Cotton topping device and topping method for inhibiting damage to cotton leaves

Abstract

The present invention relates to a cotton topping device for suppressing damage to cotton leaves, comprising: a frame, a plant height sensing mechanism arranged in the frame, and a topping mechanism arranged at the front end of the frame. The cotton topping device for suppressing damage to cotton leaves provided by the present invention has high accuracy in identifying the position of the top of cotton. Through an imager and a controller, the instantaneous synchronization of non-contact identification and mechanical profiling is met, thereby improving accuracy; the cutting-free tapping method reduces damage to plants; it can make full use of the fragile and tender growth characteristics of the top of the cotton plant body, and preserve the photosynthetic cotton leaves to the greatest extent; when topping multiple rows, each topping unit can operate independently without interfering with each other; the amplitude and strength of the tapping can be adjusted according to the growth status of different varieties to meet different topping requirements.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a cotton topping device and a topping method for suppressing damage to cotton leaves, and belongs to the technical field of agricultural machinery. Background Art

[0002] Cotton crops have the characteristic of "top growth advantage", and cotton topping is an indispensable and important link in its production process. By removing the top core of cotton, it can not only promote the formation of bolls and peaches on cotton plants, increase production and income, but also improve the quality of cotton. In the past, most people used traditional manual topping, which had low production efficiency and a single topping method that was increasingly unsuitable for the development needs of the cotton industry. In recent years, some areas have tried chemical topping methods, but there are obvious differences in the topping effect due to climatic conditions, which may cause serious cotton production reductions and environmental pollution. Therefore, the implementation of mechanized cotton topping is the preferred way for cotton production in my country.

[0003] Agricultural machinery should be closely integrated with agronomy. With the promotion and use of mechanized cotton picking, new requirements are put forward for cotton field management: in the middle and late stages of cotton growth, multiple batches of "mecaptoethanol" should be sprayed every week to shorten the distance between fruit branches to meet the low plant height requirements during machine picking. As a result, during the implementation of cotton topping, the top core of cotton is often compressed into the cotton leaves fed by the top 2 to 3 fruit branches. The traditional mechanized flat-cut "shaving method" topping often indirectly removes too many cotton leaves, which cannot meet or approach the traditional manual topping "one core and one leaf" agronomic requirements. On average, each plant is reduced by 1 to 2 top peaches, and the yield reduction per mu can reach 50kg.

[0004] At present, there are continuous innovations in the field of mechanical topping of cotton in China. Chinese Patent Application No. 200720126953.8 discloses a cotton topping machine with automatic height adjustment, which can realize automatic adjustment of the topping height according to the imitation of the ground surface and the height of the cotton plant, but it cannot realize the random profiling of the top of a single plant, and the rate of missed or over-profiling is high. Chinese Patent Application No. 200920164577.0 discloses an automatic adjustment type cotton topping machine, which adopts an electric contact profiling adjustment mechanism, has a narrow adaptability range, and a high topping failure rate. Chinese Patent Application No. 201110319598.7 discloses an automatic control profiling cotton topping machine, which can complete topping when the cotton height is highly consistent, but is not suitable for most situations where the height of cotton varies greatly. Chinese patent application No. 201210382667.3 discloses a vertical lifting single-body profiling cotton topping machine, which uses a profiling plate to profile the top of the cotton plant, relying on pressure sensing, and has the state of pushing down the cotton plant, resulting in serious missed topping phenomenon, and uses high and low positions to control the topping height, and its control accuracy is poor, and it cannot adapt to cotton with large height changes. Chinese patent 201811228003.5 discloses a net-leaking cotton topping machine, which reduces the phenomenon of over-cutting of some cotton leaves due to topping, but the mechanism lacks profiling and positioning of the cotton top core, and it is easy to toe the cotton plant and fail to cut the top core.

[0005] The key to implementing cotton topping is to solve the two core problems of profiling and cutting. A comprehensive analysis of existing cotton topping machinery shows that there is a lack of integration of agricultural machinery and agronomy. The top of cotton is a flexible body. If contact profiling is achieved through a mechanical transmission mechanism, the cotton will deviate significantly and the top cannot be accurately found. It is appropriate to use non-contact profiling. The traditional flat cutting method seriously damages the cotton leaves, and the rolling cutting method is also easy to push down the cotton, resulting in poor topping effect. Summary of the invention

[0006] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is: to overcome the disadvantages of the above-mentioned technology and to provide a cotton topping device and a topping method which adopt the reciprocating vertical beating principle to suppress the damage of cotton leaves.

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the first technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage, comprising: a frame, a plant height sensing mechanism arranged in the frame, and a topping mechanism arranged at the front end of the frame; the topping mechanism is connected to the frame through a parallel connecting rod, and the two ends of the parallel connecting rod are respectively hinged to the topping mechanism and the frame; a hydraulic cylinder is installed between the frame and the parallel connecting rod; the hydraulic cylinder can push the parallel connecting rod to move, thereby changing the height of the topping mechanism; the plant height sensing mechanism is composed of an imager and a controller, the signal output end of the imager is connected to the controller, and the controller drives the hydraulic cylinder; the topping mechanism includes a topping support, a crank arranged on the topping support, a connecting rod with one end hinged to the crank, and a beating plate assembly hinged to the other end of the connecting rod; the beating plate assembly includes a beating plate and a beating plate rod extending upward from the top of the beating plate; the top end of the beating plate rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod; an elastic damping element is arranged between the beating plate and the support.

[0008] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the support limits the lateral displacement of the beating rod.

[0009] A further improvement of the above solution is that the rear end of the frame is provided with a hanging ear.

[0010] A further improvement of the above solution is that the crank is driven by a hydraulic motor.

[0011] A further improvement of the above scheme is that: a hydraulic cylinder position sensor is provided next to the hydraulic cylinder; and the hydraulic cylinder position sensor outputs to the controller.

[0012] A further improvement of the above solution is that the length of the connecting rod is adjustable.

[0013] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the elastic damping element is a disc spring.

[0014] A further improvement of the above scheme is that the preload force of the disc spring can be adjusted.

[0015] In order to solve the above technical problems, the second technical solution proposed by the present invention is: a method for topping the cotton using the cotton topping device for suppressing damage to cotton leaves described in the first technical solution, which can maintain the original static state before the cotton is subjected to external mechanical action; when the cotton is hit from top to bottom, the top core of the cotton breaks first, and the upper cotton leaves automatically rebound after being hit and swinging down.

[0016] The cotton topping device and topping method for inhibiting the damage of cotton leaves provided by the present invention can identify the position of the top of cotton with high accuracy. Through the imager and the controller, the instantaneous synchronization of non-contact identification and mechanical profiling is met, and the accuracy is improved; the cutting-free tapping method reduces the damage to the plant; it can make full use of the growth characteristics of the top of the cotton plant body, which is tender and fragile, and preserve the photosynthetic cotton leaves to the greatest extent; when topping multiple rows, each topping unit can operate independently without interfering with each other; the amplitude and strength of the tapping can be adjusted according to the growth status of different varieties to meet different topping needs. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0017] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0018] Figure 1 It is a side structural schematic diagram of a preferred embodiment of the present invention.

[0019] Figure 2 yes Figure 1 Schematic diagram of the main view structure. DETAILED DESCRIPTION Example

[0020] The cotton topping device for suppressing the damage of cotton leaves in this embodiment is as follows: Figure 1 and Figure 2 As shown, it includes: a frame 3, a plant height sensing mechanism arranged in the frame 3, and a topping mechanism arranged at the front end of the frame 3; the topping mechanism is connected to the frame 3 through a parallel connecting rod 8, and the two ends of the parallel connecting rod 8 are respectively hinged to the topping mechanism and the frame 3; a hydraulic cylinder 7 is installed between the frame 3 and the parallel connecting rod 8; the hydraulic cylinder 7 can push the parallel connecting rod 8 to move, thereby changing the height of the topping mechanism; the plant height sensing mechanism is composed of an imager 4 and an ECU controller 5, and the signal output end of the imager 4 is connected to the ECU controller 5, and the ECU controller 5 drives the hydraulic cylinder 7; the topping mechanism includes a topping support 11, a crank 9 arranged on the topping support 11, a connecting rod 10 with one end hinged to the crank 9, and a beating plate assembly hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 10; the beating plate assembly includes a beating plate 14 and a beating plate rod extending upward from the top of the beating plate; the top of the beating plate rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod 10; a disc spring 13 is arranged between the beating plate 14 and the support 11.

[0021] In order to prevent the beating plate 14 from shaking, the support 11 limits the lateral displacement of the beating plate rod through the guide rail 12 and the slider.

[0022] In order to facilitate installation on the vehicle, the rear end of the frame 3 has an upper hanging ear 2 and a lower hanging ear 1, wherein the number of the lower hanging ears is two and the number of the upper hanging ear is one.

[0023] In order to obtain power conveniently, the crank 9 is driven by a hydraulic motor.

[0024] In order to obtain the current extension and retraction position of the hydraulic cylinder, a hydraulic cylinder position sensor 6 is provided next to the hydraulic cylinder 7 ; the hydraulic cylinder position sensor 6 outputs to the ECU controller 5 .

[0025] When implementing mechanical topping of cotton, a tractor with more than 50HP can be selected, and the device can be suspended in the form of pin connection with two lower hanging ears 1 and one upper hanging ear 2 respectively; the hydraulic motor and the hydraulic cylinder 7 are connected to the hydraulic power output port of the tractor. During operation, the hydraulic cylinder 7 rises to the middle position, and the lower plane of the beating plate 14 of the device is lifted to the average height of the cotton top core; during operation, the imager 4 first identifies the height of the cotton top core, and the calculation result of the height difference with the real-time position of the beating plate 14 is fed back to the ECU controller 5, and the topping seat 11 and the cotton top core can be imitated through the hydraulic cylinder position sensor 6 and the adjustment cylinder 7; on the other hand, after the hydraulic motor drives the crank 9 to rotate, the beating plate 14 is driven to reciprocate up and down along the guide rail 12 through the middle connecting rod 10. The disc spring 13 can adjust different preload forces to achieve different striking intensities, and the connecting rod 10 is a retractable connecting rod, which can adjust the beating amplitude.

[0026] The top core of the cotton is tender and crisp, the cotton leaves are stretched, higher than the top core, and have good flexibility; before the cotton is subjected to external mechanical action, it can maintain its original static state (except for the action of natural wind); when the cotton is hit from top to bottom with a small amplitude and rapid impact, the top core of the cotton breaks first, and the upper wide cotton leaves are hit and then automatically rebound, and the cotton leaves that supply nutrients to the top cotton are minimally damaged, meeting the requirements of cotton farmers.

[0027] The present invention is not limited to the specific technical solutions described in the above embodiments. In addition to the above embodiments, the present invention may also have other implementations. All technical solutions formed by equivalent replacement are within the protection scope required by the present invention.

Claims

1. A cotton topping device for suppressing damage to cotton leaves, characterized in that: include: A frame, a plant height sensing mechanism arranged in the frame, and a topping mechanism arranged at the front end of the frame; the topping mechanism is connected to the frame through parallel connecting rods, and the two ends of the parallel connecting rods are respectively hinged to the topping mechanism and the frame; a hydraulic cylinder is installed between the frame and the parallel connecting rods; the hydraulic cylinder can push the parallel connecting rods to move, thereby changing the height of the topping mechanism; the plant height sensing mechanism is composed of an imager and a controller, the signal output end of the imager is connected to the controller, and the controller drives the hydraulic cylinder; the topping mechanism includes a topping support, a crank arranged on the topping support, a connecting rod with one end hinged to the crank, and a beating plate assembly hinged to the other end of the connecting rod; the beating plate assembly includes a beating plate and a beating plate rod extending upward from the top of the beating plate; the top of the beating plate rod is hinged to the other end of the connecting rod; an elastic damping element is arranged between the beating plate and the support; the support limits the lateral displacement of the beating plate rod.

2. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The frame tail end is provided with a hanging ear.

3. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The crank is driven by a hydraulic motor.

4. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: A hydraulic cylinder position sensor is provided next to the hydraulic cylinder; the hydraulic cylinder position sensor outputs to the controller.

5. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The length of the connecting rod is adjustable.

6. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 1, characterized in that: The elastic damping element is a disc spring.

7. The cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage according to claim 6, characterized in that: The preload force of the disc spring can be adjusted.

8. A method for topping cotton using the cotton topping device for suppressing cotton leaf damage as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that :Before the cotton is subjected to external mechanical action, it can maintain its original static state; when the cotton is hit from top to bottom, the top core of the cotton breaks first, and the upper cotton leaves automatically rebound after being hit and hemmed.

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