Photovoltaic panels

Abstract

The present application discloses a photovoltaic module, including a first solar cell unit, a second solar cell unit and a third solar cell unit. The first solar cell unit includes a first diode and a plurality of first solar cell string units connected in parallel. Any first solar cell string unit is connected in reverse parallel with the first diode. The second solar cell unit includes a second diode and a first subunit and a second subunit connected in parallel. The first subunit and the second subunit both include a plurality of second solar cell string units connected in parallel. The first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are symmetrically arranged with a straight line as the axis of symmetry, and the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrically arranged with a straight line as the axis of symmetry, so as to alleviate the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module under certain conditions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention generally relates to the field of photovoltaics, specifically to the field of photovoltaic power generation, and more particularly to a photovoltaic module. Background Art

[0002] With the national "Photovoltaic Leader Program" and the goal of grid parity, future photovoltaic module development will inevitably move towards higher efficiency and higher power. Currently, photovoltaic modules can be categorized by the number of cell slices: full-cell, half-cell, and stacked modules with 1 / 5 or 1 / 6 slices. Based on the circuit and cell connection method, they can be further categorized as full-series modules, series-parallel-series modules, and series-parallel modules.

[0003] Half-cell modules, currently a key method for increasing module efficiency, consist of evenly cutting a standard cell (156mm×156mm) into two pieces (156mm×78mm), which are then electrically connected using solder ribbon. Theoretically, this reduces power loss due to series resistance to a quarter of that of a full-cell module. Simultaneously, the operating temperature is lower than that of a full-cell module, significantly increasing the overall power output of the half-cell module. After nearly two years of research and manufacturing, half-cell module production technology has matured, thanks to its low additional cost and ease of mass production.

[0004] Under certain conditions, a shaded solar panel in a series circuit acts as a load, consuming the energy generated by other illuminated panels. This causes the shaded panel to heat up, a phenomenon known as the hot spot effect. This effect can severely damage solar cells. Some of the energy generated by illuminated panels may be consumed by the shaded panel. Mitigating the damage caused by shadows to panels has become a research priority. Summary of the Invention

[0005] In view of the above-mentioned defects or deficiencies in the prior art, it is desired to provide a photovoltaic module that alleviates the hot spot effect.

[0006] In a first aspect, a photovoltaic assembly of the present invention includes a first solar cell unit, a second solar cell unit, and a third solar cell unit, wherein the first solar cell unit includes a first diode and a plurality of first solar cell string units connected in parallel, wherein any first solar cell string unit is connected in reverse parallel to the first diode, the second solar cell unit includes a second diode and a first subunit and a second subunit connected in parallel, wherein the first subunit and the second subunit each include a plurality of second solar cell string units connected in parallel, wherein any second solar cell string unit is connected in reverse parallel to the second diode, the third solar cell unit includes a third diode and a plurality of third solar cell string units connected in parallel, wherein any third solar cell string unit is connected in reverse parallel to the third diode, the first solar cell unit, the second solar cell unit, and the third solar cell unit are sequentially connected in series, and the first solar cell string unit, the second solar cell string unit, and the third solar cell string unit each include a plurality of solar cells connected in series.

[0007] The first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are symmetrically arranged with the straight line as the symmetry axis, and the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrically arranged with the straight line as the symmetry axis.

[0008] According to the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present application, the first solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the first diode, the second solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the second diode, and the third solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the third diode. Under the condition of the same number of solar cells, the number of solar cell strings connected in parallel with the diodes can be increased, and the utilization rate of the diodes can be improved. The first solar cell unit, the third solar cell unit, and the first sub-unit and the second sub-unit are symmetrically arranged along the same straight line, thereby alleviating the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module under certain conditions, and can solve the problem that the existing photovoltaic modules are greatly affected by the hot spot effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0009] Other features, objects and advantages of the present application will become more apparent upon reading the detailed description of non-limiting embodiments made with reference to the following drawings:

[0010] Figure 1 It is a structural diagram of an existing photovoltaic module circuit;

[0011] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of a photovoltaic module circuit according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0012] Figure 3 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module being blocked according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0013] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the existing photovoltaic panels being blocked;

[0014] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of battery power comparison;

[0015] Figure 6 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module being blocked according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of the existing photovoltaic panels being blocked;

[0017] Figure 8 This is a schematic diagram of battery power comparison;

[0018] Figure 9 A schematic diagram of a photovoltaic module being blocked according to an embodiment of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of the existing photovoltaic panels being blocked;

[0020] Figure 11 This is a schematic diagram of battery power comparison. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0021] The present application will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and examples. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are merely for the purpose of explaining the relevant invention and are not intended to limit the invention. It should also be noted that, for ease of description, only the portions relevant to the invention are shown in the accompanying drawings.

[0022] It should be noted that, in the absence of conflict, the embodiments and features of the embodiments in this application can be combined with each other. The present application will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and in combination with the embodiments.

[0023] One embodiment of the present invention is, please refer to Figure 2 The photovoltaic module of the present invention includes a first solar cell unit 10, a second solar cell unit 20, and a third solar cell unit 30. The first solar cell unit 10 includes a first diode 11 and a plurality of first solar cell string units 12 connected in parallel. Any first solar cell string unit 12 is connected in reverse parallel to the first diode 11. The second solar cell unit 20 includes a second diode 21 and a first sub-unit 22 and a second sub-unit 23 connected in parallel. The first sub-unit 22 and the second sub-unit 23 each include a plurality of second solar cell string units 24 connected in parallel. Any second solar cell string unit 24 is connected in reverse parallel to the second diode 21. The third solar cell unit 30 includes a third diode 31 and a plurality of third solar cell string units 32 connected in parallel. Any third solar cell string unit 32 is connected in reverse parallel to the third diode 31. The first solar cell unit 10, the second solar cell unit 20, and the third solar cell unit 30 are connected in series in sequence. The first solar cell string unit 12, the second solar cell string unit 23, and the third solar cell string unit 32 each include a plurality of solar cells 40 connected in series.

[0024] The first solar cell unit 10 and the third solar cell unit 30 are symmetrically arranged with the straight line as the axis of symmetry, and the first subunit 22 and the second subunit 23 are symmetrically arranged with the straight line as the axis of symmetry.

[0025] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the first diode, the second solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the second diode, and the third solar cell string units are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with the third diode. With the same number of solar cells, the number of solar cell strings connected in parallel with the diodes can be increased, and the utilization rate of the diodes can be improved. The first solar cell unit, the third solar cell unit, and the first sub-unit and the second sub-unit are symmetrically arranged along the same straight line, thereby alleviating the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic module under certain conditions.

[0026] The number of solar cell string units connected in parallel in the first solar cell unit, the second solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit can be adjusted according to actual conditions. Of course, when the number of solar cell string units changes, the layout of the solar cells may need to be readjusted, thereby reducing the difficulty of production and processing and making photovoltaic modules easier to mass-produce.

[0027] Figure 1 This is a circuit diagram of an existing photovoltaic module. Figure 1 A detailed comparison is made by taking a solar cell with a half-cut cell as an example. Of course, the half-cut cell here is only for the convenience of explanation and does not constitute a limitation on solar cells. Figure 1 In the process, 12 solar cells are connected in series to form a solar cell string, two adjacent solar cell strings are connected in series to form a solar cell unit, and then the two solar cell units are connected in parallel and connected in reverse parallel with the diode. Figure 1 It contains 3 diodes and 12 solar cell strings. Figure 2 This is a circuit diagram of the photovoltaic module of this application. Figure 2 For detailed explanation, cells are sliced into thirds. Of course, the half-cut cells are merely for ease of explanation and do not constitute a limitation on solar cells. Eighteen solar cells are connected in series to form a solar cell string. Four solar cell strings are connected in parallel and in anti-parallel with a diode to form a first solar cell unit, a second solar cell unit, and a third solar cell unit. The first solar cell unit, the second solar cell unit, and the third solar cell unit are connected in series to form a photovoltaic module. Figure 2 The circuit relative to Figure 1 The circuit increases the number of solar cell strings connected in parallel with the diodes, thereby improving the utilization rate of the diodes and alleviating the hot spot effect of the photovoltaic modules.

[0028] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module of this application shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 4This is a schematic diagram of existing photovoltaic modules shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 5 for Figure 3 and Figure 4 The single-row battery power comparison between the two under the shading condition is shown. When the vertically installed single-row battery is shaded, the number of shaded components is before 15, and the output power of the photovoltaic component of the present application is better than that of the conventional half-cell component array.

[0029] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module of this application shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of existing photovoltaic modules shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 8 for Figure 6 and Figure 7 The comparison of single-row battery power between the two under the shading condition is shown. When the vertically installed single-row battery is shaded in the area where the first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit of the photovoltaic module of this application are located, after the number of shaded modules reaches 12, the output power of the photovoltaic module of this application is better than that of the conventional module.

[0030] Figure 9 This is a schematic diagram of the photovoltaic module of this application shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 10 This is a schematic diagram of existing photovoltaic modules shielding a single row of cells when installed vertically. Figure 11 for Figure 9 and Figure 10 The power comparison of single-row cells between the two under the shading condition is shown. When the vertically installed single-row cells are shaded in the area where the second solar cell unit of the present application is located, the output power of the two photovoltaic modules is almost the same under any shading amount.

[0031] Therefore, different installation rules can be formulated according to the different weather characteristics and environmental features of different regions, so that the photovoltaic modules applied for have the maximum power and the lowest loss. When the weather in the installation area is mostly sunny and there are fewer dusty and rainy days (that is, when the number of blocked modules is usually small), the vertical installation method is adopted. At this time, the output power of the photovoltaic modules of this application is higher; and when the weather in the installation area is mostly windy, sandy or rainy (that is, when the number of blocked modules is usually large), the horizontal installation method is adopted, and the end where the first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are located in the module is installed as the near-ground end (that is, the area where the first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are located is regarded as the area prone to blocking). At this time, the power of the photovoltaic modules of this application can be maximized.

[0032] Furthermore, the solar cell 40 is formed by cutting a whole solar cell into N equal parts. The number of the first solar cell string unit 12, the second solar cell string unit 23 and the third solar cell string unit 32 is equal and is M. M and N satisfy the following relationship:

[0033] M / N>1.

[0034] In an embodiment of the present invention, a first solar cell unit includes a first diode and a plurality of first solar cell string units connected in parallel. The component current is M / N whole cell current. A solar cell is formed by cutting a whole cell into three equal parts. The number of the first solar cell string unit, the second solar cell string unit, and the third solar cell string unit are all 4. The solar cell is a third of a cell. In theory, the main grid current is reduced to one-third of the original whole cell component, and in the component composed of it, the component current is 4 / 3 of the original whole cell component current, which exceeds the whole cell current, thereby increasing the component power. Moreover, with the same number of solar cells, the present application can reduce the component voltage. During the installation of photovoltaic components, more components can be installed on the same inverter, reducing installation costs. The power loss caused by string resistance will be reduced to one-ninth, which is about 55% lower than half a cell. In addition, the operating temperature is lower, which effectively reduces the losses and impacts caused by the hot spot effect in the presence of obstructions.

[0035] Existing solar panels typically do not exceed the current of the entire cell to accommodate existing cable and accessory specifications. However, this results in a relatively high panel voltage, which limits the number of panels that can be installed on the same inverter during installation and requires more inverters. However, the panel current in this application exceeds the current of the entire cell, which can reduce the panel voltage and allow the installation of more panels on the same inverter. This can reduce the number of inverters used during installation. Compared to replacing cables and accessories, reducing the number of inverters used can significantly reduce installation costs.

[0036] Furthermore, the positive electrode of the first subunit 22 is arranged on the side of the first subunit 22 close to the straight line, and the positive electrode of the second subunit 23 is arranged on the side of the second subunit 23 close to the straight line, or,

[0037] The cathode of the first subunit 22 is disposed on a side of the first subunit 22 close to the straight line, and the cathode of the second subunit 23 is disposed on a side of the second subunit 23 close to the straight line.

[0038] In the embodiment of the present invention, the first subunit and the second subunit are easily connected in parallel, which facilitates the layout of solar cells, thereby reducing the difficulty of production and processing, making photovoltaic modules easier to mass-produce.

[0039] Furthermore, the positive electrode of the first solar cell unit 10 is arranged on the side of the first solar cell unit 10 close to the straight line, and the negative electrode of the third solar cell unit 30 is arranged on the side of the third solar cell unit 30 close to the straight line, or,

[0040] The cathode of the first solar cell unit 10 is disposed on a side of the first solar cell unit 10 close to the straight line, and the anode of the third solar cell unit 30 is disposed on a side of the third solar cell unit 30 close to the straight line.

[0041] In the embodiments of the present invention, it is convenient to electrically connect the solar cells of the photovoltaic module, to layout the solar cells, and to electrically connect adjacent cells, thereby reducing the difficulty of production and processing and making the photovoltaic module easier to mass produce.

[0042] Furthermore, it includes a first lead wire 13 and a second lead wire 33 . The first lead wire 13 is led out from the side of the first solar cell unit 10 close to the straight line, and the second lead wire 33 is led out from the side of the third solar cell unit 30 close to the straight line.

[0043] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first lead wire and the second lead wire lead to the positive electrode and the negative electrode, respectively. Specifically, if the first lead wire leads to the positive electrode, the second lead wire leads to the negative electrode; if the first lead wire leads to the negative electrode, the second lead wire leads to the positive electrode. This facilitates the layout of solar cells and the electrical connection of adjacent cells, thereby reducing the difficulty of production and processing, making it easier to mass-produce photovoltaic modules.

[0044] Furthermore, the number of solar cells in the first solar cell string unit 12 , the second solar cell string unit 24 and the third solar cell string unit 32 is equal.

[0045] In the embodiment of the present invention, it is convenient to arrange the solar cells so that the solar cells can be evenly distributed on the photovoltaic module, so that each solar cell can be evenly illuminated, thereby improving the reliability of the photovoltaic module.

[0046] Furthermore, the number of solar cells 40 in each row is equal, and the number of solar cells 40 in each column is equal.

[0047] In the embodiment of the present invention, the number of solar cells in each row is equal, and the number of solar cells in each column is equal, which facilitates the layout of the solar cells, thereby reducing the difficulty of production and processing, making photovoltaic modules easier to mass-produce.

[0048] Furthermore, the first diode 11 is located between the first solar cell string 12 and the second solar cell string 24 .

[0049] Furthermore, the second diode 21 is located between the second solar cell string unit 24 and the third solar cell string unit 32 .

[0050] Furthermore, the third diode 31 is located between the second solar cell string unit 24 and the third solar cell string unit 32 .

[0051] In an embodiment of the present invention, the first diode, the second diode and the third diode are arranged in the middle of the photovoltaic module. On the one hand, it is convenient for the arrangement of solar cells and circuit design. On the other hand, it is convenient to place multiple diodes in the same junction box, thereby reducing the number of junction boxes used.

[0052] The above description is merely a preferred embodiment of the present application and an illustration of the technical principles employed. Those skilled in the art should understand that the scope of the invention herein is not limited to the technical solutions formed by the specific combination of the above-mentioned technical features, but also encompasses other technical solutions formed by any combination of the above-mentioned technical features or their equivalents without departing from the inventive concept. For example, a technical solution formed by replacing the above-mentioned features with (but not limited to) technical features having similar functions disclosed in this application.

Claims

1. A photovoltaic module, characterized in that: comprising a first solar cell unit, a second solar cell unit and a third solar cell unit, The first solar cell unit includes a first diode and a plurality of first solar cell string units connected in parallel, and any of the first solar cell string units is connected in reverse parallel with the first diode. The second solar cell unit includes a second diode and a first subunit and a second subunit connected in parallel. The first subunit and the second subunit each include a plurality of second solar cell string units connected in parallel. Any second solar cell string unit is connected in reverse parallel with the second diode. The third solar cell unit includes a third diode and a plurality of third solar cell string units connected in parallel, any of the third solar cell string units is connected in reverse parallel with the third diode, and the first solar cell unit, the second solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are connected in series in sequence. The first solar cell string unit, the second solar cell string unit and the third solar cell string unit each include a plurality of solar cells connected in series, wherein the solar cells are formed by cutting a whole solar cell into N equal parts, where N is a positive integer and N≥3. The first solar cell unit and the third solar cell unit are symmetrically arranged with a straight line as the axis of symmetry, the first subunit and the second subunit are symmetrically arranged with the straight line as the axis of symmetry, the positive electrode of the first solar cell unit is arranged on the side of the first solar cell unit close to the straight line, and the negative electrode of the third solar cell unit is arranged on the side of the third solar cell unit close to the straight line, or, The negative electrode of the first solar cell unit is arranged on a side of the first solar cell unit close to the straight line, and the positive electrode of the third solar cell unit is arranged on a side of the third solar cell unit close to the straight line.

2. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of the first solar cell string unit, the second solar cell string unit and the third solar cell string unit is equal to M, and M and N satisfy the following relationship: M / N>1.

3. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The positive electrode of the first subunit is arranged on a side of the first subunit close to the straight line, and the positive electrode of the second subunit is arranged on a side of the second subunit close to the straight line, or, The cathode of the first subunit is arranged on a side of the first subunit close to the straight line, and the cathode of the second subunit is arranged on a side of the second subunit close to the straight line.

4. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The first lead-out line is led out from a side of the first solar cell unit close to the straight line, and the second lead-out line is led out from a side of the third solar cell unit close to the straight line.

5. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of solar cells in the first solar cell string unit, the second solar cell string unit and the third solar cell string unit is equal.

6. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The number of the solar cells in each row is equal, and the number of the solar cells in each column is equal.

7. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The first diode is located between the first solar cell string unit and the second solar cell string unit.

8. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that The second diode is located between the second solar cell string unit and the third solar cell string unit.

9. The photovoltaic module according to claim 1, characterized in that: The third diode is located between the second solar cell string unit and the third solar cell string unit.

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