Channel or interference estimation for SC-FDM symbol streams

Abstract

This application describes techniques for wireless communication. A first method includes: inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence; performing a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, wherein the group of modulation symbols includes at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and generating a single-carrier frequency-domain modulated (SC-FDM) symbol stream based at least partially on the output of the DFT. A second method includes: performing an Indicator-Indicator Transform (IDFT) on the output of the DFT's tone modulation map for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream; estimating interference based at least partially on these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and decoding the data modulation symbols based at least partially on the estimated interference.

Description

[0001] Cross-referencing

[0002] This patent application claims priority to U.S. Patent Application No. 15 / 065,272, filed March 9, 2016, entitled “Channel or Interference Estimation for SC-FDM Symbol Streams”, and U.S. Provisional Patent Application No. 62 / 131,081, filed March 10, 2015, entitled “Interference Estimation for SC-FDM Symbol Streams”, each of which has been assigned to the assignee of this application. Technical Field

[0003] In general, this disclosure relates, for example, to wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to techniques for estimating interference associated with a single-carrier frequency division modulated (SC-FDM) symbol stream. Background Technology

[0004] Wireless communication systems have been widely deployed to provide various types of communication content, such as voice, video, packet data, messaging, broadcasting, and so on. These systems can be multiple access systems that support communication with multiple users by sharing available system resources (e.g., time, frequency, and power). Examples of such multiple access systems include Code Division Multiple Access (CDMA) systems, Time Division Multiple Access (TDMA) systems, Frequency Division Multiple Access (FDMA) systems, Single Carrier Frequency Division Multiple Access (SC-FDMA) systems (i.e., systems where different devices transmit different SC-FDM symbol streams on different orthogonal resources), and Orthogonal Frequency Division Multiple Access (OFDMA) systems.

[0005] For example, a wireless multiple access communication system may include multiple base stations, each of which simultaneously supports communication from multiple communication devices (or user equipment (UE)). The base station can communicate with the UE on downlink channels (e.g., for transmission from the base station to the UE) and uplink channels (e.g., for transmission from the UE to the base station).

[0006] Some operating modes enable communication between base stations and UEs via shared radio spectrum or via different radio spectrums within the cellular network (e.g., dedicated radio spectrum and shared radio spectrum). As data traffic increases on cellular networks using dedicated (e.g., licensed) radio spectrum, offloading at least some data traffic to shared radio spectrum can provide cellular operators with opportunities to increase data transmission capacity. Furthermore, shared radio spectrum can provide service in areas where access to dedicated radio spectrum is unavailable. Summary of the Invention

[0007] For example, this disclosure relates to wireless communication systems, and more specifically, to techniques for estimating interference associated with SC-FDM symbol streams. When an SC-FDM symbol stream is transmitted between a UE and a base station over a dedicated radio spectrum, the timing and structure (e.g., resource allocation and subframe structure) of the transmissions on the dedicated radio spectrum can be controlled, and steps can be taken to mitigate anticipated interference between transmissions. However, when an SC-FDM symbol stream is transmitted between a UE and a base station over a shared radio spectrum, wireless devices using other types of communication resources (e.g., wireless local area networks (WLANs) or Wi-Fi communication structures) may introduce interference of unknown nature, and detecting and removing this interference may be beneficial when decoding the data included in the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some cases, the interference may be bursty (e.g., intermittent and occurring within short time intervals), making it relatively more difficult to detect and remove.

[0008] In the first set of exemplary examples, a method for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the method may include: inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence; performing a discrete Fourier transform (DFT) on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, wherein the group of modulation symbols includes at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and generating an SC-FDM symbol stream based at least in part on the output of the DFT.

[0009] In some examples of this method, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol may include at least one of the following: a zero symbol or a known non-zero symbol. In some examples, the method may include: receiving a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction from a base station, wherein the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol is inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence according to the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction may be received in conjunction with a transmission grant from the base station. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction includes a semi-static instruction. In some examples, the method may further include: identifying a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction.

[0010] In some examples, the method may include: determining a user-specific insertion time offset; and inserting the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into the data modulation symbol sequence based on the user-specific insertion time offset. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols. In some examples, each of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may span all frequencies in several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol of the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence may be rate-matched to the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol rate.

[0011] In the exemplary examples of the second group, an apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include: units for inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence; units for performing a Directed Fourier Transform (DFT) on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, wherein the group of modulation symbols includes at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and units for generating an SC-FDM symbol stream, at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some examples, the apparatus may further include units for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communication method described above with respect to the exemplary examples of the first group.

[0012] In the exemplary examples of the third group, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include a processor, a memory electrically communicating with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executed by the processor to: insert channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence; perform a DFT on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, wherein the group of modulation symbols includes at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and generate an SC-FDM symbol stream based at least in part on the output of the DFT. In some examples, the instructions may also be executed by the processor to implement one or more aspects of the wireless communication methods described above with respect to the exemplary examples of the first group.

[0013] In the exemplary examples of the fourth group, a computer-readable medium is described for storing processor-executable instructions. In one configuration, the computer-readable medium may include: instructions for inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence; instructions for performing a DFT on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, wherein the group of modulation symbols includes at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and instructions for generating an SC-FDM symbol stream based at least in part on the output of the DFT. In some examples, the computer-readable medium may also include: instructions for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communication methods described above with respect to the exemplary examples of the first group.

[0014] In the exemplary examples of the fifth group, another method for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the method may include: performing an inverse DFT (IDFT) on the output of a tone modulation map of a DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream; estimating interference based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol; and decoding the data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated interference.

[0015] In some examples, the method may include: performing equalization on the output of each tone modulation map; wherein, on the output of each equalized tone modulation map, performing IDFT. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include at least one of the following: zero symbols or known non-zero symbols. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0016] In some examples, the method may include: receiving multiple SC-FDM symbol streams associated with different users; and recovering, from the different SC-FDM symbol streams, channel or interference estimation modulation symbols associated with different users, based on user-specific insertion time offsets. In some examples, decoding of a first plurality of data modulation symbols in a first modulation symbol group corresponding to a first SC-FDM symbol stream may be performed, at least in part, based on interference estimated for a first plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in a second modulation symbol group corresponding to a second SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0017] In the exemplary examples of the sixth group, another apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include: units for performing an IDFT on the output of a tone modulation map of a DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream; units for estimating interference at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol; and units for decoding the data modulation symbols at least in part based on the estimated interference. In some examples, the apparatus may also include units for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communication method described above with respect to the exemplary examples of the fifth group.

[0018] In the exemplary examples of Group 7, an apparatus for wireless communication is described. In one configuration, the apparatus may include a processor, a memory electrically communicating with the processor, and instructions stored in the memory. The instructions may be executed by the processor to: perform an IDFT on the output of a tone modulation map of a DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream; estimate interference based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol; and decode the data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated interference. In some examples, the instructions may also be executed by the processor to implement one or more aspects of the wireless communication method described above with respect to the exemplary examples of Group 5.

[0019] In the exemplary examples of Group 8, another computer-readable medium is described for storing processor-executable instructions. In one configuration, the computer-readable medium may include: instructions for performing an IDFT on the output of a tone modulation map of a DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream; instructions for estimating interference based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol; and instructions for decoding the data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated interference. In some examples, the computer-readable medium may also include: instructions for implementing one or more aspects of the wireless communication method described above with respect to the exemplary examples of Group 5.

[0020] To better understand the following detailed description, the features and technical advantages of the examples according to this disclosure have been generally summarized above. Further features and advantages will be described below. The disclosed concepts and specific examples can be readily used as the basis for modifying or designing other structures to perform the same purpose as this disclosure. These equivalent constructions do not depart from the scope of the appended claims. The characteristics of the concepts disclosed herein (regarding their organization and operation) and the associated advantages will be better understood when considering the following detailed description in conjunction with the accompanying drawings. Each of these drawings is provided for illustrative and descriptive purposes and not as a limitation of the invention. Attached Figure Description

[0021] A further understanding of the nature and advantages of the invention can be obtained by referring to the following figures. In the figures, similar parts or features have the same reference numerals. Furthermore, parts of the same type can be distinguished by adding a dashed line after the reference numeral and a second reference numeral for distinguishing similar parts. If only the first reference numeral is used in the description, the description is applicable to any similar part having the same first reference numeral, regardless of the second reference numeral.

[0022] Figure 1 An example of a wireless communication system is shown in accordance with various aspects of this disclosure;

[0023] Figure 2 Based on various aspects of this disclosure, wireless communication systems for LTE / LTE-A can be deployed in different scenarios using shared radio spectrum bands;

[0024] Figure 3 According to various aspects of this disclosure, the processing flow of SC-FDM transmission between the transmitter and receiver is illustrated;

[0025] Figure 4 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication is shown;

[0026] Figure 5 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication is shown;

[0027] Figure 6 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication is shown;

[0028] Figure 7 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of an apparatus for use in wireless communication is shown;

[0029] Figure 8 Based on various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of a UE for use in wireless communication is shown;

[0030] Figure 9 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram of a base station (e.g., a base station forming part or all of an eNB) for use in wireless communication is shown.

[0031] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication, based on various aspects of this disclosure;

[0032] Figure 11 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication, based on various aspects of this disclosure;

[0033] Figure 12 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication, based on various aspects of this disclosure; and

[0034] Figure 13 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method for wireless communication, based on various aspects of this disclosure. Detailed Implementation

[0035] This describes techniques for using shared radio spectrum for at least a portion of communication on a wireless communication system. In some examples, shared radio spectrum can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication. Shared radio spectrum can be used in conjunction with or independently of dedicated radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum can be radio spectrum where transmitting devices do not have to contend for access because it is licensed to specific users for specific purposes, such as licensed radio spectrum that can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication. Shared radio spectrum can be radio spectrum where transmitting devices contend for access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner).

[0036] As data traffic increases on cellular networks using dedicated radio spectrum, offloading at least some data traffic to shared radio spectrum can provide cellular operators (e.g., operators of Public Land Mobile Networks (PLMNs) or sets of cooperating base stations for cellular networks such as LTE / LTE-A networks) with opportunities to increase data transmission capacity. Furthermore, the use of shared radio spectrum can provide service in areas where access to dedicated radio spectrum is unavailable. However, the use of shared radio spectrum can expose transmissions (e.g., the transmission of SC-FDM symbol streams between UEs and base stations) to burst interference. Detecting and removing burst interference can improve the decoding process of data included in the SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0037] The following description provides examples, but it is not intended to limit the scope, applicability, or examples set forth in the claims. The function and arrangement of the constituent elements discussed may be changed without departing from the scope of this disclosure. Various processes or components may be omitted, substituted, or added as needed in the examples. For example, the described methods may be performed in a different order than described, and steps may be added, omitted, or combined. Furthermore, features described in some examples may be combined in other examples.

[0038] Figure 1According to various aspects of this disclosure, an example of a wireless communication system 100 is shown. The wireless communication system 100 may include a base station 105, a UE 115, and a core network 130. The core network 130 may provide user authentication, access authorization, tracking, Internet Protocol (IP) connectivity, and other access, routing, or mobility functions. The base station 105 interacts with the core network 130 via a backhaul link 132 (e.g., S1, etc.) and may perform radio configuration and scheduling for communication with the UE 115, or may operate under the control of a base station controller (not shown). In various examples, the base stations 105 may communicate directly or indirectly with each other (e.g., via the core network 130) via a backhaul link 134 (e.g., X1, etc.), where the backhaul link 134 may be a wired communication link or a wireless communication link.

[0039] Base station 105 can wirelessly communicate with UE 115 via one or more base station antennas. Each of the base station 105 sites can provide communication coverage for its respective geographic coverage area 110. In some examples, base station 105 may be referred to as a base transceiver, wireless base station, access point, wireless transceiver, Node B, evolved Node B (eNB), home node B, home eNodeB, or some other suitable term. The geographic coverage area 110 of base station 105 can be divided into sectors (not shown) that constitute only a part of the coverage area. Wireless communication system 100 may include different types of base stations 105 (e.g., macro base stations or small cell base stations). The geographic coverage areas 110 of different technologies may overlap.

[0040] In some examples, wireless communication system 100 may include an LTE / LTE-A network. In an LTE / LTE-A network, the term Evolved Node B (eNB) is used to describe base station 105, while the term UE is used to describe UE 115. Wireless communication system 100 may be a heterogeneous LTE / LTE-A network, in which different types of eNBs provide coverage for various geographic areas. For example, each base station 105 may provide communication coverage for macro cells, small cells, or other types of cells. The term "cell" is a 3GPP term that, depending on the context, can be used to describe a base station, a carrier or component carrier associated with a base station, or the coverage area of ​​a carrier or base station (e.g., a sector, etc.).

[0041] Macro cells cover a relatively large geographic area (e.g., a radius of several kilometers), allowing unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. In contrast, small cells can be low-power base stations that operate in the same or different (e.g., dedicated, shared, etc.) spectrum as macro cells. Depending on the example, small cells can include picocells, femtocells, and microcells. A picocell can cover a relatively small geographic area, allowing unrestricted access for UEs with service subscriptions to a network provider. Conversely, a femtocell can also cover a relatively small geographic area (e.g., a home), providing restricted access to UEs associated with that femtocell (e.g., UEs in a closed user group (CSG), UEs for users in a home, etc.). An eNB used for a macro cell can be called a macro eNB. An eNB used for a small cell can be called a small cell eNB, pico eNB, femtocell eNB, or home eNB. An eNB can support one or more (e.g., two, three, four, etc.) cells (e.g., component carriers).

[0042] The wireless communication system 100 can support synchronous or asynchronous operation. For synchronous operation, base stations can have similar frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations are approximately time-aligned. For asynchronous operation, base stations can have different frame timing, and transmissions from different base stations are not time-aligned. The techniques described herein can be used for both synchronous and asynchronous operations.

[0043] Communication networks adapting to various publicly available examples can be packet-based networks operating according to a layered protocol stack. In the user plane, communication at the bearer or Packet Data Convergence Protocol (PDCP) layer can be IP-based. The Radio Link Control (RLC) layer can perform packet segmentation and reassembly for communication over logical channels. The Media Access Control (MAC) layer can perform priority processing and multiplexing of logical channels to transport channels. The MAC layer can also use Hybrid ARQ (HARQ) to provide MAC layer retransmissions to improve link efficiency. In the control plane, the Radio Resource Control (RRC) protocol layer can provide the establishment, configuration, and maintenance of RRC connections between UE 115 and base station 105 or core network 130, where core network 130 supports radio bearers for user plane data. At the physical (PHY) layer, transport channels can be mapped to physical channels.

[0044] UE 115 can be distributed throughout the wireless communication system 100, and each UE 115 can be stationary or mobile. UE 115 may also include, or be referred to by those skilled in the art, as a mobile station, user station, mobile unit, user cell, radio unit, remote unit, mobile device, radio device, wireless communication device, remote device, mobile user station, access terminal, mobile terminal, radio terminal, remote terminal, handheld device, user agent, mobile client, client, or some other suitable term. UE 115 can be a cellular phone, personal digital assistant (PDA), wireless modem, wireless communication device, handheld device, tablet computer, laptop computer, cordless phone, wireless local loop (WLL) station, etc. The UE is capable of communicating with various types of base stations and network equipment, including macro eNBs, small cell eNBs, relay base stations, etc.

[0045] The communication link 125 shown in the wireless communication system 100 may include a downlink (DL) transmission from base station 105 to UE 115 or an uplink (UL) transmission from UE 115 to base station 105. The downlink transmission may also be referred to as the forward link transmission, and the uplink transmission may also be referred to as the reverse link transmission.

[0046] In some examples, each communication link 125 may include one or more carriers, where each carrier may be a signal composed of multiple subcarriers (e.g., waveform signals of different frequencies), wherein these subcarriers are modulated according to the various wireless techniques described above. The modulated signals may be transmitted on different subcarriers and may carry control information (e.g., reference signals, control channels, etc.), overhead information, user data, etc. Communication link 125 may transmit bidirectional communication using frequency-domain duplex (FDD) operation (e.g., using paired spectrum resources) or time-domain duplex (TDD) operation (e.g., using unpaired spectrum resources). Frame structures for FDD operation (e.g., frame structure type 1) and frame structures for TDD operation (e.g., frame structure type 2) may be specified.

[0047] In some examples of the wireless communication system 100, the base station 105 or UE 115 may include multiple antennas to improve the communication quality and reliability between the base station 105 and UE 115 using an antenna diversity scheme. Alternatively, the base station 105 or UE 115 may use multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) technology to take full advantage of multipath environments to transmit multiple spatial layers carrying the same or different coded data.

[0048] The wireless communication system 100 can support operation on multiple cells or carriers, a feature that can be referred to as carrier aggregation (CA) or dual connectivity operation. A carrier can also be referred to as a component carrier (CC), layer, channel, etc. The terms "carrier," "component carrier," "cell," and "channel" are used interchangeably in this document. The UE 115 can be configured with multiple downlink CCs and one or more uplink CCs for carrier aggregation. Carrier aggregation can be used in conjunction with FDD and TDD component carriers.

[0049] In some examples, the wireless communication system 100 may support dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum in which the transmitting device does not have to compete for access because the radio spectrum is licensed to a specific user for a specific purpose, such as licensed radio spectrum that can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication) or shared radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum in which the transmitting device competes for access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner)).

[0050] In some examples, base station 105 or UE 115 may use resource blocks (RBs) for transmission, which may have 12 x 14 = 168 resource elements (REs; e.g., 12 frequency subcarriers multiplied by 14 symbol periods in a subframe). In some examples, 100 resource blocks may be allocated in parallel for downlink or uplink transmissions within a shared radio spectrum. In some examples (e.g., in the case of uplink transmissions), resources allocated to a transmitter (e.g., RBs) may be interleaved with resources allocated to one or more other transmitters. In some examples, one or more interleaved blocks of resources may be allocated to a transmitter (e.g., one or more of ten interleaved blocks, where each interleaved block comprises a set of ten resource blocks interleaved with other resource blocks in a span of shareable radio spectrum). Alternatively, resources for connectivity may be allocated to a transmitter.

[0051] like Figure 1As shown, one or more WLAN access points 145 or other devices (e.g., WLAN stations) can transmit or receive within the coverage area of ​​the wireless communication system 100 (e.g., within the coverage area of ​​base station 105 or within the communication range of UE 115). Access points 145 or other devices can transmit signals using the shared radio spectrum used by base station 105 and UE 115. In some cases, base station 105 and UE 115 may compete for access to the shared radio spectrum and transmit a channel reservation signal on the shared radio spectrum, which prevents access points 145 or other devices from transmitting signals on the shared radio spectrum when base station 105 or UE 115 is transmitting. However, there may be scenarios where access points 145 or other devices fail to receive the channel reservation signal and then transmit, thus interfering with the transmission between base station 105 and UE 115. Sometimes, the transmissions of access points 145 or other devices may be bursty (e.g., these transmissions may last less than one millisecond (ms)). This disclosure describes techniques for estimating such burst interference (in some cases, subtracting such burst interference from the data modulation symbols during decoding of the data modulation symbols).

[0052] Figure 2 Based on various aspects of this disclosure, a wireless communication system 200 capable of deploying LTE / LTE-A in different scenarios using shared radio spectrum bands is illustrated. Specifically, Figure 2 Examples of supplemental downlink mode (also known as licensed secondary access mode), carrier aggregation mode, and standalone mode are shown, in which shared radio spectrum is used to deploy LTE / LTE-A. Wireless communication system 200 can be a reference. Figure 1 This is an example of a portion of the described wireless communication system 100. Furthermore, the first base station 205 and the second base station 205-a can be referenced. Figure 1 Examples of one or more aspects of the described base station 105, wherein the first UE 215, the second UE 215-a, the third UE 215-b, and the fourth UE 215-c may be referenced. Figure 1 Examples of one or more aspects of the described UE 115.

[0053] In an example of a supplemental downlink mode (e.g., licensed assisted access mode) in the wireless communication system 200, the first base station 205 may use downlink channel 220 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to the first UE 215. Downlink channel 220 may be associated with frequency F1 in a shared radio spectrum. The first base station 205 may use a first bidirectional link 225 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to the first UE 215 and to receive SC-FDMA waveforms from the first UE 215. The first bidirectional link 225 may be associated with frequency F4 in a dedicated radio spectrum. The downlink channel 220 in the shared radio spectrum and the first bidirectional link 225 in the dedicated radio spectrum may operate simultaneously. Downlink channel 220 may provide downlink capacity offload for the first base station 205. In some examples, downlink channel 220 may be used for unicast services (e.g., addressing to one UE) or for multicast services (e.g., addressing to several UEs). This scenario is likely to occur with any service provider (e.g., a mobile network operator (MNO)) that uses dedicated radio spectrum and benefits from mitigating some of the traffic or signaling congestion.

[0054] In one example of carrier aggregation mode in wireless communication system 200, first base station 205 can use second bidirectional link 230 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to second UE 215-a and receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms, or resource block interleaved FDMA waveforms from second UE 215-a using second bidirectional link 230. Second bidirectional link 230 can be associated with frequency F1 in shared radio spectrum. First base station 205 can also use third bidirectional link 235 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to second UE 215-a and receive SC-FDMA waveforms from second UE 215-a using third bidirectional link 235. Third bidirectional link 235 can be associated with frequency F2 in dedicated radio spectrum. Second bidirectional link 230 can provide downlink and uplink capacity offloading for first base station 205. Similar to the supplementary downlink described above (e.g., licensed assisted access mode), this scenario may occur for any service provider (e.g., MNO) using dedicated radio spectrum and benefiting from mitigating some of the traffic or signaling congestion.

[0055] In one example of carrier aggregation mode in wireless communication system 200, first base station 205 can use fourth bidirectional link 240 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to third UE 215-c, and can use fourth bidirectional link 240 to receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms, or resource block interleaved waveforms from third UE 215-b. Fourth bidirectional link 240 can be associated with frequency F3 in the shared radio spectrum. First base station 205 can also use fifth bidirectional link 245 to transmit OFDMA waveforms to third UE 215-b, and can use fifth bidirectional link 245 to receive SC-FDMA waveforms from third UE 215-b. Fifth bidirectional link 245 can be associated with frequency F2 in the dedicated radio spectrum. Fourth bidirectional link 240 can provide downlink and uplink capacity offloading for first base station 205. This example, and those provided above, are merely illustrative; other similar operating modes or deployment scenarios may exist that combine LTE / LTE-A in the dedicated radio spectrum with shared radio spectrum for capacity offloading.

[0056] As mentioned above, one type of service provider that can benefit from the capacity offloading provided by using LTE / LTE-A in shared radio spectrum is a traditional MNO with access rights to dedicated LTE / LTE-A radio spectrum. An operational example for these service providers may include a bootstrapped mode (e.g., supplementary downlink (e.g., licensed secondary access), carrier aggregation) using LTE / LTE-A primary component carriers (PCCs) on dedicated radio spectrum and at least one secondary component carrier (SCC) on shared radio spectrum.

[0057] In carrier aggregation mode, data and control can be transmitted, for example, in dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., via first bidirectional link 225, third bidirectional link 235, and fifth bidirectional link 245), while data can be transmitted, for example, in shared radio spectrum (e.g., via second bidirectional link 230 and fourth bidirectional link 240). The carrier aggregation mechanism supported when using shared radio spectrum can fall under hybrid frequency division duplex-time division duplex (FDD-TDD) carrier aggregation or TDD-FDD carrier aggregation with different symmetries among the component carriers.

[0058] In one example of standalone mode in wireless communication system 200, second base station 205-a can transmit OFDMA waveforms to fourth UE 215-c using bidirectional link 250, and can also receive OFDMA waveforms, SC-FDMA waveforms, or resource block interleaved FDMA waveforms from fourth UE 215-c using bidirectional link 250. Bidirectional link 250 can be associated with frequency F3 in the shared radio spectrum. Standalone mode can be used in non-traditional wireless access scenarios such as in-venue access (e.g., unicast, multicast). An example of a type of service provider for this operating mode could be a stadium owner, cable television company, event organizer, hotel, enterprise, or large company that does not have access to dedicated radio spectrum.

[0059] Figure 3 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a processing stream 300 for SC-FDM transmission between transmitter 315 and receiver 305 is shown. Transmitter 315 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of some aspects of one or more of the described UEs 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, or 215-c, the receiver 305 may be a reference Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of some aspects of one or more of the described base stations 105, 205, or 205-a.

[0060] At transmitter 315, at 330, a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 325 (e.g., 0) can be inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence 320 (e.g., data modulation symbols x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, ...). These data modulation symbols can include any of Quadrature Phase Shift Keying (QPSK) symbols, 16-QAM symbols, 64-QAM symbols, etc. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol can include zero symbols or known non-zero symbols (i.e., symbols with values ​​known a priori to receiver 305). In some cases, known non-zero symbols can be used to enhance the channel estimation at transmitter 315. On the other hand, interference measured based on known non-zero symbols can deviate from the channel estimation scaling error (this may be applicable to 16-QAM or 64-QAM symbols because the channel estimation scaling error increases the measured interference, but it is less desirable for QPSK symbols because the channel estimation scaling error does not significantly increase the measured interference). In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence 320 can be rate-matched with the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols 325. This rate matching can be adaptive, for example, using a lower-order modulation scheme and requiring fewer channel or interference estimation modulation symbols to match the data modulation symbol sequence rate (and vice versa if a higher-order modulation scheme is used).

[0061] In some examples, a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 325 may be inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence 320 in response to an instruction (e.g., a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction) sent from transmitter 315 to receiver 305. This instruction may be received at receiver 305 in conjunction with transmission grant (e.g., uplink grant) or control signaling. The instruction may include a semi-static instruction or a dynamic instruction. In some examples, receiver 305 may identify a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy based at least in part on this instruction. Furthermore, receiver 305 may determine a user-specific (e.g., UE-specific) insertion time offset to insert the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 325.

[0062] At 335, a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT; e.g., an N-point DFT) can be performed on the group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence. This group of modulation symbols may include at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. After the DFT, an SC-FDM symbol stream can be generated. In some examples, generating the SC-FDM symbol stream may include performing a tone mapping 340 (i.e., subcarrier mapping) at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some systems, this tone mapping may be performed on consecutive tones; however, it may also be performed on discontinuous tones. From the output of the tone mapping, an Inverse Fast Fourier Transform (IFFT; e.g., an M-point IFFT) 345 is performed. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol of the SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0063] At 350, an SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted from transmitter 315 to receiver 305. When transmitter 315 is a UE, the SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted to the base station on the uplink channel. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols can be included in each SC-FDM symbol of the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted via shared radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equivalent or priority manner).

[0064] Receiver 305 can receive SC-FDM symbol streams transmitted by transmitter 315, and at 355, perform a Fast Fourier Transform (FFT; e.g., M-point FFT) on the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, receiver 305 can receive multiple SC-FDM symbol streams in parallel, wherein different SC-FDM symbol streams are received from different users (e.g., different transmitters or UEs) (not shown), and can perform an FFT on each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0065] At 360, tone modulation mapping can be performed on the output of each DFT, and equalization and channel estimation can be performed on the output of the tone modulation mapping for each DFT. Since the equalization may be imperfect, residual ISI may be retained after equalization, which could distort the interference estimation at 385. However, the residual ISI can be considered as part of the channel or interference estimation output and can be removed during decoding.

[0066] At 365, an inverse DFT (IDFT) can be performed on the output of each equalized tone modulation map to recover multiple data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols 370 corresponding to each received SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, data modulation symbols 375 (e.g., data modulation symbols x0, x1, x2, x3, x4, x5, ...) can be separated from channel or interference estimation modulation symbols 380 (e.g., n0, n1, n2, ...). In some examples, channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to different users can be recovered from different SC-FDM symbol streams based on user-specific insertion time offsets.

[0067] At 385, interference (e.g., signal-to-noise ratio (SNR)) can be estimated (e.g., measured) based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 380. When the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 380 includes known non-zero symbols, the channel or interference can be estimated based on the signal remaining after subtracting the known non-zero symbols from the corresponding channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 380. At 390, the data modulation symbol 375 can be decoded at least in part based on the estimated interference.

[0068] In some examples of processing stream 300, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 325 inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence 320 may have a reduced modulation order relative to these data modulation symbols. This allows receiver 305 to perform more reliable symbol-level constellation point detection for the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol 325.

[0069] During the transmission of the SC-FDM symbol stream, at 350, channel or interference estimation modulation symbols can span all frequencies across several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. However, in some cases, there may be limitations regarding the time span. For example, assume that 100 consecutive resource blocks are allocated to transmitter 315, and a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol (with rate matching) is inserted at the position of every 100th modulation symbol in the data modulation symbol sequence 320. This means: a T is taken every 5 microseconds (μs). S=32 nanoseconds (ns) of interference samples. A potential benefit of this is the granularity of sub-symbol channel or interference estimation (e.g., if a 5 μs interference burst is detected, receiver 305 can reduce its log-likelihood ratio (LLR) test for the 5 μs received symbol stream, but still process the remaining 55 μs). However, if the interference burst lasts less than 5 μs, it may not be detected. Furthermore, to achieve statistically significant interference measurement, more than one single interference sample should be obtained. To mitigate these issues, transmitters sending SC-FDM symbol streams to receiver 305 in parallel can insert channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into the corresponding data modulation symbol sequences based on user-specific insertion time offsets (i.e., different insertion time offsets). Receiver 305 can then estimate the channel or interference based on the measured channel or interference (which is associated with channel or interference estimation modulation symbols inserted into different sequences of modulated data symbols by different transmitters). In fact, at 390, decoding of the first plurality of data modulation symbols in the first modulation symbol group corresponding to the first SC-FDM symbol stream can be performed at least in part based on the interference estimated for the first plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in the second modulation symbol group corresponding to the second SC-FDM symbol stream (or based on the channel response or interference estimated for the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to a plurality of other SC-FDM symbol streams). Furthermore, decoding of the first modulation symbol group can also be performed at least in part based on the interference estimated for the second plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in the first modulation symbol group.

[0070] In the interleaved resource allocation, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols inserted by transmitter 315 into the data modulation symbol sequence 320 may not have a one-to-one correspondence with the transmitted time samples of the SC-FDM symbol stream transmitted at 350. However, there is still a setting-related correspondence between the inserted channel or interference estimation modulation symbols and a set of data modulation symbols (e.g., at 335, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in the first part of the input for the DFT will be mostly sensitive to interference in the first part of the corresponding SC-FDM symbols).

[0071] In the example of processing flow 300 allocating one or more interleaves (i.e., frequency interleaves) of transmission resources to transmitter 315, transmitter 315 can implement a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy for each allocated interleave, per SC-FDM symbol, inserting a fixed number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. For example, the insertion strategy can specify that four channel or interference estimation modulation symbols are inserted for each allocated interleave. Therefore, if N interleaves are allocated to transmitter 315, transmitter 315 can insert 4N channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each SC-FDM symbol. If each interleave of transmission resources comprises ten resource blocks transmitted in parallel, where each resource block comprises twelve tones (or subcarriers), then inserting four channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each interleave represents an insertion detection modulation symbol overhead of approximately 3%. In this example, the index of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol can be determined, for example, using the following algorithm:

[0072]

[0073] In addition to (or alternative to) reference Figure 3 In the described processing flow 300, receiver 305 (e.g., base station) can reserve some resources (e.g., resource blocks or frequency interleavings) for unscheduled transmitter 315 (e.g., unscheduled UE). Subsequently, the interleavings associated with these resources can be estimated (e.g., measured), assuming the estimated interleavings are the same for the scheduled transmitters, and used for decoding data modulation symbols received for the scheduled transmitters. It is noteworthy that in some examples, measuring the channel or interference estimate of the broadband interference increment between modulation symbols may be sufficient, and then the measured increment is added to the subband-related interference measured based on one or more demodulation reference symbols (DM-RS).

[0074] In addition, besides (or alternatives to) reference Figure 3In addition to the described processing flow 300, receiver 305 can use a conservative modulation and coding scheme (MCS) to schedule some resources. Modulation symbols transmitted using a conservative (e.g., a lower) MCS can be decoded, even though these modulation symbols are associated with a higher level of interference. After decoding the modulation symbols transmitted using the conservative MCS, receiver 305 can subtract the decoded modulation symbols from their corresponding symbol positions to obtain a residual signal. This residual signal represents the interference associated with the modulation symbols, and it can be measured to quantify the interference associated with the decoded modulation symbols. Subsequently, the measured interference can be subtracted from other modulation symbols to increase the probability of decoding these other modulation symbols. In an alternative to using conservative MCS, interference associated with successfully decoded modulation symbols in one channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Control Channel (PUCCH), Sounding Reference Signal (SRS), or Physical Random Access Channel (PRACH)) can be estimated and subtracted from another channel (e.g., Physical Uplink Shared Channel (PUSCH)) to increase the probability of decoding modulation symbols received in that other channel.

[0075] Figure 4 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 400 is shown of an apparatus 415 for use in wireless communication. Apparatus 415 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of one or more aspects of UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, or 215-c, or references to Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the transmitter 315 described herein. Furthermore, the device 415 may also be or include a processor. The device 415 may include a receiver module 410, a wireless communication management module 420, or a transmitter module 430. Each of these modules can communicate with each other.

[0076] These modules in device 415 can be implemented individually or collectively using one or more application-specific integrated circuits (ASICs), wherein these ASICs are adapted to perform some or all of these applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, these functions can be performed by one or more other processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits (e.g., structured / platform ASICs, field-programmable gate arrays (FPGAs), system-on-a-chip (SoCs), or other semi-custom ICs) can be used, wherein these integrated circuits can be programmed in any manner known in the art. Furthermore, the functionality of each module can also be implemented, wholly or partially, using instructions embodied in memory and formatted for execution by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors.

[0077] In some examples, receiver module 410 may include at least one radio frequency (RF) receiver, for example, at least one RF receiver that can be used to receive transmissions on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device does not have contention access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to a specific user for a specific purpose, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device has contention access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner). In some examples, both dedicated and shared radio spectrum can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication, for example, as referred to Figure 1 or Figure 2 As described. Receiver module 410 can be used in one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 or Figure 2 On one or more communication links of the described wireless communication system 100 or 200, various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) are received. These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum.

[0078] In some examples, transmitter module 430 may include at least one RF transmitter, for example, at least one RF transmitter that can be used to transmit signals on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Transmitter module 430 can be used to transmit signals via one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 Or one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described in 2, transmitting various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions). These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum bands.

[0079] In some examples, the wireless communication management module 420 can be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for device 415. In some examples, the wireless communication management module 420 may include a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 435, a DFT module 440, or an SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 445.

[0080] The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 435 can be used to insert channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence. In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence can be rate-matched to these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols.

[0081] DFT module 440 can be used to perform DFT on a group of modulation symbols in a data modulation symbol sequence. The group of modulation symbols may include at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

[0082] The SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 445 can be used to generate an SC-FDM symbol stream at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some examples, generating the SC-FDM symbol stream may include performing tone mapping at least partially based on the output of the DFT, and performing an IFFT on the output of the tone mapping. The SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted to a receiver via the transmitter module 430 (e.g., the SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted to a base station on an uplink channel). In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted via a shared radio spectrum.

[0083] In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may span all frequencies across several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol of the SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0084] Figure 5 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 500 is shown of an apparatus 515 for use in wireless communication. Apparatus 515 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of one or more aspects of the described UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, or 215-c are provided with reference to Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the transmitter 315 described, or refer to Figure 4 Examples of aspects of the described device 415. Furthermore, device 515 may also be or include a processor. Device 515 may include a receiver module 510, a wireless communication management module 520, or a transmitter module 530. Each of these modules can communicate with each other.

[0085] These modules in device 515 can be implemented individually or collectively using one or more ASICs, wherein these ASICs are adapted to perform some or all of these applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, these functions can be performed by one or more other processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits (e.g., structured / platform ASICs, FPGAs, SoCs, or other semi-custom ICs) can be used, wherein these integrated circuits can be programmed in any manner known in the art. Furthermore, the functionality of each module can also be implemented, either wholly or partially, using instructions embodied in memory and formatted for execution by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors.

[0086] In some examples, receiver module 510 may include at least one RF receiver, for example, at least one RF receiver that can be used to receive transmissions on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device does not have contention access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to a specific user for a specific purpose, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device has contention access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner). In some examples, both dedicated and shared radio spectrum can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication, for example, as referred to Figure 1 or Figure 2 As described. In some cases, receiver module 510 may include separate receivers corresponding to dedicated radio spectrum and shared radio spectrum. In some examples, these separate receivers may take the form of an LTE / LTE-A receiver module for communication on dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A receiver module 512 for dedicated RF spectrum) and an LTE / LTE-A receiver module for communication on shared radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A receiver module 514 for shared RF spectrum). Receiver module 510, including LTE / LTE-A receiver module 512 for dedicated RF spectrum or LTE / LTE-A receiver module 514 for shared RF spectrum, can be used in one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 or Figure 2On one or more communication links of the described wireless communication system 100 or 200, various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) are received. These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum.

[0087] In some examples, transmitter module 530 may include at least one RF transmitter, for example, at least one RF transmitter that can be used to transmit signals on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. In some cases, transmitter module 530 may include separate transmitters corresponding to both dedicated and shared radio spectrum. In some examples, these separate transmitters may take the form of an LTE / LTE-A transmitter module for communication on a dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 532 for a dedicated RF spectrum) and an LTE / LTE-A transmitter module for communication on a shared radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 534 for a shared RF spectrum). Transmitter module 530, including LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 532 for a dedicated RF spectrum or LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 534 for a shared RF spectrum, can be used via one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 Or one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described in 2, transmitting various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions). These communication links may be established via a first radio spectrum or a second radio spectrum.

[0088] In some examples, the wireless communication management module 520 can be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for device 515. In some examples, the wireless communication management module 520 may include an insertion instruction processing module 550, an insertion policy identification module 555, a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 535, a DFT module 540, or an SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 545.

[0089] The insertion instruction processing module 550 can be used to receive a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction from a base station. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction can be received in conjunction with a transmission grant (e.g., uplink grant) from the base station, or in conjunction with control signaling from the base station. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction can include a semi-static instruction or a dynamic instruction.

[0090] The insertion strategy identification module 555 can optionally identify a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy, at least in part, based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction. Furthermore, the insertion strategy identification module 555 can also be used to determine a user-specific (e.g., UE-specific) insertion period offset for inserting the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol. In some examples, this user-specific insertion period offset can be identified based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy.

[0091] The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 535 can be used to insert channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 535 can insert channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into the data modulation symbol sequence according to the insertion instruction received by the insertion instruction processing module 550 and / or according to the insertion strategy identified by the insertion strategy identification module 555 or a user-specific insertion time offset. In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence can be rate-matched to these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols.

[0092] DFT module 540 can be used to perform DFT on a group of modulation symbols in a data modulation symbol sequence. The group of modulation symbols may include at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

[0093] The SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 545 can be used to generate an SC-FDM symbol stream, at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some examples, generating the SC-FDM symbol stream may include performing tone mapping, at least partially based on the output of the DFT, and performing an IFFT on the output of the tone mapping. The SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted to a receiver via the transmitter module 430 (e.g., the SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted to a base station on an uplink channel). In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream may be transmitted over a shared radio spectrum.

[0094] In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may span all frequencies across several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol of the SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0095] Figure 6According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 600 is shown of an apparatus 605 for use in wireless communication. Apparatus 605 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of one or more aspects of the described base station 105, 205, or 205-a, or references to Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the described receiver 305. Furthermore, device 605 may also be or include a processor. Device 605 may include receiver module 610, wireless communication management module 620, or transmitter module 630. Each of these modules can communicate with each other.

[0096] These modules in device 605 can be implemented individually or collectively using one or more ASICs, wherein these ASICs are adapted to perform some or all of these applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, these functions can be performed by one or more other processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits (e.g., structured / platform ASICs, FPGAs, SoCs, or other semi-custom ICs) can be used, wherein these integrated circuits can be programmed in any manner known in the art. Furthermore, the functionality of each module can also be implemented, wholly or partially, using instructions embodied in memory and formatted for execution by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors.

[0097] In some examples, receiver module 610 may include at least one RF receiver, for example, at least one RF receiver that can be used to receive transmissions on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device does not have contention access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to a specific user for a specific purpose, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device has contention access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner). In some examples, both dedicated and shared radio spectrum can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication, for example, as referred to Figure 1 or Figure 2 As described. Receiver module 610 can be used in one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 or Figure 2On one or more communication links of the described wireless communication system 100 or 200, various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) are received. These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum.

[0098] In some examples, transmitter module 630 may include at least one RF transmitter, for example, at least one RF transmitter that can be used to transmit signals on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Transmitter module 630 can be used to transmit signals via one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 Or one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described in 2, transmitting various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions). These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum bands.

[0099] In some examples, the wireless communication management module 620 can be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for device 605. In some examples, the wireless communication management module 620 may include an IDFT module 635, a channel or interference estimation module 640, or a decoding module 645.

[0100] IDFT module 635 can be used to perform IDFT on the output of the tone modulation map of the DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover multiple data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols corresponding to that SC-FDM symbol stream (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream received from a particular user). In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0101] The channel or interference estimation module 640 can be used to estimate the channel response or interference (e.g., at least one SNR) based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

[0102] The decoding module 645 can be used to decode data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated channel response or interference.

[0103] Figure 7According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 700 is shown of an apparatus 705 for use in wireless communication. Apparatus 705 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of one or more aspects of the described base station 105, 205, or 205-a are shown in reference. Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the receiver 305 described, or references Figure 6 Examples of aspects of the described device 605. Furthermore, device 705 may also be or include a processor. Device 705 may include a receiver module 710, a wireless communication management module 720, or a transmitter module 730. Each of these modules can communicate with each other.

[0104] These modules in device 705 can be implemented individually or collectively using one or more ASICs, wherein these ASICs are adapted to perform some or all of these applicable functions in hardware. Alternatively, these functions can be performed by one or more other processing units (or cores) on one or more integrated circuits. In other examples, other types of integrated circuits (e.g., structured / platform ASICs, FPGAs, SoCs, or other semi-custom ICs) can be used, wherein these integrated circuits can be programmed in any manner known in the art. Furthermore, the functionality of each module can also be implemented, wholly or partially, using instructions embodied in memory and formatted for execution by one or more general-purpose or special-purpose processors.

[0105] In some examples, receiver module 710 may include at least one RF receiver, for example, at least one RF receiver that can be used to receive transmissions on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device does not have contention access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to a specific user for a specific purpose, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where the transmitting device has contention access (e.g., radio spectrum that can be used for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum that can be used by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner). In some examples, both dedicated and shared radio spectrum can be used for LTE / LTE-A communication, for example, as referred to Figure 1 or Figure 2As described. In some cases, receiver module 710 may include separate receivers corresponding to dedicated radio spectrum and shared radio spectrum. In some examples, these separate receivers may take the form of an LTE / LTE-A receiver module for communication on dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A receiver module 712 for dedicated RF spectrum) and an LTE / LTE-A receiver module for communication on shared radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A receiver module 714 for shared RF spectrum). Receiver module 710, including LTE / LTE-A receiver module 712 for dedicated RF spectrum or LTE / LTE-A receiver module 714 for shared RF spectrum, can be used in one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 or Figure 2 On one or more communication links of the described wireless communication system 100 or 200, various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions) are received. These communication links may be established via dedicated radio spectrum or shared radio spectrum.

[0106] In some examples, transmitter module 730 may include at least one RF transmitter, for example, at least one RF transmitter that can be used to transmit signals on a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. In some cases, transmitter module 730 may include separate transmitters corresponding to both dedicated and shared radio spectrum. In some examples, these separate transmitters may take the form of an LTE / LTE-A transmitter module for communication on a dedicated radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 732 for a dedicated RF spectrum) and an LTE / LTE-A transmitter module for communication on a shared radio spectrum (e.g., LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 734 for a shared RF spectrum). Transmitter module 730, including LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 732 for a dedicated RF spectrum or LTE / LTE-A transmitter module 734 for a shared RF spectrum, can be used via one or more communication links of a wireless communication system (e.g., refer to...). Figure 1 Or one or more communication links of the wireless communication system 100 or 200 described in 2, transmitting various types of data or control signals (i.e., transmissions). These communication links may be established via a first radio spectrum or a second radio spectrum.

[0107] In some examples, the wireless communication management module 720 can be used to manage one or more aspects of wireless communication for device 705. In some examples, the wireless communication management module 720 may include an insertion command transmission module 750, an SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 755, an IDFT module 735, a channel or interference estimation module 740, or a decoding module 745.

[0108] The insertion instruction transmission module 750 can be used to send channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instructions to one or more UEs. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction can be sent in conjunction with a transmission grant (e.g., uplink grant) sent to the UE, or in conjunction with control signaling sent to the UE. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction can include semi-static instructions or dynamic instructions.

[0109] The SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 755 can be used to receive multiple SC-FDM symbol streams associated with different users (e.g., different UEs). In some examples, these SC-FDM symbol streams can be received via a shared radio spectrum. In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 755 can be used to process the received SC-FDM symbol stream, for example, by performing equalization on the output of the DFT's tone modulation mapping for each SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 755 can be used to process the received SC-FDM symbol stream by, for example, performing an FFT on each SC-FDM symbol stream to obtain the output of a DFT, performing tone modulation mapping on the output of each DFT, and performing equalization and channel estimation on the output of each tone modulation mapping of the DFT.

[0110] IDFT module 735 can be used to perform IDFT on the output of each equalized tone modulation map to recover multiple data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each of the SC-FDM symbol streams. In some examples, IDFT module 735 can recover channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to different users from different SC-FDM symbol streams based on user-specific insertion time offsets. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols corresponding to that SC-FDM symbol stream (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream received from a particular user). In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0111] The channel or interference estimation module 740 can be used to estimate interference (e.g., SNR) at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

[0112] The decoding module 745 can be used to decode data modulation symbols at least in part based on the estimated interference. In some examples, decoding can be performed on a first plurality of data modulation symbols in a first modulation symbol group corresponding to a first SC-FDM symbol stream, at least in part based on the interference estimated for a first plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in a second modulation symbol group corresponding to a second SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0113] Figure 8 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 800 of a UE 815 for use in wireless communication is shown. The UE 815 can have various configurations and may include, or be part of, the following components: personal computer (e.g., laptop computer, netbook computer, tablet computer, etc.), cellular phone, PDA, digital video recorder (DVR), internet tool, game console, e-reader, etc. In some examples, the UE 815 may have an internal power source (not shown), such as a small battery, to facilitate mobile operation. In some examples, the UE 815 may be a reference... Figure 1 , 2 or Figure 8 Examples of one or more aspects of UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c or 815 described herein, refer to Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the transmitter 315 described, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 Examples of one or more aspects of the described apparatus 415 or 515. UE 815 can be configured to implement the reference. Figure 1 , 2 3, 4 or Figure 5 At least some of the UE or device features and functions described.

[0114] UE 815 may include UE processor module 810, UE memory module 820, at least one UE transceiver module (represented by UE transceiver module 830), at least one UE antenna (represented by UE antenna 840), or UE wireless communication management module 850. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other via one or more buses 835.

[0115] The UE memory module 820 may include random access memory (RAM) or read-only memory (ROM). The UE memory module 820 may store computer-readable code, computer-executable code 825, containing instructions configured to, when executed, cause the UE processor module 810 to perform various wireless communication-related functions described herein, including inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence. Alternatively, the code 825 may not be directly executed by the UE processor module 810, but may be configured (e.g., when compiled and executed) to cause the UE 815 to perform the various functions described herein.

[0116] The UE processor module 810 may include intelligent hardware devices (e.g., a central processing unit (CPU), microcontroller, ASIC, etc.). The UE processor module 810 can process information received through the UE transceiver module 830, or process information to be sent to the UE transceiver module 830 for transmission via the UE antenna 840. The UE processor module 810 may, alone or in conjunction with the UE wireless communication management module 850, handle various aspects of communication (or manage communication thereon) on dedicated or shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where transmitting devices do not compete for access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to specific users for specific purposes, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where transmitting devices compete for access (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner).

[0117] The UE transceiver module 830 may include a modem configured to modulate packets, provide modulated packets to the UE antenna 840 for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the UE antenna 840. In some examples, the UE transceiver module 830 may be implemented as one or more UE transmitter modules and one or more separate UE receiver modules. The UE transceiver module 830 may support communication in a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. The UE transceiver module 830 may be configured to communicate with a reference via the UE antenna 840. Figure 1 Or 2, one or more of the base stations 105, 205, or 205-a described, refer to Figure 3 The aspects of receiver 305 described, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7One or more aspects of the described apparatus 605 or 705 enable bidirectional communication. While UE 815 may include a single UE antenna, there may be examples where UE 815 includes multiple UE antennas 840.

[0118] The UE wireless communication management module 850 can be configured to: execute or control references Figure 1 , 2 3, 4 or Figure 5 The description refers to some or all of the UE or device features or functions related to wireless communication on dedicated or shared radio spectrum. For example, the UE wireless communication management module 850 may be configured to use dedicated or shared radio spectrum, supporting supplemental downlink modes (e.g., licensed assisted access mode), carrier aggregation mode, or standalone mode. The UE wireless communication management module 850 may include: a UE LTE / LTE-A module 855 corresponding to dedicated RF spectrum, configured to handle LTE / LTE-A communication on dedicated radio spectrum; and a UE LTE / LTE-A module 860 corresponding to shared RF spectrum, configured to handle LTE / LTE-A communication on shared radio spectrum. The UE wireless communication management module 850 or a portion thereof may include a processor, or some or all of the functions of the UE wireless communication management module 850 may be performed by or in conjunction with the UE processor module 810. In some examples, the UE wireless communication management module 850 may be a reference to... Figure 4 or Figure 5 Examples of wireless communication management modules 420 or 520 are described.

[0119] Figure 9 According to various aspects of this disclosure, a block diagram 900 is shown for a base station 905 (e.g., a base station forming part or all of an eNB) used in wireless communication. In some examples, base station 905 may be a reference... Figure 1 or Figure 2 Examples of one or more aspects of the described base station 105, 205, or 205-a, see reference to Figure 3 Examples of aspects of the receiver 305 described, or references Figure 6 or Figure 7 Examples of one or more aspects of the described apparatus 605 or 705. Base station 905 can be configured to implement or facilitate the implementation of references. Figure 1 , Figure 2 , Figure 3 , Figure 6 ,or Figure 7 At least some of the base station features and functions described.

[0120] Base station 905 may include base station processor module 910, base station memory module 920, at least one base station transceiver module (represented by base station transceiver module 950), at least one base station antenna (represented by base station antenna 955), or base station wireless communication management module 960. Furthermore, base station 905 may also include one or more of base station communication module 930 or network communication module 940. Each of these components may communicate directly or indirectly with each other via one or more buses 935.

[0121] The base station memory module 920 may include RAM or ROM. The base station memory module 920 may store computer-readable code 925 containing instructions, wherein these instructions are configured, when executed, to cause the base station processor module 910 to perform various wireless communication-related functions described herein, including: recovery of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols, estimation of interference based at least in part on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols, and decoding of data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated interference. Alternatively, the code 925 may not be directly executed by the base station processor module 910, but may be configured (e.g., when compiled and executed) to cause the base station 905 to perform the various functions described herein.

[0122] The base station processor module 910 may include intelligent hardware devices, such as a CPU, microcontroller, ASIC, etc. The base station processor module 910 can process information received through the base station transceiver module 950, the base station communication module 930, or the network communication module 940. Furthermore, the base station processor module 910 can also process information to be sent to the transceiver module 950 for transmission via the antenna 955, information to be sent to the base station communication module 930 for transmission to one or more other base stations 905-a and 905-b, or information to be sent to the network communication module 940 for transmission to the core network 945, wherein the core network 945 may be a reference... Figure 1Examples of one or more aspects of the described core network 130. The base station processor module 910 can, alone or in conjunction with the base station wireless communication management module 960, handle various aspects of communication (or manage communication thereon) on dedicated or shared radio spectrum. Dedicated radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where transmitting devices do not contend for access (e.g., radio spectrum licensed to specific users for specific purposes, such as licensed radio spectrum for LTE / LTE-A communication). Shared radio spectrum may include radio spectrum where transmitting devices contend for access (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner).

[0123] The base transceiver module 950 may include a modem configured to modulate packets, provide the modulated packets to the base station antenna 955 for transmission, and demodulate packets received from the base station antenna 955. In some examples, the base transceiver module 950 may be implemented as one or more base station transmitter modules and one or more separate base station receiver modules. The base transceiver module 950 may support communication in a dedicated radio spectrum or a shared radio spectrum. The base transceiver module 950 may be configured to communicate with one or more UEs or devices (e.g., refer to...) via the antenna 955. Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,or Figure 8 The UE described is one or more of 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c or 815, refer to Figure 3 The aspects of transmitter 315 described, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described apparatus 905 (one or more of 415 or 515) can communicate bidirectionally. For example, base station 905 may include multiple base station antennas 955 (e.g., an antenna array). Base station 905 can communicate with core network 945 via network communication module 940. Base station 905 can also use base station communication module 930 to communicate with other base stations (e.g., base stations 905-a and 905-b).

[0124] The base station wireless communication management module 960 can be configured to execute or control references. Figure 1 , 2 3, 6 or Figure 7Some or all of the features or functions described relate to wireless communication on dedicated or shared radio spectrum. For example, the base station wireless communication management module 960 may be configured to use dedicated or shared radio spectrum, supporting supplemental downlink modes (e.g., licensed assisted access mode), carrier aggregation mode, or standalone mode. The base station wireless communication management module 960 may include: a base station LTE / LTE-A module 965 corresponding to dedicated RF spectrum, configured to handle LTE / LTE-A communication in the dedicated radio spectrum; and a base station LTE / LTE-A module 970 corresponding to shared RF spectrum, configured to handle LTE / LTE-A communication in the shared radio spectrum. The base station wireless communication management module 960 or a portion thereof may include a processor, or some or all of the functions of the base station wireless communication management module 960 may be performed by or in conjunction with a base station processor module 910. In some examples, the base station wireless communication management module 960 may be a reference to... Figure 6 or Figure 7 Examples of wireless communication management modules 620 or 720 are described.

[0125] Figure 10 This is a flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 1000 for wireless communication, based on various aspects of this disclosure. For clarity, reference is made below to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,or Figure 8 The aspects of one or more of the UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c or 815 described, or referred to Figure 3 The aspects of the transmitter 315 described, or referenced Figure 4 or Figure 5 Method 1000 is described using aspects of one or more of the described devices 415 or 515. In some examples, the UE or device may execute one or more sets of code to control the functional units of the UE or device to perform the functions described below. Alternatively or additionally, the UE or device may use special purpose hardware to perform one or more of the functions described below.

[0126] At block 1005, method 1000 may include: inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence. In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence may be matched to the rate of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. References may be used. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 435 or 535 performs the operation at block 1005.

[0127] In some examples of block 1000, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols.

[0128] At block 1010, method 1000 may include: performing a DFT on a group of modulation symbols in a data modulation symbol sequence. This group of modulation symbols may include at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. References may be used. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described DFT module 440 or 540 performs the operation at box 1010.

[0129] At box 1015, method 1000 may include: generating an SC-FDM symbol stream at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some examples, generating the SC-FDM symbol stream may include: performing a tone mapping at least partially based on the output of the DFT, and performing an IFFT on the output of the tone mapping. References can be used... Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 445 or 545 performs the operation at block 1015.

[0130] At box 1020, an SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted to the receiver (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted to the base station on an uplink channel). In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted via shared radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner).

[0131] In some examples of method 1000, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may span all frequencies across several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0132] Therefore, method 1000 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1000 is only one implementation, and the operations of method 1000 can be rearranged or modified to make other implementations possible.

[0133] Figure 11 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 1100 for wireless communication is shown below, based on various aspects of this disclosure. For clarity, reference is made below to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,or Figure 8 The aspects of one or more of the described UE 115, 215, 215-a, 215-b, 215-c or 815, and references Figure 3 The aspects of the transmitter 315 described, or referenced Figure 4 or Figure 5 The method 1100 is described using aspects of one or more of the described devices 415 or 515. In some examples, the UE or device may execute one or more sets of code to control the functional units of the UE or device to perform the functions described below. Alternatively or additionally, the UE or device may use special purpose hardware to perform one or more of the functions described below.

[0134] At block 1105, method 1100 may include: (e.g., from a base station) receiving a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction may be received in conjunction with a transmission grant (e.g., uplink grant) from the base station, or in conjunction with control signaling from the base station. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction may include a semi-static instruction or a dynamic instruction. References may be used. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 5 The described insertion instruction processing module 550 performs the operation at block 1105.

[0135] At block 1110, method 1100 may optionally include: identifying a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy, at least in part, based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction. Furthermore, the operation at block 1110 may also include: determining a user-specific (e.g., UE-specific) insertion period offset for inserting the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol. In some examples, the user-specific insertion period offset may be identified based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy. References can be used... Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 5 The described insertion strategy recognition module 555 performs the operation at box 1110.

[0136] At block 1115, method 1100 may include: inserting channel or interference estimation modulation symbols into a data modulation symbol sequence. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence according to an insertion instruction received at block 1105 and / or according to an insertion strategy identified at block 1110 or a user-specific insertion time offset. In some examples, the data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence may be matched to the rate of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. References may be used. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion module 435 or 535 performs the operation at block 1115.

[0137] In some examples of block 1100, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols.

[0138] At block 1120, method 1100 may include performing a DFT on a group of modulation symbols in a data modulation symbol sequence. This group of modulation symbols may include at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols. References may be used. Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described DFT module 440 or 540 performs the operation at box 1120.

[0139] At box 1125, method 1100 may include: generating an SC-FDM symbol stream at least partially based on the output of the DFT. In some examples, generating the SC-FDM symbol stream may include: performing a tone mapping at least partially based on the output of the DFT, and performing an IFFT on the output of the tone mapping. References can be used... Figure 4 , Figure 5 ,or Figure 8 The described wireless communication management module 420, 520 or 850, or refer to Figure 4 or Figure 5 The described SC-FDM symbol stream generation module 445 or 545 performs the operation at block 1125.

[0140] At box 1130, an SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted to the receiver (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted to the base station on an uplink channel). In some examples, the SC-FDM symbol stream can be transmitted via shared radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner).

[0141] In some examples of method 1100, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may span all frequencies across several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0142] Therefore, method 1100 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1100 is only one implementation, and the operations of method 1100 can be rearranged or modified to make other implementations possible.

[0143] Figure 12 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 1200 for wireless communication is shown below, based on various aspects of this disclosure. For clarity, reference is made below to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,or Figure 9 The described aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205, 205-a or 905, and references Figure 3 The aspects of receiver 305 described, or refer to Figure 7 or Figure 8Method 1200 is described using aspects of one or more of the described apparatus 705 or 805. In some examples, the base station or apparatus may execute one or more sets of code to control the functional units of the base station or apparatus to perform the functions described below. Alternatively or additionally, the base station or apparatus may use special-purpose hardware to perform one or more of the functions described below.

[0144] At block 1205, method 1200 may include: performing an IDFT on the output of the tone modulation map of the DFT for each of at least one SC-FDM symbol stream to recover multiple data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol stream. References may be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The IDFT module 635 or 735 described herein performs the operation at box 1205.

[0145] In some examples of method 1200, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols corresponding to that SC-FDM symbol stream (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream received from a particular user). In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0146] At block 1210, method 1200 may include: estimating the channel response or interference (e.g., at least one SNR) based at least in part on the modulation symbols estimated by the channel or interference. References may be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The described channel or interference estimation module 640 or 740 performs the operation at block 1210.

[0147] At block 1215, method 1200 may include: decoding data modulation symbols based at least in part on the estimated channel response or interference. Reference can be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The described decoding module 645 or 745 performs the operation at box 1215.

[0148] Therefore, method 1200 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1200 is only one implementation, and the operations of method 1200 can be rearranged or modified to make other implementations possible.

[0149] Figure 13 A flowchart illustrating an exemplary method 1300 for wireless communication is shown below, based on various aspects of this disclosure. For clarity, reference is made below to... Figure 1 , Figure 2 ,or Figure 9 The described aspects of one or more of base stations 105, 205, 205-a or 905, and references Figure 3 The aspects of receiver 305 described, or refer to Figure 7 or Figure 8 The method 1300 is described using aspects of one or more of the described apparatus 705 or 805. In some examples, the base station or apparatus may execute one or more sets of code to control the functional units of the base station or apparatus to perform the functions described below. Alternatively or additionally, the base station or apparatus may use special purpose hardware to perform one or more of the functions described below.

[0150] At block 1305, method 1300 may include sending a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction to a plurality of UEs. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction may be sent in conjunction with a transmission grant (e.g., uplink grant) sent to the UE, or in conjunction with control signaling sent to the UE. The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction may include a semi-static instruction or a dynamic instruction. References may be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 7 The described insertion instruction transmission module 750 is used to perform the operation at block 1305.

[0151] At block 1310, method 1300 may include receiving multiple SC-FDM symbol streams associated with different users (e.g., different UEs). In some examples, these SC-FDM symbol streams may be received on an uplink channel. In some examples, these SC-FDM symbol streams may be received via shared radio spectrum (e.g., radio spectrum available for unlicensed use (e.g., Wi-Fi use), or radio spectrum available for use by multiple operators in an equal-sharing or priority manner). References may be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 7 The SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 755 described herein performs the operation at block 1310.

[0152] At box 1315, method 1300 may include: performing equalization on the output of the DFT tone modulation map for each SC-FDM symbol stream. References can be used... Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 7 The SC-FDM symbol stream processing module 760 described herein performs the operation at block 1315.

[0153] At block 1320, method 1300 may include: performing an IDFT on the output of each equalized tone modulation map to recover multiple data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each in the SC-FDM symbol stream. In some examples, the operation at block 1320 may include: recovering channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to different users from different SC-FDM symbol streams, based on user-specific insertion time offsets. References can be used... Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The IDFT module 635 or 735 described herein performs the operation at box 1205.

[0154] In some examples of method 1300, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include zero symbols. In some examples, these channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may include known non-zero symbols. In some examples, the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream may have a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbols corresponding to that SC-FDM symbol stream (e.g., an SC-FDM symbol stream received from a particular user). In some examples, the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols may be included in each SC-FDM symbol stream.

[0155] At block 1325, method 1300 may include: estimating the channel response or interference (e.g., SNR) based at least in part on the modulation symbols estimated by the channel or interference. References may be used. Figure 6 , 7 or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The described interference estimation module 640 or 740 performs the operation at block 1325.

[0156] At block 1330, method 1300 may include: decoding data modulation symbols at least in part based on the estimated channel response or interference. In some examples, decoding may be performed on a first plurality of data modulation symbols in a first modulation symbol group corresponding to a first SC-FDM symbol stream, at least in part based on the interference estimated for a first plurality of channel or interference estimations of the modulation symbols in a second group of modulation symbols corresponding to a second SC-FDM symbol stream. References may be used. Figure 6 , Figure 7 ,or Figure 9 The described wireless communication management module 620, 720, or 960, or refer to Figure 6 or Figure 7 The described decoding module 645 or 745 performs the operation at box 1330.

[0157] Therefore, method 1300 can provide wireless communication. It should be noted that method 1300 is only one implementation, and the operations of method 1300 can be rearranged or modified to make other implementations possible.

[0158] The technologies described in this article can be used in various wireless communication systems, such as CDMA, TDMA, FDMA, OFDMA, SC-FDMA, and others. The terms "system" and "network" are often used interchangeably. CDMA systems can implement wireless technologies such as CDMA 2000, Universal Terrestrial Radio Access (UTRA), and so on. CDMA2000 covers the IS-2000, IS-95, and IS-856 standards. IS-2000 versions 0 and A are commonly referred to as CDMA 2000 1X, 1X, etc. IS-856 (TIA-856) is commonly referred to as CDMA 2000 1xEV-DO, High-Speed ​​Packet Data (HRPD), etc. UTRA includes Wideband CDMA (WCDMA) and other CDMA variants. TDMA systems can implement wireless technologies such as Global System for Mobile Communications (GSM). OFDMA systems can implement technologies such as Ultra Mobile Broadband (UMB), evolved UTRA (E-UTRA), IEEE 802.11 (Wi-Fi), IEEE 802.16 (WiMAX), IEEE 802.20, and Flash-OFDM. TM Wireless technologies such as UTRA and E-UTRA are part of the Universal Mobile Telecommunications System (UMTS). 3GPP Long Term Evolution (LTE) and Improved LTE (LTE-A) are E-UTRA versions of UMTS. UTRA, E-UTRA, UMTS, LTE, LTE-A, and GSM are described in documents from an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP). CDMA2000 and UMB are described in documents from an organization called the 3rd Generation Partnership Project 2 (3GPP2). The technologies described herein can be used in the systems and wireless technologies mentioned above, as well as other systems and wireless technologies, including cellular (e.g., LTE) communications over unlicensed and / or shared bandwidth. However, for illustrative purposes, the above describes LTE / LTE-A systems, and LTE terminology is used in most of the descriptions above, but these technologies are also applicable beyond LTE / LTE-A applications.

[0159] The specific embodiments described above with reference to the accompanying drawings are examples, but they do not imply that only these examples can be implemented, nor that only these examples fall within the scope of protection of the claims. When used in this specification, the terms "example" and "exemplary" mean "serving as an example, illustration, or description," but do not imply "more preferred" or "more advantageous" than other examples. The specific embodiments include particular details to provide a thorough understanding of the described techniques. However, these techniques can be implemented without using these particular details. In some instances, well-known structures and apparatuses are shown in block diagram form to avoid obscuring the concepts of the described examples.

[0160] Information and signals can be represented using any of a variety of different techniques and methods. For example, the data, instructions, commands, information, signals, bits, symbols, and chips mentioned throughout the above description can be represented by voltage, current, electromagnetic waves, magnetic fields or particles, light fields or particles, or any combination thereof.

[0161] A general-purpose processor, digital signal processor (DSP), ASIC, FPGA or other programmable logic device, discrete gate or transistor logic device, discrete hardware component, or any combination thereof, used to perform the functions described herein, may be used to implement or perform the various exemplary blocks and components described in connection with the disclosure herein. The general-purpose processor may be a microprocessor, or it may be any conventional processor, controller, microcontroller, or state machine. The processor may also be implemented as a combination of computing devices, such as a combination of a DSP and a microprocessor, several microprocessors, one or more microprocessors combined with a DSP core, or any other such architecture.

[0162] The functions described herein can be implemented in hardware, processor-executed software, firmware, or any combination thereof. When implemented in processor-executed software, these functions can be stored on a computer-readable medium or transmitted as one or more instructions or code on a computer-readable medium. Other examples and implementations also fall within the scope and spirit of this disclosure and its appended claims. For example, due to the nature of software, the functions described above can be implemented using processor-executed software, hardware, firmware, hardware wiring, or any combination thereof. Features used to implement the functions can be physically distributed in multiple locations, including portions distributed in different physical locations to implement the functions. As used herein (including the claims), when the term “and / or” is used in a list of two or more items, it means using any one of the listed items, or using any combination of two or more of the listed items. For example, if a composite is described as comprising components A, B, and / or C, the composite can contain only A; only B; only C; a combination of A and B; a combination of A and C; a combination of B and C; or a combination of A, B, and C. Furthermore, as used herein (including the claims), the word "or" as used in a list item (e.g., a list item ending with such as "at least one of" or "one or more of") indicates a separate list, such that, for example, the list "at least one of A, B or C" means A or B or C or AB or AC or BC or ABC (i.e., A and B and C).

[0163] Computer-readable media include non-transitory computer storage media and communication media, wherein communication media includes any medium that facilitates the transfer of computer programs from one place to another. Non-transitory storage media can be any available medium accessible to a general-purpose or special-purpose computer. For example, but not limitingly, non-transitory computer-readable media can include RAM, ROM, EEPROM, flash memory, CD-ROM or other optical disc storage, disk storage or other magnetic storage devices, or any other non-transitory medium capable of carrying or storing desired program code units in the form of instructions or data structures and accessible by a general-purpose or special-purpose computer, or a general-purpose or special-purpose processor. Furthermore, any connection may be appropriately referred to as computer-readable media. For example, if software is transmitted from a website, server, or other remote source using coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, digital subscriber line (DSL), or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless, and microwave, then the coaxial cable, fiber optic cable, twisted pair, DSL, or wireless technologies such as infrared, wireless, and microwave are included in the definition of media. As used herein, disks and optical discs include compact optical discs (CDs), laser discs, optical discs, digital versatile optical discs (DVDs), floppy disks, and Blu-ray discs, where disks typically copy data magnetically, while optical discs use lasers to copy data optically. Combinations of these should also be included within the scope of protection for computer-readable media.

[0164] The present disclosure has been described above to enable any person skilled in the art to implement or use it. Various modifications to the present disclosure will be apparent to those skilled in the art, and the general principles defined herein can be applied to other variations without departing from the spirit or scope of the disclosure. Therefore, the present disclosure is not limited to the examples and designs described herein, but is consistent with the broadest scope of the principles and novel features disclosed herein.

Claims

1. A method for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: At the receiver of the UE, a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction is received from the base station; The user-specific insertion time offset for the UE is determined at least in part based on the received insertion instruction, wherein the user-specific insertion time offset is different from the user-specific insertion time offset for another UE. Based on the user-specific insertion time offset and the received insertion command, channel or interference estimation modulation symbols are inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence; Perform a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, the group of modulation symbols including at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and A single-carrier frequency-domain modulated SC-FDM symbol stream is generated, at least in part, based on the output of the DFT.

2. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbols include at least one of the following: a zero symbol or a known non-zero symbol.

3. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction is received in conjunction with the transmission grant from the base station.

4. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instructions include semi-static instructions.

5. The method according to claim 1, further comprising: The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy is identified at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction.

6. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol has a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbol.

7. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Each of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols spans all frequencies in several resource blocks allocated to the SC-FDM symbol stream.

8. The method according to claim 1, wherein, Each SC-FDM symbol in the SC-FDM symbol stream includes the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

9. The method according to claim 1, wherein, The data modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence are matched with the channel or interference estimated modulation symbol rate.

10. The method according to claim 9, wherein, The rate matching is adaptive and is at least in part based on the data modulation symbol sequence.

11. A means for wireless communication at a user equipment (UE), comprising: processor; The memory communicates electronically with the processor; The instructions stored in the memory can be executed by the processor to: At the receiver of the UE, a channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction is received from the base station; The user-specific insertion time offset for the UE is determined at least in part based on the received insertion instruction, wherein the user-specific insertion time offset is different from the user-specific insertion time offset for another UE. Based on the user-specific insertion time offset and the received insertion command, channel or interference estimation modulation symbols are inserted into the data modulation symbol sequence; Perform a Discrete Fourier Transform (DFT) on a group of modulation symbols in the data modulation symbol sequence, the group of modulation symbols including at least one of the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and A single-carrier frequency-domain modulated SC-FDM symbol stream is generated, at least in part, based on the output of the DFT.

12. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbols include at least one of the following: a zero symbol or a known non-zero symbol.

13. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction is received in conjunction with the transmission grant from the base station.

14. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, The instructions can be executed by the processor to: The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion strategy is identified at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction.

15. The apparatus according to claim 11, wherein, Each SC-FDM symbol in the SC-FDM symbol stream includes the same number of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols.

16. A method for wireless communication at a base station (BS), comprising: Instructions to insert modulation symbols from the base station transmission channel or interference estimation mode; The base station receives at least one single-carrier frequency-domain modulated SC-FDM symbol stream from at least one user equipment (UE); For each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol streams, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) is performed on the output of the tone modulation map of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol streams. The channel and interference estimation modulation symbols for the SC-FDM symbol streams are also recovered at least in part based on a user-specific insertion time offset for a UE receiving the SC-FDM symbol stream from it. The user-specific insertion time offset for a UE receiving the SC-FDM symbol stream from it differs from a user-specific insertion time offset for another UE. The user-specific insertion time offset for the UE is determined at least in part based on a transmitted insertion command. The plurality of data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols are located in the symbol stream according to the transmitted insertion command. Interference is estimated at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and The data modulation symbols are decoded at least in part based on the estimated interference.

17. The method of claim 16, further comprising: Perform equalization on the output of each tone modulation map; The IDFT is performed on the output of each equalized tone modulation map.

18. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbols include at least one of the following: a zero symbol or a known non-zero symbol.

19. The method of claim 16, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream has a reduced modulation order relative to the data modulation symbol corresponding to the SC-FDM symbol stream.

20. The method of claim 16, wherein, The at least one SC-FDM symbol stream includes multiple SC-FDM symbol streams received from different UEs, and the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the different UEs are recovered from the different SC-FDM symbol streams according to user-specific insertion time offsets.

21. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The first plurality of data modulation symbols in the first modulation symbol group corresponding to the first SC-FDM symbol stream are decoded at least in part based on the interference estimated for the first plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in the second modulation symbol group corresponding to the second SC-FDM symbol stream.

22. The method according to claim 16, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion command is transmitted in conjunction with the base station's transmission grant.

23. An apparatus for wireless communication at a base station (BS), comprising: processor; The memory communicates electronically with the processor; The instructions stored in the memory can be executed by the processor to: Instructions to insert modulation symbols from the base station transmission channel or interference estimation mode; The base station receives at least one single-carrier frequency-domain modulated SC-FDM symbol stream from at least one user equipment (UE); For each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol streams, an inverse discrete Fourier transform (IDFT) is performed on the output of the tone modulation map of the discrete Fourier transform (DFT) to recover a plurality of data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols for each of the at least one SC-FDM symbol streams. The channel and interference estimation modulation symbols for the SC-FDM symbol streams are also recovered at least in part based on a user-specific insertion time offset for a UE receiving the SC-FDM symbol stream from it. The user-specific insertion time offset for a UE receiving the SC-FDM symbol stream from it differs from a user-specific insertion time offset for another UE. The user-specific insertion time offset for the UE is determined at least in part based on a transmitted insertion command. The plurality of data modulation symbols and channel or interference estimation modulation symbols are located in the symbol stream according to the transmitted insertion command. Interference is estimated at least in part based on the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols; and The data modulation symbols are decoded at least in part based on the estimated interference.

24. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The instructions can be executed by the processor to: Perform equalization on the output of each tone modulation map; The IDFT is performed on the output of each equalized tone modulation map.

25. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The channel or interference estimation modulation symbols include at least one of the following: a zero symbol or a known non-zero symbol.

26. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The at least one SC-FDM symbol stream includes multiple SC-FDM symbol streams received from different UEs, and the channel or interference estimation modulation symbols corresponding to the different UEs are recovered from the different SC-FDM symbol streams according to user-specific insertion time offsets.

27. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The first plurality of data modulation symbols in the first modulation symbol group corresponding to the first SC-FDM symbol stream are decoded at least in part based on the interference estimated for the first plurality of channel or interference estimation modulation symbols in the second modulation symbol group corresponding to the second SC-FDM symbol stream.

28. The apparatus according to claim 23, wherein, The instructions can be executed by the processor to: The channel or interference estimation modulation symbol insertion instruction is transmitted in conjunction with the transmission grant of the base station.

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