Structure of a hard gasket

Abstract

The structure of a hard gasket belongs to the technical field of sealing in high-pressure gas operation; it is composed of a gasket rubber layer and a metal layer. The combined structure of the rubber layer and the metal layer makes use of the fact that the hard sealing state of the metal can be applicable to an extremely wide temperature range, and the other is the use of the volume incompressibility of the rubber and the excellent elastic recovery performance of the rubber within a very wide temperature range. The applicable temperature range of the rubber layer is from -50°C to +200°C, achieving the effects of normal operation, oil resistance, and aging resistance.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention belongs to the technical field of sealing in the operation of high-pressure gases, and specifically relates to a structure of a hard gasket for solving the sealing problem of pipelines in a C02 air-conditioning system. Background Art

[0002] As is well known, when a C02 air-conditioning system is operating normally, its temperature can reach 140°C - 150°C, and the test temperature can reach above 180°C. Considering the extreme cold in winter in northern China, the C02 air-conditioning system should be able to operate normally within the temperature range of -40°C to +200°C. Under this working condition, the sealing problem becomes particularly prominent, and the existing sealing structures cannot ensure normal operation in the above extreme environments. Summary of the Invention

[0003] The present invention mainly solves the technical problems existing in the above-mentioned prior art, and provides a structure of a hard gasket.

[0004] The above technical problems of the present invention are mainly solved by the following technical solutions: A structure of a hard gasket, including a gasket, a male end pipe, and a female end pipe, characterized in that the gasket is in a disc shape, a middle hole is provided at the center of the gasket, the male end pipe includes a left end pipe, a middle end pipe, and a right end pipe, the outer diameter of the middle end pipe is larger than that of the left end pipe and the right end pipe, the female end pipe is provided with a large inner hole and a small inner hole, the large inner hole and the small inner hole are coaxial, the inner end plane of the large inner hole is perpendicular to the axis of the large inner hole, the right end pipe is arranged in the small inner hole, the middle end pipe is arranged in the large inner hole, the gasket includes a rubber layer and a metal layer, the outer diameter of the gasket matches the inner diameter of the large inner hole, the inner diameter of the middle hole matches the outer diameter of the right end pipe, the gasket is arranged between the male end pipe and the female end pipe, and the connection structure between the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe is one of the following structural forms:

[0005] Structural form one: The middle hole is a tapered hole with a larger left side and a smaller right side, the metal layer wraps around the right side and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer, a hard-sealing pressing ring one in the shape of a circular spike is provided at the junction of the middle end pipe and the right end pipe, and a hard-sealing circular inner groove one with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole;

[0006] Structural form two: The middle hole is a tapered hole with a larger left side and a smaller right side, the metal layer wraps around the outer circumferential surface, the right side, and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer, a hard-sealing pressing ring two in the shape of a circular spike is provided at the junction of the middle end pipe and the right end pipe, and a hard-sealing circular inner groove two with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole;

[0007] Structural form three: The middle hole is a straight through hole, the rubber layer is conical, the metal layer is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface and the right side surface of the rubber layer, a hard seal pressing ring three in the shape of an annular spike is provided on the right side at the outer circumference of the middle end pipe, and a hard seal annular inner groove three with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole;

[0008] Structural form four: The middle hole is a straight through hole, the rubber layer is conical, the metal layer is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface, the right side surface and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer, a hard seal pressing ring four in the shape of an annular spike is provided on the right side at the outer circumference of the middle end pipe, a hard seal annular inner groove four with a triangular cross-section is provided on the inner end plane of the large inner hole, and the positions of the hard seal pressing ring four and the hard seal annular inner groove four correspond to each other;

[0009] Structural form five: The middle hole is a straight through hole, the rubber layer in structural form five is a rubber ring, the metal layer is wrapped around the left side surface, the inner circumferential surface and the right side surface of the rubber ring, a hard seal pressing ring five in the shape of an annular spike is provided in the middle on the right side of the middle end pipe, a hard seal annular spike with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole, and the positions of the hard seal pressing ring five and the hard seal annular spike correspond to each other.

[0010] Preferably, the material of the metal layer is copper or aluminum, its thickness is not less than 0.01 mm, the overall thickness of the gasket is not less than 0.5 mm, and the metal layer can be replaced by a plastic layer.

[0011] The beneficial effects of the present invention are:

[0012] The gasket is composed of a rubber layer and a metal layer. The combined structure of the rubber layer and the metal layer utilizes the fact that the hard seal state of the metal can be applicable to an extremely wide temperature range, and the other is the use of the volume incompressibility of the rubber and the excellent elastic recovery performance of the rubber in a very wide temperature range. The temperature range suitable for the rubber layer is from -50°C to +200°C, achieving the effects of normal operation, oil resistance and aging resistance.

[0013] Through the connection of the male end pipe and the female end pipe, the gasket is squeezed. In Structural Form 1, the hard seal pressing ring 1 squeezes the metal layer on the inner ring surface, causing the metal layer on the inner ring surface to be squeezed and deformed. The metal layer on the right side is squeezed into the hard seal annular inner groove 1, so that the metal layer of Structural Form 1 is firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole and the outer ring of the right end pipe; in Structural Form 2, the hard seal pressing ring 2 squeezes the metal layer on the inner ring surface, causing the metal layer on the inner ring surface to be squeezed and deformed. The metal layer on the right side is squeezed into the hard seal annular inner groove 2, and the rubber is squeezed and deformed so that the metal layer of Structural Form 1 is firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer ring surface of the right end pipe and the inner ring surface of the large inner hole; in Structural Form 3, the hard seal pressing ring 3 squeezes the metal layer on the outer ring surface, causing the metal layer on the outer ring surface to be squeezed and deformed. The metal layer on the right side is squeezed into the hard seal annular inner groove 3, so that the metal layer of Structural Form 3 is firmly pressed on the inner end surface of the large inner hole; in Structural Form 4, the hard seal pressing ring 4 squeezes the metal layer on the outer ring surface, causing the metal layer on the outer ring surface to be squeezed and deformed. The metal layer on the right side is squeezed into the hard seal annular inner groove 4, so that the metal layer of Structural Form 4 is firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer ring surface of the right end pipe and the inner ring surface of the large inner hole; in Structural Form 5, the hard seal pressing ring 5 and the hard seal annular spike press against each other, causing the metal layers on the left side, inner ring surface and right side to be squeezed and deformed. After deformation, the metal layers on the left side, inner ring surface and right side are firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer ring surface of the right end pipe and the right side surface of the middle end pipe; the above Structural Form 1, Structural Form 2, Structural Form 3, Structural Form 4 and Structural Form 5 all meet the sealing requirements of the present invention and can work properly under harsh conditions.

[0014] The annular spike-shaped hard seal pressing rings 1, 2, 3, 4 and 5, the hard seal annular inner grooves 1, 2, 3 and 4 with a triangular cross-section, and the hard seal annular spike with a triangular cross-section effectively achieve the effect of firmly squeezing the metal layer. Brief Description of the Drawings

[0015] Figure 1 is a schematic structural diagram of the gasket in Structural Form 1 of the present invention;

[0016] Figure 2 is a schematic structural diagram of the male end pipe in Structural Form 1 of the present invention;

[0017] Figure 3 is a schematic structural diagram of the female end pipe in Structural Form 1 of the present invention;

[0018] Figure 4It is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the male end pipe, gasket and female end pipe in the first structural form of the present invention;

[0019] Figure 5 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the gasket in the second structural form of the present invention;

[0020] Figure 6 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male end pipe in the second structural form of the present invention;

[0021] Figure 7 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female end pipe in the second structural form of the present invention;

[0022] Figure 8 It is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the male end pipe, gasket and female end pipe in the second structural form of the present invention;

[0023] Figure 9 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the gasket in the third structural form of the present invention;

[0024] Figure 10 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male end pipe in the third structural form of the present invention;

[0025] Figure 11 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female end pipe in the third structural form of the present invention;

[0026] Figure 12 It is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the male end pipe, gasket and female end pipe in the third structural form of the present invention;

[0027] Figure 13 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the gasket in the fourth structural form of the present invention;

[0028] Figure 14 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male end pipe in the fourth structural form of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 15 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female end pipe in the fourth structural form of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 16 It is a schematic diagram of a connection structure of the male end pipe, gasket and female end pipe in the fourth structural form of the present invention;

[0031] Figure 17 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the gasket in the fifth structural form of the present invention;

[0032] Figure 18 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the male end pipe in the fifth structural form of the present invention;

[0033] Figure 19 It is a schematic diagram of a structure of the female end pipe in the fifth structural form of the present invention;

[0034] Figure 20 This is a schematic diagram of a connection structure among the male end pipe, the gasket, and the female end pipe in the fifth structural form of the present invention.

[0035] In the figure: 1. Gasket; 2. Male end pipe; 3. Female end pipe; 4. Middle hole; 5. Left end pipe; 6. Middle end pipe; 7. Right end pipe; 8. Large inner hole; 9. Small inner hole; 10. Rubber layer; 11. Metal layer; 12. First hard seal pressing ring; 13. First hard seal annular inner groove; 14. Second hard seal pressing ring; 15. Second hard seal annular inner groove; 16. Third hard seal pressing ring; 17. Third hard seal annular inner groove; 18. Fourth hard seal pressing ring; 19. Fourth hard seal annular inner groove; 20. Fifth hard seal pressing ring; 21. Hard seal annular spike. Specific embodiments

[0036] The technical solution of the present invention will be further specifically described below through embodiments in combination with the accompanying drawings.

[0037] Embodiment: The structure of a hard gasket is as Figures 1 - 20 shown, including a gasket, a male end pipe, and a female end pipe. The gasket is in a disc shape. A middle hole is provided at the center of the gasket. The male end pipe includes a left end pipe, a middle end pipe, and a right end pipe. The outer diameter of the middle end pipe is larger than that of the left end pipe and the right end pipe. The female end pipe is provided with a large inner hole and a small inner hole, and the large inner hole and the small inner hole are coaxial. The inner end plane of the large inner hole is perpendicular to the axis of the large inner hole. The right end pipe is arranged in the small inner hole, and the middle end pipe is arranged in the large inner hole. The gasket includes a rubber layer and a metal layer. The outer diameter of the gasket matches the inner diameter of the large inner hole, and the inner diameter of the middle hole matches the outer diameter of the right end pipe. The gasket is arranged between the male end pipe and the female end pipe. The connection structure among the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe is one of the following structural forms:

[0038] Structural form one: The middle hole is a tapered hole with a larger left side and a smaller right side. The metal layer wraps around the right side and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer. A first hard seal pressing ring in the shape of an annular spike is provided at the junction of the middle end pipe and the right end pipe. A first hard seal annular inner groove with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole. The first hard seal pressing ring squeezes the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed. The metal layer on the right side is extruded into the first hard seal annular inner groove, so that the metal layer of the structural form one is firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole and the outer circumference of the right end pipe, realizing the sealing performance of the connection among the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe.

[0039] Structural form two: The middle hole is a conical hole that is larger on the left and smaller on the right. The metal layer is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface, the right side surface, and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer. At the junction of the middle end pipe and the right end pipe, there is a hard-sealing pressing ring two in the shape of a circular spike. In the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole, there is a hard-sealing circular inner groove two with a triangular cross-section. The hard-sealing pressing ring two squeezes the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed. The metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing circular inner groove two, making the metal layer of structural form one firmly press against the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer circumferential surface of the right end pipe, and the inner circumferential surface of the large inner hole, achieving the sealing performance of the connection between the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe.

[0040] Structural form three: The middle hole is a straight through-hole. The rubber layer is in a conical shape. The metal layer is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface and the right side surface of the rubber layer. On the right side of the outer circumference of the middle end pipe, there is a hard-sealing pressing ring three in the shape of a circular spike. In the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole, there is a hard-sealing circular inner groove three with a triangular cross-section. The hard-sealing pressing ring three squeezes the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed. The metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing circular inner groove three, making the metal layer of structural form three firmly press against the inner end surface of the large inner hole, achieving the sealing performance of the connection between the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe.

[0041] Structural form four: The middle hole is a straight through-hole. The rubber layer is in a conical shape. The metal layer is wrapped around the outer circumferential surface, the right side surface, and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer. On the right side of the outer circumference of the middle end pipe, there is a hard-sealing pressing ring four in the shape of a circular spike. On the inner end plane of the large inner hole, there is a hard-sealing circular inner groove four with a triangular cross-section, and the positions of the hard-sealing pressing ring four and the hard-sealing circular inner groove four correspond to each other. The hard-sealing pressing ring four squeezes the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed. The metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing circular inner groove four, making the metal layer of structural form four firmly press against the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer circumferential surface of the right end pipe, and the inner circumferential surface of the large inner hole, achieving the sealing performance of the connection between the gasket, the male end pipe, and the female end pipe.

[0042] Structural form five: The middle hole is a straight through hole, the rubber layer in Structural form five is a rubber ring, the metal layer wraps around the left side, inner ring surface and right side of the rubber ring, a hard seal pressing ring five in the shape of an annular spike is provided in the middle of the right side of the middle end pipe, and a hard seal annular spike with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole. The position of the hard seal pressing ring five corresponds to that of the hard seal annular spike; the hard seal pressing ring five and the hard seal annular spike are pressed against each other, causing the metal layer on the left side, inner ring surface and right side to be extruded and deformed. After deformation, the metal layer on the left side, inner ring surface and right side is firmly pressed against the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer ring surface of the right end pipe and the right side of the middle end pipe, realizing the sealing between the gasket, the male end pipe and the female end pipe.

[0043] The material of the metal layer is copper or aluminum, and its thickness is not less than 0.01 mm and it will not be squeezed and broken during deformation. The overall thickness of the gasket is not less than 0.5 mm, and the metal layer can be replaced by a plastic layer; this ensures better performance of the overall gasket during use.

[0044] Principle of the present invention:

[0045] As Figures 1 - 4 shown, the outer diameter of the gasket in Structural form one should be precisely matched with the large inner hole of the female end pipe, and the minimum diameter of the tapered hole of the gasket should be precisely matched with the outer diameter of the right end pipe; the spike-shaped hard seal pressing ring one of the male end pipe just touches the soft metal layer of the tapered hole of the gasket, and the soft metal end face on the right side of the gasket also just covers the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe. Then, an axial thrust is applied to press the male end pipe and the female end pipe, so that the hard seal pressing ring one on the male end pipe is in close contact with the soft metal layer on the tapered hole of the gasket and deforms. Similarly, between the right end plane of the gasket and the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe, due to the extrusion of the rubber under the thrust, the soft metal layer and the hard seal annular inner groove one are in close contact and deformed, thereby generating a sealing effect between the male end pipe and the female end pipe; the whole process utilizes the volume incompressibility of the rubber, and through the deformation of the rubber, the thrust applied to the male and female end pipes is effectively transferred to the metal layer, so that the metal layer contacts the hard seal pressing ring one and the hard seal annular inner groove one on the male and female end pipes to achieve the effect of hard seal. When pressing the male end pipe and the female end pipe, only axial force is allowed to be applied, and mutual rotation between the male end pipe and the female end pipe is not allowed.

[0046] As Figures 4 - 8As shown, in Structural Form II, the outer diameter of the gasket should be precisely matched with the large inner hole of the female end pipe, and the minimum diameter of the tapered hole of the gasket should be precisely matched with the outer diameter of the right end pipe; the spiked hard seal pressing ring II of the male end pipe just touches the soft metal layer of the tapered hole of the gasket, and the soft metal end face on the right side of the gasket also just covers the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe. Then, an axial thrust is applied to press the male end pipe and the female end pipe, so that the hard seal pressing ring II on the male end pipe is in close contact with the soft metal layer on the tapered hole of the gasket and deforms. Similarly, between the right end plane of the gasket and the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe, due to the rubber being squeezed by the thrust and deforming, the soft metal layer is in close contact with the hard seal annular inner groove II and deforms, thus generating a sealing effect between the male end pipe and the female end pipe; the entire process utilizes the volume incompressibility of the rubber, and through the rubber deformation, the thrust applied to the male and female end pipes is effectively transferred to the metal layer, enabling the metal layer to contact the hard seal pressing rings II and the hard seal annular inner grooves II on the male and female end pipes to achieve the hard seal effect. When pressing the male end pipe and the female end pipe, only axial force is allowed to be applied, and mutual rotation between the male end pipe and the female end pipe is not allowed.

[0047] As Figures 9 - 12 As described above, in Structural Form III, the gasket is cone-shaped, the middle hole of the gasket is a straight through hole, the left and right end faces of the gasket should be parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the middle hole, the maximum diameter end of the gasket is precisely matched with the large inner hole of the female end pipe, and the middle hole is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the right end pipe; the outer diameters of the male end pipe, the female end pipe, and the gasket should be coaxial, the gasket is in the shape of a cone-shaped hard seal, the spiked hard seal pressing ring III of the male end pipe just touches the soft metal layer on the outer ring surface of the gasket, and the soft metal end face on the right side of the gasket also just covers the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe. Then, an axial thrust is applied to press the male end pipe and the female end pipe, so that the hard seal pressing ring III on the male end pipe is in close contact with the soft metal layer on the outer ring surface of the gasket and deforms. Similarly, between the right end plane of the gasket and the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe, due to the rubber being squeezed by the thrust and deforming, the soft metal layer is in close contact with the hard seal annular inner groove III and deforms, thus generating a sealing effect between the male end pipe and the female end pipe; the entire process utilizes the volume incompressibility of the rubber, and through the rubber deformation, the thrust applied to the male and female end pipes is effectively transferred to the metal layer, enabling the metal layer to contact the hard seal pressing rings III and the hard seal annular inner grooves III on the male and female end pipes to achieve the hard seal effect. When pressing the male end pipe and the female end pipe, only axial force is allowed to be applied, and mutual rotation between the male end pipe and the female end pipe is not allowed.

[0048] As Figures 13 - 16As shown in the figure, in Structure Form Four, the gasket is conical. The middle hole of the gasket is a straight through hole. The left and right end faces of the gasket should be parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the middle hole. The largest diameter end of the gasket is precisely matched with the large inner hole of the female end pipe, and the middle hole is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the right end pipe. The outer diameters of the male end pipe, female end pipe, and gasket should be coaxial. The gasket is a hard seal in a conical shape. The spiked hard seal pressing ring four on the male end pipe just touches the soft metal layer on the outer circle surface of the gasket. The soft metal end face on the right side of the gasket also just covers the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe. Then, an axial thrust is applied to press the male end pipe and the female end pipe, so that the hard seal pressing ring four on the male end pipe is in close contact with the soft metal layer on the outer circle surface of the gasket and deforms. Similarly, between the right end plane of the gasket and the inner end plane of the large inner hole of the female end pipe, due to the rubber being squeezed by the thrust and deforming, the soft metal layer is in close contact and deformed with the hard seal annular inner groove four, thus generating a sealing effect between the male end pipe and the female end pipe. The entire process utilizes the volume incompressibility of the rubber. By deforming the rubber, the thrust applied to the male and female end pipes is effectively transferred to the metal layer, enabling the metal layer to contact the hard seal pressing ring four and the hard seal annular inner groove four on the male and female end pipes to achieve the hard seal effect. When pressing the male end pipe and the female end pipe, only an axial force is allowed to be applied, and it is not allowed for the male end pipe and the female end pipe to rotate relative to each other.

[0049] As Figures 17 - 20 shown in the figure, in Structure Form Five, the inner circle surface of the gasket is semi-circular. The left and right end faces of the gasket should be parallel and perpendicular to the axis of the middle hole. The largest diameter end of the gasket is precisely matched with the large inner hole of the female end pipe, and the middle hole is precisely matched with the outer diameter of the right end pipe. The large and small outer diameters on the male end pipe and the hard seal pressing ring five with a triangular cross-section protruding on the right end plane must be coaxial. The large and small inner holes on the female end pipe must be coaxial. The inner end plane must be perpendicular to the axis, and a hard seal annular spike with a triangular cross-section is machined on the inner end plane. After the male and female end pipes are pressed, the rubber layer is squeezed and deformed, forcing the soft metal layer to deform and tightly fit together with the hard seal pressing ring five and the hard seal annular spike on the male and female end pipes, thus generating a sealing effect. As Figure 20 shown in the figure, it can be seen that as long as the easy deformability and volume incompressibility of the rubber are fully utilized to force the soft metal layer to deform and tightly fit with the hard seal pressing ring five and the hard seal annular spike on the male and female end pipes, a sealing effect will be generated.

[0050] Finally, it should be pointed out that the above embodiments are only relatively representative examples of the present invention. Obviously, the present invention is not limited to the above embodiments and there can be many variations. Any simple modification, equivalent change, and modification made to the above embodiments based on the technical essence of the present invention should be considered to fall within the protection scope of the present invention.

Claims

1. Structure of a hard gasket, comprising a gasket (1), a male end pipe (2) and a female end pipe (3), characterized in that The gasket (1) is disc-shaped, and a central hole (4) is provided at the center of the gasket (1). The male end pipe (2) includes a left end pipe (5), a middle end pipe (6), and a right end pipe (7). The outer diameter of the middle end pipe (6) is larger than that of the left end pipe (5) and the right end pipe (7). The female end pipe (3) is provided with a large inner hole (8) and a small inner hole (9), and the large inner hole (8) and the small inner hole (9) are coaxial. The inner end plane of the large inner hole (8) is perpendicular to the axis of the large inner hole (8). The right end pipe (7) is arranged in the small inner hole (9), and the middle end pipe (6) is arranged in the large inner hole (8). The gasket (1) includes a rubber layer (10) and a metal layer (11). The outer diameter of the gasket (1) matches the inner diameter of the large inner hole (8), and the inner diameter of the central hole (4) matches the outer diameter of the right end pipe (7). The gasket (1) is arranged between the male end pipe (2) and the female end pipe (3). The connection structure among the gasket (1), the male end pipe (2), and the female end pipe (3) is one of the following structural forms: Structural form one: The central hole (4) is a tapered hole with a larger left end and a smaller right end. The metal layer (11) wraps around the right side surface and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer (10). A hard-sealing pressing ring one (12) with a ring-shaped spiky shape is provided at the junction of the middle end pipe (6) and the right end pipe (7). In the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole (8), a hard-sealing annular inner groove one (13) with a triangular cross-section is provided. The hard-sealing pressing ring one squeezes the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed, and the metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing annular inner groove one; Structural form two: The central hole (4) is a tapered hole with a larger left end and a smaller right end. The metal layer (11) wraps around the outer circumferential surface, the right side surface, and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer (10). A hard-sealing pressing ring two (14) with a ring-shaped spiky shape is provided at the junction of the middle end pipe (6) and the right end pipe (7). In the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole (8), a hard-sealing annular inner groove two (15) with a triangular cross-section is provided. The hard-sealing pressing ring two squeezes the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the inner circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed, and the metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing annular inner groove two; Structural form three: The central hole (4) is a straight through hole. The rubber layer (10) is cone-shaped. The metal layer (11) wraps around the outer circumferential surface and the right side surface of the rubber layer (10). A hard-sealing pressing ring three (16) with a ring-shaped spiky shape is provided on the right side at the outer circumference of the middle end pipe (6). In the middle of the inner end plane of the large inner hole (8), a hard-sealing annular inner groove three (17) with a triangular cross-section is provided. The hard-sealing pressing ring three squeezes the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed, and the metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard-sealing annular inner groove three; Structural form four: The middle hole (4) is a straight through hole, the rubber layer (10) is conical, the metal layer (11) is wrapped on the outer circumferential surface, the right side surface and the inner circumferential surface of the rubber layer (10), a hard seal pressing ring four (18) in the shape of an annular spike is provided on the right side at the outer circumference of the middle end pipe (6), a hard seal annular inner groove four (19) with a triangular cross-section is provided on the inner end plane of the large inner hole (8), the hard seal pressing ring four (18) corresponds to the position of the hard seal annular inner groove four (19), and the hard seal pressing ring four squeezes the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface, causing the metal layer on the outer circumferential surface to be extruded and deformed, and the metal layer on the right side surface is extruded into the hard seal annular inner groove four; Structural form five: The middle hole (4) is a straight through hole, the rubber layer (10) in structural form five is a rubber ring, the metal layer (11) is wrapped on the left side surface, the inner circumferential surface and the right side surface of the rubber ring, a hard seal pressing ring five (20) in the shape of an annular spike is provided in the middle on the right side of the middle end pipe (6), a hard seal annular spike (21) with a triangular cross-section is provided in the middle on the inner end plane of the large inner hole (8), the hard seal pressing ring five (20) corresponds to the position of the hard seal annular spike (21), and the hard seal pressing ring five and the hard seal annular spike are pressed against each other, causing the metal layer on the left side surface, the inner circumferential surface and the right side surface to be extruded and deformed, and after deformation, the metal layer on the left side surface, the inner circumferential surface and the right side surface is firmly pressed on the inner end plane of the large inner hole, the outer circumferential surface of the right end pipe and the right side surface of the middle end pipe.

2. The structure of a hard gasket according to claim 1, characterized in that The material of the metal layer (11) is copper or aluminum, the overall thickness of the gasket (1) is not less than 0.5 mm, and the metal layer (11) may be replaced by a plastic layer.

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