Concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function and construction method thereof

Abstract

The present invention discloses a concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions and a construction method thereof, comprising a block body, a vegetation growth groove provided in the middle of the block body, a third drainage groove provided around the vegetation growth groove, two T-shaped mortises and two T-shaped tenons provided on the four sides of the block body, at least one T-shaped mortise or tenon provided on each side, a second drainage groove and a first drainage groove provided in the middle of the surface of the T-shaped mortise and tenon connected to the third drainage groove. The construction method comprises: excavating or filling the slope; cleaning the slope surface; laying a sand and gravel cushion layer; laying the concrete slope protection blocks; planting green vegetation; and constructing drainage facilities connecting the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope and the side ditch. The concrete blocks of the present invention have the advantages of good tightness, strong adaptability, allowing the slope foundation to have a certain range of uneven settlement or frost heave deformation without becoming unstable and damaging, less structural material, and being beautiful and economical.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a concrete slope protection block and a construction method thereof, in particular to a concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions and a construction method thereof. Background Art

[0002] During the construction process of an engineering project, due to factors such as the terrain, soil quality, hydrological conditions along the route, and the control of elevation along the route, excavation or filling of the roadbed is inevitable. Especially when encountering high-fill and deep-excavation sections, it is often necessary to take corresponding protective measures to ensure the stability of the slope because the original designed slope is not stable.

[0003] Among the existing concrete slope protection blocks, hollow hexagonal blocks have the advantages of fast construction speed, convenient grass planting and greening in the hollow part in the middle of the hexagonal blocks, and easy control of construction quality. Currently, prefabricated concrete hollow hexagonal blocks are often used as slope protection structures in slope protection such as bridge head cone slopes, roadbed excavation and filling. However, the current hollow hexagonal block slope protection paved on the slope has the disadvantage that the bonding between adjacent slope protection blocks mainly relies on cement mortar. When the slope foundation has uneven settlement or deformation damage such as frost heave, it is very easy to cause the slope protection blocks to become unstable and slide. In addition, the existing concrete slope protection blocks lack consideration of the slope drainage of the blocks themselves in the structural design.

[0004] Therefore, it is necessary to invent a protective structure that can not only solve the slope drainage problem but also increase the slope stability, is easy and fast to construct and is suitable for the growth of green vegetation on the slope. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The present invention aims to provide a concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions and a construction method thereof. The concrete blocks of the present invention have good adhesion, strong adaptability, can tolerate a certain range of uneven settlement or frost heave deformation on the slope foundation without becoming unstable and damaging, require less structural material, and are aesthetically pleasing and economical. Furthermore, they are suitable for mass production, have fast construction speeds, shorten construction periods, and easily ensure block quality.

[0006] The technical solution of the present invention is as follows: a concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions, including a block body, a vegetation growth groove is provided in the middle of the block body, a third drainage groove with a circular, elliptical or diamond-shaped shape is provided around the vegetation growth groove, two T-shaped grooves and two T-shaped tenons are provided on the four sides of the block body, each side is provided with one T-shaped groove or one T-shaped tenon, the T-shaped groove and the T-shaped tenon are matching interlocking structures, and the middle parts of the surfaces of the T-shaped groove and the T-shaped tenon are provided with a second drainage groove and a first drainage groove connected to the third drainage groove in sequence.

[0007] The aforementioned concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions is provided with a grouting groove at the longitudinal end surface of the T-shaped tenon.

[0008] The aforementioned concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function has arc-shaped sunken platforms on the four corners of the block body, and an arc-shaped notch penetrating the bottom of the arc-shaped sunken platform is provided at the axis of the arc-shaped sunken platform.

[0009] The aforementioned concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function has a surface between the outer edge of the block body and the third drainage groove that is high outside and low inside, and a surface between the third drainage groove in the block body and the vegetation growth groove that is high inside and low outside.

[0010] A construction method of the aforementioned concrete slope protection blocks with drainage and greening functions comprises the following steps:

[0011] (1) Excavation or filling of slopes: After excavation or filling of slopes according to design requirements, first determine the boundary range, control points and baseline of slope excavation or filling by using total station and level, and then use steel chisel and white cotton line or lime spreading to carry out on-site layout to determine the number of concrete slope protection blocks required to be laid in the vertical and horizontal directions of each level of slope;

[0012] (2) Slope cleaning: Check whether there is loose soil, loose stones, or unevenness on the excavated or filled slope. If the above phenomena exist, it is necessary to clean it gradually from top to bottom. Fill the pits and grooves, and use manual leveling with small cutting tools as a supplement for the protruding parts. For unstable slopes, replacement and compaction treatment is required. Over-excavation is prohibited during the slope treatment process.

[0013] (3) Laying gravel cushion: After cleaning and compacting the slope surface, evenly lay a 10cm thick gravel cushion along the slope surface;

[0014] (4) Laying concrete slope protection blocks: After the prefabricated concrete slope protection blocks are transported to the construction site, they are gradually spliced ​​from the slope foot to the slope top in the form of the T-shaped tenons and T-shaped grooves in the adjacent concrete slope protection blocks interlocking with each other. During the splicing process, a rubber hammer tool is used to ensure that the concrete slope protection blocks are tightly fitted to the slope surface;

[0015] (5) Planting green vegetation: laying a layer of planting nutrient soil suitable for the growth of green vegetation in the vegetation growth groove on the block body, and planting green vegetation with well-developed root systems, good landscape effects and high survival rates in the planting nutrient soil;

[0016] (6) Construct drainage facilities connecting the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope and the side ditch or drainage ditch: set up a water retaining belt at the bottom of the slope to collect the water flow from the slope surface in the water retaining belt and then discharge it into the nearby side ditch or drainage ditch. Lay a concrete slope protection layer with a strength grade ≥ C20 between the water retaining belt and the bottom row of concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope to facilitate the smooth transition of water flow on the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope to the water retaining belt without eroding the soil at the bottom of the slope.

[0017] In the aforementioned construction method of concrete slope protection blocks with drainage and greening functions, the sand and gravel cushion layer in step (3) is made of well-graded crushed stone, pebbles or gravel, into which is mixed medium sand material with good particle gradation, hard material, no organic matter such as weeds and tree roots, and a mud content of ≤3%; the maximum particle size of the sand and gravel cushion layer material is ≤50mm.

[0018] In the aforementioned construction method of the concrete slope protection blocks with drainage and greening functions, the surface of the gravel cushion layer should be ensured to be flat and dense when the gravel cushion layer is laid in step (3).

[0019] In the aforementioned construction method of concrete slope protection blocks with drainage and greening functions, in step (4), when arc-shaped sunken platforms are respectively provided on the four corners of the block body, and an arc-shaped notch penetrating the bottom of the arc-shaped sunken platform is provided at the axis of the arc-shaped sunken platform, the arc-shaped notches at the connecting corners of the spliced ​​concrete slope protection blocks form a circular socket with a circular step, and a round-head screw-shaped fixing rod is inserted into the circular socket.

[0020] In the aforementioned construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function, in the step (4), a grouting groove is provided at the longitudinal end face of the T-shaped tenon, and cement mortar is poured into the grouting groove, and the top elevation of the cement mortar must be consistent with the top elevation of the grouting groove.

[0021] In the aforementioned construction method of concrete slope protection blocks with drainage and greening functions, a water retaining belt is provided at the concrete slope protection layer at the bottom of the slope in step (6), and the water in the water retaining belt flows into the side ditch or drainage ditch in two ways. One is that the water in the water retaining belt is connected to the side ditch or drainage ditch through a drainage pipe and a two-way drainage pipe joint with a filter at one end; the other is that a water flow outlet is reserved on the water retaining belt, and an open drainage ditch connected to the side ditch or drainage ditch is excavated at the water flow outlet in the water retaining belt to drain the water in the water retaining belt into the side ditch or drainage ditch.

[0022] Beneficial effects of the present invention

[0023] (1) The blocks of the present invention can be prefabricated in factories and can be mass-produced. Compared with cast-in-place concrete slope protection structures, they have the advantages of fast construction speed, short construction period, and easy quality assurance of slope protection blocks;

[0024] (2) The present invention takes into account the drainage function of the block surface itself. By providing drainage grooves on the block body, not only can rainwater on the slope be effectively drained, but also the amount of concrete material used can be saved, which can effectively save engineering costs.

[0025] (3) The use of T-shaped tenons and T-shaped grooves interlocked between adjacent blocks in the present invention helps to form a whole between the concrete slope protection blocks. After the construction is completed, the concrete slope protection blocks have good adaptability to foundation deformation and allow a certain range of uneven settlement or frost heave deformation of the slope foundation. At the same time, the arc-shaped notches in the four adjacent slope protection blocks form a circular socket. By inserting the fixing rod into the circular socket, the slope protection effect of the concrete blocks is further enhanced.

[0026] (4) The present invention provides grouting grooves and pours cement mortar therein, which, on the one hand, facilitates strengthening the overall strength between adjacent blocks, so that each block forms a whole, and on the other hand, facilitates the smooth transition of water flow from the drainage groove on the T-shaped tenon to the drainage groove on the T-shaped tenon of the adjacent block;

[0027] (5) The concrete slope protection blocks of the present invention mostly adopt a symmetrical structure in structural design and are provided with vegetation growth grooves on the blocks. After the green vegetation grows, the slope protection structure constructed by splicing the slope protection blocks has a green and beautiful effect. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0028] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of a T-shaped tenon and a T-shaped tenon groove in a concrete slope protection block body of the present invention when they are arranged adjacent to each other;

[0029] Figure 2 This is a partial plane effect diagram of the concrete slope protection blocks of the present invention after being interlocked and spliced;

[0030] Figure 3 This is a partial plane effect diagram after the concrete slope protection block of the present invention is completed;

[0031] Figure 4 It is a plan view of the T-shaped tenon and the T-shaped tenon groove in the concrete slope protection block body of the present invention when they are arranged relative to each other;

[0032] Figure 5 This is a structural schematic diagram of the water flow direction in various areas on the surface of the concrete slope protection block of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 6 This is a schematic diagram of the cross-sectional structure of the concrete slope protection block of the present invention after construction is completed;

[0034] Figure 7 This is a schematic diagram of drainage of the bottom structure of the concrete slope protection block of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the assembled drain pipe and the two-way drain pipe joint of the present invention.

[0036] In the figure: 1-block body, 2-T-shaped tenon, 201-first drainage groove, 202-grouting groove, 3-third drainage groove, 4-second drainage groove, 5-T-shaped tenon, 6-vegetation growth groove, 7-arc-shaped sunken platform, 701-arc-shaped notch, 8-circular socket, 9-green vegetation, 10-fixing rod, 11-cement mortar, 12-planting nutrient soil, 13-drainage pipe, 14-two-way drainage pipe joint, 15-concrete slope protection layer, 16-water retaining belt, 17-side ditch or drainage ditch, 18-open drainage ditch, 19-sand and gravel cushion layer. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0037] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the examples, but they are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0038] Embodiments of the present invention

[0039] Example: A concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function, as shown in the attached Figure 1-8 As shown, it includes a building block body 1, a vegetation growth groove 6 is provided in the middle of the building block body 1, and a third drainage groove 3 with a circular, elliptical or diamond-shaped shape is provided around the vegetation growth groove 6. There are two T-shaped grooves 5 and two T-shaped tenons 2 on the four sides of the building block body 1, and each side is provided with a T-shaped groove 5 or a T-shaped tenon 2. The T-shaped groove 5 and the T-shaped tenon 2 are matching interlocking structures, and the middle parts of the surfaces of the T-shaped groove 5 and the T-shaped tenon 2 are provided with a second drainage groove 4 and a first drainage groove 201 connected to the third drainage groove 3 in sequence.

[0040] Preferably, a grouting groove 202 is provided at the longitudinal end surface of the T-shaped tenon 2.

[0041] Preferably, arc-shaped sunken platforms 7 are respectively provided on the four corners of the block body 1 , and an arc-shaped notch 701 penetrating the bottom of the arc-shaped sunken platform 7 is provided at the axis of the arc-shaped sunken platform 7 .

[0042] As a preference, the surface between the outer edge of the block body 1 and the third drainage groove 3 is in a high outside and low inside shape, and the surface between the third drainage groove 3 in the block body 1 and the vegetation growth groove 6 is in a high inside and low outside shape (such as Figure 5 As shown, setting the surface between the outer edge of the block body 1 and the third drainage groove 3 to a shape with a high outside and a low inside helps the water in the A, B, C, and D areas of the block body 1 to flow into the third drainage groove, and setting the surface between the third drainage groove 3 in the block body 1 and the vegetation growth groove 6 to a shape with a high inside and a low outside helps the water in the E area of ​​the block body 1 to flow into the third drainage groove).

[0043] The construction method steps are as follows:

[0044] (1) Excavation or filling of slopes: After excavation or filling of slopes according to design requirements, first determine the boundary range, control points and baseline of slope excavation or filling by using total station and level, and then use steel chisel and white cotton line or lime spreading to carry out on-site layout to determine the number of concrete slope protection blocks required to be laid in the vertical and horizontal directions of each level of slope;

[0045] (2) Slope cleaning: Check whether there is loose soil, loose stones, or unevenness on the excavated or filled slope. If the above phenomena exist, it is necessary to clean it gradually from top to bottom. Fill the pits and grooves, and use manual leveling with small cutting tools as a supplement for the protruding parts. For unstable slopes, replacement and compaction treatment is required. Over-excavation is prohibited during the slope treatment process.

[0046] (3) Laying the gravel cushion layer: After cleaning and compacting the slope surface, evenly lay a 10 cm thick gravel cushion layer 19 along the slope surface; the gravel cushion layer 19 is preferably made by mixing well-graded crushed stone, pebbles or gravel with medium sand materials with good particle gradation, hard material, no organic matter such as weeds and tree roots, and mud content ≤3%. The maximum particle size of the gravel material is ≤50 mm. When laying, the surface of the gravel cushion layer 19 should be smooth and dense. Laying the gravel cushion layer 19 helps to provide a flat and solid slope foundation for laying concrete slope protection blocks, ensuring uniform force on the soil behind the slope and the concrete slope protection blocks;

[0047] (4) Laying concrete slope protection blocks: After the prefabricated concrete slope protection blocks are transported to the construction site, they are gradually spliced ​​from the slope foot to the slope top in the form of the T-shaped tenons 2 and T-shaped grooves 5 in the adjacent concrete slope protection blocks interlocking with each other. During the splicing process, a rubber hammer tool is used to ensure that the concrete slope protection blocks are tightly fitted to the slope surface. In the spliced ​​concrete slope protection blocks, a round head screw-shaped fixing rod 10 is inserted into the circular socket 8 with a circular step, and then cement mortar 11 is poured into the grouting groove 202. The top elevation of the cement mortar 11 must be consistent with the top elevation of the grouting groove 202. The diameter of the fixing rod 10 preferably matches the inner diameter of the circular socket 8 with the circular step. The size of the circular cap on the top of the fixing rod 10 preferably matches the circular step. The length of the fixing rod 10 can be prefabricated to match the requirements of different slope protection. The cement mortar preferably has a strength grade of ≥M7.5. The concrete slope protection blocks preferably have a strength grade of ≥C20.

[0048] (5) Planting green vegetation: After the cement mortar 11 in the grouting groove 202 solidifies and hardens and the strength after curing meets the design requirements, a layer of planting nutrient soil 12 suitable for the growth of green vegetation is laid in the vegetation growth groove 6 on the block body 1, and green vegetation 9 with a well-developed root system, good landscape effect and high survival rate is planted in the soil;

[0049] (6) Construct drainage facilities connecting the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope and the side ditch or drainage ditch: The water flow on the slope will flow to the bottom of the slope along the drainage grooves on the concrete slope protection blocks. In order to facilitate the collection of the water flow at the bottom of the slope and uniformly discharge it into the side ditch or drainage ditch 17 near the slope, the present invention preferably uses concrete with a strength grade ≥C20 to build a water retaining belt 16 at the bottom of the slope, or uses cement mortar with a strength grade ≥M7.5 to mortar a row of concrete prefabricated water retaining blocks with a strength grade ≥C20 as the water retaining belt 16, and excavates a drainage ditch 18 connected to the side ditch or drainage ditch 17 or buries a drainage pipe 13 and a two-way drainage pipe joint 14 with a filter at one end. The water flow from the slope is collected in the water retaining belt 16 and then discharged into the nearby side ditch or drainage ditch 17 through the two-way drainage pipe; the specific size of the water retaining belt 16 built by concrete or the water retaining belt 16 built by mortar prefabricated water retaining blocks needs to be designed in combination with the local rainfall conditions; a concrete slope protection layer 15 with a strength grade ≥ C20 is laid between the water retaining belt 16 and the bottom row of concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope, so that the water flow on the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope can be smoothly transferred to the water retaining belt 16 without eroding the soil at the bottom of the slope. In the present invention, the drainage facilities set at the bottom of the slope are also suitable for drainage of graded excavated or filled slope protection platforms.

[0050] The above description is only a preferred specific embodiment of the present invention, but the scope of protection of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any technician familiar with the technical field, within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention, can make equivalent replacements or changes based on the technical solutions and inventive concepts of the present invention, which should be covered by the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening functions, characterized by: The invention comprises a building block body (1), wherein a vegetation growth groove (6) is provided in the middle of the building block body (1), and a third drainage groove (3) having a circular, elliptical or diamond-shaped shape is provided around the vegetation growth groove (6); two T-shaped mortises (5) and two T-shaped tenons (2) are provided on four side surfaces of the building block body (1); one T-shaped mortise (5) or one T-shaped tenon (2) is provided on each side surface; the T-shaped mortise (5) and the T-shaped tenon (2) are matched and interlocked; and a second drainage groove (4) and a first drainage groove (201) communicating with the third drainage groove (3) are provided in sequence in the middle of the surfaces of the T-shaped mortise (5) and the T-shaped tenon (2); A grouting groove (202) is provided at the longitudinal end surface of the T-shaped tenon (2); The four corners of the block body (1) are respectively provided with arc-shaped sinking platforms (7), and the axis of the arc-shaped sinking platform (7) is provided with an arc-shaped notch (701) that passes through the bottom of the arc-shaped sinking platform (7); The surface between the outer edge of the block body (1) and the third drainage groove (3) is in a shape of being higher on the outside and lower on the inside, and the surface between the third drainage groove (3) in the block body (1) and the vegetation growth groove (6) is in a shape of being higher on the inside and lower on the outside.

2. A construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 1, characterized in that: The process includes the following steps: (1) Excavation or filling of slopes: After excavation or filling of slopes according to design requirements, first determine the boundary range, control points and baseline of slope excavation or filling by using a total station and a level, and then use a steel chisel and white cotton thread or lime spreading method to carry out on-site layout to determine the number of concrete slope protection blocks required to be laid in the vertical and horizontal directions of each level of slope; (2) Slope surface cleaning: Check whether there is loose soil, loose stones and unevenness on the excavated or filled slopes. If the above phenomenon exists, it is necessary to adopt a method of gradually cleaning from top to bottom, fill the pit part, and use manual flattening as the main method with small cutting tools as the auxiliary method for flattening the protruding part. For unstable slopes, replacement and compaction treatment is required. Over-excavation is prohibited during the slope treatment process; (3) Laying sand and gravel cushion layer: After cleaning and compacting the slope surface, evenly lay a 10cm thick sand and gravel cushion layer (19) along the slope surface; (4) Laying concrete slope protection blocks: Transport the prefabricated concrete slope protection blocks to the slope surface. After arriving at the construction site, the adjacent concrete slope protection blocks are gradually spliced ​​from the slope foot to the slope top in the form of mutual interlocking of the T-shaped tenons (2) and the T-shaped tenons (5). During the splicing process, a rubber hammer tool is used to ensure that the concrete slope protection blocks are tightly fitted to the slope surface; (5) Planting green vegetation: a layer of planting nutrient soil (12) suitable for the growth of green vegetation is laid in the vegetation growth groove (6) on the block body (1), and green vegetation with a well-developed root system, good landscape effect and high survival rate is planted in the planting nutrient soil (12). (9); (6) Construct drainage facilities connecting the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope and the side ditch or drainage ditch: set a water retaining belt (16) at the bottom of the slope to collect the water flow from the slope surface in the water retaining belt (16) and then discharge it into the nearby side ditch or drainage ditch (17). Lay a concrete slope protection layer (15) with a strength grade ≥ C20 between the water retaining belt (16) and the concrete blocks in the bottom row of the slope bottom to facilitate the smooth transition of water flow on the concrete blocks at the bottom of the slope to the water retaining belt (16) without eroding the soil at the bottom of the slope.

3. The construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The sand and gravel cushion layer (19) in step (3) is well-graded crushed stone, pebbles or gravel, into which medium sand material with good particle gradation, hard material, organic matter without weeds and tree roots and mud content ≤3% is mixed; the maximum particle size of the sand and gravel cushion layer (19) material is ≤50mm.

4. The construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: When the gravel cushion layer (19) is laid in step (3), the surface of the gravel cushion layer (19) should be ensured to be smooth and dense.

5. The construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the step (4), the four corners of the block body (1) are respectively provided with arc-shaped sunken platforms (7), the axis of the arc-shaped sunken platforms (7) is provided with arc-shaped notches (701) that penetrate the bottom of the arc-shaped sunken platforms (7), the arc-shaped notches (701) at the connecting corners of the spliced ​​concrete slope protection blocks form a circular socket (8) with a circular ring step, and a round-head screw-shaped fixing rod (10) is inserted into the circular socket (8).

6. The construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: In the step (4), a grouting groove (202) is provided at the longitudinal end surface of the T-shaped tenon (2), and cement mortar (11) is poured into the grouting groove (202), and the top elevation of the cement mortar (11) must be consistent with the top elevation of the grouting groove (202).

7. The construction method of the concrete slope protection block with drainage and greening function according to claim 2 is characterized in that: The water flow in the water retaining belt (16) in step (6) flows into the side ditch or drainage ditch (17) in two ways. One way is that the water in the water retaining belt (16) is connected to the side ditch or drainage ditch (17) through a drainage pipe (13) and a two-way drainage pipe joint (14) with a filter at one end; the other way is that a water flow outlet is reserved on the water retaining belt (16), and an open drainage ditch (18) connected to the side ditch or drainage ditch is excavated at the water flow outlet in the water retaining belt to drain the water in the water retaining belt (16) into the side ditch or drainage ditch (17).

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