Encoding Processing Method, Decoding Processing Method, and Related Device

Abstract

The present application relates to the technical field of three-dimensional mesh encoding, and discloses an encoding processing method, a decoding processing method and a related device. The encoding processing method in an embodiment of the present application comprises: on the basis of a mesh to be encoded, determining a base mesh bit stream; performing displacement encoding on a first vertex displacement, and obtaining a displacement bit stream, the first vertex displacement being obtained by adjusting, according to displacement information, the displacement sequence of a reconstructed base mesh obtained by reconstructing on the basis of the base mesh bit stream, the displacement information being obtained on the basis of performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh being obtained on the basis of performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded; and generating a target bit stream on the basis of a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, the base mesh bit stream and the displacement bit stream, the target bit stream comprising target identification information, and the target identification information being used for indicating that the encoding mode of the displacement bit stream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

Description

1 / 65 Encoding Processing Method, Decoding Processing Method, and Related Device Cross-reference for related applications.

[0001] This application claims priority over Chinese Patent Application No. 202310262637.7, filed in China on March 17, 2023, which is incorporated herein by reference in its entirety. TECHNICAL AREA

[0002] This application pertains to the field of three-dimensional mesh coding technologies and, specifically, relates to an encoding processing method, a decoding processing method, and a related device. CONTEXT

[0003] In the three-dimensional mesh coding process, displacements are obtained by calculating distances between vertices of a reconstructed mesh and vertices of an original mesh, representing distances from the vertices of the reconstructed mesh to nearest neighbor points in an original input mesh, with the aim of improving mesh quality. Currently, displacements are typically coded using a fixed coding mode, for example, using a video encoder to encode the displacements. Therefore, in the related technique, there is a problem of low flexibility in displacement coding. SUMMARY

[0004] The embodiments of the present application provide an encoding processing method, a decoding processing method and a related device, so as to solve the problem of low flexibility in shift encoding.

[0005] According to a first aspect, a coding processing method is provided, applied to a coding end and which includes: determining a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 8 / 264 2 / 65 perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the bitstream of the base mesh based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded;and generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

[0006] According to a second aspect, a decoding processing method is provided, applied to a decoding end and which includes: to receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes a shift bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a shift bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode; Determine a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and decode the offset bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex offset.

[0007] According to a third aspect, a coding processing apparatus is provided, applied to a coding end and which includes: a first processing module, configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 9 / 264 3 / 65 a first encoding module, configured to perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, wherein the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the bitstream of the base mesh based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded;and a generation module, configured to generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and in the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

[0008] According to a fourth aspect, a decoding processing apparatus is provided, applied to a decoding end and which includes: a receiving module, configured to receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes a shift bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a shift bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode; a determination module, configured to determine a target decoding mode based on target identification information; and a first decoding module, configured to decode the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift.

[0009] According to a fifth aspect, a coding processing method is provided, applied to a coding end and which includes: Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 10 / 264 4 / 65 determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; Perform shift coding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, where a shift coding mode is an entropy coding mode.

[0010] According to a sixth aspect, a decoding processing method is provided, applied to a decoding end and which includes: obtain a target bitstream; and perform entropy decoding on the target bitstream to obtain a vertex shift.

[0011] According to a seventh aspect, a coding processing apparatus is provided, applied to a coding end and comprising: a second processing module, configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be coded; and a second coding module, configured to perform shift coding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, wherein a shift coding mode is an entropy coding mode.

[0012] According to an eighth aspect, a decoding processing apparatus is provided, applied to a decoding end and which includes: a fetch module, configured to fetch a target bitstream; and a second decode module, configured to perform entropy decoding on the target bitstream to fetch a vertex shift.

[0013] According to a ninth aspect, an electronic device is provided, wherein the electronic device includes a processor and a memory, in which a program or instructions that can be executed on the processor are stored in memory; and, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to the first aspect are implemented; or, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 11 / 264 5 / 65 according to the second aspect are implemented; or, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to the fifth aspect are implemented; or, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the method according to the sixth aspect are implemented.

[0014] According to a tenth aspect, an electronic device is provided, including a processor and a communication interface, wherein when the electronic device is an encoding end, the processor is configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, wherein the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the base mesh bitstream based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded;and generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode; and when the electronic device is a decoding end, the communication interface is configured to receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes an offset bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode;and the processor is configured to determine a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 12 / 264 6 / 65 decode the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift; Or, when the electronic device is an encoding end, the processor is configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded, and perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where a shift encoding mode is an entropy encoding mode; and when the electronic device is a decoding end, the processor is configured to obtain a target bitstream and perform entropy decoding on the target bitstream to obtain a vertex shift.

[0015] According to an eleventh aspect, a video encoding and decoding system is provided, including an encoding end device and a decoding end device, wherein the encoding end device can be configured to perform the steps of the encoding processing method according to the first aspect, and the decoding end device can be configured to perform the steps of the decoding processing method according to the second aspect; or the encoding end device can be configured to perform the steps of the encoding processing method according to the fifth aspect, and the decoding end device can be configured to perform the steps of the decoding processing method according to the sixth aspect.

[0016] According to a twelfth aspect, a readable storage medium is provided, in which a program or instructions are stored; and, when the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the method according to the first aspect are implemented, the steps of the method according to the second aspect are implemented, the steps of the method according to the fifth aspect are Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 13 / 264 7 / 65 implemented, or the steps of the method according to the sixth aspect are implemented.

[0017] According to a thirteenth aspect, a chip is provided, wherein the chip includes a processor and a communication interface, the communication interface is coupled to the processor and the processor is configured to execute a program or instructions to implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect, or the steps of the method according to the second aspect, or the steps of the method according to the fifth aspect, or the steps of the method according to the sixth aspect.

[0018] According to a fourteenth aspect, a computer program / program product is provided, wherein the computer program / program product is stored in a storage medium and the computer program / program product is executed by at least one processor to implement the steps of the method according to the first aspect, or the steps of the method according to the second aspect, or the steps of the method according to the fifth aspect, or the steps of the method according to the sixth aspect.

[0019] In the embodiments of the present application, due to the fact that the target identification information is defined in the target bitstream to indicate the encoding mode of the shift bitstream, different shift encoding modes can be used for shift encoding according to different requirements, thus improving the flexibility of shift encoding. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0020] FIG. 1 is a diagram of a conventional coding structure.

[0021] FIG. 2 is a diagram of a conventional decoding structure.

[0022] FIG. 3 is a schematic flowchart of a coding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0023] FIG. 4 is an illustrative diagram of a mesh simplification operation in a coding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 14 / 264 8 / 65

[0024] FIG. 5 is an exemplary diagram of a subdivision processing in a coding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0025] FIG. 6 is an illustrative diagram of a coding structure in a coding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0026] FIG. 7 is a schematic flowchart of a decoding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0027] FIG. 8 is an illustrative diagram of a decoding structure in a decoding processing method according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0028] FIG. 9 is a structural diagram of a coding processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0029] FIG. 10 is a structural diagram of a decoding processing apparatus according to an embodiment of the present application;

[0030] FIG. 11 is a structural diagram of a communication device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0031] FIG. 12 is a structural diagram of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE MODALITIES

[0032] The technical solutions in the embodiments of this application are clearly described below with reference to the drawings accompanying the embodiments of this application. Apparently, the embodiments described are only some and not all the embodiments of this application. All other embodiments obtained by persons with common skill in the art, based on the embodiments of this application, fall within the scope of protection of this application.

[0033] The terms first, second, and similar are used in the specification and claims of the present application to distinguish between similar objects, and not to describe a specific order or sequence. It should be borne in mind that the terms used in this way are interchangeable under appropriate circumstances, so that Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 15 / 264 9 / 65 The embodiments of the present application may be implemented in orders other than the order illustrated or described herein. Furthermore, objects distinguished by first and second are generally of the same type, and the quantities of objects are not limited. For example, there may be one or more first objects. Furthermore, the use of "or" in the specification and claims indicates at least one of the related objects. For example, A or B covers three scenarios: scenario 1, including A but not B; scenario 2, including B but not A; scenario 3, including A and B. The character / generally indicates a relationship between associated objects.

[0034] The term “indication” in the specification and claims of this application may be an explicit or implicit indication. An explicit indication may be understood as: a transmitter explicitly notifies, in a sent indication, a receiver of an operation or a request result that needs to be executed; and an implicit indication may be understood as: the receiver performs a determination in accordance with the indication sent by the transmitter and, based on a result of the determination, determines an operation or a request result that needs to be executed.

[0035] An encoding end and a decoding end corresponding to the encoding and decoding processing method in the embodiments of this application may be a terminal. The terminal may also be referred to as a terminal device or user equipment (UE). The terminal may be a terminal-side device, such as a mobile phone, a tablet computer, a laptop computer, a notebook computer, a personal digital assistant (PDA), a handheld computer, a netbook, an ultra-mobile personal computer (UMPC), a mobile internet device (MID), a wearable device, vehicle user equipment (VUE), or pedestrian user equipment (PUE).The wearable device includes a smartwatch, a wristband, headphones, glasses, and the like. It should be noted that a specific type of device is not limited to the scope of this application. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 16 / 264 10 / 65

[0036] To facilitate understanding, the following describes some of the content involved in the modalities of this request:

[0037] I. Visual volumetric video-based coding standard (Visual Volumetric Video-based Coding, V3C).

[0038] The V3C standard provides a method for encoding and decoding various types of three-dimensional media using video or image encoding technology. Specifically, it converts the content of three-dimensional media from a three-dimensional representation to multiple two-dimensional representations (called V3C components) by projection or other methods before encoding, and then encodes the two-dimensional representations using existing video or image encoding technology. The V3C components mainly include an occupancy component, a geometry component, and an attribute component.The occupancy component can indicate which areas in the two-dimensional representation are associated with data from the three-dimensional representation; the geometry component indicates information related to the position of the three-dimensional data in space; and the attribute component can provide attribute information corresponding to vertices, such as material and texture. In addition, the components also include information on how to reconstruct the three-dimensional model using these components, known as atlas information.

[0039] The atlas information is used to link all the components, and additional information for reconstructing from two-dimensional to three-dimensional is also included in the atlas component. The atlas consists of multiple basic units, called patches. Each patch indicates a region in the available two-dimensional components and contains the information needed to project that region back into three-dimensional space.

[0040] II. Video-based Dynamic Mesh Coding (VDMC).

[0041] VDMC is a standard formulated by the Moving Picture Experts Group (MPEG) for three-dimensional mesh compression. Its main idea is to compress meshes Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 17 / 264 11 / 65 three-dimensional meshes using the existing V3C standard. Because three-dimensional meshes have connectivity information that needs to be encoded, their specific encoding process is slightly different from V3C, requiring extensions to the syntax semantics and decoding operations at the decoding end of the V3C standard to support the decoding and reconstruction of three-dimensional meshes. The encoding and decoding structures related to VDMC are shown in FIGS. 1 and 2.

[0042] The general structure of the encoding end is shown in FIG. 1. For an input mesh, it is first simplified using a simplification module, and then mesh parameterization is performed on the mesh to generate new texture coordinates. Subsequently, the parameterized mesh undergoes subdivision processing and deformation processing, i.e., new vertices are inserted into the mesh according to a specific subdivision processing method, and the distances from the vertices of the subdivision mesh to the nearest neighboring points in the input mesh are calculated, being called displacement information. Then, the positions of the vertices of the parameterized mesh, i.e., the mesh before subdivision and deformation, are adjusted based on the displacement information, and the adjusted mesh is called the base mesh, which is sent to a base mesh encoding module.The base mesh is compressed using an existing mesh encoder by the base mesh encoding module. In inter-frame mode, motion vectors are also generated for each vertex of the base mesh based on a reference frame; and only the motion vectors are compressed into the base mesh. The base mesh is reconstructed after encoding, and then the order of the displacements is adjusted according to the order of the vertices of the reconstructed base mesh. Subsequently, the vertex displacement information after order adjustment is first subjected to wavelet transformation, the transformed coefficients (or wavelet coefficients) are quantized, and then the quantized coefficients are arranged into a two-dimensional image according to a specific scan order, and the two-dimensional image is encoded using a video encoder. Then, the reconstructed displacement information is applied to... Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 18 / 264 12 / 65 subdivided base mesh to obtain a reconstructed subdivided deformed mesh, which, along with the original input mesh and its corresponding texture map, is fed into a corresponding texture map conversion module to obtain a texture map corresponding to the reconstructed mesh, and the texture map is also encoded using a video encoder. Parameters used in the encoding process, such as the type of video encoder used, the type of mesh encoder, transformation parameters, or quantization parameters, are transmitted to the decoding end via assist information.

[0043] The overall structure of the decoding end is shown in FIG. 2. For the received bitstreams, the decoding end first performs demultiplexing of the bitstreams to separately obtain a base mesh bitstream, a displacement bitstream, a texture map bitstream, and an atlas bitstream. For the base mesh bitstream, it is decoded using a mesh decoder indicated by the assistance information to obtain the base mesh. The displacement bitstream and the texture map bitstream are decoded using a video decoder.For the displacement portion, after video decoding, the displacement is extracted from the image using a displacement decoding module, and inverse quantization, inverse transform, and other steps are performed. This is then applied to the subdivided base mesh to obtain the reconstructed deformed mesh at the decoding end. The texture map after decoding is a texture map corresponding to a reconstructed deformed mesh. Subsequent application or rendering modules receive the reconstructed deformed mesh and the decoded texture map as input for processing.

[0044] The following specifically describes the coding processing method provided in the embodiments of this application by means of some embodiments and application scenarios with reference to the corresponding drawings. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 19 / 264 13 / 65

[0045] With regard to FIG. 3, an embodiment of the present application provides a coding processing method. As shown in FIG. 3, the coding processing method includes the following steps.

[0046] Step 301: Determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded.

[0047] Step 302: Perform shift coding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where the first vertex shift is obtained by fitting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the bitstream of the base mesh based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be coded.

[0048] Step 303: Generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, the base mesh bitstream, and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

[0049] In this embodiment of the present application, the determination of a bitstream of the base mesh based on a mesh to be encoded may include the following procedures: Perform mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be coded in order to obtain an initial mesh; Perform subdivision processing and deformation processing on the first mesh to obtain displacement information, and a second mesh is obtained by adjusting vertex positions in the first mesh; and perform compression encoding on the second mesh to obtain the bitstream of the base mesh. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 20 / 264 14 / 65

[0050] Optionally, mesh simplification consists of simplifying an existing input mesh to be encoded into a base mesh with relatively few points and faces, preserving the shape of the original mesh as much as possible. The focus of mesh simplification lies in the simplification operations and the corresponding error metrics. A viable mesh simplification operation, as shown in FIG. 4, consists of merging vertices at both ends of an edge into a single vertex and deleting the connection between the two vertices. Repeating this process throughout the mesh according to specific rules reduces the number of faces and vertices in the mesh to a target value.

[0051] In the simplification process, an error metric can be selected to optimize a simplification result. For example, a sum of the coefficients of equations of all adjacent faces of a vertex can be selected as a vertex error metric, and a corresponding edge error metric is a sum of the error metrics of the two vertices on the edge. In other words, an error caused by merging an edge is the sum of the distances from the merged vertex to all planes adjacent to the two original vertices of the edge.

[0052] After determining the simplification operation and the corresponding error metrics, mesh simplification is performed iteratively. First, the errors of the vertices of the original mesh are calculated to obtain the error of each edge. Then, the edges are arranged in ascending order of errors, and an edge with the smallest error is selected for merging each time. In addition, a position of the merged vertex is calculated, and the errors of all edges related to the merged vertex are updated. That is, the order of arrangement of the edges is updated to ensure that each iteration is based on a global error metric. Through iterations, the faces of the mesh are simplified until the number required for lossy encoding is reached.

[0053] Mesh parameterization mainly consists of regenerating texture coordinates for the simplified mesh to obtain the first mesh. The specific algorithm for mesh parameterization can be defined according to real needs, such as the Isocharts algorithm, in which spectral analysis is used. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 21 / 264 15 / 65 to achieve a stretch-oriented three-dimensional mesh parameterization, and the three-dimensional mesh is unfolded, sliced, and packed into the two-dimensional texture domain by UV.

[0054] Subdivision is applied to the input 3D mesh to generate displacement vector information. An input 2D curve (represented by a 2D polyline), called the original curve, is first reduced to generate a basic curve / polyline, called the simplified curve. Then, a subdivision scheme is applied to the simplified polyline to generate a subdivision curve. Subsequently, the subdivided polyline is deformed to obtain a better approximation of the original curve. That is, a geometric displacement vector is calculated for each vertex of the subdivision mesh, so that the shape of the subdivision curve is as close as possible to the shape of the original curve. These geometric displacement vectors constitute the geometric displacement vector information generated as output by the module. The same deformation process is also applied to the attribute information corresponding to the vertices to obtain the corresponding attribute displacement vectors.

[0055] The subdivision and deformation processing receives the parameterized mesh as input. In this step, the input mesh is first subdivided, and the subdivision scheme can be arbitrarily selected. One possible scheme is the midpoint subdivision scheme, which subdivides each triangle into four subtriangles in each subdivision iteration, as shown in FIG. 5. New vertices are introduced at the midpoint of each edge, and the subdivision of geometric information and attribute information is performed independently, since the connectivity of geometric information and attribute information is usually different.

[0056] Optionally, the method for calculating the position Pos(v12) of the midpoint v12 of the newly introduced edge (vpv2) is shown in Formula (1): (i); Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 22 / 264 16 / 65 where PosÇv^ are the geometric coordinates of a vertex and Pos^v^ are the geometric coordinates of a vertex v2.

[0057] For a subdivision mesh, the nearest neighbor point (including points on the faces of the original mesh) of each point in the original input mesh is found, and the search can be accelerated by means of data structures such as kdTree. A displacement vector of the geometric coordinates of each vertex of the subdivision mesh is obtained by calculating the distance between each vertex of the subdivision mesh and the geometric coordinates of its nearest neighbor point in the original input mesh. The module transmits the generated displacement vector to a subsequent module for encoding.

[0058] For the generated displacement vector, it is in the same global coordinate system as the input mesh. A possible optimization method consists of converting it to a local coordinate system, where the local coordinate system of each vertex is defined by a normal vector of the vertex in the subdivision mesh. The advantage of this method is that the normal component of the geometric displacement vector contributes more to the quality of the reconstructed mesh than the two tangential components, so larger quantization parameters can be defined for the tangential components.

[0059] Base mesh compression coding processing can be understood as inserting the base mesh (i.e., the second mesh) into a base mesh compression module for compression coding. There are mainly two different compression coding modes, namely intra-frame mode and inter-frame mode. In intra-frame mode, the base mesh compression module encodes and reconstructs the input three-dimensional mesh using an existing static mesh encoder. In inter-frame mode, the base mesh compression module calculates motion vectors between vertices of the input mesh and vertices of a reference frame mesh; then, it encodes the motion vectors and reconstructs a current frame base mesh based on the reconstructed motion vectors and the reference frame mesh. The base mesh compression module outputs a compressed bitstream and sends the reconstructed base mesh as output to Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 23 / 264 17 / 65 a shift order adjustment module, and the shift order adjustment module adjusts the vertex displacements of the reconstructed base mesh based on the displacement information to obtain the first vertex displacements.

[0060] For displacement coding, the embodiments of the present application provide two coding modes, namely, a video coding mode and an entropy coding mode.

[0061] Optionally, in the embodiments of this application, any video encoder may be used to encode the first vertex shifts, and in that case, video encoder type information needs to be encoded in the assist information. Alternatively, any entropy coding algorithm, such as Context-based Adaptive Binary Arithmetic Coding (CABAC), may be used to encode the first vertex shifts. Furthermore, since statistical characteristics may vary between different shift levels and different components, assigning different contexts to entropy coding to each subdivision level or to different components may achieve better performance.

[0062] Optionally, the target identification information may implicitly or explicitly indicate the encoding mode of the shift bitstream.

[0063] In the embodiments of the present application, due to the fact that the target identification information is defined in the target bitstream to indicate the encoding mode of the shift bitstream, different shift encoding modes can be used for shift encoding according to different requirements, thus improving the flexibility of shift encoding.

[0064] Optionally, in some embodiments, in the case where the encoding mode is entropy encoding mode, performing shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream includes any of the following: Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 24 / 264 18 / 65 perform shift processing on the first vertex shifts to obtain second vertex shifts and insert the second vertex shifts into an entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream; and insert the first vertex shifts into the entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream.

[0065] In this embodiment of the present application, the shift processing includes wavelet transform and coefficient quantization. It should be understood that, when the shift coding mode is a video coding mode, the corresponding shift processing also includes two-dimensional arrangement, i.e., arranging the quantized coefficients in a two-dimensional image and finally encoding the two-dimensional image using a video encoder to obtain a shift bitstream.

[0066] Optionally, an alternative arrangement method is as follows: traverse the wavelet coefficients in order from the smallest to the largest frequency value.

[0067] Optionally, for each coefficient, an index (e.g., N=M=16) of a pixel block in which the coefficient is located is determined, where the coefficient needs to be stored in the pixel block according to a raster scan order of the pixel block.

[0068] Optionally, the position of a corresponding NxM pixel block in the image can be calculated according to a Morton order (Morton).

[0069] It should be understood that the modalities of the present application are not limited to a specific arrangement mode, and other arrangement modes, such as zigzag order or raster order, may also be used. The encoder may explicitly specify the corresponding arrangement mode in the bitstream.

[0070] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, displacement processing may be performed, or displacement encoding may be performed directly without displacement processing. Performing displacement processing may improve the compression efficiency of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 25 / 264 19 / 65 subsequent shift encoding, thus reducing the size of the target bitstream.

[0071] Optionally, in some modes, generating a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and in the offset bitstream, includes: Encode assistive information to obtain a bit stream from the atlas, where the assistive information is used to aid a decoding end in decoding; Perform texture conversion to obtain a target texture map based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded and the mesh to be encoded, and perform compression encoding on the target texture map to obtain a texture map bitstream; and multiplex the base mesh bitstream, the offset bitstream, the atlas bitstream, and the texture map bitstream to obtain the target bitstream.

[0072] In this embodiment of the present application, displacement reconstruction can be performed based on the displacement bitstream to obtain reconstructed displacements; deformed mesh reconstruction can be performed based on the reconstructed displacements and the reconstructed base mesh to obtain a reconstructed deformed mesh; then, texture map conversion can be performed on the texture map to be encoded based on the reconstructed deformed mesh and the mesh to be encoded to obtain a target texture map, followed by target texture map compression encoding to obtain a texture map bitstream. Finally, the base mesh bitstream, displacement bitstream, atlas bitstream, and texture map bitstream are multiplexed to obtain the target bitstream.

[0073] Optionally, in some modes, the assistance information includes at least one of the following: first encoding information corresponding to the base mesh bitstream, second encoding information corresponding to the texture map bitstream, an encoding mode of the stream Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 26 / 264 20 / 65 bits of offset and a processing parameter for processing the first vertex offset.

[0074] In this embodiment of the present application, the first encoding information may include information such as an encoder type, the second encoding information may include information such as the encoder type, and the bitstream shift encoding mode may be a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode. The processing parameter may include at least one of a transformation parameter, a quantization parameter, and an arrangement parameter.

[0075] Optionally, a transformation can be applied to the displacement vectors to reduce the correlation between their data. An optional transformation is the linear wavelet transform, whose prediction process is defined as shown in Equation (2): (2); where v is a newly inserted midpoint on the edge (vpv2), signai(v) is a displacement vector corresponding to vertex v, signal^) represents a displacement vector corresponding to vertex Vj, and signai <v2) representa um vetor de deslocamento correspondente ao vértice v2. o vetor de deslocamento do vértice v é predito e, em seguida, atualizado, com o processo de atualização definido como mostrado na Equação (3): Signal (v) <— Signal (v) + - '^Signal (w)8(3); where ν' is the set of all vertices adjacent to vertex v. The transformed displacement vector is called the wavelet coefficient.

[0076] Optionally, the transformed displacement vector, i.e., the wavelet coefficient, can be quantized in several ways, one of which is shown in Equations (4) and (5): Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 27 / 264 21 / 65 disp [v].d [&] — floor (disp [v].d [&] * scale (4); scale [&] = 2Λ16 - bitDepthPosition + (5); where disp[v] indicates a transformed value of the displacement vector of the v-th vertex, d[k] indicates the k-th value of the displacement vector, and floor indicates rounding down. bitDepthPosition indicates the bit depth of a geometric position of a current mesh vertex, and qp[k] indicates a parameter of Ir.' Quantization of the -th coefficient. As mentioned earlier, after the displacement vectors are converted to a coordinate system, their normal components have a more significant impact on quality compared to the tangential components, so larger quantization parameters can be used for the tangential components.

[0077] Furthermore, based on the characteristics of the wavelet transform, different quantization parameters can be used for newly generated vertices from the subdivision processing and for existing vertices. That is, for vertices after subdivision processing, the quantization parameter is updated as shown in Equation (6): disp [v].d[^] = floor (disp[v].d[k]*scale[k]j (6); where iodscaie[k] indicates a coefficient of a quantization parameter for a current subdivision level.

[0078] Optionally, in some embodiments, after performing displacement decoding to obtain displacements, displacement vectors consistent with those at the encoding end can be obtained by inverse quantization (i.e., inverse coefficient quantization) and inverse transform (i.e., inverse wavelet quantization). After obtaining reconstructed geometric displacement vectors, the reconstructed base mesh is subjected to subdivision processing, and the reconstructed deformed mesh, after subdivision and deformation processing, is obtained based on the vectors of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 28 / 264 22 / 65 corresponding offset, which is then transmitted to the texture map conversion module. The texture map conversion module performs the texture map conversion based on the original input mesh (i.e., the mesh to be encoded), the original input texture map (i.e., the texture map to be encoded), and the reconstructed deformed mesh. Specifically, texture map conversion may include the following steps: calculate texture coordinates for each pixel in a target texture map to be generated, for example, the texture coordinates corresponding to pixel A(i, j) are P(u, v); To determine if the texture coordinates are within a triangular face of a subdivided and parameterized deformed mesh; and if the texture coordinates do not belong to any triangular face, mark the pixel as an empty pixel, which can be filled later using a fill algorithm; or if the texture coordinates belong to a triangular face, perform a target operation.

[0079] The target operation may include: Mark the pixel as filled; Calculate barycentric coordinates of the texture coordinates within the current triangular face; to map two-dimensional texture coordinates to three-dimensional geometric coordinates based on barycentric coordinates and the corresponding triangular face, that is, to map to a point on the subdivided deformed mesh corresponding to the texture coordinates, as shown by M(x, y, z) in the figure; Find a point closest to the three-dimensional coordinates on the original input mesh, as shown in the figure; Calculate the barycentric coordinate of the three-dimensional coordinate according to the triangle in which it is located and map it to two dimensions, and calculate its texture coordinate, that is, P'Qi'X); Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 29 / 264 23 / 65 Sample the original input texture map using the texture coordinates to obtain a value for a corresponding pixel position; and assign the value to the corresponding pixel A(i, j) in the target texture map to be generated.

[0080] Optionally, after obtaining the converted texture map, empty pixels can be filled using a related filling algorithm (such as the Push-Pull algorithm). Then, existing video encoders such as H.264 / AVC, H.265 / HEVC, and H.266 / VVC can be used to encode the texture map to obtain the output texture map bitstream. Additionally, operations such as color space conversion and chroma subsampling can be selectively applied to achieve better rate-distortion performance in video encoding, for example, converting the color space from RGB 444 to YUV420.

[0081] It should be noted that the position of the target identification information contained in the target bitstream can be defined according to actual needs. For example, in some embodiments, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream determined based on assist information, the target identification information constitutes partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assist information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding. In other words, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes target identification information.

[0082] In this embodiment of the present application, based on the V3C syntax structure, a set of V3C parameters can be extended to specify parameters commonly used in the sequence, and parameters indicating the mesh shift encoding mode can be defined in the parameter set, as shown specifically in Table 1 below. Table 1 vps_v3c_vmesh_extension (V3C payload in bytes){ Descriptor for(j=0; j <atlas_count_minus1 +1; j++){ Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 30 / 264 24 / 65 vps_ext_disp_video_codec_id[ j ] u(8)}}

[0083] vps_ext_disp_video_codec_id[ j ] indicates a type of offset encoder used by a mesh corresponding to the atlas (corresponding to one or more three-dimensional mesh frames) with index j. If its value is 0, it indicates that the offset uses an entropy encoding mode, meaning that the offset bitstream needs to be decoded by an entropy decoder; and a value greater than 0 indicates the use of a video encoder, with a specific type of video encoder being specified by a corresponding value.

[0084] Optionally, in some embodiments, the target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

[0085] In this embodiment of the present application, the target identification information can be understood as a profile identifier (ID), that is, the target identification information is carried in a header field of the target bitstream. In other words, the encoding mode of the shift bitstream can be implicitly indicated by means of different profile IDs. Specifically, one way of indicating the shift encoding method by means of profile IDs is shown in Table 2 below. Table 2 profile_tier_level( ) { Descriptor ptl_tier_flag u(1) ptl_profile_codec_group_idc u(7) ptl_profile_toolset_idc u(8) ptl_profile_reconstruction_idc u(8) ptl_reserved_zero_16bits u(16) Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 31 / 264 25 / 65 ptl_max_decodes_idc u(4) ptl_reserved_0xfff_12bits u(12) ptl_level_idc u(8) ptl_num_sub_profiles u(6) ptl_extended_sub_profile_flag u(1) for( i = 0; i < ptl_num_sub_profiles; i++ ) ptl_sub_profile_idc[ i ] u(v) ptl_toolset_constraints_present_flag u(1) if( ptl_toolset_constraints_present_flag ) profile_toolset_constraints_information( )}

[0086] ptl_profile_toolset_idc is defined in profile_tier_level() of the V3C parameter set, which is used to indicate the decoding tools supported by the bitstream that the V3C parameter set references. Using Table 3 as an example, if its value is 0, this indicates that the value of the vps_ext_disp_video_code_flag parameter can only be 0; if its value is 1, this indicates that the value of vps_ext_disp_video_code_flag can be greater than 0, meaning support for the use of different encoders. Table 3 Profile Name | Basic VDMC Syntax Element | Extended VDMC | ptl_profile_toolset_idc | 0 | 1 | vps_ext_disp_code_id | 0 | >0

[0087] Optionally, in the same modes, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 32 / 264 26 / 65 first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where the third field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; Fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0088] Optionally, the first default value can be set according to actual needs. For example, in some modes, the first default value can be 2.

[0089] In this embodiment of the present application, due to the fact that a V3C structure uses the patch as the basic unit of data description, a submesh (i.e., the first mesh) corresponds to a patch, a tile is a unit that can be encoded and decoded independently, and a tile can include one or more patches, i.e., a tile can correspond to one or more submeshes, where the submesh is obtained by dividing an original input mesh. Therefore, an offset corresponding to a vertex of the submesh is also described in the patch unit, and possible examples of syntax structure are shown in Table 4. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 33 / 264 27 / 65 Table 4 patch_data_unit(patchIdx) { Descritor pdu_vertex_count_minus1[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] ue(v) for( v = 0; v < pdu_vertex_count_minus1[ tileID ][ patchIdx ]+1; v++ ) { for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ ) { pdu_disp_abs_gt0[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ v ][ k ] ae(v) if (pdu_disp_abs_gt0[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ v ][ k ]) { pdu_disp_sign[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ v ][ k ] ae(v) pdu_disp _abs_gt1 [ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ v ][ k ] ae(v) if (pdu_disp _abs_gt1 [ v ][ k ]) pdu_disp_abs_rem[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ v ][ k ] se(v)}}}}

[0090] pdu_vertex_count_minus1[tileID][patchIdx] indica o número de vértices de uma submalha correspondente a um patch com um índice patchIdx em um tile com um índice tileID.

[0091] pdu_disp_abs_gt0[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] indicates whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a displacement (or of the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is equal to 0, where a value of 1 indicates that the value is greater than 0, and a value of 0 indicates that it is equal to 0. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 34 / 264 28 / 65

[0092] pdu_disp_sign[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] indicates whether the k-th component of the displacement (or of the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is greater than 0, where a value of 1 indicates that the value is greater than 0, a value of 0 indicates that the value is less than 0, and if not specified, its value is 1.

[0093] pdu_disp _abs_gt1[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] indicates whether an absolute value of the k-th component of the displacement (or of the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is greater than 1, where a value of 1 indicates that the value is greater than 1, a value of 0 indicates that the value is less than 1, and, if not specified, its value is 0.

[0094] pdu_disp_abs_rem[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] indicates a value obtained by subtracting 2 from the k-th component of the displacement (or the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID, and, if not specified, its value is 0.

[0095] In this modality of the present request, pdu_vertex_count_minus1[tileID][patchIdx] can be understood as the first field information; pdu_disp_abs_gt0[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] can be understood as the second field information; pdu_disp_sign[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] can be understood as the third field information; pdu_disp_abs_gt1[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] can be understood as the fourth field information; and pdu_disp_abs_rem[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] can be understood as the fifth field information.

[0096] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, the final displacement (or corresponding quantization coefficient) is obtained based on the aforementioned parameters: vectexDisp[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] = (pdu_disp_sign[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] ?1:-1)* (pdu_disp_abs_gt0[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] + pdu_disp_abs_gt1[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] + pdu_disp_abs_rem[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] ). Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 35 / 264 29 / 65

[0097] Optionally, in the same modes, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, wherein the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, wherein the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0098] Optionally, the second default value can be set according to actual needs. For example, in some modes, the second default value can be 2. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 36 / 264 30 / 65

[0099] In this embodiment of the present application, considering that a displacement is generated by means of subdivision processing and deformation processing, each subdivision processing can generate a new vertex, and a displacement of the newly generated vertex may present different statistical characteristics from a displacement of an original vertex. In entropy coding, considering the statistical characteristics between different displacement levels, different entropy coding modes and different context information can be adopted according to the levels. In addition to hierarchical division, the three components of a displacement can be coded by different entropy coders based on their respective statistical characteristics.

[0100] Optionally, entropy encoding modes for shifts of different subdivision levels are shown in Table 5. Table 5 patch_data_unit(patchIdx) { Descritor pdu_vertex_count_minus1[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] ue(v) pdu_subdiv_iteration_count[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] u(8) for( j = 0; j < pdu_subdiv_iteration_count[ tileID ][ patchIdx ]+1; j++ ) { pdu_sub_vertex_count_minus1[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ j ] ue(v) for( v = 0; v < pdu_sub_vertex_count_minus1 [ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ j ]+1; v++ ) { for( k = 0; k < 3; k++ ) { pdu_disp_abs_gt0[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ j ][ v ][ k ] ae(v) if (pdu_disp_abs_gt0[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ] [ v ][ k ]) { pdu_disp_sign[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ] [ v ][ k ] ae(v) pdu_disp _abs_gt1 [ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ] [ v ][ k ] ae(v) if (pdu_disp _abs_gt1 [ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ] [ v ][ k ]) pdu_disp_abs_rem[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ] se(v) Petição 870250081395, de 10 / 09 / 2025, pág. 37 / 264 31 / 65 patch_data_unit(patchIdx) { Descritor [ v ][ k ]}}}}}

[0101] pdu_vertex_count_minus1[tileID][patchIdx] indicates the number of vertices in a submesh corresponding to a patch with an index patchIdx in a tile with an index tileID.

[0102] pdu_subdiv_iteration_count[tileID][patchIdx] indicates the number of subdivision processing iterations for the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID.

[0103] pdu_sub_vertex_count_minus1[ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ j ] indicates the number of newly generated vertices from the j-th subdivision processing of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID.

[0104] pdu_disp_abs_gt0[tileID][patchIdx][j][v][k] indicates whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a displacement (or of the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex in the newly generated vertices from the j-th subdivision processing of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is greater than 0, where a value of 1 indicates that the value is greater than 0, and a value of 0 indicates that it is equal to 0.

[0105] pdu_disp_sign[ tileID ][ patchIdx ] [ j ][ v ][ k ] indicates whether the k-th component of the displacement (or the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex in the newly generated vertices from the j-th subdivision processing of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is greater than 0, where a value of 1 indicates that the Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 38 / 264 32 / 65 indicates a value greater than 0; a value of 0 indicates that the value is less than 0, and if not specified, its value is 1.

[0106] pdu_disp _abs_gt1 [ tileID ][ patchIdx ][ j ][ v ][ k ] indicates whether an absolute value of the k-th component of the displacement (or of the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex in the newly generated vertices from the j-th subdivision processing of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID is greater than 1, where a value of 1 indicates that the value is greater than 1, a value of 0 indicates that the value is less than 1, and, if not specified, its value is 0.

[0107] pdu_disp_abs_rem[tileID][patchIdx][v][k] indicates a value obtained by subtracting 2 from the k-th component of the displacement (or the coefficient after transformation and quantization, or similar) corresponding to the v-th vertex in the newly generated vertices from the j-th subdivision processing of the submesh corresponding to the patch with index patchIdx in the tile with index tileID, and, if not specified, its value is 0.

[0108] In this application, pdu_vertex_count_minus1[tileID][patchIdx] can be understood as the first field information; pdu_subdiv_iteration_count[tileID][patchIdx] can be understood as the sixth field information; pdu_sub_vertex_count_minus1[tileID][patchIdx][j] can be understood as the seventh field information; pdu_disp_abs_gt0[tileID][patchIdx][j][v][k] can be understood as the eighth field information; pdu_disp_sign[tileID][patchIdx][j][v][k] can be understood as the ninth field information; pdu_disp_abs_gt1[tileID][patchIdx][j][v][k] can be understood as the tenth field information; pdu_disp_abs_rem[tileID][patchIdx][j][v][k] can be understood as the eleventh field information.

[0109] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, the encoding structure of the encoding end is shown in FIG. 6, where the dashed box may represent an optional encoding process. For the implementation Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 39 / 264 33 / 65 specific to each coding process, reference can be made to the aforementioned modalities, and the details are not repeated here.

[0110] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides a coding processing method, applied to a coding end and which includes: To determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; and to perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where a shift encoding mode is an entropy encoding mode.

[0111] In this embodiment of the present application, the efficiency of displacement coding can be improved because the entropy coding mode is adopted to encode the displacement bitstream. Specifically, the coding process can further include texture map coding and assist information coding. That is, the method also includes: To encode assistance information to obtain an atlas bitstream; and to encode a texture map to be encoded to obtain a texture map bitstream.

[0112] For the coding processes of texture map coding and assistance information coding, please refer to the aforementioned modalities. Details are not described here again.

[0113] Optionally, due to the fact that a V3C structure uses the patch as the basic unit of data description, a submesh (i.e., the first mesh) corresponds to a patch, a tile is a unit that can be encoded and decoded independently, and a tile can include one or more patches, i.e., a tile can correspond to one or more submeshes, where the submesh is obtained by dividing an original input mesh. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present application, an offset corresponding to a vertex of the submesh is also described in the patch unit, and possible examples of syntax structure are shown in Table 4. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 40 / 264 34 / 65 above. That is, in one mode, the atlas bitstream can include at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; Fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0114] Alternatively, considering that a displacement is generated through subdivision processing and deformation processing, each subdivision processing can generate a new vertex, and a displacement of the newly generated vertex may present different statistical characteristics from a displacement of an original vertex. In entropy coding, considering the statistical characteristics between different displacement levels, different entropy coding modes and different context information can be adopted according to the levels. In addition to hierarchical division, the three components of a displacement can be coded by different entropy coders based on their respective Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 41 / 264 35 / 65 statistical characteristics. Entropy encoding modes for shifts of different subdivision levels are shown in Table 5. That is, in one mode, the atlas bitstream can include at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, wherein the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, wherein the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 42 / 264 36 / 65

[0115] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides a method of encoding processing, applied to a decoding end and which includes: obtain a target bitstream; and perform entropy decoding on the target bitstream to obtain a vertex shift.

[0116] Optionally, due to the fact that a V3C structure uses the patch as the basic unit of data description, a submesh (i.e., the first mesh) corresponds to a patch, a tile is a unit that can be encoded and decoded independently, and a tile can include one or more patches, i.e., a tile can correspond to one or more submeshes, where the submesh is obtained by dividing an original input mesh. Therefore, in this embodiment of the present application, an offset corresponding to a vertex of the submesh is also described in the patch unit, and possible examples of syntax structure are shown in Table 4 above. That is, in one embodiment, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream can include at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first displacement; wherein Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 43 / 264 37 / 65 the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0117] Alternatively, considering that a displacement is generated through subdivision processing and deformation processing, each subdivision processing can generate a new vertex, and a displacement of the newly generated vertex may present different statistical characteristics from a displacement of an original vertex. In entropy coding, considering the statistical characteristics between different displacement levels, different entropy coding modes and different context information can be adopted according to the levels. In addition to hierarchical division, the three components of a displacement can be coded by different entropy coders based on their respective statistical characteristics. Entropy coding modes for displacements of different subdivision levels are shown in Table 5.In other words, in one embodiment, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream may include at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 44 / 264 38 / 65 tenths field information, wherein the tenths field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and elevenths field information, wherein the elevenths field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0118] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides a decoding processing method. As shown in FIG. 7, the decoding processing method includes:

[0119] Step 701: Receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes a shift bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a shift bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

[0120] Step 702: Determine a target decoding mode based on target identification information.

[0121] Step 703: Decode the offset bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex offset.

[0122] In this embodiment of the present application, the target indication information may indicate the encoding mode explicitly or implicitly. As the encoding mode is indicated by the target indication information, the decoding end may obtain a vertex shift by means of decoding. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 45 / 264 39 / 65 using a corresponding decoding mode, which improves the flexibility of shift decoding.

[0123] Optionally, in some embodiments, in the case where the target decoding mode is an entropy decoding mode, the decoding of the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift includes any of the following: Insert the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder for decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift, and perform shift reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex shift to obtain the third vertex shift; and insert the shift bitstream into the entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain the third vertex shift.

[0124] In this embodiment of the present application, displacement reconstruction processing can be understood as a reverse processing of the aforementioned displacement processing, i.e., displacement reconstruction processing includes inverse coefficient quantization and inverse wavelet transform.

[0125] Optionally, in some embodiments, the target bitstream also includes a bitstream from the base mesh and a bitstream from the atlas, and the method also includes: Decode the bit stream from the atlas to obtain helpful information; Decode the bitstream of the base mesh based on the assistance information to obtain a reconstructed base mesh; Perform subdivision processing on the reconstructed base mesh based on the assistance information to obtain a reconstructed subdivision mesh; and perform deformation processing on the reconstructed subdivision mesh based on the third vertex displacement to obtain a target decoding mesh.

[0126] Optionally, the assistance information includes at least one of the following: initial encoding information corresponding to the base mesh bitstream, an encoding mode for the offset bitstream, and a parameter Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 46 / 264 40 / 65 processing for processing the shift of a first vertex shift; where the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bit stream.

[0127] In this embodiment of the present application, subdivision processing can be performed on the reconstructed base mesh based on information contained in the assistance information, such as a subdivision processing scheme or the number of iterations, to obtain a reconstructed subdivision mesh. After obtaining the reconstructed subdivision mesh, deformed mesh reconstruction can be performed based on the reconstructed subdivision mesh and the third vertex displacement information to obtain a reconstructed deformed mesh, in order to obtain a target decoded mesh.

[0128] Optionally, inserting the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder for decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift, and performing shift reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex shift to obtain the third vertex shift includes: In the case where the assistance information includes a processing parameter for processing the first vertex shift, insert the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift; and perform shift reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex shift based on the processing parameter to obtain the third vertex shift; where the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bitstream.

[0129] Optionally, inserting the shift bitstream into the entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain the third vertex shift includes: in the case where the assistance information does not include a processing parameter for the first displacement processing of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 47 / 264 41 / 65 vertex, insert the shift bit stream into the entropy decoder to perform the decoding to obtain the third vertex shift; where the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bit stream.

[0130] Optionally, shift processing includes wavelet transform and coefficient quantization.

[0131] Optionally, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream determined based on assistance information, the target identification information constitutes partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assistance information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding.

[0132] Optionally, target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

[0133] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first displacement; wherein Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 48 / 264 42 / 65 the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0134] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, where tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, where eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by processing Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 49 / 264 43 / 65 translation in a vertex displacement from the v-th vertex to the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0135] It should be noted that, in this embodiment of the present application, the decoding frame of the decoding end is shown in FIG. 8, where the dotted box can be represented as an optional decoding procedure. The following describes the decoding procedure in detail:

[0136] 1. Decoding of assistance information

[0137] The decoding end first determines a decoding scheme based on the assistance information, which mainly includes a displacement encoding mode, indicating whether a displacement is encoded by a video encoder or by the entropy encoder; a static mesh encoder type, indicating to the decoding end to use a corresponding static mesh decoder; a video encoder type, directing the decoding end to use a corresponding video decoder; and a subdivision processing scheme, i.e., a subdivision processing scheme for the base mesh during deformed mesh reconstruction, where the subdivision processing scheme of the encoding end needs to be consistent with that of the decoding end. There are also optional displacement spatial transformation schemes and coefficient arrangement schemes, or similar.

[0138] 2. Base mesh decoding. Base mesh decoding can be divided into intra-frame mode and inter-frame mode. In intra-frame mode, the module decodes an input base mesh bitstream via a decoder corresponding to a static mesh encoder indicated by the assistance information, and the decoded output is a three-dimensional mesh, including geometric information, connection relationships, texture coordinate information, and the like. In inter-frame mode, the module is responsible for decoding a motion vector corresponding to a vertex and then reconstructing a base mesh of a current frame based on a reference frame. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 50 / 264 44 / 65

[0139] 3. Shift Decoding. In the shift decoding process, it is necessary to determine a shift decoding mode based on an assist information identifier. If the assist information indicates encoding shift information using a video encoder, the decoding end calls the corresponding video decoder to decode a shift bitstream; or, if the assist information indicates encoding shift information using an entropy encoder, the entropy decoder is used directly for decoding.

[0140] For decoded displacement information, displacement vectors corresponding to vertices of a reconstructed subdivision mesh need to be obtained through displacement reconstruction. The displacement reconstruction operation mainly consists of performing inverse quantization and inverse transform of the decoded displacement information, i.e., wavelet coefficients, based on quantization parameters and transform parameters indicated by the assist information. For video decoding information, the corresponding displacement information needs to be extracted from a two-dimensional image based on an array form of the encoding end.

[0141] 4. Subdivision processing. The subdivision processing operation is the same as the coding end subdivision processing operation, and the assistance information indicates a subdivision processing method and the number of iterations for the base mesh.

[0142] 5. Reconstruction of a deformed mesh. After decoding and reconstructing the base mesh and displacement vector, a deformed mesh is reconstructed based on these two parts. A corresponding displacement vector is added to each vertex of the subdivision mesh, as shown in Equation (7): deformedmesh[z].v[&] = subdivmesh[z].v[£] + displacement[£] where subdivmesh[i].v[k] indicates the geometric coordinates of the k-th vertex of a current frame (with index i) after the subdivision processing on the mesh. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 51 / 264 45 / 65 base, dispiaceraentfk] indicates a spatial displacement vector corresponding to the k-th vertex, and deformedmesh[i].v[k] indicates the geometric coordinates of the k-th vertex of the current frame after subdivision processing and deformation processing.

[0143] 6. Decoding a displacement map. A texture map decoder is responsible for decoding a texture map bitstream, and the texture map bitstream is decoded by a video decoder indicated in the support information. An optional color space conversion is performed to obtain an image format that is consistent with a texture map inserted by an encoding end, in order to obtain a final decoded texture map.

[0144] After the above processes are completed, a final reconstructed target decoding mesh and a corresponding attribute map, obtained from the decoding end, are used as inputs for the corresponding processing.

[0145] In the coding processing method provided in this embodiment of the present application, the performing subject may be a coding processing apparatus. In the embodiments of the present application, the coding processing apparatus provided in the embodiments of the present application is described using the coding processing method performed by the coding processing apparatus as an example.

[0146] With regard to FIG. 9, an embodiment of the present application further provides a coding processing apparatus. As shown in FIG. 9, the coding processing apparatus 900 includes: a first processing module 901, configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; A first 902 encoding module, configured to perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the bitstream of the base mesh based on information from Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 52 / 264 46 / 65 displacement, displacement information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded; and a generation module 903, configured to generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, on the base mesh bitstream and on the displacement bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a displacement bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

[0147] Optionally, in the case where the encoding mode is entropy encoding mode, the first encoding module 902 is specifically configured to perform any of the following: Perform shift processing on the first vertex shifts to obtain second vertex shifts and insert the second vertex shifts into an entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream; and insert the first vertex shifts into the entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream.

[0148] Optionally, shift processing includes wavelet transform and coefficient quantization.

[0149] Optionally, the 903 generation module includes: an encoding unit, configured to encode assistance information to obtain a bit stream from the atlas, where the assistance information is used to aid a decoding end in decoding; a conversion unit, configured to perform texture conversion to obtain a target texture map based on a texture map to be encoded and the mesh to be encoded, and to perform compression encoding on the target texture map to obtain a texture map bitstream; and Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 53 / 264 47 / 65 is a multiplexing unit, configured to multiplex the base mesh bitstream, the offset bitstream, the atlas bitstream, and the texture map bitstream to obtain the target bitstream.

[0150] Optionally, the assistance information includes at least one of the following: first encoding information corresponding to the base mesh bitstream, second encoding information corresponding to the texture map bitstream, an encoding mode for the offset bitstream, and a processing parameter for processing the first vertex offset.

[0151] Optionally, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream determined based on assistance information, the target identification information constitutes partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assistance information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding.

[0152] Optionally, target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

[0153] Optionally, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; fourth field information, where the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 1; and Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 54 / 264 48 / 65 fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a predefined first value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0154] Optionally, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, where tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, where eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second displacement; where the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by realizing Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 55 / 264 49 / 65 of the j-th subdivision processing in a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex to the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing in a vertex offset from the v-th vertex to the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0155] The subject of execution of the decoding processing method provided in the embodiments of this application may be a decoding processing apparatus. In the embodiments of this application, the decoding processing apparatus provided in the embodiments of this application is described using the decoding processing method performed by the decoding processing apparatus as an example.

[0156] With regard to FIG. 10, one embodiment of the present application further provides a decoding processing apparatus. As shown in FIG. 10, the decoding processing apparatus 1000 includes: a receiving module 1001, configured to receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes a shift bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a shift bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode; a determination module 1002, configured to determine a target decoding mode based on target identification information; and a first decoding module 1003, configured to decode the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift.

[0157] Optionally, in the case where the target decoding mode is an entropy decoding mode, the first decoding module 1003 is specifically configured to perform any of the following: Insert the shift bit stream into an entropy decoder for decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift, and perform the Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 56 / 264 50 / 65 displacement reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex displacement to obtain the third vertex displacement; and inserting the displacement bitstream into the entropy decoder to perform the decoding to obtain the third vertex displacement.

[0158] Optionally, displacement reconstruction processing includes inverse coefficient quantization and inverse wavelet transform.

[0159] Optionally, the target bit stream also includes a base mesh bit stream and an atlas bit stream, and the 1000 decoding processing device also includes a mesh reconstruction module.

[0160] The first decoding module 1003 is still configured to decode the atlas bitstream to obtain assistance information.

[0161] The reconstruction module is configured to decode the bitstream of the base mesh based on the assistance information to obtain a reconstructed base mesh; perform subdivision processing on the reconstructed base mesh based on the assistance information to obtain a reconstructed subdivision mesh; and perform deformation processing on the reconstructed subdivision mesh based on the third vertex displacement to obtain a target decoding mesh.

[0162] Optionally, the assistance information includes at least one of the following: first encoding information corresponding to the base mesh bitstream, an encoding mode for the shift bitstream, and a processing parameter for shift processing of a first vertex shift; wherein the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bitstream.

[0163] Optionally, the first decoding module 1003 is specifically configured to: in the case where the assistance information includes a processing parameter for processing the shift of the first vertex shift, insert the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder to perform decoding for a fourth vertex shift; and perform shift reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex shift. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 57 / 264 51 / 65 based on the processing parameter to obtain the third vertex shift; where the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bit stream.

[0164] Optionally, the first decoding module 1003 is specifically configured to: in the case where the assistance information does not include a processing parameter for processing the first vertex shift, insert the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder to perform the decoding to obtain the third vertex shift; where the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bitstream.

[0165] Optionally, shift processing includes wavelet transform and coefficient quantization.

[0166] Optionally, the target bitstream includes an atlas bitstream determined based on assistance information, the target identification information constitutes partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assistance information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding.

[0167] Optionally, target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

[0168] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 58 / 264 52 / 65 fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0169] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenths of field information, where tenths of field information are used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 1; and Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 59 / 264 53 / 65 eleventh field information, wherein the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0170] The encoding processing apparatus and the decoding processing apparatus in the embodiments of this application may be an electronic device, such as an electronic device with an operating system, or a component in the electronic device, such as an integrated circuit or a chip. The electronic device may be a terminal or a device other than terminals. For example, the terminal may include, among others, the terminal types listed above, and other devices may be a server, a Network Attached Storage (NAS), and the like. This is not limited to the embodiments of this application.

[0171] The encoding processing apparatus and the decoding processing apparatus in the embodiments of the present application are capable of implementing the processes implemented in the embodiments of the method of FIGS. 3 to 8, obtaining the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are not described again in this document.

[0172] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides a coding processing apparatus, and the coding processing apparatus includes: a second processing module, configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; and Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 60 / 264 54 / 65 a second encoding module, configured to perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, where a shift encoding mode is an entropy encoding mode.

[0173] Optionally, the second encoding module is further configured to encode assistance information to obtain a bitstream from the atlas.

[0174] Optionally, the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; Fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0175] Optionally, the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 61 / 264 55 / 65 sixth field information, where sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; field octave information, where field octave information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, wherein the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, wherein the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0176] Optionally, an embodiment of the present application further provides a decoding processing apparatus, and the decoding processing apparatus includes: A first module is a get module, configured to obtain a target bitstream; and a second decode module is configured to perform entropy decoding on the target bitstream to obtain a vertex shift. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 62 / 264 56 / 65

[0177] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes at least one of the following: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; Second field information, where the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first displacement is equal to 0; third field information, where third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first displacement is greater than 0; Fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1; and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a first predefined value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

[0178] Optionally, the target bitstream also includes an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream includes: first field information, where the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, where the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, where the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 63 / 264 57 / 65 octave field information, where octave field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second displacement is greater than 0; ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, wherein the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second offset is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, wherein the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

[0179] Optionally, as shown in FIG. 11, an embodiment of the present application further provides a communication device 1100, including a processor 1101 and a memory 1102. A program or instructions that can be executed on the processor 1101 are stored in the memory 1102. For example, when the communication device 1100 is an encoding end device and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor 1101, the steps of the aforementioned embodiments of the encoding processing method are implemented, obtaining the same technical effects. When the communication device 1100 is a decoding end device and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor 1101, the processes of the aforementioned embodiment of the decoding processing method are Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 64 / 264 58 / 65 implemented, achieving the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are not described again in this document.

[0180] One embodiment of the present application further provides an electronic device, including a processor and a communication interface. When the electronic device is an encoding end, the processor is configured to determine a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be encoded; perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, where the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the base mesh bitstream based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded;and generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode; and when the electronic device is a decoding end, the communication interface is configured to receive a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes an offset bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode;and the processor is configured to determine a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and decode the offset bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex offset; or, Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 65 / 264 59 / 65 when the electronic device is an encoding end, the processor is configured to determine a base mesh bit stream based on a mesh to be encoded, and perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, where a shift encoding mode is an entropy encoding mode; and when the electronic device is a decoding end, the processor is configured to obtain a target bit stream and perform entropy decoding on the target bit stream to obtain a vertex shift.

[0181] The electronic device embodiment corresponds to the aforementioned embodiments of the method on the device side of the encoding / decoding end, and the implementation processes and implementations of the aforementioned method embodiment can be applied to the electronic device embodiment, obtaining the same technical effects. Specifically, FIG. 12 is a schematic diagram of a hardware structure of an electronic device according to an embodiment of the present application.

[0182] The electronic device 1200 includes, but is not limited to, at least some of the components such as a radio frequency unit 1201, a network module 1202, an audio output unit 1203, an input unit 1204, a sensor 1205, a display unit 1206, a user input unit 1207, an interface unit 1208, a memory 1209 and a processor 1210.

[0183] Persons skilled in the art may understand that the electronic device 1200 may also include a power supply (e.g., a battery) that provides power to various components. The power supply may be logically connected to the processor 1210 by means of a power management system, so that functions such as charge and discharge management and power consumption management are implemented by the use of the power management system. The structure of the electronic device shown in FIG. 12 does not constitute a limitation to the electronic device. The electronic device may include more or fewer components than are shown in the drawing, combine some of its components, or arrange them differently. The details are not described in this document. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 66 / 264 60 / 65

[0184] It can be understood that, in this embodiment of the present application, the input unit 1204 may include a graphics processing unit (GPU) 12041 and a microphone 12042. The graphics processing unit 12041 processes image data from a still photograph or video obtained by an image capture device (such as a camera) in video capture mode or image capture mode. The display unit 1206 may include a display panel 12061. The display panel 12061 may be configured in the form of a liquid crystal display, an organic light-emitting diode display, or the like. The user input unit 1207 includes at least one touch-sensitive panel 12071 and other input devices 12072. The touch-sensitive panel 12071 is also called a touch screen. The 12071 touch panel may include two parts: a touch detection device and a touch controller.Other 12072 input devices may include, but are not limited to, a physical keyboard, a function key (such as a volume control key or a power key), a trackball, a mouse, and a joystick. Details are not described in this document.

[0185] In this embodiment of the present application, after receiving downlink data from a network-side device, the radio frequency unit 1201 sends the downlink data to the processor 1210 for processing; and the radio frequency unit 1201 also sends uplink data to the network-side device. In general, the radio frequency unit 1201 includes, among other things, an antenna, an amplifier, a transceiver, a coupler, a low-noise amplifier, a duplexer, and the like.

[0186] Memory 1209 can be configured to store software programs or instructions and various data. Memory 1209 may primarily include a first storage area for storing programs or instructions and a second storage area for storing data, wherein the first storage area may store an operating system, an application program, or instructions necessary for at least one function (e.g., an audio playback function and an image playback function), and so on. Memory 1209 may include volatile memory or non-volatile memory, or memory 1209 may include both volatile and non-volatile memory. Non-volatile memory may be Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 67 / 264 61 / 65 a read-only memory (ROM), a programmable read-only memory (PROM), an erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), an electrically erasable programmable read-only memory (EPROM), or a flash memory. Volatile memory can be Random Access Memory (RAM), Static RAM (SRAM), Dynamic Random Access Memory (DRAM), Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (SDRAM), Double Data Rate Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (DDRSDRAM), Enhanced Synchronous Dynamic Random Access Memory (ESDRAM), Synchronous Link Dynamic Random Access Memory (SLDRAM), and Direct Rambus Random Access Memory (DRRAM).The memory 1209 described in the embodiments of this application is intended to include, but is not limited to, these and any other suitable types of memories.

[0187] The processor 1210 may include one or more processing units. Optionally, the processor 1210 may integrate an application processor and a modem processor. The application processor mainly processes operations involving an operating system, user interface, application program, or the like. The modem processor mainly processes radio communication, being, for example, a baseband processor. It may be understood that the modem processor may alternatively not be integrated into the processor 1210.

[0188] When the electronic device is an encoding end, the 1210 processor is configured to determine a base mesh bit stream based on a mesh to be encoded; perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, where the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the base mesh bit stream based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing processing of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 68 / 264 62 / 65 subdivision and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded; and generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream includes target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode. When the electronic device is a decoding end, the radio frequency unit 1201 is configured to receive a target bit stream, wherein the target bit stream includes a shift bit stream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a coding mode of the shift bit stream is a video coding mode or an entropy coding mode; and the processor 1210 is configured to determine a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and to decode the shift bit stream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift; Or, when the electronic device is an encoding end, the 1210 processor is configured to determine a base mesh bit stream based on a mesh to be encoded, and perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, wherein a shift encoding mode is an entropy encoding mode; and when the electronic device is a decoding end, the 1210 processor is configured to obtain a target bit stream and perform entropy decoding on the target bit stream to obtain a vertex shift.

[0189] An embodiment of the present application also provides a readable storage medium, wherein the readable storage medium stores a program or instructions and, when the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the processes of the aforementioned embodiments of the processing method Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 69 / 264 63 / 65 encoding or decoding processing methods are implemented, achieving the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are not described again in this document.

[0190] The processor is the processor of the aforementioned electronic device. The readable storage medium includes a computer-readable storage medium, such as a read-only computer memory (ROM), a random access memory (RAM), a magnetic disk, or an optical disk.

[0191] One embodiment of the present application provides a chip. The chip includes a processor and a communication interface. The communication interface is coupled to the processor. The processor is configured to execute a program or instructions to implement the processes of the aforementioned embodiments of the encoding processing method or decoding processing method, obtaining the same technical effect. To avoid repetition, the details are not described again in this document.

[0192] It should be borne in mind that the chip mentioned in this embodiment of the present application may also be called a system-level chip, system chip, system-on-a-chip, or similar terms.

[0193] One embodiment of the present application further provides a computer program / program product, wherein the computer program / program product is stored on a storage medium and, when executed by at least one processor, the computer program / program product is configured to implement the processes of the aforementioned embodiments of the encoding processing method or decoding processing method, obtaining the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are not repeated in this document.

[0194] One embodiment of the present application further provides a video encoding and decoding system, which includes an encoding end device and a decoding end device, wherein the encoding end device is configured to perform the processes of the encoding end device method embodiments shown in FIG. 3, and the Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 70 / 264 The 64 / 65 decoding end device is configured to execute the processes of the decoding end device method modes shown in FIG. 7, achieving the same technical effects. To avoid repetition, the details are not repeated in this document.

[0195] It should be noted that, in this specification, the terms include and comprise, or any of their variants, are intended to encompass a non-exclusive inclusion, such that a process, method, article, or apparatus that includes a list of elements does not include only those elements, but also other elements not expressly listed or, moreover, elements inherent to such process, method, article, or apparatus. Without further restrictions, an element preceded by includes a... does not exclude the presence of other identical elements in the process, method, article, or apparatus that includes the element. Furthermore, it should be noted that the scope of the method and apparatus in the implementations of the present application is not limited to the functions being performed in the order shown or discussed, but may also include functions being performed substantially at the same time or in reverse order, depending on the functions involved.For example, the described method can be performed in a different order than described, and various steps can be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, the features described with reference to some examples can be combined in other examples.

[0196] Through the aforementioned description of the implementations, persons skilled in the art can clearly understand that the method in the aforementioned embodiment can be implemented by software with a general hardware platform required. Certainly, the method in the aforementioned embodiment can also be implemented by hardware. However, in many cases, the first implementation is preferred. Based on such an understanding, the technical solutions of the present application, essentially or the part that contributes to the prior art, can be implemented in the form of a computer software product. The computer software product is stored on a storage medium (such as ROM / RAM, a magnetic disk, or an optical disk) and includes various instructions to instruct a terminal (which may be a mobile phone, a computer, a server, an air conditioner, a Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 71 / 264 65 / 65 network device or similar) to perform the methods described in the embodiments of this application.

[0197] The foregoing describes the embodiments of the present application with reference to the corresponding drawings. However, the present application is not limited to the specific embodiments mentioned above. The specific embodiments mentioned above are merely illustrative rather than restrictive. As instructed by the present application, persons skilled in the art may develop many other forms without departing from the principles of the present application and the scope of protection of the claims, and all such forms fall within the scope of protection of the present application. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page 72 / 264

Claims

1 / 9 CLAIMS 1. A coding processing method applied to a coding end, characterized in that it comprises: determining a base mesh bitstream based on a mesh to be coded; performing shift coding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream, wherein the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a shift order to a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the base mesh bitstream based on shift information, the shift information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be coded;and generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, in the base mesh bitstream and the offset bitstream, wherein the target bitstream comprises target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether an encoding mode of the offset bitstream is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

2. A method according to claim 1, characterized in that, in the case where the encoding mode is entropy encoding mode, performing shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bitstream comprises either of the following: performing shift processing on the first vertex shifts to obtain second vertex shifts and inserting the second vertex shifts into an entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream; and inserting the first vertex shifts into the entropy encoder to perform shift encoding to obtain the shift bitstream. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 73 / 264 2 / 9 3. Method according to claim 2, characterized in that the shift processing comprises wavelet transform and coefficient quantization.

4. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that the target bitstream comprises an atlas bitstream determined based on assist information, the target identification information is partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assist information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding.

5. A method, according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

6. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the target bitstream comprises an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream comprises at least one of the following: first field information, wherein the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; second field information, wherein the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first offset is equal to 0; third field information, wherein the third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 0; fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1;and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a predefined first value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset from the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

7. A method according to any one of claims 1 to 5, characterized in that the target bitstream comprises an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream comprises at least one of the following: first field information, wherein the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, wherein the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in a coding unit; seventh field information, wherein the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; eighth field information, wherein the eighth field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second shift is greater than 0;ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, where the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, where the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second displacement;wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by processing a translation in a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

8. Decoding processing method applied to a decoding end, characterized in that it comprises: receiving a target bitstream, wherein the target bitstream comprises a shift bitstream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate that a coding mode of the shift bitstream is a video coding mode or an entropy coding mode; determining a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and decoding the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift.

9. A method according to claim 8, characterized in that, where the target decoding mode is an entropy decoding mode, decoding the shift bitstream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift comprises either of the following: inserting the shift bitstream into an entropy decoder for decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift, and performing shift reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex shift to obtain the third vertex shift; and inserting the shift bitstream into the entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain the third vertex shift.

10. Method according to claim 9, characterized in that the displacement reconstruction processing comprises inverse coefficient quantization and inverse wavelet transform.

11. Method, according to claim 9, characterized by the fact that inserting the shift bit stream into an entropy decoder for decoding to obtain a fourth vertex shift, and performing the processing of Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p.76 / 264 5 / 9 displacement reconstruction on the fourth vertex displacement to obtain the third vertex displacement comprises: in the case where the assist information comprises a processing parameter for displacement processing of the first vertex displacement, inserting the displacement bitstream into an entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain a fourth vertex displacement; and performing displacement reconstruction processing on the fourth vertex displacement based on the processing parameter to obtain the third vertex displacement; wherein the assist information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding, and the first vertex displacement is used to determine the displacement bitstream.

12. A method according to claim 11, characterized in that inserting the shift bit stream into the entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain the third vertex shift comprises: in the case where the assist information does not comprise a processing parameter for processing the shift of the first vertex shift, inserting the shift bit stream into the entropy decoder to perform decoding to obtain the third vertex shift; wherein the first vertex shift is used to determine the shift bit stream.

13. Method according to claim 11 or 12, characterized in that the shift processing comprises wavelet transform and coefficient quantization.

14. A method, according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that the target bitstream comprises an atlas bitstream determined based on assistive information, the target identification information is partial information contained in the atlas bitstream, and the assistive information is used to assist a decoding end in decoding. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 77 / 264 6 / 9 15. A method, according to any one of claims 8 to 13, characterized in that target identification information is information used to indicate functions and algorithms that a decoding end needs to support.

16. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the target bit stream further comprises an atlas bit stream, and the atlas bit stream comprises at least one of the following: first field information, wherein the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; second field information, wherein the second field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a first offset is equal to 0; third field information, wherein the third field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 0; fourth field information, wherein the fourth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the first offset is greater than 1;and fifth field information, wherein the fifth field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a predefined first value from the k-th component of the first offset; wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the first offset indicates a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the first vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the first vertices, and both k and v are positive integers.

17. A method according to any one of claims 8 to 10, characterized in that the target bitstream further comprises an atlas bitstream, and the atlas bitstream comprises: first field information, wherein the first field information is used to indicate the number of first vertices; sixth field information, wherein the sixth field information is used to indicate the number of subdivision processing iterations for a first mesh in an encoding unit; seventh field information, wherein the seventh field information is used to indicate the number of second vertices; eighth field information, wherein the eighth field information is used to indicate whether an absolute value of the k-th component of a second shift is greater than 0;ninth field information, where the ninth field information is used to indicate whether the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 0; tenth field information, where the tenth field information is used to indicate whether the absolute value of the k-th component of the second displacement is greater than 1; and eleventh field information, where the eleventh field information is used to indicate a value obtained by subtracting a second predefined value from the k-th component of the second displacement;wherein the first vertex indicates a vertex corresponding to a first mesh in a coding unit, the second vertex indicates a vertex generated by performing the j-th subdivision processing on a first mesh in a coding unit, the second offset indicates a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the second vertices or an offset obtained by translation processing on a vertex offset of the v-th vertex in the second vertices, ej, kev are all positive integers.

18. Encoding processing apparatus, applied to an encoding end, characterized in that it comprises: a first processing module, configured to determine a base mesh bit stream based on a mesh to be encoded; a first encoding module, configured to perform shift encoding on the first vertex shifts to obtain a shift bit stream, wherein the first vertex shift is obtained by adjusting a Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, page.79 / 264 8 / 9 displacement order for a reconstructed base mesh that is obtained by reconstructing the bitstream of the base mesh based on displacement information, the displacement information is obtained by performing subdivision processing and deformation processing on a first mesh, and the first mesh is obtained by performing mesh simplification and mesh parameterization on the mesh to be encoded; and a generation module, configured to generate a target bitstream based on a texture map to be encoded corresponding to the mesh to be encoded, on the base mesh bitstream and on the displacement bitstream, wherein the target bitstream comprises target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a displacement bitstream encoding mode is a video encoding mode or an entropy encoding mode.

19. Decoding processing apparatus, applied to a decoding end, characterized in that it comprises: a receiving module, configured to receive a target bit stream, wherein the target bit stream comprises a shift bit stream and target identification information, and the target identification information is used to indicate whether a coding mode of the shift bit stream is a video coding mode or an entropy coding mode; a determination module, configured to determine a target decoding mode based on the target identification information; and a first decoding module, configured to decode the shift bit stream based on the target decoding mode to obtain a third vertex shift.

20. Electronic device, comprising a processor and a memory, characterized in that a program or instructions that can be executed in the processor are stored in the memory, and when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the encoding processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented, or, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the decoding processing method according to any one of claims 8 to 17 are implemented.

21. Readable storage medium, characterized in that the readable storage medium stores a program or instructions and, when the program or instructions are executed by a processor, the steps of the encoding processing method according to any one of claims 1 to 7 are implemented, or, when the program or instructions are executed by the processor, the steps of the decoding processing method according to any one of claims 8 to 17 are implemented. Petition 870250081395, dated 10 / 09 / 2025, p. 81 / 264

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