A track smoothness measurement device and method for quickly establishing a laser reference chord

Abstract

The present invention discloses a track smoothness measurement device and method for quickly establishing a laser reference chord. The device includes a transmitting end and a measuring end. The transmitting end includes a laser transmitting tube and a direction control mechanism, etc.; the measuring end includes a laser receiving screen, an embedded CPU, a camera, and a human-machine interface, etc. During measurement, the laser transmitting tube projects the laser onto the laser receiving screen to form a light spot. The camera captures the light spot image formed by the light spot on the laser receiving screen. The CPU processes, analyzes, and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot. Before measuring the track smoothness, a laser reference chord needs to be established first. The measuring end remotely controls the laser direction of the transmitting end through wireless communication. First, the laser spot is manually remotely controlled to enter the receiving screen. Then, the measuring end automatically remotely controls the laser emission direction according to the deviation between the light spot and the origin until the center of the light spot is aligned with the origin, thereby establishing the laser reference chord. The establishment process is fast and efficient. It can be operated by a single person, and the alignment effect of the laser can be observed at close range.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of laser alignment measurement, and in particular to a device and method for measuring the long-wave smoothness of a track for rapidly establishing a laser reference chord. Background Art

[0002] In order to achieve the safety and comfort of high-speed train operation, the high smoothness of the railway track must be ensured. Track smoothness includes two basic parameters: track direction and height. These two parameters refer to the dimensional deviation of the rail in the horizontal and vertical directions from the ideal position of the rail.

[0003] In the prior art, a method of measuring track smoothness in this field is to establish a laser reference chord parallel to the track and then use the laser reference chord to measure the long-wave smoothness of a section of rail. There are many measuring devices based on establishing laser reference chords in this field, such as the GPJ-A01 track smoothness laser detector (developed by Beijing Rat Laser Precision Instrument Co., Ltd.), the "Laser Track Smoothness Measuring Instrument" with a publication number of CN203753171U, the "Laser Track Smoothness Detection Device and Method" with a publication number of CN107764213A, and the "Track Smoothness Detection Device" with a publication number of CN104554342B. Their common features are: using an electronic longitude and latitude laser emitting device to emit and adjust the direction of the laser, the rotation center during adjustment is at the center of the laser tube, and during production and use, it is also necessary to ensure that this position is the same as the center of the measurement target. When measuring, to establish the laser reference chord, you first need to level and fix the laser emitting device; the second step is to level and fix the positioning target at the far reference end (some devices are directly replaced by measuring devices); the third step is to manually adjust the laser direction through the coarse and fine adjustment devices on the laser emitting device so that the laser is aimed at the positioning bull's eye at the far end. This process requires the use of an attached telescope, and someone at the far end needs to observe and cooperate, and adjust the laser interactively through gestures, mobile phones, etc., because even with a telescope, it is difficult to see the position of the bull's eye at a distance of 100 meters, and at night (the skylight point of high-speed rail maintenance), lighting equipment needs to be added. If you are not skilled, this process often takes a long time and is very inefficient. After the reference chord is established, measurement can be carried out. In order to ensure the level of the measuring device, some devices use a track ruler (Example 1), and some use a track car (Example 4), which undoubtedly increases the weight of the entire device.

[0004] In addition, due to various reasons such as routine maintenance or on-site measurement operations, the measurement target center deviates from the rotation center position of the laser emitting device. At this time, it is difficult to ensure the accuracy of the measurement. The performance is that the laser is aimed at the positioning target center at the far end, but a deviation is found when measuring closely, which affects the accuracy of the entire measurement. At this time, correction is required, and the correction process is often cumbersome.

[0005] In the prior art, the methods and devices for the measurement end to identify and measure the center of the laser spot are different. Example 1 uses a two-dimensional grid coordinate target and a laser beam to be phase modulated into a concentric ring-shaped laser spot for visual reading. Examples 2 and 3 use photoelectric detectors and PSD position sensors to receive the spot, and then process the received signal electronically or electromechanically. Example 3 uses a camera to capture an image behind a semi-transparent screen, and then transmits it to a computer for processing, and is equipped with a track trolley to place the computer. The data is read manually and visually. The result of the reading is greatly affected by human factors, and the accuracy can only reach 1mm. When measuring over long distances, the spot will be affected by the air. The light is turbulent and jittery, and it is impossible for humans to objectively perform averaging, filtering and other processing; photoelectric detectors and PSD position sensors are used to determine the center of the light spot by detecting the light intensity. However, due to the influence of various factors, the light intensity distribution in the cross section of the laser beam will produce asymmetry, which affects the accuracy of determining the center of the light spot; a camera is used to capture images, and the image recognition algorithm is used to process the diffraction image of the laser. The center position of the circle is obtained by fitting the circle, thereby determining the center of the light spot. The accuracy is relatively high, but Example 3 uses computer on-site processing and is equipped with a cart to place the computer, which makes the whole device bulky and inconvenient to carry and operate. Summary of the invention

[0006] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a track smoothness measurement device and method for quickly establishing a laser reference chord line in view of the deficiencies in the prior art. The device has a compact structure, small size, light weight, is easy to carry, and is easy to operate. It can quickly establish a laser reference chord line parallel to the track, so that one person can quickly and easily measure the long-wave smoothness of a straight track.

[0007] The technical solution for achieving the purpose of the present invention is as follows:

[0008] A track smoothness measuring device for quickly establishing a laser reference chord line comprises a transmitting end and a measuring end which are relatively placed at two ends of the measured rail during measurement, wherein the transmitting end comprises a laser transmitting tube; and the measuring end comprises a laser receiving screen, a camera and a human-machine interface;

[0009] The transmitting end also includes a radial spherical bearing, a direction control mechanism, a control circuit, and a wireless communication module connected to the control circuit;

[0010] The radial spherical bearing is connected to the head of the laser emitting tube; it ensures that the laser tube moves flexibly and the position change of the exit light spot is within the allowable error range when the direction is adjusted at a small angle;

[0011] The direction control mechanism is arranged at the tail of the laser emitting tube, receives the instruction of the control circuit, controls the two-dimensional movement of the tail of the laser emitting tube, and thus controls the emission direction of the laser;

[0012] The measuring end also includes an embedded CPU and a wireless communication module; the camera, the human-machine interface, and the wireless communication module are respectively connected to the embedded CPU;

[0013] Wireless communication modules are installed inside the transmitting end and the measuring end to exchange data information and command information with each other;

[0014] During measurement, the laser transmitting tube at the transmitting end projects the laser onto the laser receiving screen at the measuring end to form a light spot. The camera captures the light spot image formed by the light spot on the laser receiving screen, and the embedded CPU processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot.

[0015] The laser receiving screen at the measuring end is composed of a gray filter and a semi-transparent mold close to the filter. The gray filter can reduce the influence of ambient light. The camera is a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera, which is located inside the measuring end at the rear center of the laser receiving screen and can capture the entire laser receiving screen and the laser spot image projected on the laser receiving screen. The embedded CPU establishes a plane rectangular coordinate system with the center of the laser receiving screen or a point nearby as the origin. The embedded CPU filters the spot image in terms of color, light intensity, and shape, and performs processing, analysis, and calculation. The position of the center of the spot in the coordinate system is the smoothness of the rail at the measured point and the track deviation.

[0016] The laser emitting tube inside the transmitting end uses the head as the axis, and adjusts the direction of the laser by swinging the tail; the radial spherical bearing is connected to the head of the laser emitting tube and is fixed to the front end inside the transmitting end; the direction control mechanism is located at the tail inside the transmitting end, including a frame, a left adjustment device and a right adjustment device arranged on both sides of the frame, the left adjustment device and the right adjustment device have the same structure, and are both driven by a micro stepping motor, and the structure also includes a slide table, a screw rod, and a slider with a slide groove, and the slider can drive the slide groove to move back and forth along the screw rod under the drive of the motor;

[0017] A lever coaxial with the laser tube is provided at the tail of the laser emitting tube. The lever is inserted into the slide grooves of the two sliders. The left adjustment device and the right adjustment device are arranged orthogonally, so that the lever can move in a small plane, thereby adjusting the direction of the laser; the left adjustment device is at a 45° angle to the base, so that the lever can move stably close to one side of the slide groove under the action of gravity.

[0018] The bottom of the transmitting end and the measuring end are both installed with a bottom plate, which allows the device to be placed stably and accurately on the rail; the bottom plate is L-shaped and uses non-magnetic 304 stainless steel material. A strong magnet is set on the top of the bottom plate. During measurement operation, the bottom surface of the bottom plate of the transmitting end and the measuring end is adsorbed on the top surface of the rail through the magnet; at the same time, the inner side of the side plate is required to be close to the side of the rail. In order to avoid possible fat edges, the side is designed to be C-shaped.

[0019] An elastic track clamp is arranged opposite to the side plate of the measuring end, and a level bubble is arranged on the top of the measuring end shell. Since the top surface of the rail is slightly curved, the friction generated by the clamping of the track clamp can be used to slightly swing the measuring end to adjust it to a horizontal position. This design can ensure the consistency of the placement of the measuring end on the rail during the measurement operation and avoid the influence of human factors on the placement.

[0020] The transmitting end does not need a track clamp and a level bubble design. As long as it is basically placed in place during measurement and does not move during the entire measurement process, the accuracy of the measurement can be guaranteed.

[0021] When the transmitting end and the measuring end are placed relative to each other on the rail, the side of the bottom plate is on the same side of the rail; when the transmitting end and the measuring end are close to each other, the laser emitted by the transmitting end is projected to or near the center of the laser receiving screen of the measuring end.

[0022] The wireless communication module can exchange data information and instruction information between the transmitting end and the measuring end;

[0023] The human-machine interface of the measuring end is composed of a liquid crystal display and a plurality of buttons; the operator can send instructions through the human-machine interface of the measuring end to control the laser emission direction of the transmitting end; the measuring end can also automatically send instructions to control the laser direction according to the position of the light spot on the laser receiving screen, so that the laser light spot moves and aligns with the origin position on the laser receiving screen.

[0024] The camera adopts a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera. The laser receiving screen at the measuring end is composed of a gray filter and a semi-transparent mold close to the filter. The embedded CPU filters the color, light intensity and shape of the light spot image, and performs processing, analysis and calculation, which can adapt to all-weather outdoor operations.

[0025] The embedded CPU is a multimedia DSP processing chip that can quickly process various data information and image data; spot image processing, spot center point calculation, smoothness deviation calculation, wireless communication, data storage, display measurement data, receiving manual instructions, etc. are all completed by the embedded CPU.

[0026] The outside of the transmitting end and the measuring end are both equipped with a sealed shell that is compatible with their structures, and the shells are respectively provided with grooves for easy one-handed grasping; the inside of the transmitting end adopts electromechanical control, and there is no manual adjustment or fastening device on the outside; the track clamp of the measuring end is designed to be pressed down and placed, which is easy to operate, and there is no other adjustment or fastening device; the transmitting end and the measuring end have a compact structure, a small size, a sealed shell, and can be grasped and operated with one hand, can adapt to various outdoor working environments, and are easy to carry and maintain.

[0027] The measuring method based on the track smoothness measuring device comprises the following steps:

[0028] S1. Fix the transmitter on the rail at the starting point of the measurement, and move the measuring end so that the laser receiving screen is close to the laser emission port of the transmitter;

[0029] S2. After leveling the measuring end, the laser is emitted. The measuring end analyzes and stores the position of the center of the light spot projected on the laser receiving screen. After pressing the calibration key, this position is used as the origin to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system in the laser receiving screen.

[0030] S3. Place the measuring end on the rail at the far measuring reference end, with the laser receiving screen facing the transmitting end. If the laser is projected outside the laser receiving screen, first remotely control the angle of the laser transmitting tube through the human-machine interface to ensure that the laser enters the laser receiving screen, and then level the measuring end;

[0031] S4. The measuring end sends a command to the transmitting end to adjust the angle of the laser transmitting tube according to the offset between the center position of the received laser spot and the origin position described in S2, until the center of the laser spot is aligned with the origin position, and the measuring end sends a command to lock the angle of the laser transmitting tube. The transmitting end locks the laser emission direction according to the command, and the laser reference chord is built;

[0032] S5. Move the measuring end to the rail at the desired measuring position. After leveling the measuring end, the measuring end analyzes and calculates the center position of the light spot projected onto the laser receiving screen according to the coordinate system established in S2, obtains the rail smoothness deviation at the measuring position, and displays it on the LCD screen.

[0033] The principle of establishing the laser reference chord of the track smoothness measuring device of the present invention is as follows: the head of the laser transmitting tube is connected to the base of the transmitting end through a radial spherical bearing, and the tail end of the laser transmitting tube swings. The laser actually swings with the center of the transmitting port of the head of the transmitting tube as the axis. At the starting point of the measurement, the laser receiving screen is close to the laser transmitting port, which can ensure that the center position of the laser spot obtained on the laser receiving screen is equal to the center position of the transmitting port of the head of the laser transmitting tube. After leveling the measuring end, the position of the center of the light spot on the laser receiving screen at this time is defined as the origin of the plane rectangular coordinates, and a coordinate system with equal height and equal deviation is established between the transmitting end and the measuring end. When the measuring end is placed on the far measuring reference end and leveled, the remote control laser is projected to the origin position. At this time, the laser between the measuring starting point and the far measuring reference end constitutes the measuring reference chord. The rail smoothness deviation of each measuring point between the measuring starting point and the far measuring reference end is the reading of the center of the light spot at that location on the coordinate system in the plane of the laser receiving screen.

[0034] The beneficial effects of the device of the present invention compared with the prior art are as follows:

[0035] 1. Easy maintenance and use, simple structure and low manufacturing cost

[0036] Since the origin of the transmitting end and the measuring end is automatically determined on site, and once the origin is determined, it basically remains unchanged when adjusting the laser direction, there is no need to accurately align the two ends with the center position, and no additional leveling device is required at the transmitting end; because the transmitting end has no data measurement requirements, it only needs to adjust the direction of the laser tube according to the instructions of the measuring end, so the adjustment only needs relative accuracy, so the manufacturing accuracy requirements are low and the cost is low.

[0037] The measuring end uses a miniature high-definition color CMOS camera to capture images. Spot image processing, smoothness deviation calculation, wireless communication, data storage, data reading, etc. are all completed by the embedded CPU. The measured data is displayed in real time, the human-machine interface is simple, no external data processing equipment is required, and there is no complex mechanical adjustment device on the outside, achieving the requirements of low manufacturing cost and compact structure.

[0038] 2. Easy to operate

[0039] This device is particularly suitable for nighttime skylight maintenance operations. When the laser direction is manually controlled at the measuring end, the alignment effect of the laser can be observed at close range. After the laser spot enters the receiving screen, the measuring end issues an adjustment instruction to the laser emission direction of the transmitting end through the wireless communication module according to the deviation between the center position of the laser spot and the origin. The laser emission direction is remotely controlled until the center of the spot is aligned with the origin. This process does not require human intervention and is all completed by automatic adjustment of the machine. The laser reference chord is established quickly and efficiently, and the entire measurement operation can be completed by one person.

[0040] 3. Achieve IP54 protection

[0041] Since there is no complicated manual adjustment mechanism, the appearance of the transmitting end and the measuring end can be designed to be sealed, easily achieving IP54 or higher protection standards, adapting to outdoor environments, and simple maintenance.

[0042] 4. Integrated and portable design

[0043] With embedded CPU, direction adjustment, shooting, processing, display, communication and storage are all integrated in a sealed casing, which is compact and light, easy to carry and operate. The total weight of the whole set of equipment can be controlled within 2Kg, and the whole set of equipment can be put into a 290x290x110mm tool box, which can be carried away with one hand. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0044] Figure 1 This is a schematic diagram of the appearance structure of the transmitting end and the measuring end of the track smoothness measuring device of the embodiment;

[0045] Figure 2 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the transmitter;

[0046] Figure 3 for Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the internal structure of the middle measuring end;

[0047] Figure 4 This is the working principle diagram of the transmitter and the measuring end;

[0048] Figure 5 This is a schematic diagram of the working state of the track smoothness measuring device of the embodiment establishing the measurement coordinate origin at the measurement starting point;

[0049] Figure 6 Schematic diagram of the working state of the track smoothness measuring device of the embodiment of the remote control laser emission direction at the far measurement reference end.

[0050] In the figure, 1. Transmitter 101. Transmitter housing 102. Transmitter bottom plate 103. Transmitter side plate 104. Laser emission window 105. Transmitter housing grooves

[0051] 11. Laser emission tube 111. Lever 12. Radial spherical bearing 121. Bearing seat

[0052] 13. Direction control mechanism 131. Frame 132. Right adjustment device 133. Left adjustment device 134. Stepper motor 135. Screw 136. Screw slide 137. Slider 138. Lever slide

[0053] 14. Control circuit 15. Transmitter wireless communication module 16. Strong magnet

[0054] 2. Measuring end 201. Measuring end housing 202. Measuring end bottom plate 203. Measuring end side plate 204. Track clamp 205. Measuring end housing concave pattern

[0055] 21. Laser receiving screen 22. Level bubble 23. Dark box 24. Camera 25. LCD screen 26. Buttons 27. Embedded CPU 28. Human-machine interface 29. Wireless communication module at the measuring end. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0056] The present invention is further described below with reference to the embodiments and drawings, but is not intended to limit the present invention. Example

[0057] Reference Figure 1-4, a track smoothness measuring device for quickly establishing a laser reference chord line, comprising a transmitting end 1 and a measuring end 2 which are relatively placed at two ends of a rail to be measured during measurement, wherein the transmitting end 1 comprises a laser transmitting tube 11, a radial spherical bearing 12, a direction control mechanism 13, a control circuit 14, and a wireless communication module 15 connected to the control circuit 14;

[0058] The radial spherical bearing 12 is connected to the head of the laser emitting tube 11 to ensure that the laser tube 11 moves flexibly and the position of the exit light spot remains basically unchanged when the laser direction is adjusted at a small angle;

[0059] The direction control mechanism 13 is arranged at the tail of the laser emitting tube 11, and is used to control the two-dimensional movement of the tail of the laser emitting tube 11;

[0060] The direction control mechanism 13 comprises a frame 131, a left adjustment device 133 and a right adjustment device 132. The left adjustment device 133 and the right adjustment device 132 have the same structure and are arranged orthogonally. The right adjustment device 132 comprises a stepper motor 134, a stepper motor 134 with a lead screw 135, a slider 137 with a slide groove 138 and a slide table 136; the slide table 136 is fixed on the frame 131, and the lead screw 135, the stepper motor 134 and the slider 137 are all assembled in the slide table 136; under the drive of the motor 134 The slider 137 can drive the slide groove 138 to move back and forth along the screw rod 135; the tail end of the laser emitting tube 11 is provided with a lever 111 that coincides with the axis of the laser emitting tube, and the lever 111 penetrates into the slide grooves of the left and right sliders. The left adjustment device 133 and the right adjustment device 132 are orthogonally arranged, so that the lever 111 can move in a small plane, thereby adjusting the direction of the laser; the left adjustment device 132 is at an angle of 45° with the base, so that the lever 111 can move stably close to one side of the slide groove 138 under the action of gravity.

[0061] The direction control mechanism 13 and the wireless communication module 15 are connected to the control circuit 14 ; the wireless communication module 15 receives the laser direction control instruction sent by the measuring end 2 , and the control circuit 14 controls the emission direction of the laser through the direction control mechanism 13 after processing.

[0062] The bottom plate 102 with the side plate 103 is installed at the bottom of the transmitting end 1. The bottom plate 102 is made of non-magnetic 304 stainless steel. A strong magnet 16 is arranged above the bottom plate 102. The magnetic lines of force pass through the bottom plate 102 to absorb the rail, so that the transmitting end 1 is stably placed on the rail. The inner side of the side plate 103 is close to the side of the rail. In order to avoid the possible fat edge, the side plate 103 is designed to be C-shaped.

[0063] The measuring end 2 includes a laser receiving screen 21, a level bubble 22, a dark box 23, a camera 24, a liquid crystal display 25, a button 26, a human-machine interface 28, an embedded CPU 27, and a wireless communication module 29; the human-machine interface 28 is composed of the button 26, the liquid crystal display 25, a film panel and a PCB circuit board; the camera 24, the human-machine interface 28, and the wireless communication module 29 are respectively connected to the embedded CPU 27;

[0064] The bottom plate 202 with the side plate 203 is installed at the bottom of the measuring end 2 and is made of non-magnetic 304 stainless steel. A strong magnet (not marked in the figure) is also arranged above the bottom plate 202. The magnetic lines of force pass through the bottom plate 202 to absorb the rail, so that the measuring end 2 is stably placed on the rail. The inner side of the side plate 203 is close to the side of the rail. In order to avoid the possible fat edge, the side plate 203 is designed to be C-shaped. An elastic rail clamp 204 is arranged opposite to the side plate 203, and the front end of the rail clamp 204 is arc-shaped. The track clamp 204 is used to maintain a certain distance from the side plate 203 by a limiting mechanism. Since the top surface of the rail is slightly curved, the measuring end 2 can be placed on the rail by pressing. A level bubble 22 is provided on the top of the outer shell of the measuring end 2. The friction force generated by the clamping of the track clamp 204 can be used to slightly swing the measuring end 2 to adjust it to a horizontal position. This design can ensure the consistency of the placement of the measuring end 2 on the rail during the measurement operation, avoid the influence of human factors on the placement, and make the operation simple and easy.

[0065] The laser receiving screen 21 is located in front of the measuring end 1. When the transmitting end 1 and the measuring end 2 are correctly placed on the rail and close to each other, the head of the laser transmitting tube 11 is close to the laser receiving screen 21, and the laser emitted by the transmitting end 1 is projected to the center or vicinity of the laser receiving screen 21 at the measuring end.

[0066] During the measurement operation, the laser emitting tube 11 projects the laser onto the laser receiving screen 21 to form a light spot, the camera 24 captures the light spot image formed by the light spot on the laser receiving screen 21, and the embedded CPU 27 processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot.

[0067] The wireless communication module 15 disposed inside the transmitting end 1 and the wireless communication module 29 disposed inside the measuring end 2 exchange data information with each other;

[0068] The outside of the transmitting end 1 is provided with a sealed shell 101 adapted to its structure, and the shell 101 is provided with a laser emitting window 104 made of optical plane glass.

[0069] The outside of the measuring end 2 is also provided with a sealed housing 201 adapted to its structure, and a liquid crystal display screen 25 and a light touch button 26 are arranged on the housing 201 and sealed with a film panel.

[0070] The transmitting end housing 101 is provided with a groove 105 , and the measuring end housing 201 is provided with a groove 205 , so as to facilitate single-handed grasping.

[0071] Reference Figure 5-6 The measuring method of the track smoothness measuring device comprises the following steps:

[0072] S1. Reference Figure 5 , fix the transmitter 1 on the rail at the starting point of the measurement, with the side plate 103 of the transmitter 1 close to the side of the rail, and the bottom plate 102 adsorbed on the top surface of the rail, so that the transmitter 1 is stably placed on the rail until the measurement is completed, and the transmitter 1 cannot move at all;

[0073] Place the measuring end 2 on the top surface of the rail in front of the transmitting end 1, with the laser receiving screen 21 facing the transmitting end 1, and move the measuring end 2 until the laser receiving screen 21 of the measuring end 2 is close to the laser emitting port 104 of the transmitting end 1;

[0074] S2. After leveling the measuring end 2 according to the level bubble 22, press the calibration key 0, the measuring end 2 analyzes and stores the position of the center of the light spot projected on the laser receiving screen 21 at this time, and uses its position as the origin to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system in the laser receiving screen 21;

[0075] S3. Reference Figure 6 , the measuring end 2 is placed on the rail at the far measuring reference end, so that the laser receiving screen 21 faces the transmitting end 1. If the laser is projected outside the laser receiving screen 21, the angle of the laser transmitting tube 11 should be remotely controlled by pressing the button 26 to ensure that the laser enters the laser receiving screen 21, and the measuring end 2 is placed and leveled;

[0076] S4. Once the measuring end 2 senses that the laser spot is projected onto the laser receiving screen 21, it enters the automatic remote control mode of the transmitting end 1. The measuring end 2 sends a command to the transmitting end 1 to adjust the deflection angle of the laser transmitting tube 11 according to the offset between the center position of the received laser spot and the origin position described in S2, and changes the laser emission angle until the center of the laser spot is aligned with the origin position. Then the measuring end 2 sends a command to lock the laser transmitting tube, and the transmitting end 11 locks the laser emission direction according to the command, and the laser reference chord is established;

[0077] S5. Place the measuring end 2 on the rail at the desired measuring position. After leveling the measuring end 2, analyze and calculate the center position of the light spot projected onto the laser receiving screen 21 according to the coordinate system established in S2. The horizontal coordinate is the track deviation of the rail at that location, and the vertical coordinate is the height deviation of the rail at that location, thereby obtaining the smoothness deviation of the rail at the measuring position. The data is displayed on the LCD screen 25, stored in the measuring end 2, or transmitted to the operator's handheld terminal.

Claims

1. A track smoothness measuring device for quickly establishing a laser reference chord, comprising a transmitting end and a measuring end placed opposite to each other at two ends of the rail being measured, characterized in that: The transmitting end includes a laser transmitting tube, a radial spherical bearing, and a direction control mechanism; the measuring end includes a laser receiving screen, a camera, and a human-machine interface; The transmitting end also includes a control circuit and a wireless communication module connected to the control circuit; The radial spherical bearing is connected to the head of the laser emitting tube, so that the position change of the exit light spot is within the allowable error range when the direction is adjusted; The direction control mechanism is arranged at the tail of the laser emitting tube, receives the instruction of the control circuit, controls the two-dimensional movement of the tail of the laser emitting tube, and thus controls the emission direction of the laser; The measuring end also includes an embedded CPU and a wireless communication module; the camera, the wireless communication module and the human-machine interface are respectively connected to the embedded CPU; Wireless communication modules located inside the transmitting end and the measuring end exchange data information with each other; During measurement, the laser transmitting tube at the transmitting end projects the laser onto the laser receiving screen at the measuring end to form a light spot. The camera captures the light spot image formed by the light spot on the laser receiving screen. The embedded CPU processes, analyzes and calculates the light spot image to obtain the position of the center of the light spot. The laser receiving screen of the measuring end is composed of a gray filter and a semi-transparent mold close to the filter; the camera is placed inside the measuring end at the center of the rear of the laser receiving screen, and can capture the entire laser receiving screen and the laser spot image projected on the laser receiving screen; the embedded CPU establishes a plane rectangular coordinate system with the center of the laser receiving screen or a point nearby as the origin; The position of the center of the light spot in the coordinate system calculated by the embedded CPU is the level of rail smoothness and track deviation at the measured point; The laser emitting tube inside the transmitting end uses the head as the axis, and adjusts the direction of the laser by swinging the tail; the radial spherical bearing is connected to the head of the laser emitting tube and fixed to the front end inside the transmitting end; The direction control mechanism is located at the tail end of the transmitting end, and includes a frame, a left adjusting device and a right adjusting device arranged on both sides of the frame. The left adjusting device and the right adjusting device have the same structure and are both driven by a micro stepping motor. The structure also includes a slide, a lead screw, and a slider with a slide groove. Driven by the motor, the slider can drive the slide groove to move back and forth along the lead screw; a lever coaxial with the laser tube is provided at the tail end of the laser transmitting tube, and the lever penetrates into the slide grooves of the two sliders. The left adjusting device and the right adjusting device are orthogonally arranged, so that the lever can move in a small plane, thereby adjusting the direction of the laser; the left adjusting device is at a 45° angle with the base, so that the lever can move stably close to one side of the slide groove under the action of gravity.

2. The track smoothness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The transmitting end and the measuring end both have wireless communication modules inside, and the transmitting end and the measuring end can exchange data information and command information with each other; The human-machine interface of the measuring end is composed of a liquid crystal display and a plurality of buttons; the operator can send instructions through the human-machine interface of the measuring end to control the laser emission direction of the transmitting end; the operator can also press a button to put the measuring end into automatic alignment mode, and the measuring end automatically sends instructions to control the laser direction according to the position of the light spot on the laser receiving screen, so that the laser spot moves and aligns with the origin position on the laser receiving screen.

3. The track smoothness measuring device according to claim 1, characterized in that: The outside of the transmitting end and the measuring end are both provided with a closed shell adapted to their structures, and the shells are respectively provided with grooves for easy one-handed grasping; a laser transmitting window made of optical flat glass is provided on the front end of the shell of the transmitting end; the laser receiving screen of the measuring end is composed of a gray filter and a semi-transparent mold close to the filter to form the front face of the measuring end, and the human-machine interface of the measuring end is arranged above its shell and is sealed with a film panel; during the measurement operation, the bottom surfaces of the bottom plates of the transmitting end and the measuring end are close to the top surface of the rail, and the side edges of the bottom plates are on the same side of the rail and fit the side of the rail. When the transmitting end and the measuring end are close, the laser emitted by the transmitting end is projected to or near the center position of the laser receiving screen of the measuring end.

4. The measuring method of the track smoothness measuring device according to any one of claims 1 to 3, characterized in that: The steps include: S1. Fix the transmitter on the rail at the starting point of the measurement, and move the measuring end so that the laser receiving screen is close to the laser emission port of the transmitter; S2. After leveling the measuring end, the laser is emitted. The measuring end analyzes and stores the position of the center of the light spot projected on the laser receiving screen, and uses this position as the origin to establish a plane rectangular coordinate system in the laser receiving screen; S3. Place the measuring end on the rail at the far measuring reference end, with the laser receiving screen facing the transmitting end. If the laser is projected outside the laser receiving screen, first remotely control the angle of the laser transmitting tube through the human-machine interface to ensure that the laser enters the laser receiving screen, and then level the measuring end; S4. The measuring end sends a command to the transmitting end to adjust the angle of the laser transmitting tube according to the offset between the center position of the received laser spot and the origin position described in S2, until the center of the laser spot is aligned with the origin position, and the measuring end sends a command to lock the angle of the laser transmitting tube. The transmitting end locks the laser emission direction according to the command, and the laser reference chord is built; S5. Place the measuring end on the rail at the desired measuring position. After leveling the measuring end, the measuring end analyzes and calculates the center position of the light spot projected onto the laser receiving screen according to the coordinate system established in S2, obtains the rail smoothness deviation at the measuring position, and displays it on the LCD screen.

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