitting component 1006, a beam management component 1008 and a communication management component 1010.

[0111] Beam management component 1008 determines the change from a first beam to a second beam. Beam management component 1008 transmits, via communication management component 1010 and transmission component 1006, to a UE (e.g., UE 1030), a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam upon determination of the change to the second beam, on 1052, 1054 and 1056.

[0112] The beam management component Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 68 / 226 64 / 97 1008 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction (e.g., via the receiving component 1004 and the communication management component 1010, on 1058, 1060, and 1062). In one aspect, the beam management component 1008 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction by: determining if a NACK is received from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, and determining that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the NACK is received. In this aspect, the third beam is selected when a first duration expires after receiving the NACK.

[0113] In another aspect, beam management component 1008 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction by: determining whether the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection, and determining that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection. In this aspect, the third beam is selected when a first duration expires after determining that the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection. In this aspect, the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection if the base station has not received an acknowledgment from the UE in response to the beam change instruction regardless of whether the UE sent the acknowledgment or not.

[0114] In another aspect, the beam management component 1008 determines whether the UE has received the beam change instruction by: determining whether the base station and the UE have the capability to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least one second duration, and determining that the UE has not received the instruction to Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 69 / 226 65 / 97 beam change if the base stations are unable to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least the second duration.

[0115] The beam management component 1008 selects a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, wherein the third beam is a predefined fallback beam. In one aspect, the first beam is at least one of a first transmit beam or a first receive beam, the second beam is at least one of a second transmit beam or a second receive beam, and the fallback beam is at least one of a fallback transmit beam or a fallback receive beam.

[0116] In one aspect, a parameter value of a third beam parameter is different from a parameter value of at least one of the first / second beam parameters. In one aspect, the third beam parameter may include at least one of an uplink power control offset or aggregation level on a downlink control channel. In such an aspect, the third beam parameter may reflect at least one of the following: an uplink power control offset of the third beam that is greater than an uplink power control offset of the second beam, or an aggregation level on a control channel for the third beam that is higher than an aggregation level on a downlink control channel for the second beam. In one aspect, the third beam parameter may Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 70 / 226 66 / 97 can be configured via at least one of an RRC signaling or a downlink control channel. In one aspect, the third beam parameter can be updated as the fallback beam is updated over time.

[0117] In one aspect, the third beam is at least one of the following: a beam with a beamwidth wider than the beamwidth of the second beam, or a pseudo-omnidirectional beam in the UE. In another aspect, the third beam is equal to the first beam.

[0118] In one aspect, beam management component 1008 transmits, via communication management component 1010 and transmission component 1006, to the UE, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, at 1052, 1054 and 1056. Beam management component 1008 receives, via communication management component 1010 and reception component 1004, a third beam indication from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams, at 1058, 1060 and 1062.

[0119] In one aspect, beam management component 1008 transmits, via communication management component 1010 and transmission component 1006, to the UE, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, on 1052, 1054 and 1056. Beam management component 1008 receives, via communication management component 1010 and transmission component 1006, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, on 1052, 1054 and 1056. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 71 / 226 67 / 97 reception 1004, from the EU, a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal, on 1058, 1060 and 1062. The beam management component 1008 selects one beam from the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam based on the signal quality report. In one aspect, the signal quality report comprises information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR for each candidate beam, a SINR for each candidate beam, an RSRP for each candidate beam, an RSRQ, an RSSI for each candidate beam or a CQI for each candidate beam. In one aspect, the at least one reference signal includes at least one of a secondary synchronization signal, a beam reference signal, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS and a demodulation reference signal for a physical broadcast channel signal.

[0120] In one aspect, the beam management component 1008 can transmit, via the communication management component 1010 and the transmission component 1006, to the UE, a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is further based on the UE beam pattern, in 1052, 1054 and 1056.

[0121] In one aspect, beam management component 1008 determines that communication with the UE using the third beam fails. Beam management component 1008 performs a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 72 / 226 68 / 97 by determining that communication using the third beam fails. In one aspect, the beam recovery procedure is based on at least one of a beam recovery request or a RACH.

[0122] In one aspect, the 1008 beam management component can perform the beam recovery procedure by: receiving, from the UE, a random access channel (RACH) signal indicating the fourth beam, and selecting the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the RACH signal. In one aspect, the RACH signal is received if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, a resource to receive the RACH signal is selected based on a resource from a downlink synchronization signal block.

[0123] In one aspect, the beam management component 1008 can perform the beam recovery procedure by: receiving, from the UE, a beam recovery request indicating the fourth beam, and selecting the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the beam recovery request. In one aspect, the beam recovery request is received if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, the beam recovery request is received in a RACH subframe. In one aspect, a resource to receive the beam recovery request is selected based on a resource of a downlink synchronization signal block.

[0124] The apparatus may include additional components that perform each of the algorithm blocks in the flowcharts mentioned earlier in Figures 7 to 9. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 73 / 226 69 / 97 Thus, each block in the previously mentioned flowcharts in Figures 7 to 9 can be implemented by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the established processes / algorithms, implemented by a processor configured to perform the established processes / algorithms, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0125] Figure 11 is a diagram 1100 that illustrates an example of a hardware implementation for an appliance 1002' employing a processing system 1114. The processing system 1114 can be implemented with a bus architecture, usually represented by the bus 1124. The bus 1124 can include any number of interconnect buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the processing system 1114 and the general design constraints. The 1124 bus links several circuits that include one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 1104 processor, the 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010 components, and the 1106 computer-readable / memory medium. The 1124 bus can also link several other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[0126] The 1114 processing system can Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 74 / 226 70 / 97 to be coupled to a 1110 transceiver. The 1110 transceiver is coupled to one or more 1120 antennas. The 1110 transceiver provides a means to communicate with multiple devices through a transmission medium. Transceiver 1110 receives a signal from one or more antennas 1120, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1114, specifically the receiving component 1004. Additionally, transceiver 1110 receives information from the processing system 1114, specifically the transmitting component 1006, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 1120. The processing system 1114 includes a processor 1104 coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1106. The processor 1104 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1106.The software, when executed by the 1104 processor, causes the 1114 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 1106 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 1104 processor during software execution. The 1114 processing system additionally includes at least one of the components 1004, 1006, 1008, 1010. The components can be software components that run on the 1104 processor, resident / stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1106, one or more hardware components coupled to the 1104 processor, or some combination thereof. The 1114 processing system can be a... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 75 / 226 71 / 97 component of the eNB 310 and may include memory 37 6 and / or at least one of the following: TX 316 processor, RX 370 processor, and controller / processor 375.

[0127] In one setting, the device 1002 / 1002' (base station) for wireless communication includes means for determining the change from a first beam to a second beam, means for transmitting, to a UE, a beam change instruction to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam upon determining the change to the second beam, means for determining whether the UE received the beam change instruction, and means for selecting a third beam to communicate with the UE when the base station determines that the UE has not received the beam change instruction, where the third beam is a predefined fallback beam. In one aspect, the device The 1002 / 1002' (base station) apparatus additionally includes means for transmitting to the UE at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, and means for receiving a third beam indication from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams. In one aspect, the 1002 / 1002' (base station) apparatus additionally includes means for transmitting to the UE at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, means for receiving from the UE a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal, and means for selecting one beam from among the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam based on the report. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 76 / 226 72 / 97 signal quality. In this respect, the 1002 / 1002' apparatus (base station) additionally includes means to transmit, to the UE, a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, whereby the signal quality report is additionally based on the UE beam pattern.

[0128] In one aspect, the means for determining whether the UE has received the beam change instruction are configured to: determine whether a NACK is received from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, and determine that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the NACK is received. In one aspect, the means for determining whether the UE has received the beam change instruction are configured to: determine whether the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection, and determine that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection.In one aspect, the means of determining whether the UE has received the beam change instruction are configured to: determine whether the base station and the UE have the capability to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least one second duration, and determine that the UE has not received the beam change instruction if the base station does not have the capability to communicate with each other via the second beam for at least one second duration.

[0129] In one aspect, the 1002 / 1002' apparatus (base station) additionally includes means for determining that communication with the UE using the third beam fails, and means for performing a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails. In one aspect, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 77 / 226 73 / 97 The means for carrying out the beam recovery procedure are configured to: receive from the UE a RACH signal indicating the fourth beam, and select the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the RACH signal. In one aspect, the means for carrying out the beam recovery procedure are configured to: receive from the UE a beam recovery request indicating the fourth beam, and select the fourth beam to communicate with the UE based on the beam recovery request.

[0130] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the previously mentioned components of device 1002 and / or processing system 1114 of device 1002' configured to perform the functions mentioned by the aforementioned means. As described above, processing system 1114 may include Processor TX 316, Processor RX 370, and controller / processor 375. Thus, in one configuration, the previously mentioned means may be Processor TX 316, Processor RX 370, and controller / processor 375 configured to perform the functions mentioned by the aforementioned means.

[0131] Figure 12 is a 1200 flowchart of a wireless communication method. The method can be implemented by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 702, device 1502 / 1502'). In 1202, the UE can continue to implement additional features, as discussed below. In 1204, the UE uses a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a first Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 78 / 226 4 / 97 Base Station Beam. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, base station 704 and UE 702 can communicate with each other using a current beam from base station 704 (e.g., a beam selected to communicate with the UE). In one aspect, on 1206 the UE indicates to the base station that it is configured to use the first beam from the base station to change from the first beam to the second beam. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, on 712, UE 702 informs base station 712 that the base station should change from the current beam to the second beam (e.g., by sending a beam change request to change from the current beam to the second beam).

[0132] In one aspect, in 1208 the UE can determine if the UE has received a beam change instruction indicating the base station's determination to change from the first beam to the second beam. In 1210, the UE can switch from the first UE beam to a second UE beam when the UE receives the beam change instruction. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, UE 702 can determine if the UE has received the beam change instruction. In one aspect, for example, if UE 702 has successfully received the beam change instruction, UE 702 can switch to a second UE beam.

[0133] At 1212, the UE determines whether the UE has lost communication with the base station. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, at 724, UE 702 can determine whether UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 (e.g., after the base station sent the beam change instruction at 718). In one aspect, the UE can determine that the UE has lost communication with the base station. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 79 / 226 75 / 97 if the UE fails to communicate with the base station using the second UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 fails to communicate with the base station using the second UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction. In one aspect, the UE can determine that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction indicating the base station's determination to change from the first beam to the second beam and fails to communicate with the base station using the first UE beam.For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction (and fails to communicate with base 704 using the UE's first beam). In one aspect, UE can determine that UE has lost communication with the base station if UE does not determine that the base station received an acknowledgment of successful reception of a beam change instruction from the base station after UE transmits the acknowledgment to the base station. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, UE 702 can determine that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704 if UE 702 does not determine that base station 704 received an ACK of successful reception of the beam change instruction after UE 702 transmits the ACK to base station 704.

[0134] In 1214, the EU determines that the station Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 80 / 226 6 / 97 base station is not configured with a second beam from the base station when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, if UE 702 determines in 724 that UE 702 has lost communication with base station 704, UE 702 may determine that the base station is not configured with the second beam. In 1216, the UE selects a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured as a second base station beam, where the third beam is a predefined beam. For example, as illustrated in Figure 7, after determining that the base station is not configured with the second base station beam, UE 702 may select a third UE beam to communicate with base station 704 using the fallback beam.

[0135] In one aspect, the first beam is at least one of a first transmit beam or a first receive beam, the second beam is at least one of a second transmit beam or a second receive beam, and the fallback beam is at least one of a fallback transmit beam or a fallback receive beam. For example, as discussed above, the current beam may be a current receive beam and / or a current transmit beam at the base station, the second beam may be a second receive beam and / or a second transmit beam at the base station, and the fallback beam may be a receive beam and / or a transmit beam at the base station. In 1218, the UE may realize additional capabilities, as discussed below. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 81 / 226 77 / 97

[0136] In one aspect, a parameter value for a third beam parameter may be different from a parameter value for at least one of the first beam or second beam parameters. For example, as discussed above, parameters for communication using the fallback beam may have different values ​​from parameters for communication using other beams (e.g., current beam, second beam). In one aspect, the third beam parameter may include at least one of an uplink power control offset or aggregation level on a downlink control channel.In this respect, the third beam parameter may reflect at least one of the following: an uplink power control offset of the third beam that is greater than an uplink power control offset of the second beam, or an aggregation level on a control channel for the third beam that is higher than an aggregation level on a downlink control channel for the second beam. For example, as discussed above, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam may include at least one of an uplink power control offset, or an aggregation level on a downlink control channel. For example, as discussed above, a fallback beam may have a higher uplink power control offset.For example, as discussed above, the aggregation level in a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) for the fallback beam may be higher than the aggregation level in a downlink control channel. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 82 / 226 78 / 97 downlink (e.g., PDCCH) to other beams. In one aspect, the third beam parameter can be configured through at least one of an RRC signaling or a downlink control channel. In another aspect, the third beam parameter can be updated as the fallback beam can be updated over time. For example, as discussed above, the parameters for communication using the fallback beam can be configured by RRC signaling and / or by a downlink control channel (e.g., PDCCH) and / or can be reconfigured if the fallback beam changes to another fallback beam or fallback beam properties change.

[0137] In one aspect, the third beam is at least one of: a beam with a wider beamwidth than the second beam, or a pseudo-omnidirectional beam in the UE. For example, as discussed above, the fallback beam may be a wide beam at the base station and / or may be a pseudo-omni beam (e.g., a beam with a 120-degree angular bandwidth) in the UE. In one aspect, the third beam may be the same as the first beam. For example, as discussed above, the fallback beam may be the current working beam (e.g., the current beam before beam switching). In one aspect, the third UE may be the same as the first beam. EU.

[0138] Figure 13A is a flowchart 1300 of a wireless communication method, which expands upon flowchart 1200 in Figure 12. The method can be implemented by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 702, device Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 83 / 226 79 / 971502 / 1502'). At 1302, the UE receives at least one reference signal from the base station using a plurality of candidate beams. At 1304, the UE transmits to the base station an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams. For example, as discussed above, the UE can perform signal quality measurements based on the signal quality of the communication from the base station to the UE (e.g., based on the signal quality of the communication of a reference signal from the base station using the candidate fallback beams) and / or the signal quality of the communication from the UE to the base station using each pair of beams (e.g., based on the signal quality of the communication of a reference signal to the base station using the candidate fallback beams).For example, as discussed above, based on the measurement of each beam pair, the UE selects the best candidate fallback beam from the base station as a fallback beam that the base station can use to communicate with the UE. When the UE selects the base station's fallback beam, the UE indicates to the base station the base station's fallback beam (e.g., by transmitting a beam identifier identifier of the fallback beam). In 1202, the base station continues to perform the features of flowchart 1200 of Figure 12.

[0139] Figure 13B is a flowchart 1350 of a wireless communication method, which expands upon flowchart 1200 in Figure 12. The method can be performed Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 84 / 226 80 / 97 by an UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 7 02, device 1502 / 1502'). At 1352, the UE receives at least one reference signal from the base station using a plurality of candidate beams. At 1354, the UE transmits a signal quality report to the base station for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal. In one aspect, the signal quality report is used to define one beam from among the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam.For example, as discussed above, an UE can measure the quality of candidate beams (e.g., reference beams) used by the base station to transmit the reference signal(s) to the UE, where the quality of each candidate beam is measured based on the reference signal(s), and can subsequently send a measurement report of the candidate beam quality measurements to the base station, so that the base station can select a fallback beam from among the multiple candidate beams based on the measurement report.

[0140] In one aspect, the signal quality report comprises information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR for each candidate beam, a SINR for each candidate beam, an RSRP for each candidate beam, an RSRQ, an RSSI for each candidate beam, or a CQI for each candidate beam. For example, as discussed above, the reference signal quality measurement report may include information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 85 / 226 81 / 97 for each candidate beam, one SINR for each candidate beam, one RSRP for each candidate beam, one RSRQ, one RSSI for each candidate beam, or one CQI for each candidate beam. In one aspect, the at least one reference signal includes at least one of a secondary synchronization signal, a beam reference signal, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS, and a demodulation reference signal for a physical broadcast channel signal. For example, as discussed above, the reference signal may include one or more of an SSS, a BRS, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS, and a DMRS for a PBCH signal.

[0141] In 1356, the UE can receive, from the base station, a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, where the signal quality report is additionally based on the UE beam pattern. For example, as discussed above, the base station can specify (e.g., to the UE) a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams when the UE measures the reference signal. For example, as discussed above, the base station can request that the UE try different UE beams (e.g., based on the UE beam pattern) when the base station is transmitting the reference signal, so that the UE can find a UE beam that provides the best signal quality (e.g., a UE beam with the highest signal strength) when used with a fallback beam from the base station. In 1202, the base station continues to perform the features of flowchart 1200 of Figure 12.

[0142] Figure 14 is a 1400 flowchart of a Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 86 / 226 82 / 97 wireless communication method, which expands from flowchart 1200 of Figure 12, according to one aspect. 12. The method can be performed by a UE (e.g., UE 104, UE 702, device 1502 / 1502').

[0143] At 1218, the base station continues from flowchart 1200 of Figure 12. At 1402, the UE determines that communication with the base station using the third beam fails. At 1404, the UE performs a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails. For example, as discussed above, when communication using the fallback beam fails to the base station and / or the UE, the UE and / or the base station may initiate a beam recovery procedure. In one aspect, the beam recovery procedure is based on at least one of a beam recovery request or a RACH. For example, as discussed above, the beam recovery procedure may be based on a RACH signal and / or a beam recovery request.

[0144] In one aspect, the UE can perform the beam recovery procedure by: transmitting a RACH signal to the base station indicating the fourth beam, where the RACH signal is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE. For example, as discussed above, according to one approach, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station to indicate a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE. In one aspect, the RACH signal is transmitted if the UE is not time-synchronized with the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 87 / 226 83 / 97 base station. For example, as discussed above, the UE can transmit a RACH signal to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, a resource to receive the RACH signal at the base station is selected based on a resource of a downlink synchronization signal block. For example, as discussed above, the base station can use a beam associated with the selected resource of the downlink synchronization signal block, such as a recovery beam, to communicate with the UE.

[0145] In one aspect, the UE can perform the beam recovery procedure by: transmitting a beam recovery request to the base station indicating the fourth beam, where the beam recovery request is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE. For example, as discussed above, according to another approach, the UE can transmit a beam recovery request to the base station indicating a recovery beam for the base station, so that the base station can select the recovery beam for communication with the UE. In one aspect, the beam recovery request is transmitted if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. For example, as discussed above, the UE can transmit the beam recovery request to the base station if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station.In one aspect, the beam recovery request is transmitted in a RACH subframe. For example, as discussed above, the beam recovery request can be transmitted through a... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 88 / 226 84 / 97 subframe RACH. In one aspect, a resource to receive the beam recovery request at the base station is selected based on a resource from a downlink synchronization signal block. For example, as discussed above, the resource selection for the beam recovery request may be based on a resource from a downlink synchronization signal block.

[0146] Figure 15 is a conceptual data flow diagram 1500 that illustrates the data flow between different media / components in an exemplary apparatus 1502. The apparatus may be a UE. The apparatus includes a receiving component 1504, a transmitting component 1506, a beam management component 1508 and a communication management component 1510.

[0147] Beam management component 1508 uses a first UE beam to communicate with a base station that is configured to use a base station first beam (e.g., base station 1530) (e.g., via communication management component 1510, transmit component 1506, and receive component 1504, on 1552, 1554, 1556, 1558, 1560, and 1562). In one aspect, beam management component 1508 can indicate to the base station that is configured to use the base station first beam to switch from the first beam to the second beam, via transmit component 1506 and communication management component 1510, on 1552, 1554, and 1556.

[0148] In one aspect, the beam management component 1508 can determine if the UE has received a beam change instruction indicating the Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 89 / 226 85 / 97 determination by the base station to switch from the first beam to the second beam. The beam management component 1508 can switch from the first UE beam to a second UE beam when the UE receives the beam change instruction.

[0149] Beam management component 1508 determines whether the UE has lost communication with the base station. In one aspect, beam management component 1508 determines that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE fails to communicate with the base station using the UE's second beam after receiving the beam change instruction. In another aspect, beam management component 1508 determines that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction indicating the base station's determination to change from the first beam to the second beam and fails to communicate with the base station using the UE's first beam.In one aspect, the 1508 beam management component determines that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE does not determine that the base station has received confirmation of the successful reception of a beam change instruction from the base station after the UE transmits the confirmation to the base station. The 1508 beam management component determines that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication. The 1508 beam management component selects a second UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 90 / 226 86 / 97 determination that the base station is not configured as a second beam of the base station, wherein the third beam is a predefined beam. In one aspect, the first beam is at least one of a first transmit beam or a first receive beam, the second beam is at least one of a second transmit beam or a second receive beam, and the fallback beam is at least one of a fallback transmit beam or a fallback receive beam.

[0150] In one aspect, a parameter value for a third beam parameter is different from a parameter value for the parameter of at least one of the first beam or the second beam. In one aspect, the third beam parameter may include at least one of an uplink power control offset or aggregation level on a downlink control channel. In such an aspect, the third beam parameter reflects at least one of the following: an uplink power control offset of the third beam that is greater than an uplink power control offset of the second beam, or an aggregation level on a control channel for the third beam that is higher than an aggregation level on a downlink control channel for the second beam.In one aspect, the parameters of the third beam are configured through at least one of an RRC signaling or a downlink control channel. In another aspect, the parameters of the third beam are updated as the fallback beam is updated over time. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 91 / 226 87 / 97

[0151] In one aspect, the third beam is at least one of the following: a beam with a beamwidth wider than the beamwidth of the second beam, or a pseudo-omnidirectional beam in the UE. In another aspect, the third beam is equal to the first beam.

[0152] In one aspect, beam management component 1508 receives, via receiving component 1504 and communication management component 1510, from the base station, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, at 1558, 1560 and 1562. Beam management component 1508 transmits, via transmitting component 1506 and communication management component 1510, to the base station, an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams, at 1552, 1554 and 1556.

[0153] In one aspect, beam management component 1508 receives, via receiving component 1504 and communication management component 1510, from the base station, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, at 1558, 1560, and 1562. Beam management component 1508 transmits, via transmitting component 1506 and communication management component 1510, to the base station, a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal. In one aspect, the report of Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 92 / 226 88 / 97 signal quality is used to define one beam from among a plurality of candidate beams as the third beam, in 1552, 1554, and 1556.

[0154] In one aspect, the signal quality report comprises information on at least one of a beam identifier for each candidate beam, an SNR for each candidate beam, a SINR for each candidate beam, an RSRP for each candidate beam, an RSRQ, an RSSI for each candidate beam, or a CQI for each candidate beam. In one aspect, the at least one reference signal includes at least one of a secondary synchronization signal, a beam reference signal, a mobility reference signal, a CSI-RS, and a demodulation reference signal for a physical broadcast channel signal.

[0155] In one aspect, beam management component 1508 receives, via receiving component 1504 and communication management component 1510, from the base station, a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is additionally based on the UE beam pattern, in 1558, 1560 and 1562.

[0156] In one aspect, beam management component 1508 determines through communication management component 1510 that communication with the base station using the third beam fails. Beam management component 1508 performs a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails. In one aspect, the recovery procedure Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 93 / 226 89 / 97 beaming relies on at least one of a beam recovery request or a random access channel (RACH).

[0157] In one aspect, the beam management component 1508 can perform the beam recovery procedure by: transmitting, through the communication management component 1510 and the transmission component 1506, to the base station, a RACH signal indicating the fourth beam, wherein the RACH signal is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE. In one aspect, the RACH signal is transmitted if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, a resource to receive the RACH signal at the base station is selected based on a resource from a downlink synchronization signal block.

[0158] In one aspect, beam management component 1508 can perform the beam recovery procedure by: transmitting, through communication management component 1510 and transmission component 1506, to the base station, a beam recovery request indicating the fourth beam, wherein the beam recovery request is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE. In one aspect, the beam recovery request is transmitted if the UE is not time-synchronized with the base station. In one aspect, the beam recovery request is transmitted in a RACH subframe. In one aspect, a resource to receive the beam recovery request at the base station is selected based on a resource from a link synchronization signal block. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 94 / 226 90 / 97 descending.

[0159] The device may include additional components that perform each of the algorithm blocks in the previously mentioned flowcharts of Figures 12 to 14. Thus, each block in the previously mentioned flowcharts of Figures 12 to 14 may be performed by a component, and the device may include one or more of these components. The components may be one or more hardware components specifically configured to perform the established processes / algorithms, implemented by a processor configured to perform the established processes / algorithms, stored within a computer-readable medium for implementation by a processor, or some combination thereof.

[0160] Figure 16 is a 1600 diagram illustrating an example of a hardware implementation for a 1502 device employing a 1614 processing system. The 1614 processing system can be implemented with a bus architecture, generally represented by the 1624 bus. The 1624 bus can include any number of interconnect buses and bridges depending on the specific application of the 1614 processing system and general design constraints. The 1624 bus links various circuits that include one or more processors and / or hardware components, represented by the 1604 processor, the 1504, 1506, 1508, 1510 components, and the computer-readable / memory medium 1606. The 1624 bus can also link various other circuits, such as timing sources, peripherals, voltage regulators, and Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 95 / 226 91 / 97 power management circuits, which are well known in the art and therefore will not be described further.

[0161] The processing system 1614 can be coupled to a transceiver 1610. The transceiver 1610 is coupled to one or more antennas 1620. The transceiver 1610 provides a means of communicating with various devices through a transmission medium. Transceiver 1610 receives a signal from one or more antennas 1620, extracts information from the received signal, and provides the extracted information to the processing system 1614, specifically the receiving component 1504. Additionally, transceiver 1610 receives information from the processing system 1614, specifically the transmitting component 1506, and based on the received information, generates a signal to be applied to one or more antennas 1620. The processing system 1614 includes a processor 1604 coupled to a computer-readable medium / memory 1606. The processor 1604 is responsible for general processing, including the execution of software stored in the computer-readable medium / memory 1606.The software, when executed by the 1604 processor, causes the 1614 processing system to perform the various functions described above for any particular device. The computer-readable medium / memory 1606 can also be used to store data that is manipulated by the 1604 processor during software execution. The 1614 processing system additionally includes at least one of the components 1504, 1506, 1508, or 1510. The components can be software components that run on the 1604 processor. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 96 / 226 92 / 97 resident / stored in computer-readable medium / memory 1606, one or more hardware components coupled to processor 1604 or some combination thereof. Processing system 1614 may be a component of UE 350 and may include memory 360 and / or at least one of processor TX 368, processor RX 356 and controller / processor 359.

[0162] In one configuration, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) device for wireless communication includes means for using a first UE beam to communicate with base stations that are configured to use a first base station beam, means for determining if the UE has lost communication with the base station, means for determining that the base station is not configured with a second base station beam when the UE determines that the UE has lost communication, and means for selecting a third UE beam to communicate with the base station via a third base station beam, in response to the determination that the base station is not configured with the second base station beam, wherein the third beam is a predefined beam.In one aspect, the 1502 / 1502' apparatus includes means for determining whether the UE has received a beam change instruction indicating the base station's determination to change from the first beam to the second beam, and means for switching from the UE's first beam to a second UE beam when the UE receives the beam change instruction. In another aspect, the means for determining that the UE has lost communication are configured to determine that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE fails to communicate with the base station using the second beam. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 97 / 226 93 / 97 UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction. In one aspect, the means of determining that the UE has lost communication are configured to determine that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction indicating the base station's determination to change from the first beam to the second beam and fails to communicate with the base station using the UE's first beam. In another aspect, the means of determining that the UE has lost communication are configured to determine that the UE has lost communication with the base station if the UE does not determine that the base station has received a successful acknowledgment of a beam change instruction from the base station after the UE transmits the acknowledgment to the base station.In one aspect, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) apparatus may additionally include means for indicating to the base station that it is configured to use the first beam from the base station to change from the first beam to the second beam. In one aspect, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) apparatus may additionally include means for receiving from the base station at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, and means for transmitting to the base station an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams. In one aspect, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) apparatus may additionally include means for receiving from the base station at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams, means for... Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 98 / 226 94 / 97 transmit to the base station a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal, wherein the signal quality report is used to define one beam among the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam. In this respect, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) apparatus may additionally include means for receiving from the base station a UE beam pattern for each of the candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is additionally based on the UE beam pattern.

[0163] In one aspect, the 1502 / 1502' (UE) apparatus may additionally include means for determining that communication with the base station using the third beam fails, and means for performing a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determination that communication using the third beam fails. In one aspect, the means for performing the beam recovery procedure are configured to: transmit to the base station a random access channel (RACH) signal indicating the fourth beam, wherein the RACH signal is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE. In one aspect, the means for performing the beam recovery procedure are configured to: transmit to the base station a beam recovery request indicating the fourth beam, wherein the beam recovery request is used to select the fourth beam for the base station to communicate with the UE.

[0164] The aforementioned means may be one or more of the components mentioned above. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page 99 / 226 95 / 97 mentioned in device 1502 and / or processing system 1614 of device 1502' configured to perform the aforementioned functions by the aforementioned means. As described above, processing system 1614 may include Processor TX 368, Processor RX 356, and controller / processor 359. Thus, in one configuration, the aforementioned means may be Processor TX 368, Processor RX 356, and controller / processor 359 configured to perform the aforementioned functions by the aforementioned means.

[0165] It should be understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the revealed processes / flowcharts is an illustration of exemplary approaches. Based on design preferences, it is understood that the specific order or hierarchy of the blocks in the processes / flowcharts may be rearranged. Furthermore, some blocks may be combined or omitted. The attached method claims the elements present from the various blocks in a sample order, and is not intended to be limited to the specific order or hierarchy presented.

[0166] The preceding description is provided to enable anyone skilled in the art to practice the various aspects described herein. Various modifications to these aspects will be readily apparent to those skilled in the art, and the generic principles defined herein may be applied to other aspects. Thus, the claims are not intended to be limited to the aspects shown herein, but should be in accordance with the entire scope. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 100 / 226 96 / 97 consistent with the language claims, wherein reference to an element in the singular is not intended to mean “and only one,” except if specifically stated so, but instead, “one or more.” The word “exemplificative” as used herein means “to serve as an example, instance, or illustration.” Any aspect described herein as “exemplificative” should not necessarily be interpreted as preferential or advantageous in relation to other aspects. Unless stated otherwise, the term “some” refers to one or more. Combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and “C,” “one or more of A, B, and C,” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” include any combination of A, B, and / or C, and may include multiples of A, multiples of B, or multiples of C. Specifically, combinations such as “at least one of A, B, or C,” “one or more of A, B, or C,” “at least one of A, B, and C,” “one or more of C” “A, B and C” and “A, B, C, or any combination thereof” may be only A, only B, only C, A and B, A and C, B and C, or A and B and C, wherein any such combinations may have one or more members of A, B or C. The structural and functional equivalents AH to the elements of the various aspects described throughout this disclosure that are known or will hereafter be known to those of common knowledge in the art are expressly incorporated herein by reference and are intended to be covered by the claims. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 101 / 226 97 / 97 to be dedicated to the public, regardless of whether such disclosure is explicitly stated in the claims. The words module, mechanism, element, device and the like may not be a substitute for the word means. Thus, no element of a claim should be interpreted as means plus function, except if the element is expressly stated with the use of the phrase means for.

Claims

1. Wireless communication method via a base station (102, 402, 704), the method comprising: determining (714, 804) a change from a first beam to a second beam; transmitting (806) to a user equipment UE (104, 404, 702) a beam change instruction (718) to indicate the determination of the change to the second beam by determining the change to the second beam; selecting (722, 810) a third beam to communicate with the UE (104, 404, 702);the method characterized in that it further comprises: determining (720, 808) whether UE (104, 404, 702) has received the beam change instruction (718) based on receiving a non-acknowledgment, NACK, or not receiving an acknowledgment, ACK, from UE (104, 404, 702) or whether there is a disconnected state between the base station and UE, wherein selection (722) of the third beam to communicate with UE (104, 404, 702) occurs in response to the base station's determination that UE (104, 404, 702) has not received the beam change instruction (718), wherein the third beam is a predefined beam; determining that communication with UE using the third beam fails; and performing a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails.

2. Method, according to claim 1, characterized in that a parameter value for a parameter of the third beam is different from a parameter value for the parameter of at least one of the first beam or the second beam, and wherein the parameter of the third beam includes at least one of an uplink power control offset, or aggregation level in a downlink control channel;and / or the third beam parameter reflects at least one of the following: an uplink power control offset of the third beam that is greater than an uplink power control offset of the second beam, or an aggregation level on a control channel for the third beam that is higher than an aggregation level on a downlink control channel for the second beam and / or the third beam parameter is configured based on at least one of a radio resource control signal, RRC, or a downlink control channel; and / or the third beam is the same as the first beam.

3. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that it further comprises transmitting to the UE at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams; and receiving an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams; or Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p.201 / 226 3 / 10 receive, from the UE, a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on at least one reference signal, and select one beam from the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam based on the signal quality report; and / or when the signal quality report is received, it further comprises: transmitting to the UE a UE beam pattern for each of the plurality of candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is further based on the UE beam pattern.

4. Method according to claim 1, characterized in that the determination of whether the UE received the beam change instruction comprises at least one of: determining whether a negative acknowledgment, NACK, is received from the UE in response to the beam change instruction, and determining that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the NACK is received; or determining whether the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection, and determining that the UE did not receive the beam change instruction if the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection; and / or the third beam is selected when at least one of the following conditions is met: a first duration that expires after receiving the NACK, or the first duration that expires after determining that the UE and the base station are in a state disconnection. Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 202 / 226 4 / 10 5. Base station for wireless communication, characterized in that it comprises means for carrying out the method as defined in any one of claims 1 to 4.

6. Wireless communication method via a user equipment, UE (104, 404, 702), the method comprising: using (1204) a first UE beam to communicate with a base station (102, 402, 704) that is configured to use a first beam from the base station (102, 402, 704); determining whether the UE (104, 404, 702) has received a beam change instruction indicating a determination by the base station (102, 402, 704) to change from the first beam to a second beam; determine (724, 1212) whether UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication with base station (102, 402, 704), the method characterized in that it further comprises: wherein UE (104, 404, 702) determines that UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication with base station (102, 402, 704) if at least one of the following conditions is met;UE (104, 404, 702) fails to communicate with base station (102, 402, 704) using the second UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction, UE (104, 404, 702) fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction indicating determination by base station (102, 402, 704) Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 203 / 226 5 / 10 to switch from the first beam to the second beam and fail to communicate with the base station (102, 402, 704) using the first UE beam, or the UE (104, 404, 702) does not determine that the base station (102, 402, 704) has received a successful reception confirmation of the beam change instruction after the UE (104; 404; 702) transmits the confirmation to the base station (102, 402, 704), wherein the UE (104, 404, 702) switches from the first UE beam to a second UE beam when the UE (104, 404, 702) receives the beam change instruction;determine (1214) that base station (102, 402, 704) is not configured with the second beam of base station (102, 402, 704) when UE (104, 404, 702) determines that UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication; and select (726, 1216) the third UE beam to communicate with base station (102, 402, 704) via the third beam of base station (102, 402, 704), occurs in response to the determination that base station (102, 402, 704) is not configured with the second beam of base station (102, 402, 704), wherein the third beam is a predefined beam and parameters for communication using the third beam have different values ​​from parameters for communication using the first beam and the second beam.; 7. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises: indicating to the base station that it is configured to use the first beam of the base station to switch from the first beam to the second beam.

8. Method according to claim 6, Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, p. 204 / 226 6 / 10 characterized in that it further comprises: receiving, from the base station, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams; and transmitting, to the base station, an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the quality of reception of the UE of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams.

9. A method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises: receiving from the base station at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams; transmitting to the base station a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on the at least one reference signal; wherein the signal quality report is used to define one beam from among the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that it further comprises: receiving, from the base station, a UE beam pattern for each of the plurality of candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is further based on a UE beam pattern.

11. Method according to claim 6, characterized in that it further comprises: determining that communication with the base station using the third beam fails; and Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 205 / 226 7 / 10 performing a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails.

12. User equipment, UE, (104, 404, 702) for wireless communication, the user equipment comprising: a memory; and at least one processor coupled to the memory and configured to: use (1204) a first UE beam to communicate with a base station (102, 402, 704) that is configured to use a first beam from the base station (102, 402, 704); determine whether the UE (104, 404, 702) has received a beam change instruction indicating a determination by the base station (102, 402, 704) to change from the first beam to a second beam; determine (724, 1212) whether UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication with base station (102, 402, 704), the user equipment, UE, characterized in that: UE (104, 404, 702) is configured to determine that UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication with base station (102, 402, 704) if at least one of the following conditions is met;UE (104, 404, 702) fails to communicate with base station (102, 402, 704) using the second UE beam after receiving the beam change instruction, UE (104, 404, 702) fails to successfully receive the beam change instruction that Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, page. 206 / 226 8 / 10 indicates that the base station (102, 402, 704) determined to switch from the first beam to the second beam and failed to communicate with the base station (102, 402, 704) using the first UE beam, or the UE (104, 404, 702) failed to determine that the base station (102, 402, 704) received a successful confirmation of the beam change instruction after the UE (104, 404, 702) transmitted the confirmation to the base station (102, 402, 704), where the UE (104, 404, 702) is configured to switch from the first UE beam to a second UE beam when the UE (104, 404, 702) receives the beam change instruction;determine (1214) that base station (102, 402, 704) is not configured with the second beam of base station (102, 402, 704) when UE (104, 404, 702) determines that UE (104, 404, 702) has lost communication; and select (726, 1216) the third UE beam to communicate with base station (102, 402, 704) via the third beam of base station (102, 402, 704), occurs in response to the determination that base station (102, 402, 704) is not configured with the second beam of base station (102, 402, 704), wherein the third beam is a predefined beam and parameters for communication using the third beam have different values ​​from parameters for communication using the first beam and the second beam.; 13. User equipment, EU, according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one processor is configured to: indicate to the base station that it is configured to use the first beam of the base station to switch from the first beam to the second beam.

14. User equipment, UE, according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to: receive, from the base station, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams; and transmit, to the base station, an indication of the third beam from the UE based on the UE's reception quality of at least one reference signal for each of the plurality of candidate beams.

15. User equipment, UE, according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one processor is further configured to: receive, from the base station, at least one reference signal using a plurality of candidate beams; transmit, to the base station, a signal quality report for at least one of the plurality of candidate beams based on the at least one reference signal, wherein the signal quality report is used to define one beam among the plurality of candidate beams as the third beam.

16. User equipment, UE, according to claim 14, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally configured to: receive, from the base station, a UE beam pattern for each of the plurality of candidate beams, wherein the signal quality report is additionally Petition 870240111119, dated 12 / 30 / 2024, pp. 208 / 226 10 / 10 based on the UE beam pattern.

17. User equipment, UE, according to claim 12, characterized in that at least one processor is additionally configured to: determine that communication with the base station using the third beam fails; and perform a beam recovery procedure to select a fourth beam upon determining that communication using the third beam fails.

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