A cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and teaching method simulating different clinical conditions

Abstract

The present invention provides a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and teaching method that simulate different clinical conditions. The model is provided with a simulated skin body, a simulated bladder body, a simulated uterus body, a simulated cervix body, a simulated vaginal body and a simulated rectum body. The simulated bladder body is provided with a simulated urethra. The simulated cervix body includes a cervix body mounting base and a cervix body body. The cervix body body includes two types: a preventive cervical cerclage cervix body body that simulates a normal cervix and an emergency cervix body body that is provided with a through hole. The simulated uterus body is assembled from a simulated uterus body first component and a simulated uterus body second component. A detachable simulated amniotic membrane sac body is provided inside the simulated uterus body. The simulated vaginal body is made of highly elastic silicone. The present invention fills the gap in the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model, helps to simulate different clinical conditions, meets the needs of teaching and training of different surgical methods of cervical cerclage, has high fidelity, helps to achieve good teaching results, and is easy to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of medical teaching, in particular to a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model and a teaching method for simulating different clinical conditions. Background Art

[0002] The incidence of premature birth in my country is about 7%-8%, and about 1.17 million premature babies are born every year. Premature babies have many complications and high mortality rates. The prevention of premature birth is the focus of obstetric clinical work. About two-thirds of premature births are spontaneous. Cervical cerclage is a surgical treatment measure to prevent spontaneous premature births, but due to the relative lack of clinical operation opportunities, this surgical technique has not been widely mastered by obstetricians. Medical simulation training is an effective method for efficient training, and highly realistic models can achieve better training results.

[0003] Currently, there is no medical model specifically used for cervical cerclage. There are only medical cervical models used for gynecological examinations. Although the existing medical models have cervical anatomy, they cannot meet the needs of cervical cerclage teaching due to the following reasons: 1. The cervical model does not have embedded vascular anatomy, and the bladder and rectal anatomy adjacent to the cervix are not made. It cannot meet the needs of teaching and training of different surgical methods of cervical cerclage, and the simulation clinical realism is poor; 2. The cervix has a single morphology and cannot simulate different clinical conditions; 3. The elasticity of the vaginal material is poor, which cannot meet the need of cervical cerclage to fully expand the vagina to expose the cervical anatomy.

[0004] Patent document CN201662925U, published on December 1, 2010, discloses a training model for gynecological examination, which is mainly composed of an adult female lower body model, characterized in that the adult female lower body model extends from the waist to the upper 1 / 3 of the thigh, and is in the standard lithotomy position for gynecological examination; the simulated outer skin of the model is made of soft PVC material and is highly simulated; the model body is made of hard PVC material, and the simulated outer skin is covered on the outside of the body; the model is equipped with 5 simulated uteruses, namely: anteverted uterus, retroverted uterus, 7-9 weeks of pregnancy uterus, 10- 12-week uterus, 20-week uterus of pregnancy; the simulated uterus has attachments, including ovaries and fallopian tubes; the model is also equipped with 7 simulated cervixes, namely: normal cervix, pregnant cervix, multiparous cervix, cervical erosion cervix, cervical cancer cervix, cervical inversion, cervical gland cysts and cervical polyps; the simulated uterus and simulated cervix can be combined arbitrarily and connected by buckles; open the simulated outer skin of the model, and you can see the simulated vagina and pubic symphysis inside. There is a circular hole in the middle of the simulated vagina that is consistent with the diameter of the cervix. The simulated uterus is on the inside of the vaginal circular hole, and the simulated cervix is ​​on the outside of the vaginal circular hole. The two are connected together by buckles. The beneficial effects of the utility model are: providing a simulated gynecological examination model, equipped with uterus and cervix in different states, which can be used for routine gynecological examinations and training to distinguish normal or pathological cervix and uterus, including palpation of pregnant uterus, which can be used for teaching demonstrations and practical exercises. However, the model cannot simulate the cervical morphology of preventive cervical cerclage and the cervical morphology of amniotic sac bulge during emergency cerclage, and the design of each component is not suitable for high-fidelity simulation teaching of cervical cerclage.

[0005] Patent document CN101996513A, published on March 30, 2011, discloses a simulation teaching model for cervical laceration during childbirth and episiotomy, inspection and suturing, comprising a hard profiling model of the position of half of the human body buttocks and a soft profiling model of anus and perineum, the soft profiling model being attached between the two profiling thighs of the hard profiling model; a profiling vaginal opening and a profiling anal opening are arranged side by side from top to bottom in the middle of the soft profiling model; a profiling cervical body and a profiling rectal body are arranged on the inner side of the soft profiling model, and the profiling rectal body is directly opposite to the profiling anal opening, and the profiling cervical body is directly opposite to the profiling vaginal opening. However, the purpose of this patent document is to provide a simulation teaching model for cervical laceration during childbirth and episiotomy, inspection and suturing with a complete structure, strong operability, convenient assembly and disassembly, stable model, neat appearance and good profiling effect, but the model does not contain the cervical morphology used for cervical cerclage, and also cannot meet the needs of high-fidelity simulation teaching of cervical cerclage.

[0006] Patent document CN203038548U, published on July 3, 2013, discloses a three-dimensional ring model around the cervix, which consists of a uterus, vagina, fallopian tubes, ovaries, rectum, bladder, urethra, ureter, uterine artery, uterine vein, bladder vein and nerves around the uterus. The purpose of this patent document is to provide a three-dimensional ring model around the cervix for gynecological surgery training, clinical teaching and scientific research, but the model also has the above-mentioned defects and is not suitable for high-fidelity simulation teaching of cervical cerclage.

[0007] In summary, there is an urgent need for a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model, especially a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model that can simulate different clinical conditions, meet the needs of teaching and training of different surgical methods of cervical cerclage, has high realism, helps to achieve good teaching results, and is easy to use. Summary of the invention

[0008] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model that can simulate different clinical conditions, meet the needs of teaching and training of different cervical cerclage surgical methods, has high realism, helps to achieve good teaching results, and is easy to use in order to address the deficiencies in the prior art.

[0009] Another object of the present invention is to provide a cervical cerclage simulation teaching method.

[0010] To achieve the above first purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0011] A cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions is provided with a simulated skin body, wherein the simulated skin body is provided with a simulated bladder body, a simulated uterus body, a simulated cervix body, a simulated vaginal body and a simulated rectum body; the simulated cervix body comprises a cervix body mounting base and a cervix body main body, wherein the cervix body mounting base is made of elastic material and is located below the simulated uterus body; the cervix body main body comprises a preventive cervical cerclage cervix body imitating a normal cervix of an adult female and an emergency cervix body provided with a through hole with a diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm; the simulated vaginal body is located below the cervix body mounting base and opens to the simulated external genitalia body; the simulated uterus body is hollow inside, a uterus body injection hole is provided on the top wall, and a second sealing plug cooperates with the uterus body injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated uterus body; the simulated uterus body is pluggable The imitation uterus body is assembled in the following manner, including a first imitation uterus body component located at the top and having a protrusion on the lower edge, and a second imitation uterus body component located at the bottom and having a groove on the upper edge; an imitation amniotic membrane sac body is arranged inside the imitation uterus body, and the imitation amniotic membrane sac body is an elastic sac-like structure, provided with a fixing part and a sac body, the caliber of the fixing part is smaller than the caliber of the sac body, in the assembled state, the fixing part is folded outwards, surrounded and clamped on the wall of the groove near the inside of the uterus, and the protrusion is embedded in the groove; when the imitation uterus body is filled with contents, the imitation amniotic membrane sac body is fully expanded and the lower end protrudes toward the through hole of the emergency cervical cerclage body; the imitation bladder body is provided with an imitation urethra opening to the imitation external genitalia body, and the imitation urethra is provided with an anti-reflux valve; the imitation bladder body and the imitation rectum body are both filled with fluid or solid particles.

[0012] As a preferred example of the present invention, the imitation vagina body is made of highly elastic silicone.

[0013] As another preferred example of the present invention, the outer diameters of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body are both larger than the caliber of the middle of the cervical body mounting base, and they are assembled by means of a chimeric manner.

[0014] As another preferred example of the present invention, the interior of the simulated bladder body is a cavity, a bladder injection hole is provided on the top wall, a first sealing plug cooperates with the bladder injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated bladder body, the lower end of the simulated bladder body is fixed to the bottom of the simulated skin body through a columnar bladder base, and the bladder base is consistent with the direction of an adult urethra; the interior of the simulated rectum body is a cavity, a rectum injection hole is provided on the top wall, a third sealing plug cooperates with the rectum injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated rectum body, the lower end of the simulated rectum body is fixed to the bottom of the simulated skin body through a columnar rectum base, and the rectum base is consistent with the direction of an adult rectum.

[0015] As another preferred example of the present invention, the simulated bladder body is a detachable structure, and the bladder base is fixed in a columnar bladder base mounting tube at the bottom of the simulated skin body; the simulated rectum body is a detachable structure, and the rectum base is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube at the bottom of the simulated skin body.

[0016] As another preferred example of the present invention, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a sealing cover, and the artificial skin body and the sealing cover are fastened by screws.

[0017] As another preferred example of the present invention, the simulated skin body and the sealing cover are both made of hard materials; the simulated bladder body, simulated uterus body, simulated cervix body, simulated vagina body and simulated rectum body are made of soft materials.

[0018] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are embedded at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body.

[0019] As another preferred embodiment of the present invention, the simulated blood vessel is detachable.

[0020] To achieve the above second purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is:

[0021] A cervical cerclage teaching method uses any of the cervical cerclage simulation teaching models described above.

[0022] The advantages of the present invention are:

[0023] Based on the rich clinical experience and teaching experience of cervical cerclage, the inventor of the present application realizes the lack of simulation training in the current cervical cerclage teaching, and based on the full research and summary of the operation of cervical cerclage, medical teaching model materials and structural design, the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention is produced, which fills the gap in the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model, and the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention also has the following advantages in design:

[0024] 1. The imitation cervix body is designed as a detachable movable component, including a preventive cervical cerclage cervix body and an emergency cervical cerclage cervix body. An elastic imitation amniotic membrane sac body is provided inside the imitation uterus body for easy assembly and disassembly to cooperate with the emergency cervical cerclage cervix body to simulate emergency cervical cerclage. When conducting different surgical training for preventive cervical cerclage and emergency cerclage, different components with different cervical shapes can be selected and whether to use the imitation amniotic membrane sac body can be selected, so as to achieve more detailed training of different surgical skills under different clinical conditions;

[0025] 2. It is equipped with a simulated bladder body and a simulated rectum body to simulate the actual female anatomy. In the teaching of Shirodkar cerclage surgery, it is convenient for students to perform the surgical steps of pushing up the bladder and rectum during simulation training, making the surgical operation during simulation more detailed and closer to clinical practice, and the training effect of students is better. The simulated bladder body and the simulated rectum body are both equipped with contents, and the simulated bladder body and the simulated rectum body are made of highly elastic materials and are easily broken. They simulate the actual bladder and rectum very realistically, and provide professional training on the strength of pushing up the bladder and rectum.

[0026] 3. The imitation vagina body is made of highly elastic material to simulate the expansibility of the clinical female vagina, so that the cervix can be fully exposed during vaginal examination, providing students with a good surgical field of view.

[0027] 4. The simulated cervix body is a detachable movable component, and the simulated bladder body and the simulated rectum body are also detachable. The local model can be replaced at will for surgeries that require cutting or after local material loss.

[0028] 5. Simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are buried at 3 and 9 o'clock on the simulated cervical body. During the simulated cerclage operation, if the suture position is improper and the simulated blood vessels are pierced, bleeding will occur. The highly realistic simulation of clinical conditions can better strengthen the trainees' memory of the key points of the operation.

[0029] 6. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention has a simple and ingenious structural design and realizes a realistic simulation of the human body.

[0030] In general, the present invention is helpful to simulate different clinical conditions and meet the needs of teaching and training of different cervical cerclage surgical methods. It has high realism, helps to achieve good teaching effects, and is easy to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0031] Attached Figure 1 The diagram is a schematic diagram of the external structure of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions according to the present invention.

[0032] Attached Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section (i.e., a sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention, with the cervical body mounting base and the cervical body main body being disassembled.

[0033] Attached Figure 3 It is a schematic diagram of the amniotic sac in a disassembled state.

[0034] Attached Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of middle A.

[0035] Attached Figure 5It is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section (i.e., a sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention, when a cervical body mounting base and a preventive cervical cerclage cervical body are assembled.

[0036] Attached Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section (i.e., a sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention, when a cervical body mounting base and an emergency cervical cerclage body are assembled.

[0037] Attached Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the cervical body of preventive cervical cerclage and the cervical body of emergency cerclage. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0038] The specific implementation modes provided by the present invention are described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0039] The reference numerals and components involved in the drawings are as follows:

[0040] External genitalia 1 Skin-like body 2 Sealing cover 3 Screw 4 Bladder imitation 5 Imitation uterus 6 Imitation uterus first component 61 Bump 611 Imitation uterus second component 62 Groove 621 Cervical Imitation 7 Imitation vagina 8 Imitation rectum body 9 First sealing plug 10 Bladder base 11 Second sealing plug 12 Amniotic membrane sac 13 Fixing portion 131 Bag body 132 Cervical body mounting base 71 Cervical body 72 Preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 Emergency cerclage cervical body 722 The third sealing plug 14 Rectal Pedestal 15 Simulated blood vessels 16 Bladder base mounting tube 17 Imitation urethra 18 Rectal base mounting tube 19 Simulated blood vessel installation cavity 20 Fourth sealing plug 21 Anti-regurgitant valve 22 Imitation anus 23

[0041] Example 1

[0042] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 The external structure diagram of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention is provided. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulates the lower body of an adult woman, from the waist to the upper 1 / 3 of the thigh, a standard lithotomy position for gynecological examination, and is provided with a simulated external genitalia body 1, and the simulated external genitalia body 1 is provided with a vaginal opening and a urethral opening.

[0043] See also Figure 2 , Figure 2It is a schematic diagram of the longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention, when the cervical body is installed on the base and the cervical body is disassembled. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a simulated skin body 2, and a sealing cover 3 is provided on the top surface. The simulated skin body 2 and the sealing cover 3 are fastened by screws 4. The interior of the simulated skin body 2 is a cavity, and is provided with a simulated bladder body 5, a simulated uterine body 6, a simulated cervical body 7, a simulated vaginal body 8, and a simulated rectal body 9. The interior of the simulated bladder body 5 is a cavity, and a bladder injection hole is provided on the top wall. The first sealing plug 10 cooperates with the bladder injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated bladder body 5. The lower end of the simulated bladder body 5 is fixed in the columnar bladder base mounting tube 17 at the bottom of the simulated skin body 2 through a columnar bladder base 11. The bladder base 11 is consistent with the direction of the adult urethra. The simulated urethra 18 is arranged in the bladder base 11. The upper end of the simulated urethra 18 is connected to the cavity of the simulated bladder body 5, and the lower end is opened to the simulated external genitalia body 1. The middle section of the simulated urethra 18 is provided with a Y-shaped anti-reflux valve 22. The simulated uterus body 6 is hollow inside, and a uterus body injection hole is arranged on the top wall. The second sealing plug 12 cooperates with the uterus body injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated uterus body 6. The simulated uterus body 6 is also provided with an simulated amniotic membrane sac 13, which is a sac-like structure. The simulated cervical body 7 includes a cervical body mounting base 71 and a cervical body main body 72. The cervical body mounting base 71 is located below the simulated uterine body 6. The caliber of the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71 is smaller than the inner diameter of the simulated uterine body 6. The cervical body mounting base 71 is made of elastic material. There are two types of cervical body main bodies 72, including a preventive cervical cerclage cervical body main body 721 and an emergency cervical cerclage cervical body main body 722. The preventive cervical cerclage cervical body main body 721 imitates the cervix of a normal adult female, and the cervix is ​​closed. The emergency cervical cerclage cervical body main body 722 is provided with a through hole in the center, and the through hole diameter is 2.5-3.5 cm. The simulated vaginal body 8 is located below the cervical body mounting base 71 and opens to the simulated external genitalia body 1. The simulated rectal body 9 is hollow inside, and a rectal injection hole is provided on the top wall. The third sealing plug 14 cooperates with the rectal injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated rectal body 9. The lower end of the simulated rectum body 9 is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube 19 at the bottom of the simulated skin body 2 through a columnar rectum base 15. A transverse partition is provided in the middle section of the rectum base mounting tube 19, so that a simulated anus body 23 is formed outside the simulated skin body 2. The rectum base 15 is consistent with the direction of an adult rectum.

[0044] See also Figure 3 , Figure 3The amniotic membrane sac 13 is a sac-shaped structure, provided with a fixing portion 131 and a sac body 132. The amniotic membrane sac 13 is made of silicone and has elasticity. The caliber of the fixing portion 131 is smaller than that of the sac body 132, and the thickness of the fixing portion 131 is greater than that of the sac body 132.

[0045] See also Figure 4 , Figure 4 yes Figure 2 A partial enlarged view of A in the figure. The simulated uterus body 6 is assembled by plug-in, and the simulated uterus body 6 includes a simulated uterus body first component 61 located at the top and a simulated uterus body second component 62 located at the bottom. The uterus body injection hole is located on the simulated uterus body first component 61. The lower edge of the simulated uterus body first component 61 is a convex block 611, and the upper edge of the simulated uterus body second component 62 is a groove 621. In the assembled state, the fixing portion 131 of the simulated amniotic sac 13 is folded outward, wrapped around the wall of the groove 621 near the inside of the uterus, and the convex block 611 of the simulated uterus body first component 61 is embedded in the groove 621 of the simulated uterus body second component 62.

[0046] The simulated skin body 2 and the sealing cover 3 are both made of hard materials, such as hard plastic. The simulated bladder body 5, simulated uterus body 6, simulated cervix body 7, simulated vagina body 8 and simulated rectum body 9 are made of soft materials, such as rubber and silicone. Among them, the simulated vagina body 8 is made of highly elastic silicone, and the simulated bladder body 5 and simulated rectum body 9 are made of highly elastic silicone. The simulated bladder body 5 contains fluid, preferably liquid substances, such as water; the simulated rectum body 9 contains fluid or solid particles, preferably a solid-liquid mixture; the simulated uterus body 6 contains fluid.

[0047] See also Figure 5 , Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention in the assembled state of the cervical body mounting base and the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body. The outer diameter of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 is larger than the caliber in the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71, and the two are assembled in a chimeric manner, and the cervical body mounting base 71 is stretched open by the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721.

[0048] See also Figure 6 , Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a longitudinal section (i.e., sagittal plane) of a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions of the present invention, in which a cervical body mounting base and an emergency cerclage cervical body are assembled. The outer diameter of the emergency cerclage cervical body 722 is larger than the diameter in the middle of the cervical body mounting base 71, and the two are assembled in a chimeric manner, and the cervical body mounting base 71 is stretched open by the emergency cerclage cervical body 722.

[0049] See also Figure 7 , Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body. Four simulated blood vessels 16 filled with red liquid are respectively embedded at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body 722, and the inside of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body 722 are both provided with simulated blood vessel installation cavities 20, and the simulated blood vessel installation cavities 20 are opened at the upper ends of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body 722, the simulated blood vessels 16 are long soft capsule structures, and the inside is red liquid simulating blood, the simulated blood vessels 16 are installed in the simulated blood vessel installation cavity 20, and the opening of the simulated blood vessel installation cavity 20 is sealed by the fourth sealing plug 21.

[0050] It should be noted that, in this article, the “upper”, “lower”, “top surface” and “bottom surface” are all directions based on the viewing angle of the drawings.

[0051] The present invention aims at the gap in the prior art and provides a cervical cerclage simulation teaching model that simulates different clinical conditions. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model has a cervical body 72 designed as a detachable movable component, including a preventive cervical cerclage cervical body 721 and an emergency cervical cerclage cervical body 722, and an elastic simulated amniotic membrane sac body that is easy to assemble and disassemble is provided inside the simulated uterus body to cooperate with the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body to simulate emergency cervical cerclage. When conducting different surgical training for preventive cervical cerclage and emergency cerclage, different components with different cervical morphologies can be selected and whether to use the simulated amniotic membrane sac body can be selected, so as to provide more detailed training for different surgical techniques under different clinical conditions. At the same time, for operations that require cutting, the local model can be replaced at will after the local material is lost. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with an imitation bladder body 5 and an imitation rectum body 9, simulating the actual female anatomy. In the teaching of Shirodkar cerclage surgery, it is convenient for students to perform the surgical steps of pushing up the bladder and rectum during simulation training, making the surgical operation during simulation more detailed and closer to clinical practice, and the training effect of students is better. The imitation bladder body 5 and the imitation rectum body 9 are both filled with contents and are easy to be pushed open, which simulates the actual bladder and rectum very realistically, and conducts professional training on the strength of pushing up the bladder and rectum. The middle section of the imitation urethra 18 is provided with a Y-shaped anti-reflux valve 22, so under normal circumstances, the contents will not flow out of the imitation urethra 18, and the imitation urethra 18 is not closed, which does not affect the use of a metal catheter to explore the bladder position before the simulation surgery. Simulated blood vessels 16 filled with red liquid are buried at 3 and 9 points of the simulated cervical body 7. During the simulated cervical cerclage operation, if the suture position is improper and the simulated blood vessels 16 are pierced, abnormal bleeding will increase. The highly realistic simulation of clinical conditions can better strengthen the trainees' memory of key points of the operation. The simulated bladder body 5, the simulated rectum body 9, and the simulated blood vessels 16 are all designed to be replaceable, which is convenient for local replacement after damage due to improper operation. Moreover, they are all inserted and tightly matched with the bladder base mounting tube 17 and the rectum base mounting tube 19 at the bottom of the simulated skin body 2, and the fixing method is simple. The simulated uterus body 6 is designed as an upper and lower structure, and the simulated amniotic membrane sac body 13 is designed as a structure with a smaller upper port diameter and greater elasticity, which can realize the fixation and replacement of the simulated amniotic membrane sac body 13 after damage, and the operation is simple. The middle diameter of the cervical body mounting base 71 is smaller than the outer diameter of the cervical body main body 72, so it can be fixed by interlocking, which is easy to operate. The cervical body mounting base 71 preferably uses soft and elastic silicone. After being interlocked with the cervical body main body 72, the cervical body mounting base 71 is squeezed and expanded, and together with the cervical body main body 72, it forms an imitation cervical body 7, which is close to the elasticity of an actual adult cervix. The feel during suturing is similar to that of actual tissue, with high realism and better effect of practical training.The simulated vagina body 8 uses a highly elastic material to simulate the expansibility of a clinical female vagina, so that the cervix can be fully exposed during vaginal examination, providing trainees with a good surgical field of view.

[0052] Cervical cerclage is mainly divided into preventive cervical cerclage and emergency cerclage according to the timing of surgery. The main procedures include McDonald and Shirodkar procedures. The former does not require free bladder during surgery, and purse-string suture cerclage is performed at the cervicovaginal junction; the latter requires free bladder cervical space and recto-vaginal space during surgery, and subcutaneous suture is performed near the internal cervical os. The cerclage position is higher than that of the McDonald procedure.

[0053] The steps of using the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention to perform preventive cervical cerclage McDonald style training are as follows: using a model that is not injected with simulated urine and feces, using a vaginal dilator to expand the simulated vaginal body 8 so that the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body main body 721 is embedded in the cervical body mounting base 71, removing the vaginal dilator, and then starting the formal operation; using the vaginal dilator to expand the simulated vaginal body 8 to fully expose the simulated cervical body 7, using a cervical clamp to gently clamp and pull the cervix downward at 3, 6, 9 and 12 o'clock, near the level of the internal opening of the simulated cervical body 7, inserting the needle from the 1-2 o'clock direction of the simulated cervical body 7, removing the needle from the 10-11 o'clock direction, and then inserting the needle, then removing the needle from the 7-8 o'clock direction, and then inserting the needle, then removing the needle from the 4-5 o'clock direction, and then inserting the needle, and finally removing the needle from the 1-2 o'clock direction, and tying a knot here; checking whether there is red liquid flowing out, if so, it means improper operation, if not, it means correct operation.

[0054] The steps of using the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention to perform emergency cervical cerclage Shirodkar procedure training are as follows: using a model injected with simulated urine and feces, using a vaginal dilator to expand the simulated vaginal body 8 so that the emergency cervical cerclage body 722 is embedded in the cervical body mounting base 71, and removing the vaginal dilator; opening the sealing cover 3, filling the simulated uterine body 6 with contents, at which time the simulated amniotic membrane sac 13 is fully expanded and the lower end protrudes toward the through hole of the emergency cervical cerclage body 722, fixing the sealing cover 3, and then starting the formal operation; using the vaginal dilator to expand the simulated vaginal body 8, fully Expose the simulated cervical body 7, push up the simulated amniotic sac body 13, clamp the anterior and posterior lips of the cervix and pull them outward, incise the anterior lip mucosa of the cervix horizontally, push up the simulated bladder body 5, incise the posterior lip mucosa of the cervix, push up the simulated rectal body 9, incise the mucosa near the horizontal os of the cervix, insert the needle from front to back, then remove the needle from back to front to tie a knot, suture the mucosa continuously and bury the knot; check whether there is red liquid flowing out, if so, it means that the operation is improper and the blood vessels are injured, if not, it means that the operation is correct, and at the same time check whether there is any content flowing out of the simulated bladder body 5, the simulated uterine body 6 and the simulated rectal body 9; finally, insert a gauze strip soaked in iodine into the simulated vaginal body 8.

[0055] The method of using the cervical cerclage simulation teaching model of the present invention to perform emergency cerclage McDonald procedure training and preventive cervical cerclage Shirodkar procedure training is basically the same as above.

[0056] The above is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be pointed out that ordinary technicians in this technical field can make several improvements and supplements without departing from the method of the present invention. These improvements and supplements should also be regarded as the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A cervical cerclage simulation teaching model simulating different clinical conditions, characterized in that: A simulated skin body is provided, wherein a simulated bladder body, a simulated uterus body, a simulated cervix body, a simulated vagina body and a simulated rectum body are provided inside the simulated skin body; the simulated cervix body comprises a cervix body mounting base and a cervix body body, wherein the cervix body mounting base is made of elastic material and is located below the simulated uterus body; the cervix body body comprises a preventive cervical cerclage cervix body body that simulates the normal cervix of an adult female and an emergency cervical cerclage cervix body body that is provided with a through hole with a diameter of 2.5-3.5 cm; the simulated vagina body is located below the cervix body mounting base and opens to the simulated external genitalia body; the interior of the simulated uterus body is a cavity, and a uterus body injection hole is provided on the top wall, The second sealing plug cooperates with the uterine body injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated uterine body; the simulated uterine body is assembled in a plug-in manner, including a simulated uterine body first component located at the top and with a protrusion on the lower edge, and a simulated uterine body second component located at the bottom and with a groove on the upper edge; the simulated uterine body is provided with an simulated amniotic membrane sac body inside, and the simulated amniotic membrane sac body is an elastic sac-like structure, provided with a fixing part and a sac body, the caliber of the fixing part is smaller than the caliber of the sac body, in the assembled state, the fixing part is folded outwards, wrapped around the wall of the groove near the inside of the uterus, and the protrusion is embedded in the groove; when the simulated uterus is filled with contents, The simulated amniotic membrane sac is fully expanded and the lower end protrudes toward the through hole of the emergency cervical cerclage body; the simulated bladder body is provided with a simulated urethra opening to the simulated external genitalia body, and the simulated urethra is provided with an anti-reflux valve; the simulated bladder body and the simulated rectum body are both filled with fluid or solid particles, the outer diameters of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body are both larger than the caliber in the middle of the cervical body mounting base, and are assembled in a mosaic manner, the interior of the simulated bladder body is a cavity, and a bladder injection hole is provided on the top wall, the first sealing plug cooperates with the bladder injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated bladder body, and the lower end of the simulated bladder body is passed through a columnar bladder The bladder base is fixed at the bottom of the simulated skin body, and the direction of the bladder base is consistent with that of an adult urethra; the interior of the simulated rectum body is a cavity, and a rectal injection hole is provided on the top wall; the third sealing plug cooperates with the rectal injection hole to seal the cavity of the simulated rectum body; the lower end of the simulated rectum body is fixed to the bottom of the simulated skin body through a columnar rectum base, and the rectum base is consistent with the direction of an adult rectum; the simulated bladder body is a detachable structure, and the bladder base is fixed in a columnar bladder base mounting tube at the bottom of the simulated skin body; the simulated rectum body is a detachable structure, and the rectum base is fixed in a columnar rectum base mounting tube at the bottom of the simulated skin body.

2. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The imitation vagina body is made of high-elasticity silicone.

3. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model is provided with a sealing cover, and the artificial skin body and the sealing cover are fastened by screws.

4. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: The simulated skin body and the sealing cover are both made of hard materials; the simulated bladder body, simulated uterus body, simulated cervix body, simulated vagina body and simulated rectum body are made of soft materials.

5. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 1, characterized in that: Simulated blood vessels filled with red liquid are embedded at the 3 o'clock and 9 o'clock positions of the preventive cervical cerclage cervical body and the emergency cervical cerclage cervical body.

6. The cervical cerclage simulation teaching model according to claim 5, characterized in that: The simulated blood vessel is detachable.

7. A method for teaching cervical cerclage, characterized in that: A cervical cerclage simulation teaching model as described in any one of claims 1 to 6 is used.

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