Laser target and measuring device of guiding system in railway surveying and tunnel construction

Abstract

The present invention provides a laser target and a measuring device for a guiding system in railway surveying and tunnel construction. The laser target includes a light passing window, a beam splitter, a first prism, an imaging system, and an angle sensor. The measuring device includes the laser target, a second prism, a total station, and a controller. A laser beam passes directly through the light passing window and is transmitted to the beam splitter. A part of the light is reflected to the first prism, and a part of the light is transmitted to the imaging system and forms a light spot after passing through the imaging lens. The camera is used to capture the light spots formed by the laser beam on the beam splitter and the imaging lens to measure the position and attitude of the laser target. The present invention can reduce the light intensity of the laser directly irradiating on the imaging lens and the camera through the beam splitter, thereby reducing the damage to the camera; the measurement is not limited by the visible space, and the measurement accuracy is better than 0.01°; the equipment has high integration, small volume, and can greatly save costs.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the field of engineering construction, and particularly to a laser target and a measuring device thereof for a guiding system in railway surveying and tunnel construction. Background Art

[0002] The shield technology is a construction method for excavating tunnels underground. It has the advantages of high automation, labor saving, fast construction speed, and being unaffected by climate. Moreover, during excavation, ground settlement can be controlled, the impact on ground buildings can be reduced, and water surface traffic is not affected during underwater excavation. Generally, it is more economical and reasonable to adopt the shield technology in subway construction and tunnel construction.

[0003] Currently, the commonly used methods for measuring the attitude and position of a shield machine are as follows:

[0004] 1. Manual measurement method. Two front and rear targets are fixedly installed directly above the axis of the shield machine to assist the theodolite in measuring the azimuth angle of the shield machine axis in the geodetic coordinate system. A slope board is fixedly installed on the shield machine, and the pitching angle and rotation angle of the shield machine are measured by the position of the plumb bob on the slope board. Finally, the position of the shield machine is determined by the number of segments already installed. The main defects of this method include: low accuracy in position measurement, pitching angle and rotation angle measurement; data must be manually read each time, resulting in low measurement efficiency; high requirements for measurement engineers, high work intensity, and large interference with shield construction.

[0005] 2. Prism measurement method. Two or three prisms are installed on the shield machine, and the shield attitude is positioned through an intelligent total station and an angle sensor. However, in actual construction, due to the limitation of the visibility condition, especially during curve tunneling, frequent station relocation for measurement is required, resulting in a large workload. The installation position of the prism also has a relatively large impact on the measurement accuracy. Moreover, the hardware integration degree is low and the stability is poor.

[0006] 3. Electronic laser target measurement method. The azimuth and attitude angles of the shield are determined by measuring the relative positions of the light spots on the front and rear targets, the fixedly installed prism, and the angle sensor. The principle of this measurement method is simple, but the incident laser directly irradiating on the camera lens is likely to cause lens damage, and the lens needs to be frequently replaced, resulting in high measurement costs.

[0007] In view of this, how to design a laser target and its measuring device with high integration and low cost to accurately measure the position of the object to be measured, especially the accurate measurement under the condition of limited visible space faced in shield construction, is an urgent problem to be solved by those skilled in the art. Summary of the Invention

[0008] In view of the defects in shield measurement in the prior art, such as low measurement automation, large measurement space required, low hardware integration, poor system stability, and low accuracy, the present invention provides a laser target and a measuring device thereof for a tunnel boring construction guiding system.

[0009] According to one aspect of the present invention, a laser target is provided, which is arranged on an object to be measured and used to measure the position of the object to be measured. Wherein, the laser target has a box body, the box body is a cuboid, and has a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a top plate and a bottom plate; the four side plates are located between the top plate and the bottom plate and are perpendicular to the transverse axis or the longitudinal axis of the box body; the front side plate has a light passing window.

[0010] The box body includes a beam splitter, a first prism, an imaging system, and an angle sensor; the beam splitter is arranged behind the light passing window, and the connection line between the center of the beam splitter and the center of the light passing window is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box body; the connection line between the center of the first prism and the center of the beam splitter is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the box body; the imaging system includes an imaging lens and a camera; the front side plate, the beam splitter, and the imaging system are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal axis of the box body; the angle sensor is used to measure the pitch angle and the rotation angle of the laser target relative to the horizontal plane; the beam splitter, the first prism, the imaging system, and the angle sensor are all fixedly connected to the box body. The installation position of the angle sensor only needs not to block the light entering the imaging system.

[0011] After the laser beam passes through the light passing window to enable the laser beam to pass through the front side plate and then directly transmit to the beam splitter to form a light spot, a part of the light is reflected to the first prism, and a part of the light is transmitted to the imaging system and forms a light spot after passing through the imaging lens. The camera is used to photograph the light spots formed by the laser beam on the beam splitter and on the imaging lens.

[0012] Preferably, the positions of the first prism and the imaging system are interchangeable.

[0013] According to another aspect of the present invention, a measuring device is provided, which includes:

[0014] The laser target as described above;

[0015] A second prism for providing a back sight point;

[0016] A total station, which is arranged between the box body and the second prism. The total station is used to provide a laser beam, and the total station measures the relative coordinates of the first prism and the horizontal angle and the vertical angle at which the laser beam enters the laser target.

[0017] And a controller, which is respectively connected to the total station instrument and the laser target. The controller calculates the position and attitude of the laser target based on the geodetic coordinates of the laser target, the horizontal angle and vertical angle at which the laser beam is incident on the laser target, and the pitch angle and roll angle of the laser target measured by an angle sensor.

[0018] The advantages of the present invention are as follows: By using the beam splitter in the laser target to divide the beam into two parts, the light intensity of the laser directly irradiating on the imaging lens and the camera can be reduced, thereby reducing the damage to the camera; By using the positions of the light spots formed by the laser beam on different optical surfaces and precisely measuring them during the process, the offset angle of the laser target can be determined, and the accuracy is better than 0.01°. Moreover, the relationship between the laser target and the level surface can be measured by the angle sensor, and then the position of the laser target can be further determined through the controller, so that the position and attitude of the laser target can be accurately measured. This measuring device is not restricted by the visible space. In addition, the measuring device is fixed on the box body, which can reduce the error caused by the displacement of the device due to the vibration during construction, and the device has a high integration degree, a small volume, and can greatly save costs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0019] In order to more clearly illustrate the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention or the prior art, the following will briefly introduce the drawings required for the description of the embodiments or the prior art. Obviously, the following drawings are only some embodiments of the present invention. For those of ordinary skill in the art, without creative efforts, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings.

[0020] Figure 1 It is a structural sectional view of a laser target according to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 2 It is a Figure 1 structural schematic diagram of a measuring device with the laser target shown;

[0022] Figure 3 It is a structural sectional view of a laser target according to another embodiment of one aspect of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 4 It is a Figure 3 structural schematic diagram of a measuring device with the laser target shown. DETAILED DESCRIPTION OF THE EMBODIMENTS

[0024] The following will clearly and completely describe the technical solutions in the embodiments of the present invention with reference to the accompanying drawings in the embodiments of the present invention. Obviously, the described examples are only a part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. All other embodiments obtained by those of ordinary skill in the art based on the embodiments of the present invention without creative efforts shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 1 The structural sectional view of a laser target according to an embodiment of one aspect of the present invention is shown. As Figure 1 shown, the laser target 1 is disposed on the object to be measured for measuring the position of the object to be measured. The laser target 1 has a box body 10, and the box body 10 has a front side plate 11, a top plate 12 and a bottom plate 13. A light passing window 111 is further provided on the front side plate 11. The laser beam passes through the light passing window 111 to enable the laser beam to penetrate the front side plate 11. The light passing window 111 is located on the symmetry axis parallel to the longitudinal axis of the side plate 11 and the box body 10. In this embodiment, the light passing window 111 is disposed at the central position of the front side plate 11. The box body 10 includes a first prism 14, a beam splitter 15, an imaging system 16 and an angle sensor 17. The beam splitter 15, the front side plate 11 and the imaging system 16 are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal axis of the box body 10. The first prism 14 and the imaging system 16 are symmetrically disposed with respect to the mirror surface of the beam splitter 15. The imaging system 16 includes an imaging lens 161 and a camera 162, and the camera 162 in the imaging system is used to photograph the laser beam, the light spot on the beam splitter and the light spot on the imaging lens 161. The angle sensor 17 can measure the pitch angle and the rotation angle of the laser target 1 relative to the object to be measured.

[0026] Figure 2 The structural schematic diagram of a measuring device with the Figure 1 shown laser target is shown. As Figure 2 shown, the measuring device 2 includes: a laser target 1, a second prism 21, a total station 22 and a controller 23. Among them, the total station 22 is disposed between the laser target 1 and the second prism 21, and the second prism 21 is used to provide a backsight point. The total station 22 is used to provide a laser beam to the laser target 1 and can measure the coordinates of the laser target 1. In addition, the total station 22 can also measure the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the laser beam. The total station 22 is connected to the controller 23 so as to transmit the coordinates of the laser target 1 and the horizontal angle and the vertical angle of the laser beam measured by it to the controller 23. The camera 162 in the imaging system 16 and the angle sensor 17 are respectively connected to the controller 23. The camera 162 can transmit the information of the laser beam, the light spot on the beam splitter and the light spot on the imaging lens 161 photographed by it to the controller 23, and the angle sensor 17 can also transmit the pitch angle and the roll angle of the laser target 1 relative to the level surface measured by it into the controller 23.

[0027] Combined with Figure 1 Refer toFigure 2 In this embodiment, the principle of measuring the position of the object to be measured is: first define the local coordinate system of the laser target 1, that is, take the center of the front plate 11 of the laser target 1 as the coordinate origin, and take the line between the center of the front plate 11 and the center of the camera 162 as the right-hand coordinate system of the Y axis. The coordinates of the laser target 1 are measured by the total station 22, and the coordinates of the laser target 1 are input into the controller 23. The total station 22 provides a laser beam to the laser target 1, and measures the horizontal angle and vertical angle of the laser beam incident on the laser target 1 according to the back view point provided by the second prism 21. The laser target 1 inputs the obtained horizontal angle and vertical angle of the laser beam incident on the laser target 1 to the controller 23. The controller 23 performs coordinate conversion according to the coordinates of the laser target 1 and the horizontal angle and vertical angle of the laser beam incident on the laser target 1 to obtain the geodetic coordinates of the laser target 1. The laser beam at any angle emitted from the total station 22 is incident on the laser target 1, so the laser beam will form a light spot on the beam splitter 15 and the imaging lens 161 respectively. The camera 162 captures the light spot formed on the beam splitter 15 and the imaging lens 161, and inputs the information of the light spot to the controller 23, and then the controller 23 calculates the geodetic coordinates of the laser target 1, and further calculates the horizontal azimuth of the laser target 1. Then, the controller 23 determines the spatial position of the laser target 1 according to the geodetic coordinates of the laser target 1 and the horizontal azimuth of the laser target 1. The angle sensor 17 inputs the measured pitch angle and roll angle of the laser target 1 relative to the horizontal plane to the controller 23, and the controller 23 calculates the attitude angle of the laser target 1. Finally, the controller 23 calculates the geodetic coordinates of the object to be measured according to the horizontal azimuth of the laser target 1 and the attitude angle of the laser target 1, thereby determining the spatial position of the object to be measured.

[0028] Only the differences between other embodiments of the present invention and the above-mentioned embodiments are described in detail below, while the similarities are briefly described.

[0029] Figure 3 FIG. 2 shows a cross-sectional view of a laser target structure according to another embodiment of one aspect of the present invention. Figure 3 As shown, the laser target 3 also has a box 30, the box 30 has a front side plate 31, a top plate 32 and a bottom plate 33, a light window 311 is arranged at the center of the front side plate 31, and the box 30 includes a first prism 34, a beam splitter 35, an imaging system 36 and an angle sensor 37. Figure 1 The embodiment shown is different in that the imaging system 36 is located at a mirror-symmetrical position of the first prism 34 with respect to the beam splitter 35, as shown in FIG. Figure 3 The beam splitter 35 , the front side plate 31 and the first prism 34 are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal axis of the box body 30 .

[0030] Figure 4 Shows that there is Figure 3 The schematic diagram of the structure of the laser target measuring device shown in FIG.Figure 4 , the measuring device 4 also includes a laser target 3, a second prism 41, a total station 42 and a controller 43.

[0031] The foregoing has shown and described the basic principles, main features and advantages of the present invention. Those skilled in the art should understand that the present invention is not limited by the above embodiments, and what is described in the above embodiments and the specification is only to illustrate the principles of the present invention. Without departing from the spirit and scope of the present invention, the present invention will have various changes and improvements, and these changes and improvements fall within the scope of the present invention claimed. The scope of protection claimed by the present invention is defined by the appended claims and their equivalents.

Claims

1. A laser target for a guiding system in railway surveying and tunnel construction, characterized in that, The laser target has a box body, which is a cuboid and has a front side plate, a rear side plate, a left side plate, a right side plate, a top plate and a bottom plate; a light passing window is provided on the front side plate; the light passing window is arranged at the center position of the front side plate; Inside the box body, there are a beam splitter, a first prism, an imaging system and an angle sensor; the beam splitter is arranged behind the light passing window, and the connection line between the center of the beam splitter and the center of the light passing window is parallel to the longitudinal axis of the box body; the connection line between the center of the first prism and the center of the beam splitter is perpendicular to the longitudinal axis of the box body; the imaging system includes an imaging lens and a camera; the front side plate, the beam splitter and the imaging system are arranged in sequence along the longitudinal axis of the box body; the angle sensor is used to measure the pitch angle and the rotation angle of the laser target relative to the horizontal plane; the beam splitter, the first prism, the imaging system and the angle sensor are all fixedly connected to the box body; After the laser beam passes through the light passing window to enable the laser beam to pass through the front side plate and then directly transmit to the beam splitter to form a light spot, a part of the light is reflected to the first prism, and a part of the light is transmitted to the imaging system and forms a light spot after passing through the imaging lens. The camera is used to photograph the light spots formed by the laser beam on the beam splitter and the imaging lens. By using the positions of the light spots formed by the laser beam on different optical surfaces, the accuracy of the offset angle of the laser target can be determined to be better than 0.01°.

2. The laser target of the guiding system in railway surveying and tunnel construction according to claim 1, characterized in that, The positions of the first prism and the imaging system can be interchanged.

3. A measuring device, characterized in that, Comprising: The laser target according to any one of claims 1 and 2; A second prism for providing a rear sight point; A total station, which is arranged between the box body and the second prism. The total station is used to provide a laser beam, and the total station measures the relative coordinates of the first prism and the horizontal angle and the vertical angle at which the laser beam enters the front side plate; And a controller, which is respectively connected to the total station and the laser target. The controller calculates the position and attitude of the laser target according to the geodetic coordinates of the laser target, the horizontal angle and the vertical angle at which the laser beam enters the laser target, and the pitch angle and the roll angle of the laser target measured by the angle sensor.

Images