A mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing

Abstract

The present invention discloses a mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing, which includes a steel cylinder, a front bearing assembly, a rear bearing assembly, and a bearing spacer ring assembly arranged in the steel cylinder, a hollow rotor passing through the center of the bearing spacer ring assembly, a tool handle mounted on the front end of the rotor, a back cover arranged at the rear end of the steel cylinder, a cylinder fixed to the rear end of the back cover, a cylinder cover fixed to the rear end of the cylinder, a hollow piston arranged in the cylinder, the rear end of the rotor passing through the piston, a hollow pull rod passing through the rotor, a disc spring assembly sleeved on the pull rod, the pull rod is controlled to perform tool loosening and tool clamping actions by controlling the piston to slide back and forth, a water channel joint connected to the rear end of the pull rod, a central air channel interface arranged on the cylinder cover, lateral air channels connected in sequence are opened on the side walls of the piston and the rotor, and a first side hole is opened on the side wall of the pull rod. The present invention enables the central channel of the spindle to complete both central air blowing and central water cooling, thereby achieving airflow cleaning and internal cooling.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a spindle, in particular to a mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing. Background Art

[0002] A mechanical spindle is a power unit used for precision machining, typically found in precision machine tools and other equipment. During operation, the spindle typically uses a central airflow system. This central airflow cleans the spindle during tool loosening and tool changing, preventing dust and debris from entering the spindle. However, when the spindle clamps the tool, the central air circuit closes and becomes idle. Heat builds up inside the spindle, particularly at the front end near the toolholder. Without proper cooling, the spindle cannot operate for extended periods and cannot meet the requirements of high-load, high-speed machining. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a mechanical spindle with a clever structural design so that the central channel of the spindle can not only complete central blowing but also perform central water cooling, thereby achieving multiple functions such as air flow cleaning and internal cooling.

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions.

[0005] A mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing, which includes a steel cylinder, wherein a front bearing assembly, a rear bearing assembly and a bearing spacer ring assembly are arranged in the steel cylinder, the front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the bearing spacer ring assembly, a hollow rotor is passed through the center of the bearing spacer ring assembly, the front and rear ends of the rotor pass through the front bearing assembly and the rear bearing assembly respectively, a tool handle is installed at the front end of the rotor, a back cover is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder, an oil cylinder is fixed at the rear end of the back cover, an oil cylinder cover is fixed at the rear end of the oil cylinder, a hollow piston is provided in the oil cylinder, the rear end of the rotor passes through the piston, a hollow pull rod is passed through the rotor, the piston is used to apply a forward sliding thrust to the pull rod, a disc spring assembly is sleeved on the pull rod, the The disc spring assembly is used to drive the pull rod to slide backward, and the pull rod performs the knife loosening and clamping actions by controlling the piston to slide forward and backward. The rear end of the pull rod is connected to a water circuit joint, and the cylinder head is provided with a central air circuit interface. The side walls of the piston and the rotor are provided with lateral air circuits that are connected in sequence. The side wall of the pull rod is provided with a first side hole. When the pull rod slides backward and performs the knife clamping action, cooling water is injected into the central pipeline of the pull rod through the water circuit joint. When the pull rod slides forward and performs the knife loosening action, the water circuit joint stops injecting cooling water, and the central air circuit interface, the lateral air circuit, the first side hole and the central pipeline of the pull rod are connected in sequence. The airflow injected by the central air circuit interface is blown out through the central pipeline of the pull rod and the knife handle.

[0006] Preferably, a strip-shaped slot is opened on the side of the rotor, and the strip-shaped slot extends along the length direction of the rotor. A stopper is fixed on the side of the pull rod, and the stopper passes through the strip-shaped slot and the two are slidably connected. An inner step portion is formed on the inner wall of the piston, and the inner step portion is located on the rear side of the stopper. When the piston slides forward, the inner step portion applies thrust to the stopper, thereby driving the pull rod to slide forward.

[0007] Preferably, the side wall of the pull rod is provided with a plurality of second side holes, and the side wall of the rotor is provided with a plurality of inverted L-shaped channels, and the inverted L-shaped channels correspond one-to-one to the second side holes. An annular flange is formed on the side of the tool handle, and the rear end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel faces the side of the pull rod, and the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel faces the annular flange. When the pull rod slides backward and performs a knife clamping action, the annular flange covers the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel. When the pull rod slides forward and performs a knife loosening action, the second side holes and the inverted L-shaped channels are connected in sequence, and the airflow in the center pipeline of the pull rod is blown out through the second side holes and the inverted L-shaped channel.

[0008] Preferably, the plurality of inverted L-shaped channels are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotor.

[0009] Preferably, a transition ring is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder, and the back cover is fixed to the rear end of the transition ring.

[0010] Preferably, a fastening nut and a limiting nut are fixed on the rotor, the fastening nut is located on the front side of the transition ring and a gap is provided between the two, the limiting nut is located between the transition ring and the piston, and gaps are provided between the limiting nut and the transition ring and between the limiting nut and the piston respectively.

[0011] Preferably, a plurality of spring mounting holes are provided on the transition ring, bolts are passed through the spring mounting holes, an annular inner edge is formed in the spring mounting hole, the bolt passes through the annular inner edge and the two are slidably connected, the front end of the bolt is fixedly connected to the steel cylinder, a spring is sleeved on the bolt, and the spring clamp is arranged between the annular inner edge and the end cap of the bolt, and the transition ring floats back and forth due to the elastic force exerted by the spring.

[0012] Preferably, a bearing pressure plate is provided in the steel cylinder, and the bearing pressure plate is abutted against the front end of the front bearing assembly, a dust ring is fixed at the front end of the steel cylinder, and the dust ring abuts against the front end of the bearing pressure plate, an air ring is fixed on the inner side of the dust ring, a waterproof cover is provided on the rotor and the two are fixedly connected, the rotor passes through the air ring and a gap is provided between the two, the waterproof cover is located in the front side of the air ring and a gap is provided between the two, an annular shoulder is formed on the outer wall of the steel cylinder, an air sealing interface is provided on the annular shoulder, an air sealing channel is opened in the side wall of the steel cylinder, the air sealing channel passes through the dust ring and the air ring, the air flow injected from the air sealing interface is blown out through the air sealing channel, the gap between the rotor and the air ring, and the gap between the waterproof cover and the air ring, thereby forming an air seal between the waterproof cover and the air ring.

[0013] Preferably, a front end coolant inlet and a front end coolant outlet are provided on the annular shoulder, a front end cooling channel is provided on the outer side wall of the steel cylinder, the front end cooling channel is located on the outside of the rotor assembly, and the front end cooling channel is connected between the front end coolant inlet and the front end coolant outlet, and a water cooling jacket is provided on the outer side of the steel cylinder, and the water cooling jacket covers the front end cooling channel.

[0014] Preferably, an annular liquid spray inlet is provided on the annular shoulder, an annular liquid spray channel is provided in the steel cylinder, a plurality of universal nozzles are embedded in the dust ring, and the annular liquid spray channel is connected between the annular liquid spray inlet and the universal nozzles.

[0015] In the mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing disclosed by the present invention, a waterway joint is provided at the rear end of the pull rod, and a central airway interface is provided on the cylinder cover. When performing the tool loosening action, the airflow injected by the central airway interface passes through the lateral airway, the first side hole, the central pipeline of the pull rod and the tool handle in sequence and blows outward, thereby playing a cleaning role at the front end of the spindle. When the spindle performs the tool clamping action, cooling water is injected into the central pipeline of the pull rod through the waterway joint, and the central cooling water is used to cool the spindle internally. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention, through a clever structural design, enables the central channel of the spindle to complete both central air blowing and central water cooling. On the basis of achieving airflow cleaning, it can also achieve internal cooling, which better meets user needs and market demands. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 1 ;

[0017] Figure 2 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 2 ;

[0018] Figure 3 is the structural diagram of the rotor;

[0019] Figure 4 is a cross-sectional view of the rotor;

[0020] Figure 5 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 3 ;

[0021] Figure 6 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 4 ;

[0022] Figure 7 It is the structural diagram of the transition ring;

[0023] Figure 8 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 5 ;

[0024] Figure 9 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 6 ;

[0025] Figure 10 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 7 ;

[0026] Figure 11 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 8 ;

[0027] Figure 12It is a three-dimensional diagram of a steel cylinder;

[0028] Figure 13 A partial cross-sectional view of the mechanical spindle of the present invention Figure 9 ;

[0029] Figure 14 This is a rear end structural diagram of the mechanical spindle of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 15 This is the structural diagram of the induction loop. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] The present invention will be described in more detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments.

[0032] The present invention discloses a mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing, combined with Figures 1 to 15 As shown, it includes a steel cylinder 1, in which a front bearing assembly 2, a rear bearing assembly 3 and a bearing spacer ring assembly 4 are arranged. The front bearing assembly 2 and the rear bearing assembly 3 are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the bearing spacer ring assembly 4. A hollow rotor 5 is passed through the center of the bearing spacer ring assembly 4. The front and rear ends of the rotor 5 pass through the front bearing assembly 2 and the rear bearing assembly 3 respectively. A knife handle 6 is installed at the front end of the rotor 5. A back cover 7 is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder 1. A cylinder 8 is fixed to the rear end of the back cover 7. A cylinder cover 9 is fixed to the rear end of the cylinder 8. A hollow piston 10 is provided in the cylinder 8. The rear end of the rotor 5 passes through the piston 10. A hollow pull rod 11 is passed through the rotor 5. The piston 10 is used to apply a forward sliding thrust to the pull rod 11. A disc spring assembly 12 is sleeved on the pull rod 11. The disc spring assembly 12 is used to drive the pull rod 11 slides backward, and the pull rod 11 performs the knife loosening and clamping actions by controlling the piston 10 to slide forward and backward. The rear end of the pull rod 11 is connected to a water circuit joint 13, and a central air circuit interface 90 is provided on the cylinder cover 9. The side walls of the piston 10 and the rotor 5 are provided with lateral air circuits 100 that are connected in sequence. The side walls of the pull rod 11 are provided with a first side hole 110. When the pull rod 11 slides backward and performs the knife clamping action, cooling water is injected into the central pipeline of the pull rod 11 through the water circuit joint 13. When the pull rod 11 slides forward and performs the knife loosening action, the water circuit joint 13 stops injecting cooling water, and the central air circuit interface 90, the lateral air circuit 100, the first side hole 110 and the central pipeline of the pull rod 11 are connected in sequence. The airflow injected from the central air circuit interface 90 is blown out through the central pipeline of the pull rod 11 and the tool handle 6.

[0033] In the above structure, a water channel connector 13 is provided at the rear end of the pull rod 11, and a central air channel interface 90 is provided on the cylinder cover 9. When performing the tool loosening action, the airflow injected from the central air channel interface 90 passes through the lateral air channel 100, the first side hole 110, the central pipeline of the pull rod 11, and the tool handle 6 in sequence and blows outward, thereby playing a cleaning role at the front end of the spindle. When the spindle performs the tool clamping action, cooling water is injected into the central pipeline of the pull rod 11 through the water channel connector 13, and the central cooling water is used to cool the spindle internally. Compared with the existing technology, the present invention, through a clever structural design, enables the central channel of the spindle to complete both central air blowing and central water cooling. On the basis of achieving airflow cleaning, it can also achieve internal cooling, which better meets user needs and market demands.

[0034] In order to improve the cooling effect, a water outlet hole for discharging cooling water can be provided on the side of the shank 6.

[0035] In order to drive the pull rod 11 to slide forward when loosening the knife, in this embodiment, a strip slot 50 is opened on the side of the rotor 5, and the strip slot 50 extends along the length direction of the rotor 5. A stopper 51 is fixed to the side of the pull rod 11, and the stopper 51 passes through the strip slot 50 and the two are slidably connected. An inner step portion 52 is formed on the inner wall of the piston 10, and the inner step portion 52 is located on the rear side of the stopper 51. When the piston 10 slides forward, the inner step portion 52 applies a thrust to the stopper 51, thereby driving the pull rod 11 to slide forward.

[0036] As a preferred embodiment, the side wall of the pull rod 11 is provided with a plurality of second side holes 111, and the side wall of the rotor 5 is provided with a plurality of inverted L-shaped channels 53, and the inverted L-shaped channels 53 correspond one-to-one to the second side holes 111. An annular flange 60 is formed on the side of the tool handle 6, and the rear end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel 53 faces the side of the pull rod 11, and the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel 53 faces the annular flange 60. When the pull rod 11 slides backward and performs the knife clamping action, the annular flange 60 covers the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel 53. When the pull rod 11 slides forward and performs the knife loosening action, the second side holes 111 and the inverted L-shaped channels 53 are connected in sequence, and the airflow in the central pipeline of the pull rod 11 is blown out through the second side holes 111 and the inverted L-shaped channel 53.

[0037] Furthermore, a plurality of inverted L-shaped channels 53 are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotor 5 .

[0038] In the above structure, the airflow blown out by the multiple inverted L-shaped channels 53 can form an annular air seal at the front end of the main shaft, thereby playing a cleaning role when changing or loosening the tool.

[0039] In this embodiment, a transition ring 14 is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder 1 , and the back cover 7 is fixed to the rear end of the transition ring 14 .

[0040] Furthermore, a fastening nut 15 and a limiting nut 16 are fixed on the rotor 5. The fastening nut 15 is located on the front side of the transition ring 14 and a gap is provided between the two. The limiting nut 16 is located between the transition ring 14 and the piston 10, and gaps are provided between the limiting nut 16 and the transition ring 14 and between the limiting nut 16 and the piston 10, respectively.

[0041] On this basis, a plurality of spring mounting holes 140 are opened on the transition ring 14, and bolts 141 are passed through the spring mounting holes 140. An annular inner edge 142 is formed in the spring mounting hole 140. The bolts 141 pass through the annular inner edge 142 and the two are slidably connected. The front end of the bolt 141 is fixedly connected to the steel cylinder 1, and a spring 143 is sleeved on the bolt 141. The spring 143 is clamped between the annular inner edge 142 and the end cap of the bolt 141. The transition ring 14 floats back and forth due to the elastic force exerted by the spring 143.

[0042] The above structure can apply thrust to the rotor 5 during the forward movement of the piston 10. Under the cooperation of the transition ring 14, the spring 143, the fastening nut 15 and the limit nut 16, not only can the stroke of the rotor 5 be limited, but the gap between the three can also be utilized to put the rotor 5 in a floating state. Especially in the tool clamping process, it can effectively avoid the rotor 5 from being clamped during the tool release process, thereby realizing floating tool clamping to ensure that the accuracy and service life of the spindle are not affected.

[0043] On this basis, the present invention also provides an air seal structure at the front end of the main shaft, specifically, a bearing pressure plate 17 is provided in the steel cylinder 1, and the bearing pressure plate 17 is against the front end of the front bearing assembly 2, and a dust ring 18 is fixed to the front end of the steel cylinder 1, and the dust ring 18 is against the front end of the bearing pressure plate 17, and an air ring 19 is fixed to the inner side of the dust ring 18, and a waterproof cover 20 is provided on the rotor 5 and the two are fixedly connected, and the rotor 5 passes through the air ring 19 and a gap is provided between the two, and the waterproof cover 20 is located on the air ring 19 The front side of the steel cylinder 1 and there is a gap between the two. The outer wall of the steel cylinder 1 is formed with an annular shoulder 21, and an air sealing interface 22 is provided on the annular shoulder 21. An air sealing channel 23 is opened in the side wall of the steel cylinder 1. The air sealing channel 23 runs through the dust ring 18 and the air ring 19. The air flow injected by the air sealing interface 22 is blown out through the air sealing channel 23, the gap between the rotor 5 and the air ring 19, and the gap between the waterproof cover 20 and the air ring 19, thereby forming an air seal between the waterproof cover 20 and the air ring 19.

[0044] During the operation of the main shaft, the heat generated at its front end is relatively large. In order to effectively cool the front end of the main shaft, this embodiment preferably adopts a water cooling method. Specifically, a front end coolant inlet 24 and a front end coolant outlet 25 are provided on the annular shoulder 21, and a front end cooling channel 26 is provided on the outer wall of the steel cylinder 1. The front end cooling channel 26 is located on the outside of the rotor assembly 2, and the front end cooling channel 26 is connected between the front end coolant inlet 24 and the front end coolant outlet 25. A water cooling jacket 27 is provided on the outer side of the steel cylinder 1, and the water cooling jacket 27 covers the front end cooling channel 26.

[0045] The present invention also adopts a ring spraying method to spray water to clean the processing area. Specifically, a ring spray inlet 28 is provided on the annular shoulder 21, a ring spray channel 29 is provided in the steel cylinder 1, and multiple universal nozzles 30 are embedded in the dust ring 18. The annular spray channel 29 is connected between the annular spray inlet 28 and the universal nozzle 30.

[0046] To accurately and reliably detect the spindle's operating state, in this embodiment, the pull rod 11 is fitted with an induction ring 112, which is fixedly connected to the pull rod 11. Three induction switches 113 are fixed to the rear end of the cylinder head 9. The sensing ends of the three induction switches 113 all face the induction ring 112, and the three induction switches 113 are arranged sequentially along the front-to-back direction. A sensing flange 114 is formed on the outer side of the induction ring 112. When the pull rod 11 is clamping or releasing the tool, or when there is no tool in the tool handle 6, the three induction switches 113 align with the induction flange 114. The spindle control system determines whether the pull rod 11 is clamping or releasing the tool, and whether a tool is installed in the tool handle 6, based on the electrical signals fed back by the three induction switches 113, thereby achieving closed-loop control.

[0047] As a preferred embodiment, the induction ring 112 is fixedly connected to the pull rod 11 by a screw 115 , and a side wall of the rotor 5 is provided with an air avoidance slot 55 for the screw 115 to pass through, and the screw 115 can move back and forth in the air avoidance slot 55 .

[0048] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention and is not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements or improvements made within the technical scope of the present invention should be included in the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing, characterized in that: The invention comprises a steel cylinder (1), wherein a front bearing assembly (2), a rear bearing assembly (3) and a bearing spacer ring assembly (4) are arranged in the steel cylinder (1), wherein the front bearing assembly (2) and the rear bearing assembly (3) are respectively arranged at the front and rear ends of the bearing spacer ring assembly (4), wherein a hollow rotor (5) is passed through the center of the bearing spacer ring assembly (4), wherein the front and rear ends of the rotor (5) pass through the front bearing assembly (2) and the rear bearing assembly (3) respectively, wherein a knife handle (6) is installed at the front end of the rotor (5), wherein a back cover (7) is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder (1), wherein an oil cylinder (8) is fixed at the rear end of the back cover (7), wherein an oil cylinder cover (9) is fixed at the rear end of the oil cylinder (8), wherein the oil cylinder (8) is provided with a A hollow piston (10), the rear end of the rotor (5) passes through the piston (10), a hollow pull rod (11) is provided in the rotor (5), the piston (10) is used to apply a forward sliding thrust to the pull rod (11), a disc spring assembly (12) is provided on the pull rod (11), the disc spring assembly (12) is used to drive the pull rod (11) to slide backward, and the pull rod (11) is controlled to perform the knife loosening and clamping actions by controlling the piston (10) to slide forward and backward, the rear end of the pull rod (11) is connected to a waterway connector (13), the cylinder cover (9) is provided with a central airway interface (90), the side walls of the piston (10) and the rotor (5) are provided with a plurality of connecting holes (13) and a plurality of connecting holes (13) in sequence. The lateral air path (100) of the pull rod (11) is provided with a first side hole (110) on the side wall. When the pull rod (11) slides backward and performs a knife clamping action, cooling water is injected into the central pipeline of the pull rod (11) through the water path joint (13). When the pull rod (11) slides forward and performs a knife loosening action, the water path joint (13) stops injecting cooling water, and the central air path interface (90), the lateral air path (100), the first side hole (110) and the central pipeline of the pull rod (11) are connected in sequence. The air flow injected from the central air path interface (90) is blown out through the central pipeline of the pull rod (11) and the knife handle (6); the rotor ( 5) is provided with a strip-shaped slot (50) on the side, and the strip-shaped slot (50) extends along the length direction of the rotor (5); a stopper (51) is fixed to the side of the pull rod (11), and the stopper (51) passes through the strip-shaped slot (50) and the two are slidably connected; an inner step portion (52) is formed on the inner wall of the piston (10), and the inner step portion (52) is located at the rear side of the stopper (51); when the piston (10) slides forward, the inner step portion (52) applies a thrust to the stopper (51), thereby driving the pull rod (11) to slide forward; a transition ring (14) is provided at the rear end of the steel cylinder (1), and the back cover (7) is fixed to the rear end of the transition ring (14);A fastening nut (15) and a limiting nut (16) are fixed on the rotor (5); the fastening nut (15) is located at the front side of the transition ring (14) and a gap is provided between the two; the limiting nut (16) is located between the transition ring (14) and the piston (10), and gaps are provided between the limiting nut (16) and the transition ring (14) and between the limiting nut (16) and the piston (10); a plurality of spring mounting holes (140) are provided on the transition ring (14); the spring mounting holes (140) ) is provided with a bolt (141), an annular inner edge (142) is formed in the spring mounting hole (140), the bolt (141) passes through the annular inner edge (142) and the two are slidably connected, the front end of the bolt (141) is fixedly connected to the steel cylinder (1), the bolt (141) is sleeved with a spring (143), the spring (143) is clamped between the annular inner edge (142) and the end cap of the bolt (141), and the transition ring (14) is floated forward and backward by the elastic force applied by the spring (143).

2. The mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing according to claim 1, characterized in that: The side wall of the pull rod (11) is provided with a plurality of second side holes (111), the side wall of the rotor (5) is provided with a plurality of inverted L-shaped channels (53), the inverted L-shaped channels (53) correspond one to one with the second side holes (111), the side of the shank (6) is formed with an annular flange (60), the rear end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel (53) faces the side of the pull rod (11), and the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel (53) faces the annular flange (60). The flange (60) covers the front end opening of the inverted L-shaped channel (53) when the pull rod (11) slides backward and performs the knife clamping action. When the pull rod (11) slides forward and performs the knife loosening action, the second side hole (111) and the inverted L-shaped channel (53) are connected in sequence, and the air flow in the central pipeline of the pull rod (11) is blown out through the second side hole (111) and the inverted L-shaped channel (53).

3. The mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing according to claim 2, characterized in that: A plurality of inverted L-shaped channels (53) are evenly distributed along the circumference of the rotor (5).

4. The mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing according to claim 1, characterized in that: A bearing pressure plate (17) is provided in the steel cylinder (1), and the bearing pressure plate (17) is against the front end of the front bearing assembly (2). A dust ring (18) is fixed to the front end of the steel cylinder (1), and the dust ring (18) is against the front end of the bearing pressure plate (17). An air ring (19) is fixed on the inner side of the dust ring (18). A waterproof cover (20) is provided on the rotor (5) and the two are fixedly connected. The rotor (5) passes through the air ring (19) and a gap is provided between the two. The waterproof cover (20) is located in front of the air ring (19) and a gap is provided between the two. An annular shoulder (21) is formed on the outer wall of the steel cylinder (1), and an air seal interface (22) is provided on the annular shoulder (21). An air seal channel (23) is opened in the side wall of the steel cylinder (1), and the air seal channel (23) runs through the dust ring (18) and the air ring (19). The air flow injected from the air seal interface (22) is blown out through the air seal channel (23), the gap between the rotor (5) and the air ring (19), and the gap between the waterproof cover (20) and the air ring (19), thereby forming an air seal between the waterproof cover (20) and the air ring (19).

5. The mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing according to claim 4, characterized in that: A front cooling liquid inlet (24) and a front cooling liquid outlet (25) are provided on the annular shoulder (21), a front cooling channel (26) is provided on the outer wall of the steel cylinder (1), the front cooling channel (26) is located on the outer side of the front bearing assembly (2), and the front cooling channel (26) is connected between the front cooling liquid inlet (24) and the front cooling liquid outlet (25), and a water cooling jacket (27) is provided on the outer side of the steel cylinder (1), and the water cooling jacket (27) covers the front cooling channel (26).

6. The mechanical spindle based on central water cooling and central air blowing according to claim 4, characterized in that: An annular liquid spray inlet (28) is provided on the annular shoulder (21), an annular liquid spray channel (29) is provided in the steel cylinder (1), a plurality of universal nozzles (30) are embedded in the dustproof ring (18), and the annular liquid spray channel (29) is connected between the annular liquid spray inlet (28) and the universal nozzles (30).

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