Measuring device based on grating ruler

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, and more particularly to a measuring device based on a grating ruler, comprising a base, a grating ruler, and a measuring head. The grating ruler comprises a ruler housing and a reading head, the ruler housing being fixedly mounted on the base, and the measuring head being fixed to the reading head of the grating ruler for contacting the surface of an object to be measured. The grating ruler has the characteristics of a large measuring range and high precision. By fixing the ruler housing to the base, placing the product to be measured on the base, and then using the measuring head fixed to the reading head of the grating ruler, the product to be measured can be conveniently measured. The device can simultaneously measure outer and inner diameters, as well as height, making it very convenient to use.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of measuring instruments, and in particular to a measuring device based on a grating ruler. Background Art

[0002] A micrometer, also known as a micrometer, micrometer screw, or micrometer scale, is a more precise length measurement tool than a vernier caliper. It can measure lengths to an accuracy of 0.01mm and has a measuring range of several centimeters. A portion of the screw is machined into a thread with a pitch of 0.5mm. When it rotates within the screw sleeve of the fixed sleeve B, it moves forward or backward. The movable sleeve C is integral with the screw, and its circumference is divided into 50 equal sections. Full turns of the screw are measured using 0.5mm-spaced lines on the fixed sleeve, while any partial turns are measured using the lines around the movable sleeve. The final measurement result is estimated to one decimal place.

[0003] In some cases, companies need to accurately measure the dimensions of their products to verify whether they are qualified. Micrometers are widely used due to their high accuracy, but there are still several shortcomings in their use: First, the micrometer's range is small. When a variety of products need to be measured with a large size span, it is necessary to purchase multiple micrometers with different ranges. Second, when the outer diameter or inner diameter of the product needs to be measured, different types of micrometers are required. Based on these two points, for manufacturers with a rich product line, it is necessary to prepare a set of outer diameter micrometers and inner diameter micrometers with multiple ranges. The cost of the micrometer itself is already relatively expensive, and the cost of this configuration is even more considerable. Summary of the Invention

[0004] The object of the present invention is to provide a measuring device based on a grating ruler, which can accurately measure various sizes with a large measuring range and high precision.

[0005] To achieve the above objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a measuring device based on a grating ruler, including a base, a grating ruler and a measuring head, the grating ruler including a ruler housing and a reading head, the ruler housing of the grating ruler is fixedly mounted on the base, and the measuring head is fixed on the reading head of the grating ruler for contacting the surface of the object to be measured.

[0006] Compared with the existing technology, the present invention has the following technical effects: the grating ruler has the characteristics of large measuring range and high precision. We fix the scale housing of the grating ruler on the base, place the product to be measured on the base, and then use the measuring head fixed on the reading head of the grating ruler to conveniently measure the product to be measured. The device can simultaneously measure the outer diameter and inner diameter, and can also measure the height, which is very convenient to use. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0007] Figure 11 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the first embodiment of the present invention;

[0008] Figure 2 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of some parts in Example 1;

[0009] Figure 3 yes Figure 2 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective;

[0010] Figure 4 This is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of some components of the fine-tuning unit in Example 1;

[0011] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the front and rear adjustment units;

[0012] Figure 6 yes Figure 5 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective;

[0013] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the base body and the positioning unit;

[0014] Figure 8 yes Figure 7 A top view of

[0015] Figure 9 is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the second embodiment of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 10 yes Figure 9 Schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure from another perspective;

[0017] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of the three-dimensional structure of the measuring head in the second embodiment. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0018] The following combination Figures 1 to 11 , the present invention is described in further detail.

[0019] See Figure 1 and Figure 9A measuring device based on a grating ruler includes a base 10, a grating ruler 20 and a measuring head 30. The grating ruler 20 includes a ruler housing 21 and a reading head 22. The ruler housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is fixedly mounted on the base 10, and the measuring head 30 is fixed on the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20 for contacting the surface of the object to be measured. The grating ruler 20 has the characteristics of large measuring range and high precision. By fixing the ruler housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 on the base 10 and placing the product to be measured on the base 10, the product to be measured can be conveniently measured by the measuring head 30 fixed on the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20. The device can simultaneously measure the outer diameter and inner diameter, and can also measure the height, which is very convenient to use. The base 10 is provided here, on the one hand, to fix the grating ruler 20, and on the other hand, it can be used to place the object to be measured. During measurement, the measuring head 30 only needs to be brought into contact with the surface of the object to be measured. The movement of the measuring head 30 will drive the reading head 22 along with it, and the distance moved by the measuring head 30 can be read from the distance moved by the reading head 22. For example, when measuring the outer diameter, inner diameter, or length, the measuring head 30 is first placed against one side of the object to be measured, and the reading is recorded or directly reset to zero based on this reading. The measuring head 30 is then placed against the other side of the object to be measured, and the reading is taken. The required outer diameter, inner diameter, or length can be calculated based on the difference in readings. Of course, the head size of the measuring head 30 needs to be subtracted during actual measurement.

[0020] During specific measurements, there are many possible implementations for converting the data from the readhead into information about the object's dimensions. Depending on the type of dimension being measured, two preferred implementations can be used. In Example 1, the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is horizontally fixed to the base 10, primarily used to measure dimensions such as the inner diameter, outer diameter, and length of an object. In Example 2, the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is vertically fixed to the base 10, and can be used to measure the height of a step surface, the height and thickness of an object, and other dimensions. The preferred implementations of Example 1 and Example 2 are described in detail below.

[0021] See Figures 1-8In the first embodiment, the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is fixed horizontally to the base 10. A fine-tuning unit 50 is provided between the grating ruler 20 and the base 10. The fine-tuning unit 50 includes a second slide rail 52 and a second slider 53 that form a sliding fit. The second slide rail 52 is arranged parallel to the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20. The second slider 53 is fixedly provided with a second differential head 542 and a third differential head 543 that are arranged opposite to each other. A third connecting block 56 for fixedly connecting the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20 is sandwiched between the second differential head 542 and the third differential head 543. When the grating ruler 20 is placed horizontally, the measuring head 30 is moved to abut against the object. At this time, due to manual operation, the force cannot be properly controlled, and the abutting force may be too large or too small, affecting the final measurement result. Although the measurement accuracy of the grating ruler 20 itself is very high, the abutting force will cause errors, which will also cause large errors in the final measurement result, resulting in inaccurate measurement results. Therefore, in the first embodiment, by providing a fine-tuning unit 50, when the measuring head 30 is about to approach the object to be measured, small-distance adjustment can be achieved by adjusting the second differential head 542 and the third differential head 543 on the fine-tuning unit 50. In addition, a differential head with a ratchet is used as much as possible to ensure that when adjusting, the measuring head 30 is against the object to be measured and the knob behind the differential head is continued to be turned, and the differential head will not drive the third connecting block 56 to move. The differential head, also known as a micrometer head, micrometer head, or micrometer head, consists of a non-movable part, a mounting sleeve, a shaft sleeve, and a movable part, a measuring rod, a differential cylinder, and a fine-tuning knob. It is generally a tool used to generate displacement and indicate the amount of displacement. Here, we do not need to indicate the amount of displacement, but only need to make subtle displacement adjustments. Two differential heads are provided here, and the ends of the two differential heads clamp the third connecting block 56 in the middle. In this way, the left and right displacement of the third connecting block 56 can be achieved by adjusting the two differential heads.

[0022] See Figure 2-Figure 4Furthermore, the fine-tuning unit 50 includes a bar block 51, which is fixedly mounted on the bracket 11 of the base 10, the scale housing 21 of the grating scale 20 is fixed on the bar block 51, and the second slide rail 52 is fixedly set on the bar block 51. By setting the bar block 51, the second slide rail 52 and the scale housing 21 can be easily fixed. A second connecting block 54 is fixedly mounted on the second slider 53, and the second connecting block 54 is locked on the bar block 51 through a second positioning pin 55. After this setting, during coarse adjustment, the second positioning pin 55 is loosened, and the second connecting block 54 is moved. The second connecting block 54 drives the reading head 22 to move quickly to a position 1-5 mm away from the object to be measured through the third connecting block 56, and then the second positioning pin 55 is tightened to fix and lock the second connecting block 54, and then fine-tune the second differential head 542 and the third differential head 543. When the second differential head 542 and the third differential head 543 are fine-tuned, the reading head 22 will be driven to move slightly through the third connecting block 56, and when the measuring head 30 is adjusted to rest against the object to be measured, due to the action of the ratchet, the measuring head 30 can still remain stationary when the knob of the differential head continues to be rotated. The second connecting block 54 is provided with two vertically arranged mounting plates 541, the two mounting plates 541 are parallel to each other, and the second differential head 542 and the third differential head 543 are fixed on the two mounting plates 541 respectively. The specific structure of the second connecting block 54 is as follows: Figure 4 shown.

[0023] There are many kinds of structures of the base 10. On the one hand, it is for the convenience of fixing the grating ruler 20, and on the other hand, it can serve as a platform for supporting the object to be measured. In the present invention, preferably, the base 10 includes a bracket 11, a front-back adjustment unit 12 and a base body 13. The bottom of the bracket 11 is fixed to the base body 13 through the front-back adjustment unit 12. The bracket 11 is arranged vertically. The front-back adjustment unit 12 is used to adjust the bracket 11 to move in the front-back direction of the base body 13. A slide rail 111 arranged in the vertical direction is fixed on one side of the bracket 11. A slider 112 that can move along its length is provided on the slide rail 111. The bar block 51 is fixedly mounted on the slider 112. The front-back translation direction of the bracket 11 along the base body 13, the translation direction of the slider 112 along the slide rail 111, and the translation direction of the reading head 22 are perpendicular to each other. By providing the front-to-back adjustment unit 12, the bracket 11 can be conveniently adjusted in its front-to-back position, thereby enabling the front-to-back position adjustment of the measuring head 30, ensuring that measurements can be applied to a wider range of objects and structures. Furthermore, when measuring the outer or inner diameter of an object, the measuring head 30 is precisely aligned with the diameter, thus avoiding measurement errors. The provision of the slide rail 111 and slider 112 allows for the vertical adjustment of the measuring head 30, making it convenient to measure objects of varying heights. Furthermore, when the measuring head 30 needs to be moved, it does not interfere with the object being measured.

[0024] See Figure 5 and Figure 6 There are many different structures for the front-to-back adjustment unit 12. In the present invention, the front-to-back adjustment unit 12 preferably includes a concave block 121, a convex block 122, a first differential head 123, a positioning plate 124, and a first positioning pin 125. The concave block 121 is fixed to the base body 13 with its notch facing upward. The convex block 122 is inserted into the notch of the concave block 121 in the opposite direction to form a concave-convex fit. The convex block 122 can slide forward and backward along with the concave block 121, and the bracket 11 is fixed above the convex block 122. With this arrangement, the convex block 122 can drive the bracket 11 to slide forward and backward on the base body 13. In order to accurately control the sliding distance of the bracket 11, the convex block 122 is fixed with a first differential head 123 and a positioning plate 124 on both sides of the sliding direction; the concave block 121 is provided with a stopper on one side of the first differential head 123, and the telescopic head of the first differential head 123 rests on the stopper; the positioning plate 124 extends to the side of the concave block 121, and a waist-shaped hole is opened on the positioning plate 124 located on the side of the concave block 121. The length direction of the waist-shaped hole is parallel to the forward and backward sliding direction of the convex block 122. The first positioning pin 125 passes through the waist-shaped hole and is fixed to the concave block 121 through a threaded hole. By providing the waist-shaped hole and the first positioning pin 125 on the positioning plate 124, the convex block 122 and the concave block 121 can be locked when the convex block 122 slides to the appropriate position. In this way, the bracket 11 is fixed and the position of the measuring head 30 will not move back and forth during measurement.

[0025] After the measuring device is processed and assembled, due to assembly errors, the diameters of the measuring head 30 and the object to be measured may not be aligned, resulting in an inaccurate inner or outer diameter. In this case, before measuring, a standard-sized calibration piece can be taken. The outer or inner diameter of the calibration piece is fixed. By adjusting the first differential head 123, the bracket 11 will drive the measuring head 30 back and forth. Each time the first differential head 123 is adjusted, a measurement is performed. When the measured size matches the size of the standard piece, it indicates that the adjustment has been made to the precise position. Then, tighten the first positioning pin 125 to complete the calibration. Measurements can be performed directly thereafter, and calibration should be performed again after prolonged use.

[0026] See Figure 7 and Figure 8Furthermore, in order to ensure the fixation of the object to be measured during measurement, in the present invention, preferably, a positioning unit 60 is provided on the base body 13 for fixing the object to be measured, and the positioning unit 60 includes a third slide rail 61, a third slider 62, a left positioning block 63, a right positioning block 64, a third positioning pin 65 and a floating V-shaped clamp 66. The third slide rail 61 is fixedly installed on the base body 13 and the third slide rail 61 is arranged in parallel with the moving direction of the reading head 22. A left positioning block 63 is fixedly provided at one end of the third slide rail 61, and a third slider 62 that can be translated along its length direction is provided on the third slide rail 61. The right positioning block 64 is fixed on the third slider 62. Here, two third slide rails 61 are provided in parallel, and the right positioning block 64 is fixed on the two third sliders 62 at the same time. In this way, the directionality of the right positioning block is better when it is translated, and no offset phenomenon will occur. The right positioning block 64 is locked to the base body 13 via a third positioning pin 65. Before clamping the object to be measured, tighten the third positioning pin 65 before measuring. When the object to be measured needs to be changed, loosen the third positioning pin 65. A floating V-shaped clamp 66 and a plunger spring 641 are provided on the side of the right positioning block 64 facing the left positioning block 63. The floating V-shaped clamp 66 is fixed to the right positioning block 64 by bolts and can slide along the direction of the bolt shaft. The end of the plunger spring 641 rests on the side of the floating V-shaped clamp 66 facing the right positioning block 64. The side of the floating V-shaped clamp 66 facing the left positioning block 63 is V-shaped and is used to clamp the object to be measured. Because both the left and right positioning blocks 63 and 64 are rigid components, excessive clamping force can cause deformation of the object being measured, such as a tubular component, resulting in measurement errors. Therefore, a floating V-shaped clamp 66 is provided. This is bolted to the right positioning block 64, and after being fixed, the bolt's shaft extends a certain length, allowing the floating V-shaped clamp 66 to slide along the bolt's shaft. The outer side of the floating V-shaped clamp 66 is restrained by the bolt's nut to prevent it from falling. A plunger spring 641 is then provided between the floating V-shaped clamp 66 and the right positioning block 64. The elastic force of the plunger spring 641 causes the floating V-shaped clamp 66 to move away from the right positioning block 64 until it contacts the nut. When the object to be measured is placed on the base body 13, the right positioning block 64 is moved toward the side of the left positioning block 63 and clamps the object to be measured. At this time, since the right positioning block 64 is provided with a floating V-shaped clamp 66, the object to be measured will not be deformed during clamping. During clamping, the floating V-shaped clamp 66 will overcome the elastic force of the plunger spring 641 and move toward the side of the right positioning block 64. After moving a certain distance, the right positioning block 64 can be locked by the third positioning pin 65. In this way, the object to be measured will be clamped and fixed by the left positioning block 63 and the floating V-shaped clamp 66.

[0027] See Figure 2To ensure reliable sliding of the reading head 22 of the grating scale 20, the present invention preferably includes a connecting unit 40, which is composed of a first slide rail 41, a first slider 42, and a first connecting block 43. The first slide rail 41 is fixed to the scale housing 21 of the grating scale 20, and the length of the first slide rail 41 is parallel to the displacement direction of the reading head 22 of the grating scale 20. The first slider 42 slides along the length of the first slide rail 41. The first connecting block 43 is fixedly mounted on the first slider 42 and the reading head 22 of the grating scale 20; and the third connecting block 56 is fixedly mounted on the first connecting block 43. This arrangement ensures more reliable sliding of the reading head 22.

[0028] See Figure 9 and Figure 10 In the second embodiment, the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is fixed to the base 10 in the vertical direction. The base 10 includes a base body 13 and a bracket 11. The bracket 11 is fixed to the base body 13 and arranged in the vertical direction. The scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20 is fixed to a side surface of the bracket 11. The connecting unit 40 is composed of a first slide rail 41, a first slider 42, and a first connecting block 43. The first slide rail 41 is fixed to the scale housing 21 of the grating ruler 20, and the length direction of the first slide rail 41 is parallel to the displacement direction of the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20. The first slider 42 slides along the length direction of the first slide rail 41. The first connecting block 43 is fixed to the first slider 42 and the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20. This embodiment is mainly used for measuring the height or thickness of the object to be measured. Since the movement direction of the reading head 22 is vertical, the structure will be much simpler. Since there is no need to measure the inner diameter or outer diameter, there is no need to set the front and rear adjustment unit 12; since the measuring head 30 itself has its own weight, the object to be measured can be conveniently clamped between the measuring head 30 and the base body 13, there is no need to set the fine-tuning unit 50 and the positioning unit 60. Other structural details and advantages have been explained in detail in Example 1 and will not be repeated here.

[0029] Furthermore, the measuring head 30 includes a fixed plate 31, an overhanging plate 32 and a straight rod 33. The structure of the measuring head 30 is as follows: Figure 11As shown, the measuring head 30 is fixedly mounted on the reading head 22 of the grating ruler 20 via a fixing plate 31. The cantilever plate 32 cantilevers outward and a straight rod 33 arranged in the vertical direction is fixed to its cantilever end. The end of the straight rod 33 is provided with a large-diameter cylindrical section or a ball head. After such a setting, the measuring head 30 can be conveniently disassembled and installed, and the measurement is more reliable. A control module 70 is provided at the top of the bracket 11. The reading head 22 is connected to the control module 70 for receiving control instructions and outputting measurement data. The control module 70 includes a display screen 71 and a button 72. The button 72 is provided with a plurality of control instructions for receiving user input. The display screen 71 is used to display the readings of the grating ruler 20 and the instructions issued by the button 72. The setting of the control module 70 can facilitate the interaction between the measurement personnel and the present device, realize more functions and controls, and the control module 70 can automatically process the data measured by the reading head 22, directly output the dimensional information to be measured, and simplify the measurement process.

Claims

1. A measuring device based on a grating ruler, characterized in that: The invention comprises a base (10), a grating ruler (20) and a measuring head (30), wherein the grating ruler (20) comprises a ruler housing (21) and a reading head (22), the ruler housing (21) of the grating ruler (20) is fixedly mounted on the base (10), and the measuring head (30) is fixed on the reading head (22) of the grating ruler (20) for contacting the surface of the object to be measured; The scale housing (21) of the grating ruler (20) is fixed on the base (10) in the horizontal direction, and a fine-tuning unit (50) is provided between the grating ruler (20) and the base (10). The fine-tuning unit (50) includes a second slide rail (52) and a second slider (53) that form a sliding fit. The second slide rail (52) is arranged in parallel beside the scale housing (21) of the grating ruler (20). The second slider (53) is fixed with a second differential head (542) and a third differential head (543) that are arranged opposite to each other. A third connecting block (56) for fixedly connecting the reading head (22) of the grating ruler (20) is clamped between the second differential head (542) and the third differential head (543); The fine-tuning unit (50) includes a strip block (51), the strip block (51) is fixedly mounted on the bracket (11) of the base (10), the scale housing (21) of the grating scale (20) is fixed on the strip block (51), and the second slide rail (52) is fixedly arranged on the strip block (51); a second connecting block (54) is fixedly mounted on the second slider (53), the second connecting block (54) is locked on the strip block (51) through a second positioning pin (55), and two vertically arranged mounting plates (541) are provided on the second connecting block (54), the two mounting plates (541) are parallel to each other, and the second differential head (542) and the third differential head (543) are fixed on the two mounting plates (541) respectively; The base (10) comprises a bracket (11), a front-back adjustment unit (12) and a base body (13); the bottom of the bracket (11) is fixed to the base body (13) through the front-back adjustment unit (12); the bracket (11) is arranged vertically; the front-back adjustment unit (12) is used to adjust the bracket (11) to translate along the front-back direction of the base body (13); a slide rail (111) arranged along the vertical direction is fixedly provided on one side of the bracket (11); a slider (112) capable of moving along its length direction is provided on the slide rail (111); the strip block (51) is fixedly mounted on the slider (112); the front-back translation direction of the bracket (11) along the base body (13), the translation direction of the slider (112) along the slide rail (111), and the translation direction of the reading head (22) are perpendicular to each other; The invention comprises a connecting unit (40), wherein the connecting unit (40) is composed of a first slide rail (41), a first slider (42) and a first connecting block (43), wherein the first slide rail (41) is fixed on the scale housing (21) of the grating ruler (20) and the length direction of the first slide rail (41) is parallel to the displacement direction of the reading head (22) of the grating ruler (20), the first slider (42) slides along the length direction of the first slide rail (41), and the first connecting block (43) is fixedly mounted on the first slider (42) and the reading head (22) of the grating ruler (20); and the third connecting block (56) is fixedly mounted on the first connecting block (43).

2. The measuring device based on a grating ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The front-back adjustment unit (12) includes a concave block (121), a convex block (122), a first differential head (123), a positioning plate (124) and a first positioning pin (125). The concave block (121) is fixed on the base body (13) and its notch is set upward. The convex block (122) is inserted into the notch of the concave block (121) in reverse to form a concave-convex fit and the convex block (122) can slide forward and backward along the concave block (121). The bracket (11) is fixed above the convex block (122). The convex block (122) is respectively A first differential head (123) and a positioning plate (124) are fixedly provided; a stopper is provided on one side of the concave block (121) located on the first differential head (123), and the telescopic head of the first differential head (123) rests on the stopper; the positioning plate (124) extends to the side of the concave block (121), and a waist-shaped hole is provided on the positioning plate (124) located on the side of the concave block (121), and the length direction of the waist-shaped hole is parallel to the front-rear sliding direction of the convex block (122), and the first positioning pin (125) passes through the waist-shaped hole and is fixed to the concave block (121) through the threaded hole.

3. The measuring device based on a grating ruler according to claim 1, characterized in that: The base body (13) is provided with a positioning unit (60) for fixing the object to be measured, and the positioning unit (60) includes a third slide rail (61), a third slider (62), a left positioning block (63), a right positioning block (64), a third positioning pin (65) and a floating V-shaped clamp (66). The third slide rail (61) is fixedly mounted on the base body (13) and the third slide rail (61) is parallel to the moving direction of the reading head (22). One end of the third slide rail (61) is fixedly provided with a left positioning block (63). The third slide rail (61) is provided with a third slider (62) that can be translated along its length direction. The right positioning block (64) is fixedly mounted on the base body (13). Fixed on the third slider (62), the right positioning block (64) is locked on the base body (13) by the third positioning pin (65); a floating V-shaped clamp (66) and a plunger spring (641) are provided on the side of the right positioning block (64) facing the left positioning block (63), the floating V-shaped clamp (66) is fixed to the right positioning block (64) by a bolt and the floating V-shaped clamp (66) can slide along the direction of the bolt rod, the end of the plunger spring (641) abuts against the side of the floating V-shaped clamp (66) facing the right positioning block (64), and the side of the floating V-shaped clamp (66) facing the left positioning block (63) is V-shaped for clamping the object to be measured.

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