An experimental device and method for simulating the mechanical properties of bridge pier foundations

Abstract

The present invention relates to the technical field of geotechnical engineering landslide model test design and monitoring, in particular to a test device and a test method for simulating the stress characteristics of bridge pier foundations. The test device includes a landslide scale model, which is internally provided with a bridge pier foundation and an anti-slide structure. The anti-slide structure is arranged between the bridge pier foundation and the landslide front edge; a force loading system, which is connected to the anti-slide structure and is used to gradually load the anti-slide structure with a tensile force towards the landslide front edge side; a plurality of test elements, which are used to monitor the test data of each detection point during the process from the stress of the landslide front edge to instability, truly simulate the continuous change during the process from the stress to the instability of the front edge of the translational landslide, which is beneficial to studying the stress and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier foundation when the front edge of the landslide on the translational landslide is unstable. The test device has a simple and easy-to-obtain structure, the process conditions of the test method are controllable and the operability is relatively strong, and the relationship between the deformation of the soil body at the landslide front edge and the deformation of the bridge pier foundation can be easily obtained.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of landslide model test design and monitoring in geotechnical engineering, and particularly to a test device and a test method for simulating the mechanical properties of bridge pier foundations. Background Art

[0002] Bridge pier foundations are deformation-sensitive structures. Studying the deformation characteristics of bridge pier foundations on landslides under different loading conditions can provide theoretical support for the reinforcement design of bridge projects within the landslide range, which is of indispensable importance. Due to advantages such as low cost, controllable experimental conditions, and strong repeatability, scaled-down tests are widely used in the research of pile-soil problems.

[0003] Traditional landslide model test methods mainly apply loads in two ways: (1) setting up a rainfall system by oneself to cause creep deformation of the landslide by reducing the strength parameters of the landslide soil mass; (2) applying loads at the rear of the model to simulate the horizontal deformation of the landslide soil mass. Among them, it is very difficult to accurately control the test conditions in the first test method, and it is often difficult to achieve the expected effect. The second method is relatively common in the field of landslide research. However, generally speaking, landslides can be classified into pushing-type landslides and pulling-type landslides according to their mechanical conditions. Different landslide types will also have different effects on the response characteristics of structures on the landslide, thereby affecting the selection of their reinforcement methods. Currently, the loading method of applying landslide thrust at the rear of the model through jacks and the like is only applicable to pushing-type landslides. Pulling-type landslides are usually caused by the instability of the front edge of the landslide, which in turn causes creep or sliding deformation of the landslide. The existing scaled-down landslide model test technology is not perfect and does not have the function of simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge piers when the front edge of the landslide is unstable, resulting in extremely scarce research results on the mechanical and deformation characteristics of bridge pier foundations on pulling-type landslides.

[0004] Therefore, there is an urgent need for a technical solution to solve the technical problem that the existing scaled-down landslide model test device does not have the function of simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge piers when the front edge of the landslide is unstable. Summary of the Invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a test device and a test method for simulating the mechanical properties of bridge pier foundations when the front edge of a landslide is unstable, aiming at the technical problem that the existing scaled-down landslide model test device does not have the function of simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge piers when the front edge of the landslide is unstable.

[0006] To achieve the above purpose, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is as follows:

[0007] An experimental device for simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge pier and abutment foundations, comprising a landslide scale model, in which a bridge pier and abutment foundation and an anti-sliding structure are arranged. The anti-sliding structure is arranged between the bridge pier and abutment foundation and the landslide front edge; a force loading system, connected to the anti-sliding structure, for gradually loading the anti-sliding structure with a tensile force towards the landslide front edge side; and a number of test elements, for monitoring the test data of each detection point during the process of the landslide front edge being stressed to instability.

[0008] The experimental device for simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge pier and abutment foundations of the present invention applies a tensile force towards the landslide front edge side to the anti-sliding structure in the landslide scale model through the force loading system, truly simulating the continuous change during the process of a pulling-type landslide from being stressed to the front edge being unstable. The structure is simple and easy to obtain, the test is controllable, and the operability is relatively strong, providing a research basis for studying the characteristics of pulling-type landslides. At the same time, through the continuous monitoring of the response of the bridge pier and abutment foundation during the process of a pulling-type landslide from being stressed to the front edge being unstable, it is relatively easy to obtain the relationship between the soil body deformation at the landslide front edge and the deformation of the bridge pier and abutment foundation, providing strong theoretical support for studying the mechanical characteristics and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier and abutment foundation when the landslide front edge is unstable.

[0009] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the landslide scale model includes a sliding bed, a sliding surface and a sliding body that are layered and filled in a test tank, truly simulating the landslide body structure.

[0010] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the bridge pier and abutment foundation includes a bearing platform and a number of foundation piles arranged below the bearing platform. The anti-sliding structure includes a number of anti-sliding piles, and the anti-sliding piles are arranged parallel to the foundation piles. The foundation piles and the anti-sliding piles respectively extend through the sliding bed in the vertical direction and then extend into the sliding body.

[0011] As a preferred solution of the present invention, the force loading system includes a counterweight platform and a connecting member. One end of the connecting member is connected to the anti-sliding structure, and the other end extends outside the test tank and is connected to the counterweight platform. A number of counterweight blocks are arranged in the counterweight platform. By adjusting the counterweight blocks, it is relatively easy to change the tensile force applied by the force loading system to the anti-sliding structure, accurately simulating the mechanical characteristics of the anti-sliding structure during the process from being stressed to the landslide front edge being unstable at different stress levels, and obtaining the deformation characteristics of the landslide front edge soil body when it is unstable.

[0012] As a preferred solution of the present invention, it further includes a support assembly that can move along the height direction of the test tank, and the connecting member is placed on the support assembly. By adjusting the support assembly, it is relatively easy to change the direction of the tensile force applied by the force loading system to the anti-sliding structure, so as to accurately simulate and obtain the deformation characteristics of the landslide front edge soil body during the process from being stressed to being unstable under different tensile force states.

[0013] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the bracket assembly includes a support frame and a fixed pulley mechanism disposed on the support frame, and the connecting member is laid on the fixed pulley mechanism.

[0014] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, the test elements include a plurality of horizontal displacement gauges disposed on and / or on the anti-slide structure and / or on the platform at the front edge of the landslide; a plurality of earth pressure gauges vertically and spaced apart within the landslide reduced-scale model around the pile foundation; and a plurality of strain gauges symmetrically distributed on the surface of the pile foundation. The horizontal displacement gauges are used to monitor the horizontal displacement changes of each detection point during the force loading process, the earth pressure gauges are used to monitor the change amount of the horizontal earth pressure around the bridge pier foundation during the force loading process, and the strain gauges are used to monitor the mechanical properties of the pile foundation during the force loading process.

[0015] A test method for simulating the mechanical properties of a bridge pier foundation includes the following steps: S1: Reduced-scale model design: Determine the similarity scale of the landslide reduced-scale model through similarity design and prepare materials; S2: Preparation of the reduced-scale model: Set up a bridge pier landslide reduced-scale model including a landslide reduced-scale model, a bridge pier foundation, an anti-slide structure, and test elements in the test tank; S3: Force loading system setting: The force loading system includes a counterweight platform and a connecting member, and the counterweight platform is connected to the anti-slide structure through the connecting member to apply a tensile force towards the front edge of the landslide to the anti-slide structure; S4: Connection of test elements: Connect the test elements to the acquisition instrument, and the test elements include a plurality of horizontal displacement gauges, a plurality of earth pressure gauges, and a plurality of strain gauges; S5: Determination of test load: Estimate the maximum test load according to the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the anti-slide structure, and divide the maximum test load into several loading levels through calculation; S6: Loading of test load: Apply the tensile force gradually increased by the force loading system to the anti-slide structure according to the loading levels until the maximum test load is reached; S7: Statistics of test data: Statistically analyze the test data collected by the test elements.

[0016] The test method for simulating the mechanical properties of a bridge pier foundation according to the present invention provides research conditions for the study of translational landslides by establishing a landslide reduced-scale model that can simulate translational landslides, adopting a method of gradually applying tensile force to simulate the instability process of the front edge of the landslide, and obtaining the relationship between the deformation of the soil mass at the front edge of the landslide and the deformation of the bridge pier foundation. It is beneficial to study the mechanical and deformation properties of the bridge pier foundation when the front edge of the translational landslide is unstable. The test device has a simple structure and is easy to prepare, and the test process conditions are controllable and highly operable, providing strong support for studying the mechanical characteristics of the bridge pier foundation when the front edge of the landslide is unstable.

[0017] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S2, the bridge pier foundation at least includes a bearing platform, a rear row of foundation piles and a front row of foundation piles arranged in rows under the bearing platform along the landslide direction. The anti-sliding structure includes anti-sliding piles arranged in rows, and the strain gauges are at least distributed on the front row of foundation piles and the rear row of foundation piles.

[0018] As a preferred embodiment of the present invention, in S3, the connecting member is connected to the top of the anti-sliding structure, and the counterweight platform is used to apply a horizontal pulling force towards the landslide front edge to the anti-sliding structure, so as to ensure the integrity and consistency of the anti-sliding structure during the force loading process and improve the authenticity of the test data simulation.

[0019] In summary, due to the adoption of the above technical solutions, the beneficial effects of an experimental device for simulating the mechanical characteristics of a bridge pier foundation of the present invention are as follows:

[0020] 1. By applying a pulling force towards the landslide front edge to the anti-sliding structure in the landslide reduced-scale model through the force loading system, the continuous change during the process from the anti-sliding structure being stressed to the front edge being unstable in a translational landslide is truly simulated. The structure is simple and easy to obtain, the test is controllable, and the operability is relatively strong, providing a research basis for studying the characteristics of translational landslides;

[0021] 2. By continuously monitoring the response of the bridge pier foundation during the process from the translational landslide being stressed to the front edge being unstable, the relationship between the soil deformation at the landslide front edge and the deformation of the bridge pier foundation is relatively easily obtained, providing a strong theoretical support for studying the mechanical characteristics and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier foundation when the landslide front edge is unstable;

[0022] The beneficial effects of an experimental method for simulating the mechanical characteristics of a bridge pier foundation of the present invention are as follows:

[0023] 1. By establishing a landslide reduced-scale model capable of simulating a translational landslide and adopting a method of gradually applying a pulling force to simulate the process of the landslide front edge being unstable, the relationship between the soil deformation at the landslide front edge and the deformation of the bridge pier foundation is obtained, providing research conditions for the study of translational landslides and being conducive to studying the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier foundation when the landslide front edge is unstable on a translational landslide;

[0024] 2. The experimental device has a simple structure, is easy to prepare and obtain, the test process conditions are controllable, and the operability is strong, providing strong support for studying the mechanical characteristics of the bridge pier foundation when the landslide front edge is unstable. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0025] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of an experimental device for simulating the mechanical characteristics of a bridge pier foundation of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 2 is a schematic flow diagram of an experimental method for simulating the mechanical characteristics of a bridge pier foundation of the present invention.

[0027] Icons: 1 - scaled landslide model, 11 - sliding bed, 12 - sliding surface, 13 - sliding mass, 2 - anti - sliding structure, 3 - bridge pier and abutment foundation, 31 - bearing platform, 32 - foundation pile, 4 - front edge of landslide, 5 - force loading system, 51 - counterweight platform, 52 - connecting piece, 53 - counterweight block, 6 - support assembly, 61 - support frame, 62 - fixed pulley mechanism, 7 - horizontal displacement gauge, 8 - earth pressure gauge, 9 - strain gauge, 10 - test tank. Specific implementation manners

[0028] The present invention will be described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings.

[0029] In order to make the objectives, technical solutions and advantages of the present invention more clear and understandable, the present invention will be further described in detail below with reference to the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not used to limit the present invention.

[0030] Embodiment 1

[0031] As Figure 1 shown, a test device for simulating the mechanical properties of a bridge pier and abutment foundation includes a scaled landslide model 1, in which a bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 and an anti - sliding structure 2 are arranged. The anti - sliding structure 2 is arranged between the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 and the front edge of the landslide 4; a force loading system 5, connected to the anti - sliding structure 2, for gradually loading the anti - sliding structure 2 with a pulling force towards the front edge of the landslide 4; and a plurality of test elements for monitoring the test data of each detection point during the process of the front edge of the landslide 4 being stressed until it becomes unstable.

[0032] The test device for simulating the mechanical properties of a bridge pier and abutment foundation in this embodiment applies a pulling force towards the front edge of the landslide 4 to the anti - sliding structure 2 in the scaled landslide model 1 through the force loading system 5, truly simulating the continuous changes during the process of a translational landslide from being stressed until the front edge becomes unstable. The structure is simple and easy to obtain, the test is controllable, and the operability is relatively strong, providing a research basis for studying the characteristics of translational landslides. At the same time, through the continuous monitoring of the response of the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 during the process of a translational landslide from being stressed until the front edge becomes unstable, it is relatively easy to obtain the relationship between the deformation of the soil mass at the front edge of the landslide and the deformation of the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3, providing strong theoretical support for studying the mechanical properties and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 when the front edge of the landslide becomes unstable.

[0033] Specifically, the landslide scaled model 1 includes a sliding bed 11, a sliding surface 12, and a sliding mass 13 that are layered and filled in the test tank 10, truly simulating the structure of a landslide; a bridge pier foundation 3 is buried in the middle of the landslide scaled model 1, and an anti-slide structure 2 is buried between the bridge pier foundation 3 and the landslide front edge 4. The bridge pier foundation 3 includes a bearing platform 31 and a number of rowed foundation piles 32 arranged below the bearing platform 31. The anti-slide structure 2 includes a row of anti-slide piles arranged in the same direction as the rowed foundation piles 32. The foundation piles 31 and the anti-slide piles respectively pass through the sliding bed 11 in the vertical direction and extend into the sliding mass 13, truly simulating the structure of a bridge pier landslide; by connecting the force loading system 5 to the top of the anti-slide pile and gradually applying a tensile force towards the landslide front edge 4 to the anti-slide pile, the soil mass at the landslide front edge of the landslide scaled model 1 becomes unstable under the action of this tensile force, truly simulating the deformation condition of the soil mass at the landslide front edge of the bridge pier landslide caused by the failure of the anti-slide structure 2. By monitoring the response characteristics of the bridge pier foundation 3 during this process, it is easier to obtain the relationship between the soil deformation at the landslide front edge 4 and the deformation of the bridge pier foundation 3, providing a test device with strong operability and controllable test conditions for studying the stress and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier foundation 3 when the landslide front edge 4 is unstable. According to the actual structure of the bridge pier foundation 3, the distribution positions of the bearing platform 31 and the rowed foundation piles 32 below it can be adjusted to ensure that the parameters obtained from the test can directly guide the actual engineering application.

[0034] Preferably, the test elements include a number of horizontal displacement gauges 7, which are arranged on the landslide front edge 4 and / or on the anti-slide structure 2 and / or on the bearing platform 31; a number of earth pressure gauges 8, which are vertically and spaced apart in the landslide scaled model 1 around the foundation piles 32; and a number of strain gauges 9, which are symmetrically distributed on the surface of the foundation piles 32.

[0035] Specifically, horizontal displacement gauges 7 are arranged on the landslide front edge 4, the top of the anti-slide structure 2, and the bearing platform 31 to monitor the horizontal displacement changes of each detection point during the force loading process.

[0036] Specifically, earth pressure gauges 8 are distributed around the foundation piles 32 of the bridge pier foundation 3. A number of earth pressure gauges 8 are arranged vertically in the landslide and are spaced apart from the foundation piles 32 to monitor the change amount of the horizontal earth pressure around the bridge pier foundation 3 during the force loading process. Preferably, the number of earth pressure gauges 8 is increased near the sliding surface 12 to obtain the deformation characteristics of the sliding surface 12 during the instability process of the landslide front edge 4.

[0037] Specifically, at least two rows of strain gauges 9 are symmetrically arranged on the surface of the same foundation pile 32 to accurately monitor the stress and deformation characteristics of the foundation pile 32 during the force loading process.

[0038] Preferably, the force loading system 5 includes a counterweight platform 51 and a connecting member 52. One end of the connecting member 52 is connected to the anti-sliding structure 2, and the other end extends outside the test tank 10 and is connected to the counterweight platform 51. A number of counterweight blocks 53 are arranged in the counterweight platform 51.

[0039] Specifically, the connecting member 52 is a steel rope. One end of the connecting member 52 is connected to a steel member which can slide sleeved on the top of the anti-sliding pile. The connecting member 52 extends horizontally outside the test tank 10 and is erected on a bracket assembly 6 arranged on the test tank 10, and the other end is connected to the counterweight platform 51. A number of counterweight blocks 53 are arranged in the counterweight platform 51 in a matching manner. The bracket assembly 6 includes a support frame 61 capable of adjusting the height in the height direction of the test tank 10 and a fixed pulley mechanism 62 arranged on the support frame 61, so as to provide the position for adjusting the support frame 61 and maintain the horizontal state of the connecting member 52 in the inner part of the test tank 10, so as to ensure the integrity and consistency of the force deformation of the anti-sliding structure 2 during the force loading process. At the same time, the test device can also specifically adjust the pulling direction of each force loading system 5 according to the specific size of the landslide reduced scale model 1, ensure the authenticity of the test results, and accurately simulate and obtain the deformation characteristics of different landslide front soils from the force application to the instability process under different tensile states and the response characteristics of the bridge pier foundation 3.

[0040] Embodiment 2

[0041] As Figure 1-2 shown, a test method for simulating the mechanical properties of a bridge pier foundation includes the following steps: S1: Reduced scale model design: Determine the similarity scale of the landslide reduced scale model 1 through similarity design and prepare materials; S2: Reduced scale model preparation: Layer by layer fill and build a bridge pier landslide reduced scale model including the landslide reduced scale model 1, the bridge pier foundation 3, the anti-sliding structure 2 and the test elements in the test tank 10; S3: Force loading system setting: The force loading system 5 includes a counterweight platform 51 and a connecting member 52. The counterweight platform 51 is connected to the anti-sliding structure 2 through the connecting member 52 and is used to apply a tensile force towards the landslide front 4 side to the anti-sliding structure 2; S4: Test element connection: Connect the test elements to the acquisition instrument. The test elements include a number of horizontal displacement gauges 7, a number of earth pressure gauges 8 and a number of strain gauges 9; S5: Test load determination: Estimate the maximum test load according to the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the anti-sliding structure 2, and divide the maximum test load into several loading levels through calculation; S6: Test load loading: Apply the tensile force gradually increased by the force loading system to the anti-sliding structure 2 according to the loading levels until the maximum test load is loaded; S7: Test data statistics: Statistically analyze the test data collected by the test elements.

[0042] An experimental method for simulating the mechanical properties of bridge pier and abutment foundations in this embodiment simulates the instability process of the front edge 4 of a landslide by gradually applying tensile force, obtains the relationship between the soil deformation of the front edge 4 of the landslide and the deformation of the bridge pier and abutment foundation, provides research conditions for the study of translational landslides, is conducive to studying the mechanical and deformation characteristics of the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 when the front edge 4 of the translational landslide is unstable. The experimental device has a simple structure and is easy to prepare. The experimental process conditions are controllable and highly operable, providing strong support for studying the mechanical characteristics of the bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 when the front edge 4 of the landslide is unstable.

[0043] Specifically, during the experiment, similarity design is carried out according to the experimental conditions and research purposes to determine the similarity scale of the landslide reduced-scale model 1. The bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 and the anti-slide structure 2 are prefabricated, and strain gauges 9 are pasted and set on the prefabricated bridge pier and abutment foundation 3 and the anti-slide structure 2 to complete the preparation of the experimental devices. Then, the landslide reduced-scale model 1 is filled in layers in the test tank 10, and several earth pressure cells 8 are buried in the model during the filling process to establish a bridge pier landslide reduced-scale model that can simulate a translational landslide. After the model is established, the top of the anti-slide structure 2 is connected to the counterweight platform 51 through the connecting member 52, and the connecting member 52 located in the test tank 10 is adjusted to a horizontal state so that the counterweight platform 51 can apply a horizontal tensile force towards the front edge 4 of the landslide to the anti-slide structure 2, completing the setting of the force loading system 5. Then, the test elements are connected to the data collector, and after zero adjustment and calibration, according to the pre-calculated loading levels, by adjusting the number of counterweight blocks 53 in the counterweight platform 51, the horizontal tensile force applied by the counterweight platform 51 to the anti-slide structure 2 is gradually increased, preferably in ten levels. The stable test data measured after each loading level is applied is collected until the loading is completed, and the relevant test data is collected to complete the experiment.

[0044] The above are only the preferred embodiments of the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention. Any modifications, equivalent replacements, and improvements made within the spirit and principle of the present invention shall be included in the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. An experimental device for simulating the mechanical properties of bridge pier foundations, characterized in that It includes a landslide reduced-scale model (1) with a bridge pier foundation (3) and an anti-slide structure (2) arranged therein. The anti-slide structure (2) is arranged between the bridge pier foundation (3) and the landslide front edge (4); a force loading system (5) connected to the anti-slide structure (2) for gradually loading a tensile force on the anti-slide structure (2) toward the landslide front edge (4). A number of test elements are used to monitor the test data of each detection point during the process of the landslide front edge (4) being stressed until it becomes unstable. The landslide reduced-scale model (1) includes a sliding bed (11), a sliding surface (12), and a sliding mass (13) filled in layers in a test tank (10). The bridge pier foundation (3) includes a bearing platform (31) and a number of foundation piles (32) arranged below the bearing platform (31). The anti-slide structure (2) includes a number of anti-slide piles, and the anti-slide piles are arranged parallel to the foundation piles (32). The force loading system (5) includes a counterweight platform (51) and a connecting member (52). The connecting member is a steel wire rope. One end of the connecting member (52) is connected to a steel member, and the steel member can slide and sleeve on the top of the anti-slide pile and is connected to the anti-slide structure (2), and the other end extends outside the test tank (10) and is connected to the counterweight platform (51). A number of counterweight blocks (53) are arranged in the counterweight platform (51). It also includes a support assembly (6), and the support assembly (6) can move along the height direction of the test tank (10). The connecting member (52) is laid on the support assembly (6). The test elements include a number of horizontal displacement gauges (7) arranged on the landslide front edge (4), the anti-slide structure (2), and the bearing platform (31); a number of earth pressure gauges (8) vertically and spacedly distributed in the landslide reduced-scale model (1) around the foundation piles (32); a number of strain gauges (9) symmetrically distributed on the surface of the foundation piles (32). The number of earth pressure gauges is increased near the sliding surface to obtain the deformation characteristics of the sliding surface during the instability process of the landslide front edge. At least two columns of strain gauges are arranged symmetrically on the surface of the same foundation pile to accurately monitor the stress and deformation characteristics of the foundation pile during the force loading process.

2. The test device for simulating the force-bearing characteristics of a bridge pier foundation according to claim 1, characterized in that, The support assembly (6) includes a support frame (61) and a fixed pulley mechanism (62) arranged on the support frame (61), and the connecting member (52) is laid on the fixed pulley mechanism (62).

3. A test method for simulating the mechanical characteristics of bridge pier foundations, characterized in that, Using the test device for simulating the force-bearing characteristics of a bridge pier foundation described in claim 1, it includes the following steps: S1: Reduced-scale model design: Through similarity design, determine the similarity scale of the landslide reduced-scale model (1) and prepare materials. S2: Preparation of the reduced-scale model: Arrange a bridge pier landslide reduced-scale model including a landslide reduced-scale model (1), a bridge pier foundation (3), an anti-slide structure (2), and test elements in the test tank (10). S3: Force loading system setup: The force loading system (5) includes a counterweight platform (51) and a connecting member (52). The counterweight platform (51) is connected to the anti-sliding structure (2) through the connecting member (52) and is used to apply a tensile force to the anti-sliding structure (2) towards the landslide front edge (4). The connecting member (52) is connected to the top of the anti-sliding structure (2). The counterweight platform (51) is used to apply a horizontal tensile force to the anti-sliding structure (2) towards the landslide front edge (4). S4: Test element connection: Connect the test elements to the data collector. The test elements include a number of horizontal displacement gauges (7), a number of earth pressure cells (8), and a number of strain gauges (9). The bridge pier and abutment foundation (3) at least includes a pile cap (31), and rear row foundation piles (32) and front row foundation piles (32) arranged in rows under the pile cap (31) along the landslide direction. The anti-sliding structure (2) includes anti-sliding piles arranged in rows. The strain gauges (9) are at least distributed on the front row foundation piles (32) and the rear row foundation piles (32). S5: Test load determination: Estimate the maximum test load according to the horizontal ultimate bearing capacity of the anti-sliding structure (2), and divide the maximum test load into several loading levels through calculation. S6: Test load application: According to the loading levels, the tensile force applied to the anti-sliding structure (2) by the force loading system (5) is increased step by step until the maximum test load is reached. S7: Test data statistics: Statistically analyze the test data collected by the test elements.

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