An electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structured nanofibers

Abstract

The present invention relates to a coaxial electrostatic spinning device, in particular to an electrostatic spinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers, and belongs to the technical field of electrostatic spinning. The present invention relates to an electrostatic spinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers, comprising a combined spinneret, a liquid supply device, a liquid storage chamber, a receiving plate and a high-voltage electrostatic generating device, wherein the liquid supply device comprises a core layer liquid supply device and a shell layer liquid supply device; the liquid storage chamber comprises a core layer liquid storage chamber and a shell layer liquid storage chamber, and the core layer liquid storage chamber is placed inside the shell layer liquid storage chamber; the core layer liquid supply device is connected to the core layer liquid storage chamber through a pipeline, and the shell layer liquid supply device is connected to the shell layer liquid storage chamber through a pipeline, the combined spinneret comprises a needle tube, the needle tube is located above the core layer liquid storage chamber, a narrow slot is provided on the shell layer liquid storage chamber, a metal wire is provided in the needle tube, a receiving plate is provided above the narrow slot, the receiving plate is grounded, and the high-voltage electrostatic generating device is connected to the metal wire.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to a coaxial electrostatic spinning device, in particular to an electrostatic spinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers, belonging to the technical field of electrostatic spinning. Background Art

[0002] Nanofiber materials prepared by electrospinning technology have shown very important application value in many fields such as biomedicine, filtration, catalysis, energy, etc. due to their ultra-high specific surface area, high porosity and excellent mechanical properties. Compared with traditional single-structure nanofibers, coaxial structure nanofibers have greater performance advantages in many fields such as controlled drug release, tissue engineering, nanosensors, catalysis, etc., and their commercial value and market potential are huge, which has attracted extensive attention from academia and industry.

[0003] The traditional nested coaxial electrospinning technology is composed of two coaxially configured capillaries nested with each other. During coaxial electrospinning, the shell layer and core layer spinning solutions are supplied by two different injection pumps respectively. Under the action of a high-voltage electrostatic field, functionalized core-shell structured nanofibers can be prepared. However, the yield of core-shell structured nanofibers prepared using this technology is low, and mass production of core-shell structured nanofibers cannot be achieved, which hinders the commercial application of core-shell structured nanofiber materials. At present, research on mass preparation of core-shell structured nanofibers by coaxial electrospinning has made certain breakthroughs, but there are still certain problems. For example, Qin Xiaohong et al. (patent number: ZL201310586614.8) used a stepped needleless spinneret to achieve batch preparation of core-shell structured nanofibers. However, the spinning liquid surface is completely open, and there are problems such as the volatility of the spinning liquid surface solvent during the electrospinning process; Wu Huihui et al. (patent number: ZL201410037884.8) used a flat free liquid surface coaxial electrospinning method with upward spinning. By increasing the number of core needles and changing the core liquid, multifunctional composite fibers with more uniform structure can be prepared in batches. However, the increase in the number of core needles will cause the problem of electric field interference, and there is also the problem of the volatility of the spinning liquid surface solvent during the spinning process. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the present invention is to solve the problem of low efficiency in preparing coaxial structured nanofibers by the existing coaxial electrospinning technology, and to provide an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structured nanofibers. A large number of coaxial structured jets are formed simultaneously by the combined spinneret in the device, which can greatly improve the efficiency of preparing coaxial structured nanofibers by electrospinning technology.

[0005] To achieve the above object, the present invention is achieved through the following technical solutions:

[0006] An electrostatic spinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers comprises a combined spinneret, a liquid supply device, a liquid storage chamber, a receiving plate and a high-voltage electrostatic generating device, wherein the liquid supply device comprises a core layer liquid supply device and a shell layer liquid supply device; the liquid storage chamber comprises a core layer liquid storage chamber and a shell layer liquid storage chamber, wherein the core layer liquid storage chamber is arranged inside the shell layer liquid storage chamber; the core layer liquid supply device is connected to the core layer liquid storage chamber via a pipeline, and the shell layer liquid supply device is connected to the shell layer liquid storage chamber via a pipeline, the combined spinneret comprises a needle tube, wherein the needle tube is located above the core layer liquid storage chamber, a narrow slot is arranged on the shell layer liquid storage chamber, a metal wire is arranged in each of the needle tubes, a receiving plate is arranged above the narrow slot, the receiving plate is grounded, and the high-voltage electrostatic generating device is connected to the metal wire.

[0007] The axial shape of the slot is linear or curved, and the width of the slot is 2-10 mm.

[0008] The needle tubes are evenly distributed at equal intervals and heights, the top of the needle tube is 2-4 mm higher than the top of the slot, the diameter of the needle tube is 1-5 mm, and the center distance between adjacent needle tubes is 4-20 mm.

[0009] The top end of the metal wire is 2mm-5mm higher than the top end of the needle tube, and the diameter of the metal wire is 0.1mm-2mm.

[0010] The nuclear layer liquid supply device is communicated with the nuclear layer liquid storage cavity, and the nuclear layer liquid storage cavity is communicated with the needle tube.

[0011] The metal wire is a copper metal wire; the needle tube, the core layer liquid storage cavity and the shell layer liquid storage cavity are all made of insulating materials; and the receiving plate is made of metal material.

[0012] The solution in the core layer liquid supply device and the core layer liquid storage cavity is a polyacrylonitrile solution with a mass fraction of 14%, and the solution in the shell layer liquid supply device and the shell layer liquid storage cavity is a polyurethane solution with a mass fraction of 12%.

[0013] The mass fraction of the polyacrylonitrile solution is 14%, and the mass fraction of the polyurethane solution is 12%.

[0014] The electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structured nanofibers of the present invention has the following beneficial effects:

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention combines the slot-type free liquid surface with the needle tube type, and a high-voltage electrostatic field is generated by the solid metal wire in the needle tube. The insulating material of the needle tube greatly reduces the degree of electric field interference between the metal wires. The inner core spinning solution of the needle tube protrudes upward under the action of the electric field force to form a Taylor cone and then generates a jet. Then, when the liquid level of the shell spinning solution in the slot is higher than the top of the needle tube, the inner core spinning solution of the needle tube drives the shell spinning solution to protrude together to form a coaxial structure Taylor cone, and finally forms a coaxial structure jet, avoiding the defect of low efficiency of preparing coaxial structure nanofibers with traditional nested needles, and avoiding the shortcoming of easy volatility of spinning solutions in most needle-free coaxial electrospinning technologies. The device is easy to operate, has strong controllability, and high production efficiency, and can realize the mass production of coaxial structure nanofibers. The present invention combines needle-free technology with needle technology to achieve efficient preparation of coaxial structure nanofibers. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0016] Figure 1 This is a schematic structural diagram of an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structured nanofibers according to the present invention;

[0017] Figure 2 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a shell layer liquid supply device and a shell layer liquid storage chamber in an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 3 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a core layer liquid supply device and a core layer liquid storage cavity in an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the structure of a metal wire and a high-voltage electrostatic generating device in an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers according to the present invention;

[0020] Figure 5 It is a schematic structural diagram of an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers according to the present invention when the narrow slot is a curved narrow slot;

[0021] Figure 6 This is a transmission electron microscope image of coaxial structure nanofibers prepared by an electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers of the present invention.

[0022] Among them, 1. shell layer liquid supply device; 2. core layer liquid supply device; 3. core layer liquid storage cavity; 4. shell layer liquid storage cavity; 5. narrow groove; 6. needle tube; 7. metal wire; 8. high voltage static electricity generating device; 9. receiving plate. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0023] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with specific embodiments. It should be understood that these embodiments are only used to illustrate the present invention and are not intended to limit the scope of the present invention. In addition, it should be understood that after reading the content taught by the present invention, those skilled in the art can make various changes or modifications to the present invention, and these equivalent forms fall within the scope limited by the appended claims of the application equally.

[0024] Example 1

[0025] use Figure 1 The electrospinning device shown in the figure is used for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers. The core layer (in the core layer liquid supply device 2 and the core layer liquid storage chamber 3) solution uses a polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution with a mass fraction of 14%, and the shell layer (in the shell layer liquid supply device 1 and the shell layer liquid storage chamber 4) solution uses a polyurethane (PU) solution with a mass fraction of 12%. The core layer liquid supply device 2 is set to supply liquid to the core layer liquid storage chamber 3, so that polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution appears at the top of the needle tube 6, and the voltage of the high-voltage electrostatic generator 8 is adjusted to 20kV to form a large number of stable uniaxial structure jets; then the shell layer liquid supply device 1 is set to supply liquid to the shell layer liquid storage chamber 4, so that polyurethane (PU) solution appears at the top of the slit 5 and gradually covers the polyacrylonitrile (PAN) solution at the top of the needle tube 6. At this time, the voltage of the high-voltage generator is gradually increased to 45kV, so that the combined spinneret produces a large number of coaxial jets. The transmission electron microscope image of the coaxial structure nanofiber prepared by this method is shown in FIG. Figure 6 shown.

[0026] Figure 1 An electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structure nanofibers is shown, comprising a combined spinneret, a liquid supply device, a liquid storage chamber, a receiving plate 9 and a high-voltage electrostatic generating device 8, wherein the liquid supply device comprises a core layer liquid supply device 2 and a shell layer liquid supply device 1; the liquid storage chamber comprises a core layer liquid storage chamber 3 and a shell layer liquid storage chamber 4, and the core layer liquid storage chamber 3 is placed inside the shell layer liquid storage chamber 4; the core layer liquid supply device 2 is connected to the core layer liquid storage chamber 3 through a pipeline, and the shell layer liquid supply device 1 is connected to the shell layer liquid storage chamber 4 through a pipeline, the combined spinneret comprises a needle tube 6, the needle tube 6 is located above the core layer liquid storage chamber 3, a narrow groove 5 is provided on the shell layer liquid storage chamber 4, a metal wire 7 is provided in the needle tube 6 (the metal wire 7 is a solid metal wire), a receiving plate 9 is provided above the narrow groove 5, the receiving plate 9 is grounded, and the high-voltage electrostatic generating device 8 is connected to the metal wire 7.

[0027] The axial shape of the slot 5 is a straight line, and the width of the slot 5 is 2-10 mm.

[0028] The needle tubes 6 are evenly distributed at equal intervals and heights, the top of the needle tube 6 is 2-4 mm higher than the top of the slot 5, the diameter of the needle tube 6 is 1-5 mm, and the center distance between adjacent needle tubes 6 is 4-20 mm.

[0029] The top end of the metal wire 7 is 2 mm to 5 mm higher than the top end of the needle tube 6 , and the diameter of the metal wire 7 is 0.1 mm to 2 mm.

[0030] The nuclear layer liquid supply device 2 is communicated with the nuclear layer liquid storage chamber 3 , and the nuclear layer liquid storage chamber 3 is communicated with the needle tube 6 .

[0031] The metal wire 7 is a copper metal wire; the needle tube 6, the core layer liquid storage cavity 3, and the shell layer liquid storage cavity 4 are all made of insulating materials; and the receiving plate 9 is made of metal material.

[0032] Example 2

[0033] The rest is the same as in Example 1, except that the axial shape of the slot 5 is a curve. Figure 5 )

[0034] The above embodiments are only used to explain the inventive concept of the present invention, rather than to limit the protection of the rights of the present invention. Any non-substantial changes to the present invention using this concept shall fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electrospinning device for efficiently preparing coaxial structured nanofibers, characterized in that: It comprises a combined spinning head, a liquid supply device, a liquid storage chamber, a receiving plate and a high-voltage electrostatic generating device, wherein the liquid supply device comprises a core layer liquid supply device and a shell layer liquid supply device; the liquid storage chamber comprises a core layer liquid storage chamber and a shell layer liquid storage chamber, wherein the core layer liquid storage chamber is arranged inside the shell layer liquid storage chamber; the core layer liquid supply device is connected to the core layer liquid storage chamber through a pipeline, and the shell layer liquid supply device is connected to the shell layer liquid storage chamber through a pipeline; the combined spinning head comprises a needle tube, wherein the needle tube is located above the core layer liquid storage chamber, a narrow slot is arranged on the shell layer liquid storage chamber, a metal wire is arranged inside the needle tube, a receiving plate is arranged above the narrow slot, the receiving plate is grounded, and the high-voltage electrostatic generating device is connected to the metal wire; The axial shape of the slot is linear or curved, and the width of the slot is 2-10 mm; the needle tubes are evenly distributed at equal intervals and heights, the top of the needle tube is 2-4 mm higher than the top of the slot, the diameter of the needle tube is 1-5 mm, and the center distance between adjacent needle tubes is 4-20 mm; The top of the metal wire is 2mm-5mm higher than the top of the needle tube, and the diameter of the metal wire is 0.1mm-2mm; The nuclear layer liquid supply device is in communication with the nuclear layer liquid storage cavity, and the nuclear layer liquid storage cavity is in communication with the needle tube; The metal wire is a copper metal wire; the needle tube, the core layer liquid storage cavity, and the shell layer liquid storage cavity are all made of insulating materials; the receiving plate is made of metal material; The solution in the core layer liquid supply device and the core layer liquid storage cavity is a polyacrylonitrile solution with a mass fraction of 14%, and the solution in the shell layer liquid supply device and the shell layer liquid storage cavity is a polyurethane solution with a mass fraction of 12%; The mass fraction of the polyacrylonitrile solution is 14%, and the mass fraction of the polyurethane solution is 12%.

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