Modeling methods for controlled sources, cluster couplers, and single-port networks

Abstract

This invention relates to a method for modeling clustered controlled sources, clustered couplers, and single-port networks, belonging to the fields of circuit element models and circuit modeling methods. A clustered controlled source is a single-phase two-phase controlled source composed of single-phase controlled sources, with two special cases: complex controlled sources and dynamometer controlled sources, each with four types. A clustered coupler is composed of clustered controlled sources, with two types: clustered transceivers and clustered converters, each with three special cases: complex transceivers and dynamometers, complex converters and dynamometers, and complex converters and dynamometers. Each of these types has four special cases. A controlled source with external excitation is equivalent to an independent source of the same type. In an unexcited single-port network, the controlled source with external excitation is equivalent to a resistor or impedance; in an excited single-port network, the controlled source with external excitation is equivalent to an actual power source; and in an isolated circuit, the controlled source with external excitation is equivalent to an independent source. A controlled source has signal transformation and control functions, while a cluster coupler has parameter transformation and signal processing functions.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] This invention relates to a method for modeling controlled sources, cluster couplers, and single-port networks, particularly a method for modeling controlled sources constructed using single-phase controlled sources, cluster couplers constructed using controlled sources, and single-port circuit networks containing controlled sources and couplers using the superposition principle. It belongs to the fields of circuit element models and circuit modeling methods. Background Technology

[0002] With the development of society and technology, the application of circuits is becoming increasingly widespread. However, circuits are also becoming increasingly complex, evolving from simple parallel circuits, series-parallel conversion circuits, and triangular conversion circuits to super-complex circuits; from single-port circuit networks and two-port circuit networks to multi-port circuit networks; from single-phase circuits, two-wing circuits, and two-phase circuits to three-phase circuits and even multi-phase circuits; from static circuits and steady-state circuits to dynamic circuits; from cascaded circuits, coupled circuits, or transmission circuits to control circuits; from fully symmetrical circuits and quasi-symmetrical circuits to asymmetrical circuits; from linear circuits and nonlinear circuits to switching circuits and digital circuits. Circuits are developing rapidly, but this also brings enormous difficulties in circuit analysis, calculation, and design. Research on how to analyze circuits, improve circuit analysis principles, rules, and methods, construct a complete circuit analysis system, simplify circuits and reduce the difficulty of circuit design, reduce circuit complexity, and reduce circuit costs is of great significance.

[0003] The knowledge framework of circuits has three levels: the foundational layer, the methodological layer, and the application layer. Figure 1 As shown.

[0004] The foundational layer includes: basic physical quantities and their reference directions, nodal loops and Kirchhoff's laws, component branches and their current-voltage characteristics, and matrix representations of structural topology and constraint relationships. Among these, reference directions, Kirchhoff's laws, and current-voltage characteristics are known as the three core foundational knowledge points for circuit analysis and solution.

[0005] Table of symbols for the variables used in basic circuit physical quantities voltage and current:

[0006]

[0007] in: For the imaginary unit, we have: κ 2 =-1、κ 3 =-κ、κ 4 =1.

[0008] Commonly used two-terminal components include: ideal independent power sources, conversion elements, and ideal meters; ideal independent power sources include ideal independent voltage sources, ideal independent current sources, and ideal independent power sources; conversion elements include resistive elements and energy storage elements; resistive elements include positive resistance elements and negative resistance elements; energy storage elements include inductor elements and capacitor elements; ideal meters include ideal voltmeters, ideal ammeters, and universal wattmeters; a universal wattmeter is considered a combination of an ideal voltmeter and an ideal ammeter. In addition to power, it can also measure voltage and current. A universal wattmeter can measure any form of voltage, current, and power, as well as various required characteristic values.

[0009] Building a circuit network requires circuit components. The graphic symbols and classifications of the components at both ends of the circuit are as follows: Figure 2 As shown.

[0010] Circuit analysis often utilizes actual independent power supply components: actual independent voltage sources, actual independent current sources, and actual independent power supplies. The formation process of actual independent power supply components is as follows: Figure 3 As shown.

[0011] Building complex networks also requires meta-modules: two-port basic modules, ideally coupled modules, and ideally controlled source modules.

[0012] There are three types of ideal controlled source modules: ideal proportional controlled source, ideal integral controlled source, and ideal power controlled source.

[0013] Ideal proportional controlled source: Voltage-controlled voltage source VCVS, input-output relationship: u s =αu a Current-controlled current source CCCS, input-output relationship: i s =βi a Current-controlled voltage source (CCVS), input-output relationship: u s =ri a Voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), input-output relationship: i s =gu a The graphic symbols are as follows: Figure 4a , 4b As shown in 4c and 4d.

[0014] Ideal integral controlled source: Voltage integral voltage source (VIVS), input-output relationship: u s =F u ∫u a dt; Current Integrator Current Source CICS, Input-Output Relationship: i s =F i ∫i a dt; Current-integral voltage source CIVS, input-output relationship: u s =Ξ∫i adt; Voltage Integral Current Source VICS, Input-Output Relationship: i s =Γ∫u a dt; the graphic symbols are as follows: Figure 5a , 5b As shown in 5c and 5d.

[0015] Ideal controlled power modules not only enable the construction of circuits with complex functions, but also greatly increase the flexibility of circuit construction, playing a key role, especially in the construction of control circuits.

[0016] An ideal coupling module, also known as a coupler, is a two-port, bidirectional coupling element module. Couplers come in two types: transducers and trans-converters.

[0017] Primary and secondary side relationship of the transformer: p2=u2i2=αu1βi1=αβp1, the graphic symbol is as follows Figure 6 As shown, when αβ=1, i.e., p2=p1, it is called a covariator, and when αβ=-1, i.e., p2=-p1, it is called an inverter or reverse inverter.

[0018] Primary and secondary side relationship of the converter: p2=u2i2=ri1gu1=rgp1, graphic symbols as follows Figure 7 As shown, when rg = 1, i.e., p2 = p1, it is called a rotary, and when rg = -1, i.e., p2 = -p1, it is called a reverser or a reversing device.

[0019] The method layer consists of three basic methods for circuit analysis and solution: equivalent transformation method, correlation method, and theorem analysis method.

[0020] The equivalent transformation method, also known as the equivalent circuit method, utilizes the principle of equivalent transformation to transform a complex circuit step by step into a simpler circuit for solution. The solution is then used as known conditions to solve for the next step of the circuit reconstruction, and so on, until all the required results are obtained or the entire original circuit is solved. The equivalent transformation method is a physical method, and the equivalent transformation principles used include: series and parallel equivalent transformation of ideal power sources, source shifting rules for ideal power sources, series and parallel equivalent transformation of resistors or impedances, triangular equivalent transformation of resistors or impedances, mutual equivalent transformation of actual voltage sources and actual current sources, open-circuit and short-circuit extreme equivalent transformation, equivalent migration principle of ideal coupled module port networks, covariate joint equivalent principle, inverter base-reduction equivalent principle, covariate base-reduction equivalent principle, and ideal controlled source equivalent principle, etc.

[0021] The correlation method is a mathematical approach that solves for the circuit response by establishing KCL equations for independent nodes, KVL equations for basic loops, and VCR equations for branches, given the circuit parameters and excitations. Commonly used methods include: the basic correlation method, branch current method, branch voltage method, node potential method, cut-set potential method, mesh circulation method, loop current method, tree branch voltage method, and link current method. The correlation method solves for all responses of the entire circuit simultaneously; it is a mathematical method.

[0022] Theorem-based analytical method: This method uses deterministic principles, substitution theorems, superposition principles, Thevenin-Norton theorem, flyback-de-excitation principle, external power source analysis principle, inversion principle, power source separability principle or power source reuse principle, Tellegen's theorem (power conservation theorem and quasi-power conservation theorem), quasi-power balance principle, reciprocity theorem, duality principle, etc., to analyze and solve circuits.

[0023] Circuit theorems are an important part of the circuit knowledge system and an important method for circuit analysis and research. Among them, Tellegen's first theorem is the power conservation theorem, Tellegen's second theorem is the quasi-power conservation theorem, and the reciprocity theorem is the ultimate quasi-power balance principle for two-port circuits. The quasi-power balance principle is the bridge connecting Tellegen's second theorem and the reciprocity theorem.

[0024] Inversion principles: These include three principles: reference direction inversion principle, isolated circuit inversion principle, and port network inversion principle. They are important principles concerning circuit symmetry, namely, positive symmetry and antisymmetry.

[0025] Reference direction inversion principle: When both reference directions of voltage and current at both ends of the component are reversed, the relationship between the parameter and the physical quantity remains unchanged, and the power formula remains unchanged. However, if one of them is reversed, the relationship between the parameter and the physical quantity is reversed, and the power formula becomes negative. When both reference directions of voltage or current on both sides of a two-port network are reversed, the relationship between the parameter and the physical quantity remains unchanged, and the power formula remains unchanged. However, if the two reference directions of voltage and current on one side are reversed, the relationship is reversed, but the power formula remains unchanged.

[0026] Inversion principle of isolated circuits: Inverting all excitations inverts all responses. Corollary: Amplifying all excitations by a factor of N amplifies all responses by a factor of N; amplifying the magnitude of all excitations by a factor of N amplifies the magnitude of all responses by a factor of N; increasing the argument of all excitations... Then all response arguments also increase. When all parameters are real numbers, all excitations conjugate or antijugate, and therefore all responses are conjugate or antijugate. When all parameters are imaginary numbers, all excitations conjugate or antijugate, and therefore all responses are antijugate or conjugate. Excitations: voltage of an ideal voltage source, current of an ideal current source. Inverting all dimensioned parameters inverts the dimensioned elementary parameters; dimensionless elementary parameters remain unchanged. When all parameters are conjugate or antijugate, the elementary parameters are conjugate or antijugate. Elementary parameters: parameters or coefficients of each term in a polynomial based on the superposition principle.

[0027] Port network inversion principle: Inverting all parameters inverts the equivalent parameters; when all parameters are real, the conjugate or antijugate of all parameters inverts the equivalent parameters; when all parameters are imaginary, the conjugate or antijugate of all parameters inverts the equivalent parameters. Inverting all dimensioned parameters inverts all dimensioned equivalent parameters; dimensionless equivalent parameters remain unchanged; conjugate or antijugate of all parameters inverts all equivalent parameters. Parameters: Electromotive force of a voltage source, electromotive force of a current source. Dimensioned parameters: Dimensional parameters such as resistance, inductance, reactance, impedance or conductance, capacitance, susceptance, and admittance. Dimensionless parameters: Dimensionless parameters such as proportionality coefficient, voltage amplification factor, current amplification factor, and power amplification factor.

[0028] The application layer includes the analysis of static circuits, steady-state circuits, and dynamic circuits. Static circuits consist of a power supply and resistors. Steady-state circuits consist of a simple harmonic or multi-harmonic AC power supply and resistors, inductors, and capacitors. Dynamic circuits consist of a step DC power supply, a step AC power supply, a function power supply, or an impulse power supply and resistors, inductors, capacitors, and switching elements.

[0029] In circuit structure analysis, the entire circuit is composed of branches, which are divided into three types: unit branch, series branch, and parallel branch. A series branch is formed by connecting components at both ends in series, while a parallel branch is formed by connecting components at both ends in parallel. Each branch has two external terminals. A branch terminal and its connecting wires are considered a single point, called a node. The closed path formed by the branches is called a loop.

[0030] Port networks consist of branches, and during circuit operation, there is power exchange between port networks or external circuits; independent circuits consist of port networks, and there is no power exchange between independent circuits and other circuits, but there is information exchange; isolated circuits consist of independent circuits, and there is neither power exchange nor information exchange between isolated circuits and other circuits. The hierarchical structure of a circuit is shown in the diagram below. Figure 8 As shown, the circuit's hierarchical structure diagram is as follows: Figure 9 As shown.

[0031] Based on their composition, circuit networks can be divided into two types: unexcited networks and excited networks. Unexcited networks are networks that do not contain ideal independent power sources or separately excited controlled power sources; excited networks are networks that contain ideal independent power sources or separately excited controlled power sources. Therefore, a passive network is always an unexcited network, and an excited network is always an active network, but the reverse is not necessarily true.

[0032] Depending on the degree of similarity, two circuits can be classified into three categories: similar, equivalent, and identical. Similar circuits can be further categorized into three types: circuits with the same topology, circuits with the same geometries, and circuits with the same external characteristics. Circuits with the same topology: two circuits with the same topology; circuits with the same geometries: two circuits that are equivalent after de-excitation; circuits with the same external characteristics: two circuits that are identical after de-excitation; equivalent circuits: two circuits with the same external characteristics.

[0033] Based on their symmetry, circuits can be divided into two types: symmetrical circuits and asymmetrical circuits. Symmetrical circuits are those with symmetrical structures, meaning they have the same topology and equal parameters. Asymmetrical circuits are those with asymmetrical structures, meaning they have different topologies or unequal parameters. Based on their harmonic components, symmetrical circuits can also be divided into simple harmonic symmetrical circuits and multi-harmonic symmetrical circuits. Simple harmonic symmetrical circuits are those with simple harmonic single-sequence excitation, meaning they have a single frequency and a single phase sequence. Multi-harmonic symmetrical circuits are those with multi-harmonic multi-sequence excitation, meaning they have multiple frequencies or multiple phase sequences.

[0034] Two-phase circuits are the most basic form of circuits, consisting of two sets of circuits that are spatially perpendicular and orthogonal, with identical form and topology. When represented in single-phase form, a two-phase circuit is called a cluster circuit, with parameters called cluster number and physical quantities that are complex numbers. The formation of a cluster circuit is as follows: Figure 10 As shown. When the structure is represented in single-phase form, a symmetrical two-phase circuit is called a complex circuit, and its parameters and physical quantities are all complex numbers.

[0035] Two-phase resistance, conductance, reactance, susceptance, impedance, and admittance, when expressed in single-phase form, are respectively called cluster resistance, cluster conductance, cluster reactance, cluster susceptance, cluster impedance, and cluster admittance. These can be decomposed into two parts: positive-sequence symmetrical and negative-sequence symmetrical, respectively called complex resistance, complex conductance, complex reactance, complex susceptance, complex impedance, and complex admittance. The relationship between cluster parameters, complex parameters, and kernel parameters is as follows: Figure 11a , 11b , Figure 12a , 12b , Figure 13a , 13b As shown.

[0036] Common two-phase physical quantities and their effective values:

[0037] ü(t)=u x (t)+κu y (t)=U(t)∠α(t),

[0038]

[0039] Definitions of instantaneous complex power and average complex power for ordinary two-phase physical quantities:

[0040] ü(t)=U(t)∠α(t),

[0041]

[0042] S(t)=U(t)I(t), ψ(t)=α(t)-β(t), P(t)=S(t)cos[ψ(t)], Q(t)=S(t)sin[ψ(t)]

[0043]

[0044] A symmetrical two-phase circuit, also known as a two-phase circuit with a symmetrical structure, is represented in single-phase form as a complex circuit. Depending on the harmonic components, complex circuits can be classified into simple harmonic complex circuits and multi-harmonic complex circuits. In an AC simple harmonic complex circuit, the excitation is a swirl quantity, and all responses are also swirl quantities of the same frequency. In a multi-harmonic complex circuit, the excitation or response is a superposition of multiple swirl quantities of different frequencies or phase sequences.

[0045] Operations on complex circuits:

[0046] 1. Simple harmonic slew alternating current and its effective value:

[0047]

[0048]

[0049] Multiharmonic alternating currents and their effective values:

[0050]

[0051]

[0052] 2. Average complex power of a simple harmonic slew alternating current:

[0053]

[0054]

[0055] S=UI, ψ=α-β, P=S cos(ψ), Q=S sin(ψ)

[0056] Average complex power of multiharmonic alternating current:

[0057]

[0058] 3. Addition and subtraction of simple harmonic alternating current quantities:

[0059]

[0060]

[0061] Addition and subtraction of harmonic alternating currents:

[0062]

[0063]

[0064] 4. Definitions of impedance and admittance of simple harmonic cyclotron AC quantities:

[0065]

[0066]

[0067] The impedance and admittance of the multi-harmonic alternating current are:

[0068]

[0069]

[0070] Typically, impedance or admittance is nonlinear with respect to angular frequency; that is, impedance or admittance is a nonlinear function of angular frequency.

[0071] The voltage and current of a multi-harmonic periodic function, that is, a voltage and current with multiple frequency points, each frequency point corresponding to an impedance or admittance, can be obtained by connecting the frequency points into a piecewise line or by curve fitting.

[0072] 5. The relationship between simple harmonic spherical alternating current quantities voltage and current is as follows:

[0073]

[0074]

[0075] The relationship between harmonic alternating current and voltage is as follows:

[0076]

[0077]

[0078] Using piecewise linear or curve fitting to find the angular frequency function of impedance or admittance is an engineering method. Although it is not as complete as the expression of impedance or admittance obtained by mechanistic modeling, this engineering method is particularly suitable for modeling real-world objects, especially complex objects that cannot be modeled by mechanistic modeling.

[0079] Dynamic circuit analysis: time-domain analysis, differential operator method, convolution analysis, frequency-domain analysis, and complex frequency-domain analysis.

[0080] Time-domain transient analysis methods for first-order dynamic circuits: typical circuit method, three-element method, three-component method, and five-component method.

[0081] The typical circuit method, the three-component method, and the five-component method are also applicable to transient analysis of second-order and higher-order dynamic circuits.

[0082] In practical circuits, port networks often contain controlled sources or are equivalent to containing controlled sources. How to make controlled sources equivalent in a single-port network, whether controlled sources in a multi-port network can also be equivalent, or how to determine whether controlled sources in a port network can be equivalent to ideal power sources, actual power sources, resistors, or impedances is a fundamental task with great application value.

[0083] Constructing complex two-phase transmission circuit networks requires two-phase element modules: two-phase ideal controlled source modules and two-phase ideal couplers. How to construct these two-phase element modules is crucial for two-phase circuits. Furthermore, in two-phase control circuits, understanding how to equate the two-phase controlled sources and two-phase couplers in the two-phase port network, and how to simplify the analysis and solution, is also important. Clarifying the organizational structure of the controlled sources within the port network is therefore highly significant. Summary of the Invention

[0084] The technical problem to be solved by this invention is:

[0085] 1. Cluster controlled sources, complex controlled sources, and eutectic controlled sources constructed using single-phase controlled sources;

[0086] 2. Cluster couplers, complex couplers, eccentric couplers, and tandem couplers constructed using cluster controlled sources;

[0087] 3. Modeling methods for single-phase single-port networks and complex single-port networks containing a single controlled source and multiple controlled sources;

[0088] 4. Modeling methods for clustered single-port networks and complex single-port networks containing a single controlled source and multiple controlled sources or couplers.

[0089] This invention provides a method for modeling controlled sources, cluster couplers, and single-port networks.

[0090] The technical problem to be solved by the present invention is achieved through the following technical solution.

[0091] A proportionally controlled source has a control input complex port and a power output complex port;

[0092] The proportionally controlled source consists of four control relationships: s = λa, with parameters λ and λa respectively. 11 , λ 12 , λ 21 With λ 22 Composed of similar single-phase proportional controlled sources, single-phase proportional controlled source λ 11 The control input port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 21The control input ports are connected to form the first control input port of the proportionally controlled source, a single-phase proportionally controlled source λ. 12 The control input port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 22 The control input ports are connected to form the second control input port of the cluster proportional controlled source, and the two control input ports of the cluster proportional controlled source are combined into a single control input complex port; the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 11 The power output port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 12 The power output ports are connected to form the first power output port of the proportionally controlled source, a single-phase proportionally controlled source λ. 21 The power output port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 22 The power output ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected to form the second power output port of the proportional controlled source. The two power output ports of the proportional controlled source are combined into a single power output port. The voltage input ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected in parallel, and the current input ports are connected in series. The voltage output ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected in series, and the current output ports are connected in parallel. The control relationship of the proportional controlled source thus formed is as follows: The parameters are in:

[0093] There are four types of proportionally controlled sources: cluster voltage-controlled voltage source, cluster current-controlled current source, cluster current-controlled voltage source, and cluster voltage-controlled current source. The control relationship of the cluster voltage-controlled voltage source is as follows: i.e., parameters Control relationship of current source controlled by current cluster i.e., parameters Control relationship of current-controlled voltage source i.e., parameters Control relationship of voltage-controlled current source i.e., parameters

[0094] Concentration of controlled sources Right now For a complex proportioned controlled source, Right now For Ecuadorian proportion controlled source;

[0095] Voltage control voltage source Right now It is a complex voltage control voltage source. Right now For the control voltage source of the Ehrlich voltage;

[0096] Cluster current control current source, Right now It is a complex current control current source. Right now The current source is controlled by the current source.

[0097] Current-controlled voltage source Right now It is a complex current-controlled voltage source. Right now For current-controlled voltage source;

[0098] Voltage-controlled current source Right now It is a complex voltage-controlled current source. Right now It is a voltage-controlled current source.

[0099] A cluster coupler containing a cluster ratio controlled source has a primary-side complex port and a secondary-side complex port;

[0100] Cluster couplers are composed of cluster proportionally controlled sources and come in two types: cluster transducers and cluster converters.

[0101] The cluster transducer is controlled by a cluster voltage source. and a cluster current control current source The system consists of a control input complex port ü1 of a voltage source controlled by a voltage source and a power output complex port ü1 of a current source controlled by a current source. Connected in parallel as the primary side complex port of the cluster transformer, and the control input complex port of the cluster current control current source. The power output complex port ü2 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected in series as the secondary complex port of the cluster transformer; or the cluster transformer consists of a cluster voltage control voltage source. and a cluster current control current source Composition, control input complex port of the current source controlled by the current. The power output complex port ü1 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected in series as the primary side complex port of the cluster transformer. The control input complex port ü2 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected to the power output complex port of the cluster current control current source. And connected as the secondary side of the cluster transformer;

[0102] The control relationship of the assembled interconnects is as follows: The parameters are

[0103] Cluster converter consists of two cluster current-controlled voltage sources. and The first cluster current-controlled voltage source control input complex port is configured as follows: The power output complex port ü1 of the second cluster current-controlled voltage source is connected in series as the primary-side complex port of the cluster converter, and the control input complex port of the second cluster current-controlled voltage source is also connected in series. The power output complex port ü2 of the first cluster current-controlled voltage source is connected in series as the secondary complex port of the cluster converter; or the cluster converter consists of two cluster voltage-controlled current sources. and The configuration consists of the control input complex port ü1 of the second cluster voltage-controlled current source and the power output complex port of the first cluster voltage-controlled current source. Connected in parallel to the primary-side complex port of the cluster converter, the control input complex port ü2 of the first cluster voltage-controlled current source and the power output complex port of the second cluster voltage-controlled current source are also connected. And connected as the secondary side of the cluster converter;

[0104] The control relationship of the constructed cluster interchange is as follows: The parameters are

[0105] A cluster coupler is a complex coupler consisting of two complex proportionally controlled sources, a ker proportionally controlled source consisting of two ker proportionally controlled sources, and a tandem coupler consisting of one complex proportionally controlled source and one ker proportionally controlled source.

[0106] Cluster transducer, Right now For complex transformers, Right now For Erker transducer, Right now or Right now This is a human-powered transformer;

[0107] Cluster converter, Right now For complex converters, Right now For EK converter, Right now or Right now This is a human-human converter.

[0108] Complex transformer For complex covariates, For complex inverters, This is a complex left-hand converter. This is a right-hand converter;

[0109] Eötv transducer For Euclidean covariance, For the inverter, This is an Erzman converter. This is a right-hand converter;

[0110] Complex converter For a rotary actuator, For reverse inverter, This is a double left turner. This is a right turner;

[0111] Euclidean converter For Ehrlich, For the inverter, This is a left-hand turner. This is the right-hand turner.

[0112] A single-port network modeling method containing a complex proportionally controlled source with a single self-excited bundle proportionally controlled source is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is equivalent to the actual power supply or impedance admittance through calculation. It is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to single-phase circuits but also to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits.

[0113] Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0114] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity

[0115] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0116] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is:

[0117] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0118] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply;

[0119] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance;

[0120] Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0121] A single-port network modeling method containing multiple self-excited cluster proportionally controlled sources or cluster couplers is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is equivalent to the actual power supply or impedance admittance. This method is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to single-phase circuits but also to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits.

[0122] Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0123] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N;

[0124] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0125] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity If the inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, then the proportionality coefficient of the controlled source's control quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N;

[0126] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0127] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources;

[0128] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances;

[0129] Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0130] A single-port network modeling method containing a single self-excited bundle proportional controlled source is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is equivalent to the actual power supply or impedance admittance. It is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits but also to asymmetrical two-phase circuits or bundle circuits.

[0131] Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0132] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity

[0133] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0134] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is:

[0135] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0136] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply;

[0137] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance;

[0138] Step 8: The entire cluster of excited single-port networks is equivalent to an actual power source, and the entire cluster of unexcited single-port networks is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0139] A single-port network modeling method containing multiple self-excited cluster proportional controlled sources or cluster couplers is proposed. By measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, the controlled power supply is equivalent to the actual power supply or impedance admittance through calculation. It is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits but also to asymmetrical two-phase circuits or cluster circuits.

[0140] Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation;

[0141] Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N;

[0142] Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is

[0143] Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, and the controlled power supply is set to the apparent excitation. The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N;

[0144] Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is:

[0145] Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources;

[0146] Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances;

[0147] Step 8: The entire cluster of excited single-port networks is equivalent to an actual power source, and the entire cluster of unexcited single-port networks is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0148] A coupler consists of a pair of dual controlled sources and is a two-port, bidirectional coupling module. Couplers come in two types: transformers and converters. A single transformer, also known as an inter-transformer, consists of a voltage-controlled voltage source and a current-controlled current source, such as... Figure 14 As shown; a single-phase converter, or simply converter, consists of two current-controlled voltage sources or two voltage-controlled current sources, such as... Figure 15 As shown.

[0149] Two-phase controlled sources are composed of single-phase controlled sources and are classified into two types: two-phase proportional controlled sources and two-phase integral controlled sources. Each type has four variations and is an important module for constructing two-phase circuits. When a two-phase controlled source is represented in single-phase form, it is called a cluster controlled source. Cluster controlled sources are two-port unidirectional control elements and also include cluster proportional controlled sources and cluster integral controlled sources. Cluster proportional controlled sources... The formation of Figure 16 As shown, the voltage source is controlled by a voltage cluster. Cluster current control current source Current-controlled voltage source and cluster voltage control current source The formation of each is as follows: Figure 17a , 17b As shown in 17c and 17d. Bundle integral controlled source The formation of Figure 18 As shown, cluster voltage integral voltage source Cluster current integral current source Current-integral voltage source and cluster voltage integral current source The graphic symbols are as follows: Figure 19a , 19b As shown in 19c and 19d.

[0150] The single-phase form of a two-phase controlled source is called a cluster controlled source; the single-phase form of a positive-sequence symmetrical two-phase controlled source is called a complex controlled source; and the single-phase form of an anti-sequence symmetrical two-phase controlled source is called a hysteresis controlled source.

[0151] Two-phase coupling modules, also known as two-phase couplers, are composed of two-phase controlled sources. They have very strong conversion capabilities and come in two forms: two-phase inverters and two-phase converters. Each form has several special cases, such as positive-sequence symmetrical two-phase couplers, reverse-sequence symmetrical two-phase couplers, and dual-sequence symmetrical two-phase couplers.

[0152] When a two-phase coupler is represented in single-phase form, it is called a cluster coupler. A cluster coupler is also a two-port, bidirectional coupling module, and it comes in two forms: cluster transceivers and cluster converters. The single-phase form of a two-phase coupler is a cluster transceiver. The single-phase form of a positive-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a complex transceiver, the single-phase form of a negative-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a Hertz transceiver, and the single-phase form of a double-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a π transceiver. Similarly, the single-phase form of a two-phase converter is a cluster converter. The single-phase form of a positive-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a complex transceiver, the single-phase form of a negative-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a Hertz transceiver, and the single-phase form of a double-sequence symmetrical two-phase coupler is a π transceiver. A cluster coupler is directly constructed from pairs of cluster controlled sources, while a cluster transceiver is constructed from two cluster controlled sources connected in a cross-parallel or series-parallel configuration, such as... Figure 20 As shown, a cluster converter consists of two cluster controlled sources connected in series or in parallel, such as... Figure 21 As shown.

[0153] There are four special cases of complex transformers: complex covariates, complex inverters, complex left-hand transformers, and complex right-hand transformers; there are four special cases of RC transformers: RC covariates, RC inverters, RC left-hand transformers, and RC right-hand transformers.

[0154] There are four special cases of the multiple rotator: multiple rotary, multiple reverse rotary, multiple left rotary, and multiple right rotary; there are four special cases of the Eötvös interrotator: Eötvös rotary, Eötvös reverse rotary, Eötvös left rotary, and Eötvös right rotary.

[0155] In single-phase circuits, both parameters and physical variables are real numbers; hence, single-phase circuits are also called real circuits. In multiphase circuit analysis, two-phase circuits are a crucial foundation. The relationships between two-phase variables are often represented in matrix form, which is standardized and consistent. However, two-phase circuits and their matrix representations are relatively complex, especially since symmetry is not readily apparent. Two-phase circuits exist in both symmetrical and asymmetrical forms. A symmetrical two-phase circuit in single-phase form is called a complex circuit, where both parameters and physical variables are complex numbers. An asymmetrical two-phase circuit in single-phase form is called a cluster circuit, where parameters are represented by cluster numbers and physical variables by complex numbers.

[0156] Complex numbers: Combinations of two real numbers, one real and one imaginary. A number whose imaginary part includes the imaginary unit κ is called an imaginary number. The imaginary unit is treated as a constant in operations, and κ... 2 =-1, complex numbers correspond to planar vectors, therefore they have the same properties as planar vectors.

[0157] Properties of complex numbers:

[0158] 1. Representation of complex numbers:

[0159] 2. Conjugate of complex numbers:

[0160] 3. Addition and subtraction of complex numbers:

[0161] 4. Multiplication and division of complex numbers:

[0162] 5. Conjugate operations:

[0163] Cluster number: The number of combinations of two complex numbers, one with the original part and the other with the Euclidean part. The Euclidean part with the conjugate operator @ is called an Euclidean number, such as... It is called the original part or the shaft part. It is called the yoke or eclipse part. This refers to the eutectic number or the conjugate number. A cluster number is a generic number containing the conjugate operator @, which is also called the conjugate factor @@ = 1. The conjugate operator @ is a right-hand operator that only transforms the cluster number or complex number and variable on its right, but has no effect on the number or variable on its left. Cluster numbers can be regarded as generalized complex number operators.

[0164] Universal numbers: consist of universal numbers and operator identifiers. During the operation, the operator identifiers are treated as operators and do not have the commutative property of multiplication.

[0165] A common number consists of a constant and a characteristic identifier. During the operation, the characteristic identifier is treated as a constant and has the commutative property of multiplication.

[0166] Properties of cluster numbers:

[0167] 1. Conjugate of clusters: Original part conjugation, Euclidean part conjugation;

[0168] 2. Cyclic Numbers: The original part is conjugate, and the eugenol part is inverted;

[0169] 3. Addition and subtraction of cluster numbers: Additions and subtractions to the original part and the part of the 'E'; and:

[0170] 4. Multiplication of cluster numbers: The product is a cluster number; it does not possess the commutative property. But it possesses the associative law. and: but:

[0171] 5. The pattern of cluster numbers: The difference between the squares of the original part and the modulus of the Euclidean part;

[0172] 6. The reciprocal of a cluster number: The chiral of the cluster number divided by the modulus, where:

[0173] 7. Multiplying a cluster number by a complex number: The product is a complex number, and It does not possess the commutative law But it possesses the associative law.

[0174] 8. Analysis of cluster numbers: special case:

[0175] The single-port network modeling method is applicable to both static and steady-state circuits. In static circuits, the controlled source refers to the proportionally controlled source, while in steady-state circuits, the controlled source includes both proportionally controlled sources and integrally controlled sources.

[0176] Companion quantities: The voltage and current of the same component, the same branch, or the same port are called companion quantities. The relationship between the reference directions of two companion quantities is called the correlation relationship.

[0177] The controlled source consists of a sensor and a controlled power supply. The sensor, which is an ideal voltmeter or ammeter, senses the control quantity of the controlled source. Controlled power supply output; output quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Control relationship between output and control quantity

[0178] Control quantity of a single-phase proportional controlled source Output and output of partner quantity and control relationships VCVS CCCS CCVS, VCCS

[0179] Control quantity of a multiproportional controlled source Output and output of partner quantity and control relationships VCVS CCCS CCVS, VCCS

[0180] Control quantity of proportional controlled source Output and output of partner quantity and control relationships VCVS CCCS CCVS, VCCS

[0181] Controlled sources in circuits or networks exist in two forms: convergent and discrete. Converged: Within the same circuit or network, the output of the controlled source influences the input control quantity through an external circuit, forming a closed-loop feedback. Discrete: Not within the same circuit or network, the input control quantity of the controlled source depends entirely on other excitations. In convergent mode, the controlled source is called self-excited; in discrete mode, it is called externally excited.

[0182] There are two methods for handling controlled sources in circuits or networks: the overall method and the separate method. The overall method treats the controlled source as a whole as a conversion element; the separate method separates the sensor and the controlled power supply of the controlled source, and treats the controlled power supply as an independent power source with unknown excitation.

[0183] There are two modeling methods for circuits or networks containing controlled sources: effect modeling and structural modeling. Effect modeling treats the controlled source as a transformation element, retaining it throughout the analysis, solution, and measurement calculations. An equivalent circuit with the same effect is obtained through equivalent transformations and the derivation of basic circuit relationships. Structural modeling separates the sensor and controlled power source of the controlled source, treating the controlled power source as an independent source with unknown excitation. This is equivalent to transforming a control circuit containing a controlled source or a transmission circuit containing a coupler into a GPRS circuit without a controlled source or coupler. Then, the control relationship between the controlled source's output and control quantity is inserted to obtain the complete circuit signal control structure, which is then solved. Structural modeling typically uses signal flow graphs to represent the control relationships between signals. The signal flow graphs of an unexcited single-port network and an excited single-port network containing a single controlled source are shown below. Figure 22a , 22b As shown, the signal flow graphs of an unexcited single-port network and an excited single-port network containing multiple controlled sources are as follows: Figure 23a , 23b As shown.

[0184] The controlled source consists of a sensor and a controlled power supply, forming a single conversion module. When separated, the controlled power supply is considered an independent power source with unknown excitation. Separately excited controlled source: The controlled power supply is considered an independent power source with unknown excitation. Separately excited controlled source means that the controlled source's control quantity and output quantity are fed-back, i.e., open-loop, without feedback. The sensor and the controlled power supply belong to different independent circuits, and the controlled power supply is considered an independent power source with unknown excitation, such as... Figure 24a , 24b As shown.

[0185] Controlled self-excitation: In an isolated circuit, all states are determined. Controlled self-excitation is a closed-loop feedback, where the control quantity of the controlled source is determined. Excited by circuit and the output of the controlled source Completely determined, the output of the controlled source is the controlled power supply. In an isolated circuit, a controlled power source is equivalent to an independent power source.

[0186] In a single-port unexcited network containing a single controlled source, the port excitation quantity... or The controlled power source is considered as an independent power source with unknown excitation. or According to the superposition principle, the control quantity of the controlled source... Partner quantity of controlled source output This allows us to obtain the relationship between the number of partners and the output. In a single-port unexcited network, a controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or impedance; the entire single-port unexcited network containing the controlled source can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance, such as... Figure 25a , 25b As shown.

[0187] In a single-port excited network containing a single controlled source, the excitation quantity applied to the port... or The controlled power source is considered as an independent power source with unknown excitation. or According to the superposition principle, the control quantity and output quantity of the controlled source are... Partner quantity of controlled source output This allows us to obtain the relationship between the number of partners and the output. In a single-port energized network, the controlled source is equivalent to a real power source; the entire single-port energized network containing the controlled source or coupler can be equivalent to a real power source, such as... Figure 26a , 26b As shown.

[0188] In a single-port unexcited network containing multiple controlled sources, the port excitation quantity... or The controlled power source is considered as an independent power source with unknown excitation. or According to the superposition principle, the control quantity and output quantity of the controlled source are... Partner quantity of controlled source output This allows us to obtain the relationship between the number of partners and the output. In a single-port unexcited network, the controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or impedance; a coupler consists of a pair of sensors and a controlled source with the controlled power supply crosswise placed on the primary and secondary sides. Therefore, both the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances. Thus, the entire single-port unexcited network containing controlled sources or couplers can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance; where: n = 1 to N, m = 1 to M, M = N. For example... Figure 27a As shown.

[0189] In a single-port excited network containing multiple controlled sources, the excitation quantity applied to the port... or The controlled power source is considered as an independent power source with unknown excitation. or According to the superposition principle, the control quantity and output quantity of the controlled source are... Partner quantity of controlled source output This allows us to obtain the relationship between the number of partners and the output. In a single-port energized network, the controlled source is equivalent to the actual power source.

[0190] A coupler consists of a pair of sensors and a controlled power source crosswise placed on the primary and secondary sides. Therefore, both the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are equivalent to actual power sources, and the entire single-port energized network containing controlled sources or couplers can be equivalent to an actual power source. For example... Figure 27b As shown.

[0191] In a single-port network, both the control quantity and the output companion quantity of the controlled source are functions of the port excitation quantities. Therefore, the output quantity of the controlled source is also a function of the port excitation quantities. By substituting and eliminating the port excitation quantities, a direct relationship between the output quantity and the output companion quantity can be obtained, thus the controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor, impedance, or actual power supply. In a two-port or multi-port network, the output quantity and the output companion quantity of the controlled source are functions of two or more port excitation quantities. It is impossible to simultaneously eliminate two or more port excitation quantities, and therefore, a direct relationship between the output quantity and the output companion quantity cannot be obtained, making equivalent transformation impossible. Couplers consist of two paired controlled sources, and their equivalent situation differs similarly between single-port and two-port or multi-port networks.

[0192] The principle of equivalent single-port circuit networks: In a single-port unexcited network, the self-excited controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or impedance, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances. That is, a single-port unexcited network containing a controlled source or coupler can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance. In a single-port energized network, the self-excited controlled source is equivalent to an actual power source, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to an actual power source. That is, a single-port energized network containing a controlled source or coupler can be equivalent to an actual power source.

[0193] Cluster controlled sources constructed using single-phase controlled sources possess complex signal transformation and control functions, while cluster couplers constructed using cluster controlled sources possess complex signal transformation and computation functions, greatly enhancing the circuit's signal processing capabilities. For networks containing controlled sources and couplers, the single-port network modeling method models from the perspective of signal structure, which can completely analyze the signal states within the network and yield beneficial conclusions such as unexcited single-port networks being equivalent to resistors or impedances, and excited single-port networks being equivalent to actual power sources. Attached Figure Description

[0194] Figure 1 The knowledge framework of circuits;

[0195] Figure 2 Classification of commonly used two-terminal components;

[0196] Figure 3 A diagram showing the relationship between actual voltage sources, actual current sources, and actual power supplies;

[0197] Figure 4a , 4b Ideal proportional controlled sources: 4c, 4d graphic symbols for voltage-controlled voltage source, current-controlled current source, current-controlled voltage source, and voltage-controlled current source;

[0198] Figure 5a , 5b Ideal integral controlled sources: 5c, 5d graphical symbols for voltage integral voltage source, current integral current source, current integral voltage source, and voltage integral current source;

[0199] Figure 6 Graphical symbol for an interconverter;

[0200] Figure 7 Graphical symbol for an interchange;

[0201] Figure 8 The hierarchical structure of a circuit;

[0202] Figure 9 The structural hierarchy of a circuit;

[0203] Figure 10 A schematic diagram of a two-phase circuit forming a cluster circuit;

[0204] Figure 11a , 11b Complex resistance, kerf resistance and cluster resistance formed by two single-phase resistors; complex conductance, kerf conductance and cluster conductance formed by two single-phase conductances.

[0205] Figure 12a , 12b Complex reactance, eutectic reactance, and cluster reactance composed of two single-phase reactances; complex susceptance, eutectic susceptance, and cluster susceptance composed of two single-phase susceptances;

[0206] Figure 13a , 13b Complex impedance, accretion impedance and cluster impedance formed by two single-phase impedances; complex admittance, accretion admittance and cluster admittance formed by two single-phase admittances.

[0207] Figure 14 A single-phase inverter constructed using a single-phase proportionally controlled source;

[0208] Figure 15 A single-phase phase inverter constructed using a single-phase proportionally controlled source;

[0209] Figure 16 Cluster-proportioned controlled sources are constructed using single-phase proportioned controlled sources;

[0210] Figure 17a , 17b 17c and 17d are constructed using the same type of single-phase controlled source, which are cluster voltage controlled voltage source, cluster current controlled current source, cluster current controlled voltage source, and cluster voltage controlled current source.

[0211] Figure 18 Constructing cluster integral controlled sources using single-phase integral controlled sources;

[0212] Figure 19a , 19b Graphical symbols for bundle voltage integral voltage source, bundle current integral current source, bundle current integral voltage source, and bundle voltage integral current source; 19c, 19d

[0213] Figure 20 Cluster transducers constructed using cluster controlled sources;

[0214] Figure 21 Cluster converter constructed using cluster controlled sources;

[0215] Figure 22a , 22b Signal flow graphs of an unexcited single-port network and an excited single-port network containing a single controlled source;

[0216] Figure 23a , 23b Signal flow graphs of unexcited single-port networks and excited single-port networks containing multiple controlled sources;

[0217] Figure 24a , 24b An ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source of the same type.

[0218] Figure 25a , 25b In an unexcited single-port network, a self-excited ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or conductance.

[0219] Figure 26a , 26bIn an excited single-port network, a self-excited plus separately excited ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to a real power source;

[0220] Figure 27a , 27b In a single-port network, multiple self-excited ideal proportionally controlled sources are equivalent to impedances, admittances, or actual power sources.

[0221] Figure 28 A complex proportional controlled source is constructed using a single-phase proportional controlled source;

[0222] Figure 29a , 29b 29c and 29d use the same type of single-phase proportional controlled source to construct a complex voltage controlled voltage source, a complex current controlled current source, a complex current controlled voltage source, and a complex voltage controlled current source;

[0223] Figure 30 A complex integral controlled source is constructed using a single-phase integral controlled source;

[0224] Figure 31 A ker ratio controlled source is constructed using a single-phase ratio controlled source;

[0225] Figure 32a , 32b 32c and 32d use the same type of single-phase proportional controlled source to construct a voltage source controlled by hysteresis voltage, a current source controlled by hysteresis current, a voltage source controlled by hysteresis voltage, and a current source controlled by hysteresis voltage.

[0226] Figure 33 A eutectic integral controlled source is constructed using a single-phase integral controlled source;

[0227] Figure 34a , 34b Complex transformers are constructed using a complex proportional controlled source, and erg proportional controlled sources are constructed using an erg proportional controlled source;

[0228] Figure 35a , 35b A complex interconverter is constructed using a complex proportional controlled source, and a Caeles interconverter is constructed using a Caeles proportional controlled source;

[0229] Figure 36a , 36b An ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source of the same type.

[0230] Figure 37a , 37b In an unexcited single-port network, a self-excited ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or conductance.

[0231] Figure 38a , 38b In an excited single-port network, a self-excited plus separately excited ideal proportional controlled source is equivalent to a real power source;

[0232] Figure 39a, 39b In an isolated circuit, an ideal proportionally controlled source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source.

[0233] Figure 40a , 40b Four non-isolated ideal proportional controlled sources, 40c and 40d, are implemented by operational amplifiers. Detailed Implementation

[0234] The present invention will now be described in detail with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0235] Example 1

[0236] Controlled sources and controlled sources

[0237] The complex proportional controlled source consists of four single-phase proportional controlled sources of the same type, such as... Figure 28 As shown, the four single-phase controlled sources are divided into two groups. The two controlled sources in the first group have the same control coefficient of λ0, and perform parallel transformations on the x-channel and y-channel signals respectively. The second group of two controlled sources has opposite control coefficients, -λ1 and λ1 respectively, which are used to perform cross-transformation on the x-channel and y-channel signals respectively: Two sets of single-phase controlled source voltage inductors connected in parallel can be considered as one voltage inductor, and two sets of single-phase controlled source voltage source outputs connected in series can be considered as one controlled voltage source, and two sets of single-phase controlled source current source outputs connected in parallel can be considered as one controlled current source. The input-output relationship of the complex proportional controlled source is as follows: Right now:

[0238] The construction of complex voltage-controlled voltage sources, complex current-controlled current sources, complex current-controlled voltage sources, and complex voltage-controlled current sources is as follows: Figure 29a , 29b As shown in 29c and 29d.

[0239] Correspondingly, the complex integral controlled source consists of four single-phase integral controlled sources of the same type, such as... Figure 30 As shown.

[0240] The proportional control source consists of four single-phase proportional control sources of the same type, such as... Figure 31 As shown, the four single-phase controlled sources are divided into two groups. The two controlled sources in the first group have opposite control coefficients, λ0 and -λ0, respectively, which perform parallel transformations on the x-channel and y-channel signals. The second group of two controlled sources have the same control coefficient, λ1, and perform cross-transformation on the x-channel and y-channel signals respectively: Two sets of single-phase controlled source voltage inductors connected in parallel can be considered as one voltage inductor, and two sets of single-phase controlled source voltage source outputs connected in series can be considered as one controlled voltage source, and two sets of single-phase controlled source current source outputs connected in parallel can be considered as one controlled current source. The input-output relationship of the complex proportional controlled source is as follows: Right now:

[0241] The construction of a Dipper voltage-controlled voltage source, a Dipper current-controlled current source, a Dipper current-controlled voltage source, and a Dipper voltage-controlled current source is as follows: Figure 32a , 32b As shown in 32c and 32d.

[0242] Correspondingly, the Ehrlich integral controlled source consists of four single-phase integral controlled sources of the same type, such as... Figure 33 As shown.

[0243] Example 2

[0244] Complex transformers and RC transformers

[0245] The complex transformer consists of a parameter of Complex voltage control voltage source and a parameter of The complex current-controlled current source is cross-connected, such as Figure 34a As shown, the control relationship of the complex voltage control voltage source is as follows: The control relationship of the complex current-controlled current source is as follows The cross-connection constitutes the coupling relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the complex transformer. Complex transformer when When it is a complex covariator, When it is a complex inverter, when When it is a complex left converter, when This is the time when it becomes a right-hand converter.

[0246] The Ehrlich transducer has a parameter of The voltage source controlled by the voltage source and a parameter is The current source controlled by the current source is cross-connected, such as Figure 34b As shown, the control relationship of the voltage source controlled by the voltage source is as follows: The control relationship of the current source controlled by the current source is as follows: The cross-connection constitutes the coupling relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the Eötv transformer. Interchange transformer When it is called a covariant, when When it is an inverter, When it is the left-hand converter, when This is the right-hand converter.

[0247] Example 3

[0248] Complex and Hertzian converters

[0249] The complex converter has two parameters respectively and The complex current-controlled voltage source is cross-connected, as follows: Figure 35a As shown, the control relationships of the two complex current-controlled voltage sources are as follows: The cross-connection constitutes the coupling relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the complex converter. Complex converter when When it is a rotary valve, When it is a reversible circuit, when When it is a left turn, when This is the right turn mechanism.

[0250] The Eötv converter has two parameters, namely and The current-controlled voltage sources are cross-connected, as follows: Figure 35b As shown, the control relationships of the two current-controlled voltage sources are as follows: The cross-connection constitutes the coupling relationship between the primary and secondary sides of the complex converter. Euclidean converter The time is the Ehrlich gyroscope, when When is the inverter, when When it is the left turner, when The time is the right turner.

[0251] Example 4

[0252] It is subject to the equivalent of source control.

[0253] A controlled source consists of a sensor and a controlled power supply. The controlled source circuit is as follows: Figure 36a , 36b As shown, the sensor and the controlled power supply belong to two different independent circuits. The controlled power supply is separately excited, u s =λa or i s =λa, the controlled power source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source of the same type with respect to the circuit. s or i s .

[0254] The principle of equivalent excitation for an ideal controlled source: The control quantity of an ideal controlled source is entirely determined by the excitation of other independent sources, and is independent of its own output and its peers. Therefore, the ideal controlled source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source of the same type: u s =k u U S +rI S i s =k i I S +gU SThat is, an ideal controlled source is equivalent to an ideal independent power source of the same type.

[0255] Example 5

[0256] Modeling of unexcited single-port networks with a single controlled source

[0257] The sensor and controlled power supply of the controlled source are in the same non-excitation single-port network, such as... Figure 37a As shown, the output quantity u of the controlled power supply s =λa, the control quantity λ of the controlled source sensed by the sensor. -1 u s =a=k au u s +k ap p, output companion quantity i s =k iu u s +k ip p, that is: A controlled power supply is equivalent to a conductance. Therefore, an unexcited single-port network can be equivalent to a single conductance.

[0258] like Figure 37b As shown, the output quantity i of the controlled power supply s =λa, the control quantity λ of the controlled source sensed by the sensor. -1 i s =a=k ai i s +k ap p, output companion quantity u s =k ui i s +k up p, that is: A controlled power supply is equivalent to a resistor. Therefore, the non-excitation single-port network can be equivalent to a resistor.

[0259] In AC circuits, a controlled power supply is equivalent to an impedance or admittance, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to an impedance or admittance.

[0260] The ideal controlled source is equivalent to the excitation principle: In an unexcited single-port network, the control quantity and output companion quantity of an ideal controlled source are determined by its own output quantity and the port excitation quantity. By eliminating the port excitation quantity, the relationship between the output companion quantity and the control quantity is obtained, that is, the ratio between the output companion quantity and the output quantity. The ideal controlled source is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

[0261] Example 6

[0262] Modeling of stimulated single-port networks with a single controlled source

[0263] The sensor and controlled power supply of the controlled source are in the same activated single-port network, such as... Figure 38a As shown, the output quantity u of the controlled power supply s =λa, the control quantity λ of the controlled source sensed by the sensor. -1 u s =a=k au u s +k ap p+k aw W, output companion quantity i s =k iu u s +k ip p+k iw W, that is: A controlled power supply is equivalent to a resistor. With a voltage source The series connection of the two leads to the fact that the single-port network can be equivalent to a practical voltage source.

[0264] like Figure 38b As shown, the output quantity i of the controlled power supply s =λa, the control quantity λ of the controlled source sensed by the sensor. -1 i s =a=k ai i s +k ap p+k aw W, output companion quantity u s =k ui i s +k up p+k uw W, that is: A controlled power supply is equivalent to a conductance. With a current source The parallel connection of the two leads to the fact that the excited single-port network can be equivalent to a practical current source.

[0265] In an AC circuit, a controlled power supply is equivalent to an actual AC power supply, and the entire energized single-port network is equivalent to an actual AC power supply.

[0266] The principle of equivalent excitation and other excitation for an ideal controlled source: In an excited single-port network, the control quantity and output companion quantity of an ideal controlled source are jointly determined by its own output quantity, port excitation quantity and excitation of other independent sources. By eliminating the port excitation quantity, the relationship between the output companion quantity and the control quantity and the excitation of independent power sources can be obtained, that is, the linear function relationship between the output companion quantity and the output quantity and the excitation of independent power sources. An ideal controlled source with self-excitation and other excitation is equivalent to an actual power source.

[0267] Example 7

[0268] Equivalent of a controlled source in an isolated circuit

[0269] A controlled source consists of a sensor and a controlled power supply, such as Figure 39a , 39b As shown, according to the power multiplexing principle, the port voltage or current can be separated separately, and the remaining circuit is an isolated circuit. The sensor and the controlled power supply belong to the same energized circuit, λ -1 u s =a=k au u s +k aw W→u s =(λ -1 -k au ) -1 k aw W=U S or λ -1 i s =a=k ai i s +k aw W→i s =(λ -1 -k ai ) -1 k aw W = I S The controlled source is excited, and the controlled power supply is equivalent to an ideal independent power supply U in the circuit it is in. S or I S .

[0270] Ideal controlled source self-excitation equivalent principle: In an isolated circuit, the output companion quantity of an ideal controlled source is determined by its own output quantity and the excitation of other independent sources. An ideal controlled source self-excitation is equivalent to an ideal independent power supply.

[0271] Non-isolated controlled source circuits implemented using operational amplifiers, such as Figure 40a , 40b As shown in 40c and 40d.

Claims

1. A proportionally controlled source, having a control input complex port and a power output complex port; characterized in that: The proportionally controlled source consists of four control relationships: s = λa, with parameters λ and λa respectively. 11 , λ 12 , λ 21 With λ 22 Composed of similar single-phase proportional controlled sources, single-phase proportional controlled source λ 11 The control input port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 21 The control input ports are connected to form the first control input port of the proportionally controlled source, a single-phase proportionally controlled source λ. 12 The control input port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 22 The control input ports are connected to form the second control input port of the cluster proportional controlled source, and the two control input ports of the cluster proportional controlled source are combined into a single control input complex port; the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 11 The power output port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 12 The power output ports are connected to form the first power output port of the proportionally controlled source, a single-phase proportionally controlled source λ. 21 The power output port is connected to the single-phase proportional controlled source λ 22 The power output ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected to form the second power output port of the proportional controlled source. The two power output ports of the proportional controlled source are combined into a single power output port. The voltage input ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected in parallel, and the current input ports are connected in series. The voltage output ports of the two single-phase proportional controlled sources are connected in series, and the current output ports are connected in parallel. The control relationship of the proportional controlled source thus formed is as follows: The parameters are in: The four specific forms of proportionally controlled sources are: voltage-controlled voltage source (VCVS), input-output relationship: u s =αu a Current-controlled current source CCCS, input-output relationship: i s =βi a Current-controlled voltage source (CCVS), input-output relationship: u s =ri a Voltage-controlled current source (VCCS), input-output relationship: i s =gu a ; There are four types of proportionally controlled sources: cluster voltage-controlled voltage source, cluster current-controlled current source, cluster current-controlled voltage source, and cluster voltage-controlled current source. The control relationship of the cluster voltage-controlled voltage source is as follows: i.e., parameters Control relationship of current source controlled by current cluster i.e., parameters Control relationship of current-controlled voltage source i.e., parameters Control relationship of voltage-controlled current source i.e., parameters 2. The cluster-proportion-controlled source according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cluster ratio controlled source, Right now For a complex proportion of controlled sources, Right now For Ecuadorian proportion controlled source; The aforementioned cluster voltage control voltage source, Right now It is a complex voltage control voltage source. Right now For the control voltage source of the Ehrlich voltage; The aforementioned cluster current control current source Right now It is a complex current control current source. Right now The current source is controlled by the current source. The aforementioned current-controlled voltage source, Right now It is a complex current-controlled voltage source. Right now For current-controlled voltage source; The aforementioned voltage-controlled current source, Right now It is a complex voltage-controlled current source. Right now It is a voltage-controlled current source.

3. A cluster coupler comprising a cluster ratio-controlled source as described in claim 1 or 2, having a primary-side complex port and a secondary-side complex port; characterized in that: The cluster coupler is composed of the cluster ratio controlled source and has two types: cluster transducer and cluster converter. The cluster transducer is controlled by a cluster voltage source. and a cluster current control current source The system consists of a control input complex port ü1 of a voltage source controlled by a voltage source and a power output complex port ü1 of a current source controlled by a current source. Connected in parallel as the primary side complex port of the cluster transformer, and the control input complex port of the cluster current control current source. The power output complex port ü2 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected in series as the secondary complex port of the cluster transformer; or the cluster transformer consists of a cluster voltage control voltage source. and a cluster current control current source Composition, control input complex port of the current source controlled by the current. The power output complex port ü1 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected in series as the primary side complex port of the cluster transformer. The control input complex port ü2 of the cluster voltage control voltage source is connected to the power output complex port of the cluster current control current source. It is connected as the secondary side of the cluster transformer; The control relationship of the assembled interconnects is as follows: The parameters are Cluster converter consists of two cluster current-controlled voltage sources. and The first cluster current-controlled voltage source control input complex port is configured as follows: The power output complex port ü1 of the second cluster current-controlled voltage source is connected in series as the primary-side complex port of the cluster converter, and the control input complex port of the second cluster current-controlled voltage source is also connected in series. The power output complex port ü2 of the first cluster current-controlled voltage source is connected in series as the secondary complex port of the cluster converter; or the cluster converter consists of two cluster voltage-controlled current sources. and The configuration consists of the control input complex port ü1 of the second cluster voltage-controlled current source and the power output complex port of the first cluster voltage-controlled current source. Connected in parallel to the primary-side complex port of the cluster converter, the control input complex port ü2 of the first cluster voltage-controlled current source and the power output complex port of the second cluster voltage-controlled current source are also connected. And connected as the secondary side of the cluster converter; The control relationship of the constructed cluster interchange is as follows: The parameters are 4. The cluster coupler according to claim 3, characterized in that: The aforementioned cluster coupler is a complex coupler consisting of two complex proportional controlled sources, which includes two types: complex transceivers and complex transconverters; a ker-coupler consisting of two ker-proportional controlled sources, which also includes two types: ker-proportional transceivers and ker-transverters; and a tandem coupler consisting of one complex proportional controlled source and one ker-proportional controlled source, which also includes two types: tandem transceivers and tandem transconverters. The aforementioned cluster transducer, Right now For complex transformers, Right now For EKG transducers, Right now or Right now This is a human-powered transformer; The aforementioned cluster converter, Right now For complex converters, Right now For Erk converter, Right now or Right now This is a human-human converter.

5. The cluster coupler according to claim 4, characterized in that: The aforementioned complex transformer For complex covariators, For complex inverters, This is a complex left-hand converter. This is a complex right-hand converter; The aforementioned Eötv converter For Euclidean covariance, For the inverter, This is an Erzman converter. This is a right-hand converter; The aforementioned complex converter For a rotary actuator, For reverse inverter, This is a double left turner. This is a right turner; The aforementioned Eötv converter For the rotary, For the inverter, This is a left-hand turner. This is the right-hand turner.

6. A method for modeling a single-port network containing a complex proportionally controlled source as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the controlled power supply is equivalent to an actual power supply or impedance admittance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, and is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to single-phase circuits but also to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits; characterized in that: Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation; Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is: Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply; Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance; Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

7. A single-port network modeling method for a complex proportionally controlled source containing multiple self-excited clusters of proportionally controlled sources as described in claim 1 or 2, or a complex coupler of clusters of couplers as described in claim 3, 4, or 5, wherein the controlled power supply is equivalent to an actual power supply or impedance admittance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, and is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to single-phase circuits but also to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits; characterized in that: Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation; Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N; Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity If the inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, then the proportionality coefficient of the controlled source's control quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N; Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is: Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources; Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances; Step 8: According to the Thevenin-Norton theorem, the entire excited single-port network is equivalent to a real power source, and the entire unexcited single-port network is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

8. A method for modeling a single-port network containing a single self-excited cluster proportionally controlled source as described in claim 1 or 2, wherein the controlled power supply is equivalent to an actual power supply or impedance admittance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, and is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits but also to asymmetrical two-phase circuits or cluster circuits; characterized in that: Step 1: Controlled source controlled by sensing control quantity Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation; Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. Controlled power supply apparent excitation set to zero Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: Linearity of controlled source output companion quantity with respect to controlled source output quantity and port excitation quantity Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to an actual power supply; Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, the polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the output quantity under arbitrary port excitation is: That is, a controlled power supply can be equivalent to a resistor or impedance; Step 8: The entire cluster of excited single-port networks is equivalent to an actual power source, and the entire cluster of unexcited single-port networks is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

9. A single-port network modeling method containing multiple self-excited cluster proportional controlled sources as described in claim 1 or 2, or cluster couplers as described in claim 3, 4, or 5, wherein the controlled power supply is equivalent to an actual power supply or impedance admittance by measuring the control quantity and output companion quantity of the controlled source, and is applicable not only to DC circuits but also to AC circuits, and not only to symmetrical two-phase circuits or complex circuits but also to asymmetrical two-phase circuits or cluster circuits; characterized in that: Step 1: The coupler adopts a dual-controlled-source model, that is, the activated single-port network contains N controlled sources; the controlled sources are controlled by sensing variables. Sensor and display output The controlled power supply is configured such that the controlled power supply is considered an independent power supply with unknown excitation, and the output quantity is... For perceived motivation; Step 2: A single-port network with an independent power supply exists. Port zeroing All controlled power supplies are apparent to be zeroed. The control quantity of the controlled source is measured. and output of partner quantity Where: n = 1 to N; Step 3: Zero all independent power supply excitations. All controlled power supplies are assumed to be zero under excitation. Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity Port stimulation Measure the control quantity of the controlled source and output of partner quantity The proportionality coefficient of the control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the port excitation is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the port excitation is Step 4: Set all independent power supply excitations to zero. Port zeroing Controlled power supply setting apparent excitation The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The inactive controlled power supply is set to zero, and the controlled power supply is set to the apparent excitation. The control quantities of all controlled sources are measured individually. and output of partner quantity The control quantity of the controlled source with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: The proportionality coefficient of the output companion quantity with respect to the apparent excitation of the controlled power supply is: Where: m = 1 to M, M = N; Step 5: Based on the superposition principle, the linear polynomial function of the controlled source control quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity can be obtained as follows: The linear polynomial function of the controlled source output companion quantity with respect to the controlled source output quantity and the port excitation quantity is: Step 6: The control relationship between the output of the controlled source and the control quantity is as follows: Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power sources are equivalent to actual power sources, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to actual power sources; Step 7: A single-port network without activation has no independent source within it, i.e. but Therefore Relationship between output quantity and port excitation quantity Relationship between output peer quantity and port excitation quantity Therefore, we obtain the following polynomial function of the peer quantity of the controlled source output under arbitrary port excitation with respect to its own controlled source output: That is, all controlled power supplies are equivalent to resistors or impedances, and the primary and secondary sides of the coupler are also equivalent to resistors or impedances; Step 8: The entire cluster of excited single-port networks is equivalent to an actual power source, and the entire cluster of unexcited single-port networks is equivalent to a resistor or impedance.

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