A prestressed reinforced membrane structure and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure

Abstract

This invention discloses a prestressed reinforced membrane structure and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure, comprising a capsule, a flexible reinforcing skeleton, and an annular rigid member. The capsule contains fluid. The annular rigid member is disposed on the outer periphery of corresponding ends of the capsule. The flexible reinforcing skeleton is disposed outside the capsule. When the flexible reinforcing skeleton includes flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix or conductor direction of the capsule, or interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule, or a combination of both. The intersections of the flexible cables arranged along the generatrix of the capsule and the flexible cables interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule are connected by force-transmitting nodes, and the outline dimension of the capsule after being filled with fluid is larger than the outline dimension of the flexible reinforcing skeleton composed of flexible cables. When the flexible reinforcing skeleton includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps around the capsule. This invention is lightweight, portable, and easy to install and disassemble, while also possessing high load-bearing capacity, stiffness, and impact resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a load-bearing elongated structural component, specifically to a prestressed reinforced membrane structure and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure. Background Technology

[0002] In structural engineering, long and narrow structural members are mainly made of materials such as concrete, steel, and wood, or combinations thereof. Among them, beam members will generate compression zones and tension zones under load. In order to make full use of the material properties and reduce self-weight, reinforced concrete beams, steel-concrete composite beams, and wood-concrete beams can be used. To further reduce self-weight and save materials, T-beams, box girders, and beams with openings in the web can be used.

[0003] However, as the span increases, the load effect caused by the structure's self-weight also increases significantly. Therefore, the above structural forms are not suitable for long-span beams. Long-span structures can adopt structural forms such as trusses and prestressed tensioned beams.

[0004] The structural components described above utilize different materials and have varying assembly methods, but all use solid materials in the compression zone. Using concrete as the compression zone material results in a large structural weight and limits the span; while steel beams and trusses use steel as the compression zone material or compression members, which presents challenges due to compressive instability and underutilization of material strength. Furthermore, lightweight, high-strength materials like prestressed steel cannot be used for the compression zone, leading to a low overall mass-to-load ratio for the structure.

[0005] To address these issues, in 2002, researchers from the Swiss company Airlight and the EMPA Composite Structure Research Center proposed an inflatable composite beam—an air-supported tensioned beam—and applied it in practical engineering. In this beam, the upper flange is a metal compression member, the cables are arranged according to the beam's principal stress lines as the lower flange, and low-pressure air bladders serve as the beam's web members. This structure uses low-pressure air bladders instead of web members, but compression members are still present on the upper flange. Furthermore, the low pressure within the air bladders limits its load-bearing capacity.

[0006] Li Yugang and others invented rigid-walled air-bearing axially compressed members and eccentrically compressed members, using air as the compressed material and using rigid tubes to confine the gas. However, this series of inventions is limited to axially compressed members and eccentrically compressed members, and cannot be applied to more common component stress conditions. In addition, it is difficult to use high-strength materials such as prestressed steel for the rigid tube part.

[0007] To improve the specific strength of beams in engineering structures and make full use of high-strength materials, it is necessary to invent a new type of component. This type of component uses materials with higher specific strength in the compression zone and makes full use of the tensile strength of the material, thereby achieving the goal of improving the specific strength of beams in engineering structures. Summary of the Invention

[0008] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is to provide a prestressed reinforced membrane structure and a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure uses fluid as the pressure-bearing material and establishes prestress by filling the bladder with fluid and pressurizing it. It is lightweight, portable, easy to install and disassemble, and has high load-bearing capacity, stiffness and impact resistance.

[0009] This invention is implemented as follows: a prestressed reinforced membrane structure includes a capsule capable of maintaining a fixed shape after being filled with fluid, a flexible reinforcing skeleton for establishing prestress during the expansion of the capsule, and an annular rigid member for bearing circumferential forces; the contents of the capsule are fluid; the annular rigid members are respectively disposed on the outer periphery of corresponding ends of the capsule so that the force-bearing holes bear the circumferential forces of the capsule; the flexible reinforcing skeleton is disposed outside the capsule; the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth, or a combination of both; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton includes flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix or conductor direction of the capsule, or interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule, or a mixture of both; the intersections of the flexible cables arranged along the generatrix of the capsule and the flexible cables interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule are connected by force-transmitting nodes, and the outline dimension of the capsule after being filled with fluid is larger than the outline dimension of the flexible reinforcing skeleton composed of the flexible cables; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps around the capsule.

[0010] Furthermore, the size of the capsule gradually decreases or increases from the middle to both ends; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, some of the flexible cables are interlaced and wound around the outer periphery of the capsule, and other flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix of the capsule. The intersection of the two flexible cables is connected by a force-transmitting node, and the angle between the interlaced flexible cables and the generatrix of the capsule gradually decreases or increases from the middle to both ends of the capsule.

[0011] Furthermore, the capsule is a cylindrical capsule with a cylindrical center and hemispherical ends; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is composed of several flexible cables, some of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral interlaced manner, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along the line; the intersection of the two parts of flexible cables is a force-transmitting node; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of flexible fiber cloths is fixed with an adhesive.

[0012] Furthermore, the capsule is a curved, polygonal, circular, or semi-circular capsule with varying curvature; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, some of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral pattern, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix of the capsule, with force-transmitting nodes at the intersection of the two parts of the flexible cables; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of the flexible fiber cloths is fixed with an adhesive.

[0013] Furthermore, the node capable of transmitting force is a structure with an arc surface at the intersection formed between the intertwined flexible cables, thereby enabling the flexible cables to change direction at that point.

[0014] Furthermore, when the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of flexible cables, the flexible cables at the end positions of the capsule are wound around the end rigid members.

[0015] Furthermore, tubular rigid members for fitting the bladder to establish prestress are provided inside and / or outside the bladder body. The tubular rigid members inside the bladder body fit the inner wall of the bladder body, and the tubular rigid members outside the bladder body fit the outer wall of the bladder body. The flexible reinforcing skeleton is arranged on the outermost side, and the pre-tension stress of the flexible reinforcing skeleton and the pre-compression stress of the tubular rigid members are established by pressurizing the bladder body.

[0016] Furthermore, one or more connectors are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the capsule to form cantilever, simply supported, or multi-span continuous structural forms, respectively.

[0017] Furthermore, a layer of membrane material is added to the outside of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure, and the flexible reinforced skeleton is protected.

[0018] This invention also provides a combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure, comprising several bladders capable of maintaining a fixed shape after being filled with fluid, a flexible reinforcing skeleton for establishing prestress during the expansion of the bladders, and an annular rigid member for bearing circumferential forces; all bladders are arranged sequentially close together and connected as a whole by the flexible reinforcing skeleton, the annular rigid member being respectively disposed on the outer periphery of corresponding ends of the bladders so that the inner side of the annular rigid member bears the circumferential forces of the bladders; the flexible reinforcing skeleton is disposed on the outside of the bladders; the flexible reinforcing skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth, or both. The flexible reinforcement skeleton is composed of several flexible cables. When the flexible cables are mainly composed of several flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the main line or conductor direction of the capsule, or interlaced and wound between the capsules, or a combination of both, so that all capsules are connected into a whole. The intersection of the flexible cables arranged along the main line of the capsule and the flexible cables interlaced and wound around the outer periphery of the capsule is connected by a force-transmitting node. When the flexible reinforcement skeleton contains several flexible cables, the outline dimension of the capsule after it is filled with fluid is larger than the outline dimension of the flexible reinforcement skeleton composed of its outer flexible cables. When the flexible reinforcement skeleton contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule.

[0019] The present invention also provides a combined prestressed membrane structure, comprising multiple prestressed membrane structures as described above, all of which are arranged in sequence; the capsule is a polygonal or annular capsule;

[0020] The prestressed membrane structures are connected to each other by a circumferential skeleton in a winding or weaving manner to form a prestressed membrane structure group; the circumferential skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth, or a combination of both; an annular membrane material is arranged outside the circumferential skeleton; when the circumferential skeleton includes flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the main line or conductor of the annular membrane material, or are interlaced and wound between the prestressed membrane structures, or are arranged in a mixed manner; when the circumferential skeleton includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps around the capsule.

[0021] The present invention also provides a combined prestressed membrane structure, comprising multiple prestressed membrane structures as described above, wherein the ends or middle parts of the bladders of two adjacent prestressed membrane structures are fixedly connected by connectors and / or flexible reinforcing skeletons.

[0022] Furthermore, the prestressed membrane structures are connected to each other by a circumferential skeleton in a winding or weaving manner to form a prestressed membrane structure group; the circumferential skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables, flexible fiber cloth, or a combination of both; an annular membrane material is arranged outside the circumferential skeleton; when the circumferential skeleton includes flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the main line or conductor of the annular membrane material, or are interlaced and wound between the prestressed membrane structures, or are arranged in a mixed manner; when the circumferential skeleton includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps around the capsule.

[0023] The beneficial effects of this invention are:

[0024] 1. This invention applies prestress to the reinforcing material. Under load, the fluid constrained by the flexible reinforcing skeleton bears the pressure, thereby indirectly realizing the use of high-strength materials in the pressure zone. This greatly improves the mass-to-load ratio of the structure and avoids the problem of material instability. When used in medium and large span structures, it can significantly reduce the bending moment caused by self-weight. When used in high-rise structures and tower structures, it can effectively reduce the axial force under the action of the structure's self-weight. Furthermore, the increased mass-to-load ratio can also reduce the load on the foundation and substructure.

[0025] 2. This invention uses flexible components such as cables, fiber cloth, and membranes as the main components, so that the shape of the structure can meet different structural or architectural functional requirements. There are no templates or molds required for traditional variable cross-section structures. Different shapes can be formed simply by controlling the cable length and intersection angle of each part.

[0026] 3. The fluid-filled capsule with a certain rigidity provides continuous elastic support for the cables and membranes, improving the overall stability of the beam. The inflation process of the capsule is the process of applying initial prestress to the structure, which does not require tensioning equipment, making construction convenient and quick. More importantly, the inflation process applies a uniformly distributed load to the capsule, which allows the external flexible reinforcing skeleton to be tensioned evenly, avoiding the problem of partial prestress loss that exists in the traditional end-tensioning prestressing process.

[0027] 4. Compared to the sparse cable arrangement of traditional cable-membrane structures with their external flexible reinforcing skeleton, this invention features a dispersed flexible reinforcing skeleton, reducing the cable spacing by an order of magnitude. This allows the cables to effectively support the membrane material within the membrane capsule, enabling the capsule to achieve higher internal pressure and significantly improving stiffness and load-bearing capacity. Furthermore, the obliquely spiral arrangement of the flexible reinforcing skeleton provides shear and torsional resistance, similar to diagonal web members in a truss. This allows the prestressed reinforced membrane structure to be applied to various stress states, including tension, compression, bending, shear, and torsion. Consequently, this invention can be designed into different structural forms, such as simply supported beams, continuous beams, cantilever beams, and rigid frames, depending on the support location.

[0028] 5. This invention can be combined with concrete structures to form a new type of prestressed concrete structure. Compared with the traditional prestressed concrete structure, most of the concrete in the original prestressed concrete structure is replaced by a capsule and fluid, which makes it lighter and more convenient to arrange and tension the prestressing tendons, saving anchorages and tensioning equipment.

[0029] 6. In this invention, the flexible reinforcing skeleton and circumferential skeleton, which play a major role in bearing loads, are in a tensile state during operation. If the flexible reinforcing skeleton or circumferential skeleton is made of high-strength materials such as carbon fiber, it can ensure that the high-strength materials such as carbon fiber remain in a tensile state and do not become unstable under large deformation, thus fully utilizing the strength of the materials. Therefore, this invention can be applied to structures with high strength reserve requirements but where deformation control under extreme loads is not strict, such as automobile bodies and anti-collision structures. Furthermore, in the working state, the flexible reinforcing skeleton of this invention is completely in an elastic tensile state. Under the stress wave effect generated by impact loads, the tensile stress of the flexible reinforcing skeleton is at most zero in some areas, avoiding the instability and yielding of the compression side of traditional anti-collision structures (such as bumpers) under impact loads. Its structural form has elastic recovery capabilities and can withstand multiple impact loads without replacement.

[0030] 7. This invention is a self-balancing system, where the prestress of the external flexible reinforcing frame is balanced with the internal pressure of the bladder, and the boundary constraints are mainly vertical reactions. Therefore, its boundary constraint requirements are low, the support forces are clearly defined, and it is easy to design and manufacture.

[0031] 8. During storage and transportation, the components of this invention occupy a small volume. While ensuring the same high load-bearing capacity as traditional structures, the use of gas as a pressure-bearing material eliminates the need for concrete curing and some welding processes during construction. The entire production process is faster than traditional structures, making it suitable not only for large-span spatial structures but also for temporary structures.

[0032] 9. The present invention has few types of components, and the dimensions and installation methods of the interlaced winding rope or oblique fiber cloth are basically the same. Therefore, the component production and on-site installation are simple, and it is also conducive to realizing automated production.

[0033] 10. This invention can be applied to the reinforcement of columns. On the one hand, this invention can apply uniform lateral pressure to the column components by pressurizing the fluid in the bladder, thereby improving the load-bearing capacity of the column. On the other hand, the prestress of the established flexible reinforcing skeleton can give full play to the strength of reinforcing materials such as carbon fiber cloth. Attached Figure Description

[0034] Figure 1 This is a structural front view of Embodiment 1 of the present invention;

[0035] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the pulley force transmission node in the embodiment shown;

[0036] Figure 3 yes Figure 1 The diagram shown is a schematic diagram of the elemental thread winding at the pulley force transmission node in the embodiment shown.

[0037] Figure 4 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the small circular ring force transmission node in the embodiment shown;

[0038] Figure 5 yes Figure 1 The schematic diagram of the elemental thread winding at the small ring force transmission node in the embodiment shown is shown.

[0039] Figure 6 yes Figure 1 The diagram shown illustrates the end-flexible cable winding and fixing mechanism in the embodiment.

[0040] Figure 7 yes Figure 1 A schematic diagram of the cross-section of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure in the embodiment shown;

[0041] Figure 8 This is a cross-sectional schematic diagram of a rare-cable system cable-membrane structure in the prior art;

[0042] Figure 9 yes Figure 1 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an alternative example of the illustrated embodiment;

[0043] Figure 10 This is a front view of the structure of Embodiment 2 of the present invention;

[0044] Figure 11 yes Figure 10 The structural front view of an alternative example of the embodiment shown;

[0045] Figure 12 yes Figure 10 A structural front view of another alternative example of the illustrated embodiment;

[0046] Figure 13 This is a structural front view of Embodiment 3 of the present invention;

[0047] Figure 14 yes Figure 13 The structural front view of an alternative example of the embodiment shown;

[0048] Figure 15 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure of Embodiment 4 of the present invention;

[0049] Figure 16 This is a schematic cross-sectional view of the structure in Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0050] Figure 17 This is a structural front view of Embodiment 5 of the present invention;

[0051] Figure 18 This is a structural front view of Embodiment Six of the present invention;

[0052] Figure 19 yes Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the interlaced winding of the embodiment in the cross-sectional direction;

[0053] Figure 20 yes Figure 18 A schematic diagram of the longitudinal winding of the interlaced winding cable in the illustrated embodiment;

[0054] Figure 21 yes Figure 18 A cross-sectional schematic diagram of an alternative example of the illustrated embodiment;

[0055] Figure 22 yes Figure 18 A structural front view of another alternative example of the illustrated embodiment;

[0056] Figure 23 yes Figure 22 A schematic diagram of the interlaced winding rope in the embodiment shown;

[0057] Figure 24 This is a structural front view of Embodiment Seven of the present invention;

[0058] Figure 25 yes Figure 24 The structural front view of an alternative example of the embodiment shown;

[0059] Figure 26 yes Figure 24 A structural front view of another alternative example of the illustrated embodiment;

[0060] Figure 27 yes Figure 26 A perspective view of the intersecting pipe node in the illustrated embodiment;

[0061] Figure 28 This is a structural front view of Embodiment 8 of the present invention;

[0062] Figure 29 yes Figure 28 The structural front view of an alternative example of the embodiment shown;

[0063] Figure 30 yes Figure 28 The illustrated embodiment is a cross-sectional schematic diagram. Detailed Implementation

[0064] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings. The following embodiments are only used to more clearly illustrate the technical solution of the present invention, and should not be used to limit the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0065] Example 1: As Figure 1As shown, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure in this embodiment consists of a capsule 1, a flexible reinforcing skeleton 2, an annular rigid member 3, and a connector 5. The capsule 1 is an ellipsoidal surface or a surface of revolution with a parabola as its generatrix. The capsule is a membrane structure with one or more layers. The annular rigid member can be made of steel or other high-strength materials. The inner surface of the annular rigid member 3 is circular to match the outer wall of the capsule 1. The flexible reinforcing skeleton 2 uses prestressed steel strands or FRP and other high-strength cables. The angle between the interlaced winding cable 2.1.1 and the generatrix of the capsule gradually decreases from the middle of the capsule to both ends. Referring to the change of the principal stress line after the capsule is formed, annular rigid members are set at both ends of the capsule starting from the point where the angle changes to zero, and the angle no longer changes. Annular rigid members can also be set in the middle of the capsule to allow the flexible cable to turn. A notch is machined on this part of the annular rigid member, and the flexible cable turns at the notch. The specific winding method of the interlaced cable is helical interlacing; additionally, flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix of the capsule on the upper and lower sides of the load direction. These flexible cables are generatrix lines 2.1.2, and are wound with the intersecting interlaced cables onto the same pulley 9.1 to establish a force-transmitting node, such as... Figure 2 The way its basic clues are intertwined is as follows Figure 3 It can also be wrapped around the same small ring 9.2, such as Figure 4 The way its basic clues are intertwined is as follows Figure 5 The arrows in the diagram indicate the winding direction; the flexible cable 2.1 continues to provide reinforcement after being wound and fixed on the annular rigid members at both ends of the capsule, such as... Figure 6 In this example, in addition to pulleys and small rings, other structures with curved surfaces can also be used to transmit force at the nodes, which will not be elaborated here.

[0066] The flexible cable's end is anchored to a support, which is welded to two annular rigid members at both ends; for example... Figure 7 The diagram shows a cross-sectional view of this embodiment. The outline dimension of the capsule is larger than the outline dimension 'a' of the flexible reinforcing skeleton, thus making the curvature of the capsule after filling with fluid greater than the curvature of the flexible reinforcing skeleton. After the flexible reinforcing skeleton is arranged, the capsule is inflated to establish prestress in the flexible reinforcing skeleton. Water can also be filled into the capsule to increase stiffness, i.e., a water bag can be used instead, and prestress can be established by increasing water pressure. A layer of membrane material can be added to the outside of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure, and a vacuum can be drawn between the prestressed reinforced membrane structure and the outer membrane material, or anti-corrosion grease can be applied to the surface of the metal flexible cable. Through such protective measures, the stress-bearing skeleton of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure is isolated from the external environment, which helps to improve durability. Figure 7 and Figure 8Given the same size flexible skeleton, the curvature of the capsule in this invention is greater than that of the capsule in a traditional rare-cable membrane structure. Therefore, the force on the capsule is also smaller than that of the capsule in a traditional rare-cable membrane structure, allowing the prestressed reinforced membrane structure to use high-pressure capsules, thus improving the structure's load-bearing capacity and stiffness. In this embodiment, the capsule 1 can also be shaped with a smaller center and larger ends, such as... Figure 9 The angle between the interlaced winding cable 2.1.1 and the elemental line of the capsule gradually increases from the middle of the capsule to both ends. Referring to the change of the principal stress line after the capsule is formed, other implementation schemes are the same as above.

[0067] Besides the arrangement in this example where only flexible cables are used as the flexible reinforcing skeleton, the flexible reinforcing skeleton 2 can also be replaced with fiber cloth, in which case the fiber cloth completely encapsulates the capsule. Alternatively, a mixture of fiber cloth and flexible cables can be used, in which case the flexible cables are arranged as given in this example, and the fiber cloth is arranged as described above.

[0068] This embodiment uses a variable cross-section capsule, which allows the elemental thread to function like a suspension structure under uniformly distributed load. When applied to large-span structures, it can reduce the amount of material used in the flexible reinforcement skeleton.

[0069] Example 2: Figure 10 As shown, this embodiment differs from specific embodiment one in that the structure in this embodiment uses a cylindrical capsule 1, which is cylindrical in the middle and hemispherical at both ends. A pulley 3.1 is welded to the annular rigid member 3, and the spirally wound flexible cable, after passing over the pulley, changes direction to be arranged along the generatrices at both ends of the capsule; its connecting member 5 is connected to the main structure by hinge or rigid connection, forming a simply supported beam structure such as... Figure 10 Continuous beams, such as Figure 11 Or cantilever beam structure, such as Figure 12 .

[0070] In this embodiment, the flexible cable can be replaced by fiber cloth. The fiber cloth is densely laid on the surface of the capsule, in the same direction as the flexible cable described above. The fiber cloth is firmly bonded with adhesive at the joints and the spherical areas at both ends. The contact surfaces of the fiber cloth arranged along the generatrix of the capsule and the spirally wound fiber cloth also need to be firmly bonded with adhesive. Other implementation schemes are the same as above.

[0071] Example 3: Figure 13 As shown, this embodiment differs from specific embodiment two in that: the structure in this embodiment uses a ring-shaped capsule 1, the anchor 4 is set on a ring-shaped rigid member that fits over the capsule, the connector 5 is welded to the ring-shaped rigid member 3, the angle between the interlaced winding cable 2.1.1 and the generatrix of the formed capsule is constant, referring to the angle of the principal stress line after the capsule is formed; after the flexible reinforcing skeleton 2 is arranged, the capsule is inflated to establish the prestress of the flexible cable or fiber cloth. As shown in the figure, the structure can be used as a bicycle wheel rim, which can reduce the weight of the vehicle.

[0072] In this embodiment, the capsule can also be replaced by a semi-annular capsule or a curved capsule with varying curvature. The flexible reinforcing skeletons at both ends are connected to the connector 5 to form an arched prestressed reinforced membrane structure, such as... Figure 14 When the capsule 1 is a curved or semi-circular capsule with varying curvature, the flexible reinforcing skeletons at both ends are connected to the connectors 5 to form an arch structure. A curved capsule with varying curvature refers to a capsule whose axis extends along a curve with varying curvature, and this curve is the axis of the capsule.

[0073] In this embodiment, the flexible cable capsule 1 can also be a cylindrical capsule, with the two ends bonded together to form a ring-shaped capsule that is connected end to end but not connected. Arranging the flexible reinforcing skeleton according to the above method can achieve the same effect as using a ring-shaped capsule after filling with fluid. The bonding at both ends only serves as a temporary fixation. Other connection methods can also be used, such as tying with a rope.

[0074] Example 4: Figure 15 As shown, this embodiment differs from specific embodiment two in that: in this embodiment, a tubular rigid member 10 is placed outside the capsule 1, adhering to the outer wall of the capsule. A flexible reinforcing skeleton 2 is arranged outside the tubular rigid member. Pre-tension stress of the external flexible reinforcing skeleton and pre-compression stress of the tubular rigid member are established by pressurizing the capsule. The tubular rigid member 10 can also be arranged inside the capsule. Under axial or eccentric loads, the external tubular rigid member increases the stiffness of the structure while also protecting the capsule. Compared to traditional columns, the prestressed reinforced membrane structure described in this embodiment uses higher-strength prestressed steel or other high-strength materials for its external flexible reinforcing skeleton. Its application in high-rise structures can reduce the axial force of lower-story columns. Furthermore, the stress characteristics of its external flexible reinforcing skeleton are similar to those of a truss, resulting in higher shear strength and stiffness than steel columns with the same steel usage. The tubular rigid member mentioned here also includes segmental members. After applying prestress to the capsule by pressurizing it, the segmental members will squeeze together to form a complete tubular rigid member. Tubular components have the advantage of being easier to transport compared to complete rigid tubular components.

[0075] Example 5: Figure 16 as well as Figure 17 The difference between this embodiment and specific embodiment two is that the cross-section of the capsule 1 in this embodiment is close to semi-circular after it is formed, and the flexible cable located on the compression side under load is pre-embedded in the concrete 8. Figure 21The dotted line represents the flexible cable embedded in the concrete. The projection of the flexible cable embedded in the concrete onto the cross-section is a semi-ellipse with the diameter of the semi-circular capsule as its major axis. The end of the flexible cable is anchored into the concrete at the end of the capsule. The concrete provides a bearing surface for the load while utilizing its compressive strength and stiffness. Compared to traditional prestressed concrete structures, the prestressed cable specifications and installation methods of the prestressed concrete structure in this embodiment are easier to install, and the structure's self-weight is also smaller.

[0076] Example 6: This example differs from Example 2 in that the structure in this example is constructed using, for example... Figure 18 , Figure 19 , Figure 20 The weaving method shown uses flexible cords to connect several cylindrical capsules together, with each capsule arranged close together in a parallel manner along its axis. Figure 18 This is a schematic diagram of the winding method of the interlaced winding cable in the cross-sectional direction. The interlaced winding cable is wound alternately on both sides of the plane formed by the axis of the capsule, and turns back after reaching the end of the capsule group. Figure 19 This diagram illustrates the longitudinal winding pattern of the interlaced rope. Figure 2a shows the rope wound around the front of the capsule assembly, and 2b shows the winding pattern of the rope wound around the rear. The interlaced rope is wound in a serpentine manner longitudinally. Based on this, several cylindrical capsules can be combined to form a tubular prestressed membrane structure, with the capsules arranged in the cross-sectional direction as shown below. Figure 21 .

[0077] Based on the above-described connection method between the capsules, the annular capsules in Example 3 can also be combined into a tubular prestressed reinforced membrane structure, such as... Figure 22 They are arranged one after another in a manner parallel to the plane containing the axis of the cyst. Figure 23 The winding method of cable 2c, which is wound on the outside, and cable 2d, which is wound on the inside, is explained. The staggered winding cables alternately wind on the inner and outer sides of the tubular curved surface formed by the axes of the capsule, and adopt a helical winding method in the longitudinal direction. In addition, the capsule assembly can be arranged and combined in other ways to form a composite prestressed membrane structure, and then configured into different structures using the arrangement of flexible cables in this embodiment, so it will not be described in detail. The composite prestressed membrane structure described in this embodiment has various cross-sectional forms, including hollow cross-sections, which can reduce the fluid filling. The tubular prestressed membrane structure can be used as a structure subjected to circumferential loads.

[0078] Example 7: This example differs from Example 2 in that the structure in this example includes three bladders 1. The bladders are connected by welded annular rigid components, and the bladders are connected using the same flexible reinforcing skeleton, such as... Figure 24As shown, this allows bending moments to be transferred at the joints of the capsules, thus forming a rigid frame structure. Alternatively, annular rigid members between different capsules can be welded to the same bend 7.1 to transfer bending moments. The flexible cable, after turning on the pulley of the annular rigid member, remains spirally wound around the outside of the original capsule to provide reinforcement. Figure 25 Alternatively, the intersecting pipe node 7.2 can be fitted over the capsule 1a, and a pulley can be welded onto the intersecting pipe node. The ends of capsules 1b and 1c can be installed at the remaining two openings of the intersecting pipe node, and the flexible cable can be wound and fixed onto the pulley outside. Figure 26 Intersecting pipe nodes, such as Figure 27 .

[0079] Three or more capsules can be connected in accordance with the above method, or the capsules can be connected end to end to form a polygonal or annular prestressed reinforced membrane structure, so it will not be described in detail here.

[0080] Example 8: As Figure 28 In this embodiment, the structure consists of several annular prestressed membrane structures 11a manufactured according to Embodiment 3, connected by flexible cables 2.1. The flexible cables are fixed to the annular prestressed membrane structures by being wound around them. (See also...) Figure 6 The two form a circumferential skeleton 12, and the length of the flexible cable between adjacent annular prestressed membrane structures can be selected as needed; then, annular membrane material 14 is wrapped around the above-mentioned load-bearing skeleton, and the diameter of the annular membrane material is 1.4 times the outer ring diameter of the annular prestressed membrane structure 11a; as Figure 30 Under circumferential pressure, the annular membrane material is stretched and bends inward, transmitting the force to the circumferential skeleton 12. In this embodiment, the flexible cable can also be spirally wound to establish the connection between the prestressed membrane structures, as in Example 1. The annular prestressed membrane structure 11a in this embodiment can also be replaced by the arched prestressed membrane structure 11b in Example 3, with its flexible reinforcing skeletons at both ends connected to the connectors 5 to form an arch structure, for application on land or underwater, such as... Figure 29 Unlike traditional structures subjected to circumferential pressure, the structure described in this embodiment only has the fluid inside the bladder under pressure, while all other materials are under tension. This allows for the application of high-strength materials such as prestressed steel strands even under circumferential pressure, and also avoids structural instability.

[0081] Similarly, the annular prestressed membrane structure in the above embodiments can also be replaced by the polygonal or annular prestressed membrane structure or the rigid frame prestressed membrane structure described in Embodiment 7.

[0082] The capsule 1 is a columnar or tubular body capable of being fitted or surrounding the outside of a columnar member, used to establish a prestressed flexible reinforcing skeleton during the process of filling the capsule 1 with fluid. It should be noted that the shape of the capsule in this invention refers to a stable shape with a specific form formed after the capsule is filled with fluid. When the spacing between the interlaced windings of the flexible cable in this invention is sufficiently small, it approximates weaving the cable material outside the capsule; this form should also be considered within the scope of protection of this invention.

[0083] In this invention, the definitions of generatrix, line of origin, and conductor are as follows: the curved surface is regarded as the trajectory of a moving line in space, the moving line is called generatrix, the generatrix is ​​called line of origin when it is at any position on the curved surface, and the line that controls the movement of the generatrix is ​​called conductor.

[0084] The above description is only a preferred embodiment of the present invention. It should be noted that for those skilled in the art, several improvements and modifications can be made without departing from the technical principles of the present invention, and these improvements and modifications should also be considered within the scope of protection of the present invention.

Claims

1. A prestressed reinforced membrane structure, characterized in that: It includes a capsule (1) that can maintain a fixed shape after being filled with fluid contents, a flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) for establishing prestress during the expansion of the capsule (1), and an annular rigid member (3) for bearing circumferential forces; the fluid contents of the capsule (1) are fluid. The annular rigid member (3) is respectively disposed on the outer periphery of the corresponding end of the capsule (1) so that the force-bearing hole of the annular rigid member (3) bears the circumferential force of the capsule (1); the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is disposed on the outside of the capsule (1); the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1) or flexible fiber cloth or a combination of the two; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) includes flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged along the line or conductor direction of the capsule (1), or interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule, or a mixture of both; the flexible cables (2.1) arranged along the line of the capsule and interlaced around the capsule The intersections of the outer flexible cables are connected by force-transmitting nodes, and the outline dimension of the capsule (1) after being filled with fluid contents is larger than the outline dimension of the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) formed by the flexible cables (2.1); when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps around the capsule; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables at the end positions of the capsule (1) are wound around the end rigid members; the capsule (1) is a columnar body that can be fitted or surrounded outside the columnar member to establish prestress in the process of filling the capsule (1) with fluid contents.

2. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The size of the capsule (1) gradually decreases or increases from the middle to both ends; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1), some of the flexible cables are interlaced around the outer periphery of the capsule, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along the generatrix of the capsule. The two parts of the flexible cables are connected by a node that can transmit force at the intersection. The angle between the interlaced flexible cables and the generatrix of the capsule gradually decreases or increases from the middle to both ends of the capsule.

3. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capsule (1) is a cylindrical capsule with a cylindrical center and hemispherical ends; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is composed of several flexible cables (2.1), some of the flexible cables are arranged in a spiral pattern, and the other part of the flexible cables are arranged along the line; the intersection of the two parts of the flexible cables is a node that can transmit force; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of several flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of the flexible fiber cloths is fixed with an adhesive.

4. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The capsule (1) is a curved, polygonal, annular, or semi-circular capsule with varying curvature; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1), some of the flexible cables (2.1) are arranged in a spiral pattern, and the other part of the flexible cables (2.1) is arranged along the generatrix of the capsule (1), and the intersection of the two parts of the flexible cables (2.1) is a node that can transmit force; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is mainly composed of several flexible fiber cloths, the arrangement of the flexible fiber cloths is the same as that of the flexible cables, and the intersection of the two parts of the flexible fiber cloths is fixed with an adhesive.

5. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to any one of claims 1 to 4, characterized in that: The force-transmitting node is a structure with an arc surface at the intersection formed between the intertwined flexible cables, thereby enabling the flexible cables to change direction at that point.

6. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: The inner and / or outer sides of the bladder are provided with tubular rigid members (10) for fitting the bladder to establish prestress. The tubular rigid members located inside the bladder fit the inner wall of the bladder, and the tubular rigid members located outside the bladder fit the outer wall of the bladder. The flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) is arranged on the outermost side, and the pre-tension stress of the flexible reinforcing skeleton and the pre-compression stress of the tubular rigid members are established by pressurizing the bladder.

7. A prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: One or more connectors (5) are arranged along the longitudinal direction of the capsule (1) to form cantilever, simply supported or multi-span continuous structural forms respectively.

8. The prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 1, characterized in that: A layer of membrane material is added to the outside of the prestressed reinforced membrane structure, and the flexible reinforced skeleton is protected.

9. A composite prestressed reinforced membrane structure, characterized in that: The device includes several bladders (1) that maintain a fixed shape after being filled with fluid contents, a flexible reinforcing frame (2) for establishing prestress during the expansion of the bladders (1), and an annular rigid member (3) for bearing circumferential forces. All bladders are arranged close together and connected as a whole by the flexible reinforcing frame. The annular rigid member (3) is disposed on the outer periphery of the corresponding ends of the bladders (1) so that the inner side of the annular rigid member (3) bears the circumferential forces of the bladders (1). The flexible reinforcing frame (2) is disposed on the outside of the bladders (1). The flexible reinforcing frame (2) is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1) or flexible fiber cloth or a combination of both. When the flexible reinforcing frame (2) is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1), the flexible cables (2.1) are along the line or conductor of the bladder (1). The flexible cords are arranged in a directional manner, or interlaced and wound between the various bladders, or a combination of both, so that all the bladders are connected as a whole; the intersection of the flexible cords arranged along the main line of the bladder and the flexible cords interlaced and wound around the outer periphery of the bladder is connected by a force-transmitting node; the flexible cords at the end positions of the bladder (1) are wound around the end rigid member; the bladder (1) is a columnar body that can be fitted or surrounded outside the columnar member to establish a prestressed flexible reinforcing skeleton during the process of filling the bladder (1) with fluid contents; when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) includes several flexible cords (2.1), the outline dimension of the bladder (1) after being filled with fluid contents is larger than the outline dimension of the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) formed by its outer flexible cords (2.1); when the flexible reinforcing skeleton (2) includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the bladder.

10. A composite prestressed reinforced membrane structure, characterized in that: The system includes multiple prestressed membrane structures as described in claim 1, all of which are arranged sequentially. The capsule (1) is a polygonal or annular capsule. The prestressed membrane structures are connected to each other by a circumferential skeleton (12) in a winding or weaving manner to form a prestressed membrane structure group. The circumferential skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth, or a combination of both. An annular membrane material (14) is arranged outside the circumferential skeleton. When the circumferential skeleton includes flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the main line or conductor of the annular membrane material, or are interlaced and wound between the prestressed membrane structures, or are arranged in a mixed manner. When the circumferential skeleton (12) includes flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule.

11. A composite prestressed reinforced membrane structure, characterized in that: It includes multiple prestressed reinforced membrane structures as described in claim 1, with the ends or middle parts of the bladders of two adjacent prestressed reinforced membrane structures being fixedly connected by connectors and / or flexible reinforcing skeletons.

12. The combined prestressed reinforced membrane structure according to claim 11, characterized in that: The prestressed membrane structures are connected to each other by a circumferential skeleton (12) in a winding or weaving manner to form a prestressed membrane structure group; the circumferential skeleton is mainly composed of several flexible cables (2.1), flexible fiber cloth or a combination of both; an annular membrane material (14) is arranged outside the circumferential skeleton; when the circumferential skeleton contains flexible cables, the flexible cables are arranged along the direction of the main line or conductor of the annular membrane material, or are interlaced and wound between the prestressed membrane structures, or are arranged in a mixed manner; when the circumferential skeleton (12) contains flexible fiber cloth, the fiber cloth completely wraps the capsule.

Images