Manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions and construction method

Abstract

The present application belongs to the field of building technology, and particularly relates to a manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions, and a construction method of the manhole. The manhole comprises a PC lighting cover, a stainless steel connecting piece, a sealing strip, a rotating shaft, a galvanized steel plate base, a right-angle pressing strip, a knob switch, a square steel tube, a hydraulic support rod and a connecting steel plate. The PC lighting cover is connected with the stainless steel connecting piece, and the stainless steel connecting piece is connected with the galvanized steel plate base through the rotating shaft. The manhole has the following advantages: (1) the chimney effect is utilized, and indoor dirty air can be discharged without consuming electric energy, so that natural ventilation is realized; (2) the PC lighting cover is dome-shaped, has strong anti-impact capacity and can realize self-cleaning function; and (3) natural lighting can be realized due to the diffuse reflection principle of the PC diffusion plate, and the light is uniform and soft, so that direct strong light and glare are avoided.

Description

TECHNICAL FIELD

[0001] The present application belongs to the technical field of building, and particularly relates to a manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions, and a construction method of the manhole. BACKGROUND

[0002] At present, the manhole on the roof usually adopts a hinge cover type, but when the manhole is large, the weight of the cover plate is obviously increased, thus causing difficulty in opening and closing the cover plate for the operator during the climbing process.

[0003] For example, patent document CN207499262U discloses a manhole cover structure in a house structure;

[0004] CN103711264A discloses a cover plate device of a manhole, which comprises a pair of rails symmetrically arranged on the manhole, and a cover plate capable of sliding along the rails; the rail is welded by a channel steel and an angle steel, the end portions of the two straight edges of the angle steel are located in the grooves of the channel steel, and the external corner of the angle steel is away from the groove.

[0005] The above manholes are all of the cover plate type structure, and so far, most of the manholes do not have the functions of natural ventilation and natural lighting. For the building indoor with poor lighting and ventilation, a mechanical ventilation system is usually used, and the mechanical ventilation system mostly only has a single ventilation function and does not have the function of natural lighting, and needs to consume a large amount of electric energy during operation. Even if the natural ventilation system is opened, the indoor ventilation effect is still not ideal due to poor air flow organization. On the other hand, lighting usually uses electric light, which also needs to consume a large amount of electric energy. Although a part of the design uses natural light, the transparent tempered glass is mostly used, which can form a spotlight and glare, and can also form a light circle in the indoor, affecting the indoor environment and ornamental value.

[0006] Therefore, it is necessary to improve the above-mentioned defects, and to invent a new manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions. SUMMARY

[0007] In order to solve the above technical problems, the present application provides a new manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions, which is provided with an automatic hydraulic support rod, and can realize automatic lifting of the cover plate. At the same time, a PC lighting cover is provided, which can realize the function of natural lighting, and can realize the functions of manhole and natural ventilation when opened.

[0008] The present application also provides a construction method of the above manhole.

[0009] The new manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions provided by the present application solves the above technical problems through the following technical solutions:

[0010] The manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions comprises a PC lighting cover, a stainless steel connecting piece, a sealing strip, a rotating shaft, a galvanized steel plate base, a right-angle pressing strip, a knob switch, a square steel pipe, a hydraulic support rod and a connecting steel plate; the PC lighting cover is detachably connected with the stainless steel connecting piece, and the stainless steel connecting piece is connected with the galvanized steel plate base through the rotating shaft.

[0011] The PC lighting cover is threadedly connected with the stainless steel connecting piece.

[0012] Preferably, the PC lighting cover is connected with the stainless steel connecting piece through a self-tapping screw.

[0013] Preferably, the connecting position of the PC lighting cover and the stainless steel connecting piece is filled with a water-impermeable material.

[0014] The PC lighting cover is made of a PC polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 3.5 mm, and the light transmittance of the PC lighting cover is greater than or equal to 85%.

[0015] The PC lighting cover is in a dome shape.

[0016] The surface of the PC lighting cover is provided with an anti-fog film.

[0017] Preferably, the surface of the PC lighting cover is provided with a plurality of semicircular protrusions.

[0018] Preferably, the surface of the PC lighting cover is provided with a plurality of wave-shaped grooves.

[0019] The galvanized steel plate base is formed by welding a galvanized steel plate, and the thickness of the galvanized steel plate base is 1.5 mm.

[0020] Preferably, the galvanized steel plate base is in a rectangular shape.

[0021] The lower portion of the stainless steel connecting piece is provided with the square steel pipe, and the upper portion of the square steel pipe is welded with the right-angle pressing strip.

[0022] The stainless steel connecting piece is provided with the sealing strip at the position in contact with the right-angle pressing strip.

[0023] The stainless steel connecting piece is provided with the rotating shaft between the stainless steel connecting piece and the right-angle pressing strip.

[0024] The stainless steel connecting piece is provided with the knob switch for controlling the opening or closing of the PC lighting cover.

[0025] The stainless steel connecting piece and the square steel pipe are respectively connected with the two ends of the hydraulic support rod.

[0026] The ventilation manhole is connected with the roof through the right-angle pressing strip and the connecting steel plate through bolts; preferably, the size of the right-angle pressing strip (6) is 40 mm x 40 mm x 3 mm, and the thickness of the connecting steel plate is 3 mm.

[0027] The construction method of the manhole with natural lighting and natural ventilation functions comprises the following steps:

[0028] (1) confirming the number and position of the manhole; (2) prefabricating each component; (3) installing square steel pipes and galvanized steel plate bases, and using right-angle battens and connecting steel plates to bolt the square steel pipes and the galvanized steel plate bases to roof purlins; (4) performing roof construction, and overlapping profiled steel plates on the roof purlins; (5) waterproof treatment: using PVC waterproof coiled material to directly and completely cover the galvanized steel plate bases; (6) using right-angle battens to press the roof PVC waterproof coiled material, and strengthening the connection between the manhole and the roof; (7) welding the through right-angle battens at the upper part of the square steel pipes, and covering the roof PVC waterproof coiled material; (8) installing PC light covers and stainless steel plate connecting pieces; and (9) installing hydraulic support rods and knob switches.

[0029] Compared with the existing manhole, the most significant difference of the manhole is that:

[0030] (1) the chimney effect is utilized, and indoor dirty air can be discharged without consuming electric energy, so that natural ventilation is realized;

[0031] (2) the PC light cover adopts a dome shape, has strong anti-impact capacity, and can realize self-cleaning function;

[0032] (3) due to the diffuse reflection principle of the PC diffusion plate, natural lighting can be realized, and the light is uniform and soft, so that direct strong light and glare are avoided;

[0033] (4) the automatic hydraulic support rod is arranged, and the cover plate can be automatically opened;

[0034] (5) compared with the same type of invention, the manhole has lower cost and is more convenient to construct. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF DRAWINGS

[0035] Figure 1 is a front elevation view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0036] Figure 2 is a left elevation view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0037] Figure 3 is a plan view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0038] Figure 4 is a 1-1 sectional view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0039] Figure 5 is a 2-2 sectional view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0040] Figure 6 is a 3-3 sectional view of embodiment 1 of the manhole;

[0041] Figure 7 This is a cross-sectional view of embodiment 1 of the present invention after opening;

[0042] Figure 8 This is a detailed view of the connection between components of Example 1 of the present invention.

[0043] In the figure, 1-PC skylight, 2-stainless steel connector, 3-sealing strip, 4-rotating shaft, 5-galvanized steel plate base, 6-right-angle pressure strip, 7-knob switch, 8-square steel pipe, 9-hydraulic support rod, 10-connecting steel plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0044] The present invention will be further described below with reference to the accompanying drawings and specific embodiments so that those skilled in the art can better understand the present invention, but the present invention is not limited thereto.

[0045] Example 1

[0046] A manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions has the following structure:

[0047] The manhole includes: a PC skylight 1, a stainless steel connector 2, a sealing strip 3, a rotating shaft 4, a galvanized steel plate base 5, a right-angle pressure strip 6, a knob switch 7, a square steel pipe 8, a hydraulic support rod 9 and a connecting steel plate 10;

[0048] The PC skylight 1 is connected to the stainless steel connector 2 by self-tapping screws;

[0049] The stainless steel connector 2 is connected to the galvanized steel plate base 5 via a rotating shaft 4 .

[0050] The connection between the PC skylight hood 1 and the stainless steel connector 2 is filled with water-proof material to prevent water from seeping near the skylight hood;

[0051] The material of the PC skylight hood 1 is a PC polycarbonate board with a thickness of 3.5 mm. The light transmittance of the PC skylight hood 1 is greater than or equal to 85%.

[0052] The PC skylight hood 1 is dome-shaped and has an anti-fog film on its surface. The surface of the PC skylight hood 1 has a plurality of hemispherical protrusions to increase the amount of light transmitted. When the incident angle of sunlight is less than 30°, it can also refract to provide sufficient light indoors.

[0053] The galvanized steel plate base 5 is formed by welding galvanized steel plates, and has a thickness of 1.5 mm. Its shape is a rectangle when viewed from above. In the accompanying drawings, the length is represented by L, the width is represented by B, and the height is represented by H.

[0054] A square steel tube 8 is provided below the stainless steel connector 2, and a right-angled strip 6 is welded to the upper portion of the square steel tube 8 to fix its position;

[0055] A sealing strip 3 is provided at the contact point between the stainless steel connector 2 and the right-angle bead 6, so that the contact point between the stainless steel connector 2 and the right-angle bead 6 is sealed to prevent water seepage or leakage;

[0056] A rotating shaft 4 is provided between the stainless steel connecting piece 2 and the right-angled pressure strip 6 .

[0057] A knob switch 7 is provided, and when the knob is turned, the PC skylight hood 1 can be opened.

[0058] The stainless steel connector 2 and the square steel tube 8 are respectively connected to the two ends of the hydraulic support rod 9. By setting the position and length of the hydraulic support rod 9, the opening angle can reach 70°.

[0059] The ventilation manhole is connected to the roof through a right-angle bead 6 and a connecting steel plate 10 by bolts and nuts. The right-angle bead 6 has a size of 40mm×40mm×3mm, and the connecting steel plate 10 has a thickness of 3mm.

[0060] Example 2

[0061] The difference from Example 1 is that the surface of the PC skylight hood 1 has multiple wavy grooves, which can smoothly divert rainwater on rainy days to prevent it from affecting natural lighting; and the above structure can obtain more light compared to a purely dome-shaped PC skylight.

[0062] Example 3

[0063] The difference from Example 1 is that the main material of the PC skylight is polycarbonate;

[0064] The PC skylight cover consists of a polycarbonate layer, a cellulose nanofiber layer, and an anti-fog film layer from bottom to top. The thickness ratio of the polycarbonate layer, the cellulose nanofiber layer, and the anti-fog film layer is 10:0.04:0.05.

[0065] The material of the anti-fog film on the surface of the PC skylight is 6 parts of urethane, 4 parts of butyl methacrylate, 0.25 parts of hollow nano-silica particles, 0.2 parts of anti-aging agent and antifreeze agent.

[0066] The PC skylight made of the above materials can absorb enough sunlight, and because of the anti-fog film, even if the indoor temperature is high, the PC skylight will not fog up and affect the natural lighting.

[0067] Example 4

[0068] According to GB50033-2013 "Architectural Lighting Design Standard", indoor measurements were conducted using the structures of Examples 1 to 3, and the results are as follows:

[0069] Daylight factor (%) Indoor natural light illuminance (lx) Example 1 3.922 376 Example 2 3.659 359 Example 3 3.967 378

[0070] From the data in the above table, in examples 1-3, the daylight factor reaches more than 3.6%, and the indoor natural light intensity reaches more than 359lx, which shows that the manhole with natural daylighting and natural ventilation functions of the application is used to realize the natural daylighting of the indoor, so that the light is uniformly and softly irradiated, avoiding the direct strong light and glare; the energy consumption consumed by using electric energy for daylighting is saved; and the natural ventilation function is also well realized, integrating natural daylighting and natural ventilation.

[0071] Especially in example 3, the PC light cover used is improved on the basis of example 1, and includes three layers in total, i.e. a polycarbonate layer, a cellulose nanofiber layer and an anti-fog film layer. The PC light cover composed of the above three layers not only has good daylighting effect, but also has excellent anti-fog effect, and to some extent, also enhances the anti-aging performance and anti-freezing performance of the PC light cover.

[0072] Example 5

[0073] The construction method of the manhole with natural daylighting and natural ventilation functions in example 1 comprises the following steps:

[0074] (1) confirming the number and position of the manhole; (2) prefabricating each component; (3) installing the square steel pipe and the galvanized steel plate base; using the right-angle batten and the connecting steel plate to bolt the square steel pipe and the galvanized steel plate base to the roof purlin; (4) performing roof construction, and overlapping the profiled steel plate on the roof purlin; (5) waterproof treatment: the roof uses PVC waterproof coiled material, which is directly laid on the galvanized steel plate base to wrap it completely; (6) using the right-angle batten to press the roof PVC waterproof coiled material to strengthen the connection between the manhole and the roof; (7) welding the through right-angle batten at the upper part of the square steel pipe to wrap the roof PVC waterproof coiled material; (8) installing the PC light cover and the stainless steel plate connecting piece; (9) installing the hydraulic support rod and the knob switch. The installation is completed.

Claims

1. A manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions, characterized in that: The manhole comprises: a PC skylight (1), a stainless steel connector (2), a sealing strip (3), a rotating shaft (4), a galvanized steel plate base (5), a right-angle pressure strip (6), a knob switch (7), a square steel pipe (8), a hydraulic support rod (9) and a connecting steel plate (10); the PC skylight (1) and the stainless steel connector (2) are detachably connected, and the stainless steel connector (2) is connected to the galvanized steel plate base (5) through the rotating shaft (4); the PC skylight (1) and the stainless steel connector (2) are threadedly connected; the connection between the PC skylight (1) and the stainless steel connector (2) is filled with a water-proof material, and the surface of the PC skylight (1) has a layer of The anti-fog film is provided, and the shape of the PC skylight (1) is dome-shaped. A square steel tube (8) is provided below the stainless steel connector (2), and a right-angled strip (6) is welded on the upper part of the square steel tube (8); a sealing strip (3) is provided at the contact point between the stainless steel connector (2) and the right-angled strip (6); a rotating shaft (4) is provided between the stainless steel connector (2) and the right-angled strip (6); a knob switch (7) is provided on the stainless steel connector (2) to control the opening or closing of the PC skylight (1); the surface of the PC skylight (1) has a plurality of hemispherical protrusions; in order to increase the amount of light transmitted, when the incident angle of sunlight is less than 30 degrees, it can also be refracted to obtain sufficient light indoors.

2. The manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The material of the PC skylight (1) is a PC polycarbonate plate with a thickness of 3.5 mm. The light transmittance of the PC skylight (1) is greater than or equal to 85%.

3. The manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The galvanized steel plate base (5) is formed by welding galvanized steel plates, and has a thickness of 1.5 mm; the galvanized steel plate base (5) is rectangular.

4. The manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The stainless steel connecting piece (2) and the square steel pipe (8) are respectively connected to the two ends of the hydraulic support rod (9).

5. The manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions as claimed in claim 1, characterized in that: The ventilation manhole is connected to the roof through a right-angled strip (6) and a connecting steel plate (10) by bolts; the right-angled strip (6) has a size of 40mm×40mm×3mm, and the connecting steel plate (10) has a thickness of 3mm.

6. The method for constructing a manhole with both natural lighting and natural ventilation functions as claimed in claim 1, comprising the following steps: (1) Confirm the number and location of manholes; (2) Prefabricate various components; (3) Install square steel pipes and galvanized steel plate bases; bolt the square steel pipes and galvanized steel plate bases to the roof purlins using right-angle strips and connecting steel plates; (4) Carry out roof construction and overlap the corrugated steel plates on the roof purlins; (5) Waterproof treatment: Use PVC waterproof membrane on the roof, directly lay it on and completely wrap the galvanized steel plate base; (6) Use right-angle strips to press the roof PVC waterproof membrane to strengthen the connection between the manhole and the roof; (7) Weld the full-length right-angle strip on the upper part of the square steel pipe to wrap the roof PVC waterproof membrane; (8) Install the PC skylight and stainless steel plate connectors; (9) Install the hydraulic support rod and knob switch.

Images