A biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system

Abstract

The invention discloses a biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon gas cogeneration gasification system, including a gasifier, a cooling water tank and several groups of gas purification systems, the gas purification system including a sand filter tank, a cooling tank, a filter, a centrifugal separator, a Roots blower and a gas storage tank connected in series in sequence by a gas transmission pipe B; the gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the air inlet of the sand filter tank through a gas transmission pipe A, and a gas exchange valve is arranged on the gas transmission pipe A, the coke outlet of the coke outlet bucket and the bottom ends of the sand filter tank, the cooling tank, the filter and the centrifugal separator are respectively connected to a liquid storage tank through a liquid discharge pipe, and the liquid exchange port at the bottom of the liquid storage tank and the liquid release port of the gas storage tank are connected to the liquid storage tank through a liquid exchange pipeline. The invention realizes the efficient separation of the biomass fuel gas generated by the gasifier from other impurities, and compared with the prior art, significantly improves the purification efficiency of the biomass fuel gas, improves its purity, and thus improves its combustion efficiency.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the field of biomass fuel gas preparation and purification systems, in particular to a biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system. Background Art

[0002] The efficient conversion of biomass energy has become a major research topic in the energy field. At present, the main biomass energy conversion technologies include biomass gasification, liquefaction, solidification and direct combustion technologies, among which biomass gasification technology is an important means to achieve biomass energy conversion. Biomass gasification refers to the process in which biomass raw materials (straw, sawdust, firewood, etc.) are sent into a gasifier for cracking under anaerobic conditions after being pressed or simply crushed. The principle is that under certain thermodynamic conditions, with the help of part of the air or oxygen, water vapor, the biomass polymers undergo cracking, oxidation, reduction, and reforming reactions, and the tar associated with pyrolysis is further thermally cracked or catalytically cracked into small molecular hydrocarbons, such as a mixed gas containing CO, H2, and CH4, namely biomass fuel gas.

[0003] At present, biomass gasification and purification systems have been promoted and applied in many provinces of my country. In villages where farmers live in a relatively concentrated area, a straw biomass gasification station is built, and the combustible gas is connected to each household with a pipeline, which can solve the gas fuel used for cooking and heating for the entire village residents. The main equipment of the existing biomass gasification and purification system includes a shredder, a feeding device, a downflow gasifier, a cyclone separator, a cooler, a filter, a fan, a water seal, a variable volume gas storage tank (gas cabinet), a flame arrester, etc. The combustible gas produced by the gasifier of this centralized gas supply system is purified and cooled after passing through a cyclone separator, a cooler, and a filter. The flow of gas is realized by the suction force of the fan. The gas from the fan has a certain pressure and is sent to the variable volume gas storage tank through the water seal. The variable volume gas storage tank is divided into two types: dry type and wet type. The gas in the variable volume gas storage tank can maintain a constant pressure. The pressure value must ensure the required pressure in front of the user's stove farthest from the gasification station. At present, the gas pressure value of the variable volume gas storage tank is mostly P=4000-5000Pa, which belongs to low-pressure gas storage. The existing biomass gasification and purification system generally has the technical problem of low purification efficiency, resulting in low purity of the treated biomass gas and insufficient combustion efficiency. Summary of the invention

[0004] In order to solve the above technical problems, the purpose of the present invention is to provide a biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system that can continuously produce gas and significantly improve the purification efficiency and purity of biomass fuel gas.

[0005] In order to achieve the above technical objectives, the technical solution adopted by the present invention is: a biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system, including a gasifier, a cooling water tank and several groups of gas purification systems, the gas purification system includes a sand filter tank, a cooling tank, a filter, a centrifugal separator, a Roots blower and a gas storage tank connected in series in sequence by a gas transmission pipe B, the gas outlet of the gasifier is connected to the gas inlet of the sand filter tank through a gas transmission pipe A, and a gas exchange valve is provided on the gas transmission pipe A; a cooling water jacket A is provided on the gasifier, a cooling water jacket B is provided on the outer wall of the filter, a cooling zone is provided inside the cooling tank, and a cooling water inlet is respectively provided at the lower part of the cooling water jacket A, the cooling water jacket B, and the cooling zone, and a cooling water outlet is respectively provided at the upper part, a return water port and a water replenishment port are provided at the upper part of the side of the cooling water tank, and a water outlet is provided at the lower part, the water outlet is connected to the cooling water inlet through a water inlet pipe, and the return water port is connected to the cooling water outlet through a return water pipe.

[0006] Furthermore, the ventilation valve is a three-way structure, wherein the A port and the B port are connected to the gas pipe A, and the C port is connected to the outside air, and the A port and the C port are respectively provided with control valves.

[0007] Furthermore, a volume tank is provided between the centrifuge and the Roots blower, the air inlet of the volume tank is connected to the air outlet of the centrifuge through the air supply pipe B, and the air outlet of the volume tank is connected to the air inlet of the Roots blower through the air supply pipe B.

[0008] Furthermore, the top of the gasifier is provided with an oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe and a feeding port, the middle is provided with a gas collecting pipe and an ignition inspection port with a quick-opening door, the lower part is provided with a gas belt, and the bottom is connected to a detachable carbon outlet box, the gas collecting pipe extends into the interior of the gasifier and a carbon-blocking gas collecting plate is provided at its end, the tail end of the gas collecting pipe is connected to the gas belt through a gas collecting cooling pipe, a gas outlet is provided on the side of the gas belt, and a coke outlet bucket is provided at the bottom, a sewage outlet is provided on the side of the coke outlet bucket, and a coke outlet is provided at the bottom, and a through hole is provided on the connecting plate between the gas belt and the coke outlet bucket, and a carbon outlet auger is provided in the carbon outlet box; the cooling water jacket A is provided on the gasifier body and the gas collecting cooling pipe and the outer wall of the gas belt and is interconnected, and an adjusting control valve is provided on the gas collecting cooling pipe.

[0009] Furthermore, the bottom ends of the coke outlet, sand filter tank, cooling tank, filter, centrifuge and volume tank are respectively connected to liquid storage boxes, and the bottoms of the liquid storage box and gas storage tank are connected to the liquid storage tank through liquid exchange pipes. The liquid storage tank is provided with an extraction pipe, and the liquid exchange pipes are provided with a number of regulating control valves.

[0010] Furthermore, a pressure supply pipe is connected to the top of the liquid accumulation box, and the pressure supply pipe is connected to the air output port of the air tank. An air input port is opened at the lower side of the air tank, a pressure relief port is opened at the top, and a pressure gauge is arranged on the top of the air tank. Liquid level gauges are arranged on the side walls of the liquid accumulation box, the cooling water tank and the bottom side walls of the air storage tank, and a number of regulating control valves are arranged on the pressure supply pipe.

[0011] Furthermore, an exhaust port is provided at the top of the cooling water tank and a slag removal port is provided at the bottom, and a plurality of regulating control valves are provided on the water inlet pipe, the water return pipe, the air supply pipe A and the air supply pipe B respectively.

[0012] Furthermore, a fixed plate A and a fixed plate B are horizontally fixed in the cooling tank, and the fixed plates A and B divide the cooling tank from top to bottom into an upper air bin, a cooling zone and a lower air bin; the side of the upper air bin is connected to the air outlet of the sand filter tank through the air supply pipe B; a number of vertically distributed ventilation pipes A are evenly fixed in the cooling zone, and the upper and lower ends of the ventilation pipes A pass through the fixed plate A and the fixed plate B respectively, and the outside of the ventilation pipes A is a cooling water flow area; an air outlet pipe is passed through the middle of the fixed plates A and B, and the bottom end of the air outlet pipe is located in the lower air bin, and the top end passes through the upper air bin and is connected to the air inlet of the filter through the air supply pipe B.

[0013] Furthermore, the top of the filter is connected to the air inlet of the centrifuge through the air supply pipe B, a cooling water jacket B is provided on the outside, a horizontally arranged fixed plate C is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inside, an air-blocking buffer screen plate is fixedly connected to the middle part of the upper surface of the fixed plate C through a support column, and a ventilation pipe B is connected to the middle part of the lower surface, the bottom end of the ventilation pipe B is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body of the filter through a screen plate, a spiral flow channel distributed from top to bottom is fixedly provided around the outer wall of the ventilation pipe B, and an air inlet is opened on the tank body near the top of the spiral flow channel.

[0014] Furthermore, a fire-resistant layer is fixed in the area where the gas collecting pipe and the ignition inspection port are set, a smoke-blocking valve is set in the middle of the oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe, and a water injection port is opened on the side of the gas belt.

[0015] Compared with the prior art, the present invention has the following technical effects:

[0016] (1) The present invention adopts a gasifier and a gas purification system consisting of a sand filter tank, a cooling tank, a filter, a centrifugal separator, a Roots blower and a gas storage tank, thereby achieving efficient separation of the biomass fuel gas generated by the gasifier from other impurities. Compared with the prior art, the purification efficiency of the biomass fuel gas is significantly improved, its purity is improved, and thus its combustion efficiency is improved.

[0017] (2) The present invention adopts an integrally formed gasifier, the top of which is provided with a feeding port, which can realize a large amount of feeding at one time or continuous feeding, laying the foundation for the continuous operation of the gasifier; the main part will use the principle of thermodynamics to crack the ignited biomass raw materials into biomass gas, tar, biomass charcoal and other components, and use a gas collecting pipe to realize the maximum collection of biomass gas and other gas components such as gasified tar, and introduce them into the gas belt through the gas collecting cooling pipe for temporary storage; the biomass charcoal produced by cracking will be discharged from the charcoal outlet screw in the charcoal outlet box. Therefore, the gasifier of the present invention can significantly improve the catalytic efficiency of the gasifier, thereby increasing its gas production speed and reducing the consumption of gas by cracking, and the furnace body has a large space and few blocking components, which can effectively increase the raw material stacking density, increase the gas production and gas production uniformity and continuity, thereby improving the utilization rate of biomass raw materials, and at the same time can significantly improve the thermal efficiency of the gasifier and reduce the gasification energy consumption.

[0018] (3) The present invention provides a cooling water jacket A on the gasifier, which can not only effectively reduce the temperature of the furnace body and the gas collecting pipe and extend their service life, but also effectively improve the condensation efficiency of steam such as wood tar and wood vinegar, so that they can be condensed to the maximum extent in the gas collecting pipe and the gas collecting cooling pipe and discharged through the coke outlet bucket at the bottom of the gas belt to enter the next processing step, which is of great significance to improving the purity of biomass fuel gas.

[0019] (4) The present invention introduces the biomass fuel gas generated by the gasifier into a sand filter tank and utilizes the sand filtration principle to achieve efficient separation of gas and liquid impurities, thereby effectively improving the purity of the gas and having significant promotion prospects.

[0020] (5) The present invention is provided with a cooling tank after the sand filter tank, in which the interior of the tank body is divided into an upper gas chamber, a cooling water flow zone and a lower gas chamber from top to bottom by using fixed plates A and B. The upper gas chamber can not only buffer the pressure of the mixed gas, but also ensure the uniformity of the rate at which the mixed gas flows into the cooling water flow zone. The cooling water flow zone uses cooling water in the opposite direction to the gas flow direction, which can effectively improve the cooling efficiency and ensure the cooling effect. The lower chamber cleverly utilizes the gravity difference between liquid and gas, which can significantly improve the separation efficiency.

[0021] (6) The filter of the present invention adopts a method of setting a spiral flow channel in the tank body, which prolongs the flow distance of the gas, significantly reduces the downward flow speed of the gas after entering the tank body, slows down the smoothness of the gas downward flow, improves the condensation efficiency of oil and grease impurities, and improves the efficiency of gas-liquid separation and the purity of the gas.

[0022] (7) The present invention sets a centrifuge after the filter, which cleverly utilizes the significant density difference between gas and liquid impurities. After the gas carrying liquid impurities enters the middle vent pipe in the tank body, the liquid impurities will be quickly thrown out from the mesh of the middle vent pipe under the action of centrifugal force, and continue to be thrown to the inner wall of the tank body. During this process, the gas will continue to flow upward through the middle vent pipe and enter the next processing link from the gas outlet. The thrown liquid impurities will adhere to the screen or the inner wall of the tank body, and then due to their own gravity, they will gather at the bottom of the tube body and enter the liquid storage tank through the liquid discharge pipe for storage, thereby achieving efficient separation of gas and liquid impurities, ensuring the purity and cleanliness of the gas, and having significant promotion prospects.

[0023] (8) The present invention is provided with a liquid storage tank connected to the lower part of the gasifier's coke hopper, sand filter tank, cooling tank, filter, centrifuge, volume tank and gas storage tank, which can effectively collect the liquid impurities generated in each processing link, thereby preventing the liquid from flowing into the external environment, causing environmental pollution and waste of resources. At the same time, by arranging a liquid level gauge on the side of the liquid storage tank, it is greatly convenient to understand the storage amount of liquid impurities in the liquid storage tank in real time, and by connecting a pressure supply pipe to the top of the liquid storage tank, it can effectively solve the technical problem of the difficulty of draining liquid caused by the adhesive force between oily impurities and the inner wall of the liquid storage tank. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0024] Figure 1 It is a schematic diagram of the connection structure of the present invention.

[0025] Figure 2 It is a schematic structural diagram of the gasifier of the present invention.

[0026] Figure 3 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling tank of the present invention.

[0027] Figure 4 for Figure 3 Top view of the middle AA surface.

[0028] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of the structure of the filter of the present invention.

[0029] Figure 6 It is a schematic structural diagram of the cooling water tank of the present invention.

[0030] Figure 7 It is a structural schematic diagram of the ventilation valve of the present invention.

[0031] Figure 8 It is a schematic structural diagram of the air tank of the present invention.

[0032] In the figure: 1, gasification furnace, 2, cooling water tank, 3, sand filter tank, 4, cooling tank, 5, filter, 6, centrifugal separator, 7, volume tank, 8, Roots blower, 9, gas storage tank, 10, air tank, 11, liquid storage tank, 12, water inlet pipe, 13, return pipe, 14, gas pipeline A, 15, pressure pipe, 16, liquid exchange pipeline, 17, air exchange valve, 171, A port, 172, B port, 173, C port, 174, control valve, 18, liquid accumulation box, 19, gas pipeline B, 20, water outlet, 21, return water port, 22, exhaust port, 23, water supply port, 24, liquid level meter, 25, slag cleaning port, 26, air output port, 27, pressure release port, 28, air input port, 29, pressure gauge, 30, cooling water jacket A, 31, refractory layer, 32, carbon blocking collector Gas plate, 33, gas collecting pipe, 34, gas outlet, 35, water injection port, 36, cooling water inlet, 37, coke outlet, 38, coke outlet auger, 39, coke outlet box, 40, sewage outlet, 41, coke outlet bucket, 42, gas belt, 43, gas collecting cooling pipe, 44, quick opening door, 45, ignition inspection port, 46, cooling water outlet, 47, smoke valve, 48, oxygen-blocking exhaust pipe, 49, feeding port, 50, cooling zone, 51, fixed plate A, 52, upper gas bin, 53, gas outlet pipe, 54, fixed plate B, 55, lower gas bin, 56, ventilation pipe A, 57, cooling water flow zone, 58, spiral flow channel, 59, support column, 60, gas blocking buffer screen plate, 61, fixed plate C, 62, ventilation pipe B, 63, screen plate, 64, cooling water jacket B, 65, extraction pipe. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0033] The present invention will be further described below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings.

[0034] like Figure 1 , 2 , 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8 show a biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system, comprising a gasifier 1, a cooling water tank 2 and a plurality of gas purification systems, the gas purification system comprising a sand filter tank 3, a cooling tank 4, a filter 5, a centrifugal separator 6, a Roots blower 8 and a gas storage tank 9 connected in series in sequence by a gas transmission pipe B19, the gas outlet 34 of the gasifier 1 is connected to the air inlet of the sand filter tank 3 through a gas transmission pipe A14, and a gas exchange valve 17 is provided on the gas transmission pipe A14; the gasifier 1 is provided with a cooling water jacket A30, a cooling water jacket B64 is provided on the outer wall of the filter 5, a cooling zone 50 is provided inside the cooling tank 4, a cooling water inlet 36 is respectively provided at the lower part of the cooling water jacket A30, the cooling water jacket B64 and the cooling zone 50, a cooling water outlet 46 is respectively provided at the upper part, a return water port 21 and a water replenishment port 23 are provided at the upper part of the side of the cooling water tank 2, and a water outlet 20 is provided at the lower part, the water outlet 20 is connected to the cooling water inlet 36 through the water inlet pipe 12, and the return water port 21 is connected to the cooling water outlet 46 through the return water pipe 13.

[0035] Preferably, the ventilation valve 17 is a three-way structure, wherein the A port 171 and the B port 172 are connected to the air supply pipe A14, and the C port 173 is connected to the outside air, and the A port 171 and the C port 173 are respectively provided with a control valve 174.

[0036] Preferably, a volume tank 7 is also provided between the centrifuge 6 and the Roots blower 8, the air inlet of the volume tank 7 is connected to the air outlet of the centrifuge 6 via the air pipe B19, and the air outlet of the volume tank 7 is connected to the air inlet of the Roots blower 8 via the air pipe B19.

[0037] Preferably, the top of the gasifier 1 is provided with an oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe 48 and a feeding port 49, the middle is provided with a gas collecting pipe 33 and an ignition inspection port 45 equipped with a quick-opening door 44, the lower part is provided with a gas belt 42, and the bottom is connected with a detachable carbon outlet box 39, the gas collecting pipe 33 extends into the interior of the gasifier 1 and a carbon-blocking gas collecting plate 32 is provided at its end, the tail end of the gas collecting pipe 33 is connected to the gas belt 42 through a gas collecting cooling pipe 43, a gas outlet 34 is provided on the side of the gas belt 42, a coke outlet hopper 41 is provided at the bottom, a sewage outlet 40 is provided on the side of the coke outlet hopper 41, a coke outlet 37 is provided at the bottom, and a through hole is provided on the connecting plate between the gas belt 42 and the coke outlet hopper 41, and a carbon outlet auger 38 is provided in the carbon outlet box 39; the cooling water jacket A30 is provided on the furnace body of the gasifier 1 and the outer wall of the gas collecting cooling pipe 43 and the gas belt 42 and is interconnected, and an adjusting control valve is provided on the gas collecting cooling pipe 43.

[0038] Preferably, the bottom ends of the coke outlet 37, the sand filter tank 3, the cooling tank 4, the filter 5, the centrifuge 6 and the volume tank 7 are respectively connected to a liquid storage box 18, and the bottoms of the liquid storage box 18 and the gas storage tank 9 are connected to the liquid storage tank 11 through a liquid exchange pipe 16. The liquid storage tank 11 is provided with a withdrawal pipe 65, and the liquid exchange pipe 16 is provided with a plurality of regulating control valves.

[0039] Preferably, a pressure supply pipe 15 is connected to the top of the liquid storage tank 18, and the pressure supply pipe 15 is connected to the air output port 26 of the air tank 10. An air input port 28 is opened at the lower side of the air tank 10, and a pressure relief port 27 is opened at the top. A pressure gauge 29 is arranged on the top of the air tank 10, and liquid level gauges 24 are arranged on the side walls of the liquid storage tank 18, the cooling water tank 2 and the bottom side walls of the air storage tank 9. A plurality of regulating control valves are arranged on the pressure supply pipe 15.

[0040] Preferably, the cooling water tank 2 is provided with an exhaust port 22 at the top and a slag removal port 25 at the bottom, and a plurality of regulating control valves are respectively provided on the water inlet pipe 12, the water return pipe 13, the air supply pipe A14 and the air supply pipe B19.

[0041] Preferably, a fixing plate A51 and a fixing plate B54 are horizontally fixedly arranged in the cooling tank 4, and the fixing plates A51 and B54 divide the cooling tank 4 from top to bottom into an upper air bin 52, a cooling zone 50 and a lower air bin 55; the side of the upper air bin 52 is connected to the air outlet of the sand filter tank 3 through the air supply pipe B19; a plurality of vertically distributed ventilation pipes A56 are evenly fixed in the cooling zone 50, and the upper and lower ends of the ventilation pipes A56 pass through the fixing plate A51 and the fixing plate B54 respectively, and the outside of the ventilation pipe A56 is a cooling water flow zone 57; an air outlet pipe 53 is passed through the middle of the fixing plates A51 and B54, and the bottom end of the air outlet pipe 53 is located in the lower air bin 55, and the top end passes through the upper air bin 52 and is connected to the air inlet of the filter 5 through the air supply pipe B19.

[0042] Preferably, the top of the filter 5 is connected to the air inlet of the centrifuge 6 through an air supply pipe B19, a cooling water jacket B64 is provided on the outside, and a horizontally arranged fixed plate C61 is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inside. The middle part of the upper surface of the fixed plate C61 is fixedly connected to an air-blocking buffer screen plate 60 through a support column 59, and a ventilation pipe B62 is connected to the middle part of the lower surface. The bottom end of the ventilation pipe B62 is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body of the filter 5 through a screen plate 63. The outer wall of the ventilation pipe B62 is fixedly surrounded by a spiral flow channel 58 distributed from top to bottom, and an air inlet is opened on the tank body near the top of the spiral flow channel 58.

[0043] Preferably, a fire-resistant layer 31 is fixed to the area where the gas collecting pipe 33 and the ignition inspection port 45 are arranged, a smoke-blocking valve 47 is arranged in the middle of the oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe 48 , and a water injection port 35 is opened on the side of the gas belt 42 .

[0044] The working process of the present invention is as follows:

[0045] Before work, inject sufficient tap water into the cooling water tank 2 from the water replenishment port 23, connect the Roots blower 8 to the power supply, ensure that the sewage outlet 40 and the coke outlet 37 are in a closed state, connect the water injection port 35 to the tap water pipe, and inject water into the air belt 42. After the water enters the air belt 42, it will penetrate downward through the through hole into and fill the coke outlet 41, and gradually fill the air belt 42. When the water level is higher than the connection between the air collecting cooling pipe 43 and the air belt 42, stop injecting water; connect the air input port 28 of the air tank 10 to the air compressor so that sufficient air is stored in it. During this process, pay attention to the scale of the pressure gauge 29. If the pressure reaches the upper limit, open the pressure relief port 27 in time to relieve the pressure; connect the gas outlet of the gas storage tank 9 to the gas inlet of the boiler, and start the power system of the centrifuge 6 at the same time; at this time, use an automatic feeding system or manual method to continuously feed the biomass charcoal from the feeding port 49 into the gasifier 1, until the area below the ignition inspection port 45 is completely filled with biomass charcoal, stop feeding, and add pre-treated biomass raw materials (the feeding method and path are the same as the biomass charcoal addition method) until the biomass raw materials fill the gasifier 1.

[0046] At this time, the Roots blower 8 is turned on, and a small amount of air is drawn into the furnace body 1 from the feeding port 49 and the oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe 48. The ignition is ignited at the ignition inspection port 45 by manual or automatic ignition. After ignition, the quick-opening door 44 at the ignition inspection port 45 is closed. At this time, the biomass raw material will be cracked under the thermodynamic action of the oxygen-deficient environment to produce biomass gas, wood tar, wood vinegar, etc., and the wood tar, wood vinegar, etc. will also evaporate into gas under the high temperature generated by continuous combustion. Due to the continuous operation of the Roots blower 8, the mixed gas of biomass gas and other gases will enter the gas collecting pipe 33 from the carbon-blocking gas collecting plate 32 respectively, and flow into the air belt 42 from the corresponding gas collecting cooling pipe 43. After the mixed gas enters the air belt 42, the gas components will flow upward. During the flow process, the water in the air belt 42 will wash the carbon powder and ash contained therein. In this process and after the mixed gas enters the air belt 42, the mixed gas is affected The low temperature of the gas collecting pipe 33, the gas collecting cooling pipe 43 and the cooling water jacket A30 outside the gas belt 42 cools the wood vinegar, wood tar and other gases in the mixed gas into a liquid state. Therefore, after the mixed gas enters the gas belt 42, the wood vinegar, wood tar and other liquids will enter the coke outlet 41 through the filter plate. At this time, the A port 171 of the air exchange valve 17 is opened to control the valve 174, and the biomass gas and other gases that may be mixed (including uncooled part of the wood tar and wood vinegar vapor) will flow into the biomass gas purification system for purification treatment under the action of the induced draft fan or the Roots blower 8; in this process, along with the continuous cracking of the biomass straw and the continuous output of the biomass gas, biochar will also be continuously produced, and the biochar will enter the charcoal outlet box 39 under the action of gravity. It only needs to turn on the drive motor of the charcoal outlet auger 38 to continuously discharge the biomass charcoal added before production and the biomass charcoal produced by subsequent cracking.

[0047] The biomass gas flowing out of the gas outlet 34 of the gasifier 1 and other gases that may be mixed with it (including uncooled part of the wood tar and wood vinegar vapor) will first enter the sand filter tank 3. The biomass gas and other gases that may be mixed with it will inevitably produce friction with the sand and gravel in the sand filter tank 3 during the flow process. In this process, the carbon powder and liquid impurities such as wood tar and wood vinegar that may be mixed in it can be scraped off. The scraped carbon powder, wood tar, wood vinegar and other impurities will flow downward into the liquid storage box 18, and the biomass gas will be discharged from the gas outlet of the sand filter tank 3 and enter the cooling tank 4 through the gas pipe B19 for further treatment; the biomass gas entering the cooling tank 4 The biomass gas will first enter the upper gas bin 52, and flow downward from the vent pipe A56 into the lower gas bin 55. Since the outer side of the vent pipe A56 is a cooling water flow area 57, the biomass gas will inevitably be affected by the low temperature during this process, so that the wood vinegar and wood tar vapor that may still be carried in it will be cooled and enter the liquid storage tank 18 from the bottom of the lower gas bin 55. The cooled biomass gas will flow upward from the outlet pipe 53 and enter the filter 5 through the gas pipe B19 after being discharged from the outlet. The biomass gas entering the filter 5 will flow downward along the spiral flow channel 58. Since the outer wall of the filter 5 is provided with a cooling water jacket B64, During the flow, the biomass gas will inevitably be affected by the low temperature, and the wood vinegar and wood tar vapor that may still be carried in it will be cooled. The wood vinegar and wood tar obtained by cooling will pass through the screen plate 63 and enter the bottom of the filter 5 together with the biomass gas. The wood vinegar and wood tar entering the bottom of the filter 5 will flow downward into the liquid storage tank 18 under the action of gravity, and the biomass gas will flow upward from the ventilation pipe B62 under the action of the Roots blower 8, and will be further scraped by the air blocking buffer screen plate 60 and discharged from the air outlet, and enter the centrifuge 6 through the gas transmission pipe B19; the biomass gas entering the centrifuge 6 will be subjected to a strong centrifugal effect, which will cause A small amount of liquid and solid impurities that may still be carried in the biomass gas will be further separated from the gas, and the separated impurities will enter the liquid storage tank 18 arranged at the bottom thereof, and the separated biomass gas will enter the solvent tank 7 through the gas pipe B19 under the action of the Roots blower 8, and will be carefully separated again and then sent to the gas storage tank 9 for storage by the Roots blower 8. During the long-term storage process, the very small amount of impurities that may be carried in the biomass gas will be further separated under the action of gravity and enter the liquid storage tank 18; if it is necessary to supply gas to the boiler, open the valve of the pipeline between the gas outlet of the gas storage tank 9 and the gas inlet of the boiler, and the clean biomass gas will continue to enter the boiler for combustion.

[0048] In the above process, it is only necessary to open the control valve on the liquid exchange pipeline 16, and the coke outlet 41, the sand filter tank 3, the cooling tank 4, the filter 5, the centrifuge 6, the volume tank 7, and the liquid storage box 18 below the air storage tank 9 will gradually flow into the liquid storage tank 11; since wood tar and wood vinegar are both oily substances, the flow rate may be relatively slow. In order to ensure smooth flow and discharge, the control valve on the pressure supply pipe 15 can be opened, so that the air in the air tank 10 gradually enters the top of each liquid storage box 18 to increase the pressure of the wood tar and wood vinegar.

[0049] In order to ensure continuous gas production, in the above process, an automatic feeding system or manual method can be used to continuously feed the biological raw materials into the gasifier 1 from the feeding port 49, and the above process is repeated; if it is necessary to stop gas production, stop feeding, close the feeding port 49 and the smoke-blocking air valve 47 to seal the furnace, and at the same time, close the control valve 174 at the A port 171 of the ventilation valve 17. At the same time, open the control valve 174 at the C port 173 to allow air to enter the gas pipeline B and the sand filter tank 3, the cooling tank 4, the filter 5, the centrifuge 6, the volume tank 7, the Roots blower 8 and the gas storage tank 9, so that all the residual biomass gas is discharged to ensure safety.

[0050] It should be noted that the above embodiments are only used to illustrate the technical solution of the present invention and are not intended to limit it. Although the present invention has been described in detail with reference to the embodiments, it should be understood by those skilled in the art that any modification or equivalent replacement of the technical solution of the present invention does not depart from the spirit and scope of the technical solution of the present invention and should be included in the scope of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. A biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system, comprising a gasifier (1), a cooling water tank (2) and a plurality of gas purification systems, characterized in that: The gas purification system comprises a sand filter tank (3), a cooling tank (4), a filter (5), a centrifugal separator (6), a Roots blower (8) and a gas storage tank (9) which are connected in series in sequence by an air supply pipe B (19); the gas outlet (34) of the gasifier (1) is connected to the gas inlet of the sand filter tank (3) through an air supply pipe A (14); the air supply pipe A (14) is provided with a gas exchange valve (17); the gasifier (1) is provided with a cooling water jacket A (30); the outer wall of the filter (5) is provided with a cooling water jacket B (64); the cooling tank (4) is provided with a cooling zone (50); the cooling water jacket A (30), The cooling water jacket B (64) and the cooling zone (50) are provided with a cooling water inlet (36) at the bottom and a cooling water outlet (46) at the top respectively; the cooling water tank (2) is provided with a return water port (21) and a water replenishment port (23) at the top and a water outlet (20) at the bottom; the water outlet (20) is connected to the cooling water inlet (36) via a water inlet pipe (12); the return water port (21) is connected to the cooling water outlet (46) via a water return pipe (13); a volume tank (7) is also provided between the centrifugal separator (6) and the Roots blower (8); the air inlet of the volume tank (7) is connected to the air supply pipe (14) via the air supply pipe (15); The pipe B (19) is connected to the air outlet of the centrifugal separator (6), and the air outlet of the volume tank (7) is connected to the air inlet of the Roots blower (8) through the air supply pipe B (19); the top of the gasifier (1) is provided with an oxygen-blocking exhaust pipe (48) and a feeding port (49), the middle is provided with a gas collecting pipe (33) and an ignition inspection port (45) equipped with a quick-opening door (44), the lower part is provided with an air belt (42), and the bottom is connected with a detachable carbon outlet box (39), the gas collecting pipe (33) extends into the interior of the gasifier (1) and a carbon-blocking gas collecting plate (32) is provided at its end, and the tail end of the gas collecting pipe (33) is connected to the gasifier (1) through a gas collecting cooling plate (44). The cooling pipe (43) is connected to the gas belt (42); a gas outlet (34) is provided on the side of the gas belt (42) and a coke outlet bucket (41) is provided on the bottom; a sewage outlet (40) is provided on the side of the coke outlet bucket (41) and a coke outlet (37) is provided on the bottom; a through hole is provided on the connecting plate between the gas belt (42) and the coke outlet bucket (41); a coke outlet auger (38) is provided in the coke outlet box (39); the cooling water jacket A (30) is provided on the furnace body of the gasification furnace (1) and the gas collecting cooling pipe (43) and the outer wall of the gas belt (42) and are interconnected; and a regulating control valve is provided on the gas collecting cooling pipe (43).

2. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The ventilation valve (17) is a three-way structure, wherein the A port (171) and the B port (172) are connected to the air delivery pipe A (14), and the C port (173) is connected to the outside air, and the A port (171) and the C port (173) are respectively provided with control valves (174).

3. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1 is characterized by: The bottom ends of the coke outlet (37), the sand filter tank (3), the cooling tank (4), the filter (5), the centrifugal separator (6), and the volume tank (7) are respectively connected to a liquid storage box (18); the bottoms of the liquid storage box (18) and the gas storage tank (9) are connected to a liquid storage tank (11) via a liquid exchange pipeline (16); an extraction pipe (65) is provided on the liquid storage tank (11); and a plurality of regulating control valves are provided on the liquid exchange pipeline (16).

4. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 3 is characterized by: The top of the liquid storage tank (18) is connected to a pressure supply pipe (15), and the pressure supply pipe (15) is connected to the air output port (26) of the air tank (10). The lower part of the side of the air tank (10) is provided with an air input port (28), and the top is provided with a pressure relief port (27). A pressure gauge (29) is provided on the top of the air tank (10). The side walls of the liquid storage tank (18), the cooling water tank (2) and the bottom side walls of the air storage tank (9) are all provided with liquid level gauges (24). The pressure supply pipe (15) is provided with a plurality of regulating control valves.

5. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The cooling water tank (2) is provided with an exhaust port (22) at the top and a slag removal port (25) at the bottom. The water inlet pipe (12), the water return pipe (13), the air delivery pipe A (14) and the air delivery pipe B (19) are respectively provided with a plurality of regulating control valves.

6. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fixing plate A (51) and a fixing plate B (54) are fixedly arranged horizontally in the cooling tank (4), and the fixing plates A (51) and B (54) divide the cooling tank (4) from top to bottom into an upper air bin (52), a cooling zone (50) and a lower air bin (55); the side of the upper air bin (52) is connected to the air outlet of the sand filter tank (3) through the air delivery pipe B (19); a plurality of vertically distributed ventilation pipes A (56) are evenly fixed in the cooling zone (50) The upper and lower ends of the ventilation pipe A (56) respectively penetrate the fixed plate A (51) and the fixed plate B (54), and the outside of the ventilation pipe A (56) is a cooling water flow area (57); the middle of the fixed plate A (51) and the fixed plate B (54) is penetrated by an air outlet pipe (53), the bottom end of the air outlet pipe (53) is located in the lower air bin (55), the top end passes through the upper air bin (52) and is connected to the air inlet of the filter (5) through the air delivery pipe B (19).

7. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The top of the filter (5) is connected to the air inlet of the centrifugal separator (6) through the air supply pipe B (19), a cooling water jacket B (64) is arranged on the outside, and a horizontally arranged fixed plate C (61) is fixedly connected to the upper part of the inside. The middle part of the upper surface of the fixed plate C (61) is fixedly connected to an air blocking buffer screen plate (60) through a support column (59), and the middle part of the lower surface is connected to a ventilation pipe B (62). The bottom end of the ventilation pipe B (62) is fixedly connected to the inner wall of the tank body of the filter (5) through a screen plate (63). The outer wall of the ventilation pipe B (62) is fixedly provided with a spiral flow channel (58) distributed from top to bottom, and the tank body near the top of the spiral flow channel (58) is provided with an air inlet.

8. The biomass thermal cracking water-cooled carbon-gas cogeneration gasification system according to claim 1, characterized in that: A fire-resistant layer (31) is fixed to the area where the gas collecting pipe (33) and the ignition inspection port (45) are arranged, a smoke-blocking valve (47) is arranged in the middle of the oxygen-blocking smoke exhaust pipe (48), and a water injection port (35) is opened on the side of the gas belt (42).

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