Electric vehicle electrical system

Abstract

The present application discloses an electric vehicle electrical system, including an intelligent control domain, a power drive domain, and an energy management domain that communicate through a bus. The intelligent control domain includes an intelligent control module, which is generated by integrating functional modules that realize vehicle control, vehicle positioning, data communication, remote operation, and information display; the power drive domain includes a motor controller and a motor, and the motor controller is used to control the motor to provide power output for the whole vehicle based on the drive bus signal output by the intelligent control domain; the energy management domain includes a charger and a battery pack, which is used to provide power for the whole vehicle. The present application can effectively improve the safety of the whole vehicle, realize the standardization of parts and components, and has good scalability and compatibility.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The present invention relates to the technical field of electrical system design, and in particular to an electrical system for an electric vehicle. Background Art

[0002] As the concept of environmental protection deepens and new energy develops rapidly, electric vehicles such as electric cars and electric motorcycles are gradually replacing traditional fuel vehicles as a means of transportation.

[0003] The existing electric vehicle electrical systems are all designed based on traditional electrical principles. The vehicle electrical system generally includes a motor controller, a battery management system, a central control system, an instrument, an alarm, and body accessories. The body accessories may include light switches, brake switches, accelerator switches, front and rear headlights, seat locks, etc. The existing electrical system design is decentralized, the functions are scattered, the vehicle safety is not high, and the parts cannot be standardized, which makes electric vehicles lack good scalability and compatibility. Summary of the invention

[0004] The purpose of the embodiment of the present invention is to provide an electric vehicle electrical system, which effectively improves the safety of the entire vehicle, realizes the standardization of components, and has good scalability and compatibility.

[0005] To solve the above technical problems, the embodiments of the present invention provide the following technical solutions:

[0006] An embodiment of the present invention provides an electric vehicle electrical system, including an intelligent control domain, a power drive domain, and an energy management domain communicating via a bus;

[0007] The intelligent control domain includes an intelligent control module, which is generated by integrating functional modules that realize vehicle control, vehicle positioning, data communication, remote operation and information display;

[0008] The power drive domain includes a motor controller and a motor, and the motor controller is used to control the motor to provide power output for the whole vehicle based on the drive bus signal output by the intelligent control domain;

[0009] The energy management domain includes a charger and a battery pack, which are used to provide power for the entire vehicle.

[0010] Optionally, the battery pack includes a high-voltage power supply module and a low-voltage power supply module;

[0011] The high-voltage power supply module is used to provide high-voltage power to the power drive domain and the charger; the low-voltage power supply module is used to provide low-voltage power to the intelligent control domain.

[0012] Optionally, the battery pack includes a battery cell module and a power conversion module;

[0013] The battery module is a high-voltage power supply composed of multiple lithium batteries connected in series, which is used to output high-voltage electrical signals;

[0014] The power conversion module is used to convert the high-voltage electrical signal output by the battery cell module into a low-voltage electrical signal according to a preset voltage conversion condition and output it.

[0015] Optionally, the battery cell module is used to output a voltage signal of 48V, 60V or 72V; and the power conversion module is used to output a voltage signal of 12V.

[0016] Optionally, the intelligent control domain, the power drive domain and the energy management domain communicate via a 485 bus or via a controller area network.

[0017] Optionally, the intelligent control module is generated by integrating the instrument, alarm, and vehicle body accessories into the central control system, and the vehicle body accessories are any one or any combination of the following:

[0018] Light switch, brake switch, accelerator switch, front and rear headlights, seat lock.

[0019] Optionally, the central control system also integrates dual-mode Bluetooth to support both classic BT traditional Bluetooth and BLE low-power Bluetooth;

[0020] Among them, the classic BT is used to implement incoming call reminders through the hands-free phone protocol, and the BLE is used as a data communication method between the user smart terminal and the vehicle terminal.

[0021] Optionally, the intelligent control domain further includes an image acquisition device, and the intelligent control module further integrates a functional module for implementing face recognition;

[0022] The intelligent control module is used to send a forced locking signal to the power drive domain to prevent the motor from being successfully started and to issue an alarm if it is detected that the face image of the person in the driver's seat is not an authorized user.

[0023] Optionally, the intelligent control module further integrates a functional module for implementing gesture recognition, which is used to generate a corresponding control signal by identifying gestures in the image data sent by the image acquisition device, and send the signal to a device that performs an operation corresponding to the control signal.

[0024] Optionally, the image acquisition device includes an infrared camera and a visible light camera.

[0025] The advantage of the technical solution provided by this application is that, based on the development and design ideas of standardized electrical architecture, the electrical system of electric vehicles is divided into multiple modules according to functional domains. The electrical system of the whole vehicle includes three functional domains: intelligent control, power drive and energy management. The integrated intelligent control domain can realize the required functions such as whole vehicle control, vehicle positioning, Bluetooth connection, data upload, remote control, information display, etc. by using only one device, which effectively improves the safety of the whole vehicle; through the allocation of functions of each system, the standardization of parts is achieved, with good scalability and compatibility. As an optional implementation method, this application can effectively avoid damage or failure of in-vehicle components caused by high-voltage power supply problems through dual power supply, which can not only extend the life of parts, but also further improve vehicle safety.

[0026] It is to be understood that the foregoing general description and the following detailed description are exemplary only and are not restrictive of the present disclosure. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0027] In order to more clearly illustrate the embodiments of the present invention or the technical solutions of the prior art, the drawings required for use in the embodiments or the description of the prior art will be briefly introduced below. Obviously, the drawings described below are only some embodiments of the present invention. For ordinary technicians in this field, other drawings can be obtained based on these drawings without paying creative work.

[0028] Figure 1 A structural block diagram of an electric vehicle electrical system in a specific implementation manner provided by an embodiment of the present invention;

[0029] Figure 2 A structural block diagram of a specific implementation of a battery pack provided in an embodiment of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0030] In order to enable those skilled in the art to better understand the scheme of the present invention, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and specific implementation methods. Obviously, the described embodiments are only part of the embodiments of the present invention, rather than all of the embodiments. Based on the embodiments of the present invention, all other embodiments obtained by ordinary technicians in this field without making creative work are within the scope of protection of the present invention.

[0031] The terms "first", "second", "third", "fourth", etc. in the specification and claims of this application and the above drawings are used to distinguish different objects rather than to describe a specific order. In addition, the terms "including" and "having" and any variations thereof are intended to cover non-exclusive inclusions. For example, a process, method, system, product or device that includes a series of steps or units is not limited to the listed steps or units, but may include steps or units that are not listed.

[0032] See also Figure 1 , Figure 1 A structural block diagram of an electric vehicle electrical system according to a specific implementation method provided in an embodiment of the present invention.

[0033] The electric vehicle electrical system may include an intelligent control domain, a power drive domain and an energy management domain. The intelligent control domain, the power drive domain and the energy management domain communicate through a bus. The bus communication method may adopt 485 communication or CAN communication. This does not affect the implementation of this application, that is, the intelligent control domain, the power drive domain and the energy management domain may communicate through the 485 bus or through the controller area network. In other words, each device in the intelligent control domain 1, the power drive domain 2 and the energy management domain 3 is a network node with bus communication, such as Figure 1 As shown, the dotted lines are communication lines.

[0034] In the present application, the intelligent control domain may include an intelligent control module 1, which integrates the functional modules for realizing vehicle control, vehicle positioning, data communication, remote operation and information display into one device. Among them, the vehicle control, for example, can integrate the vehicle body accessories such as the light switch 11, including the high and low beam switch, the steering switch, etc., the acceleration handle switch 12, the brake switch 13, etc. into the intelligent control module 1 and centrally control these vehicle body accessories through the intelligent control module 1, and drive the loads such as lights and speakers through hard wires, output acceleration signals and brake signals to the motor controller 21 of the power drive domain through the bus, and drive the motor 22 to accelerate or brake the vehicle. Vehicle positioning, for example, can integrate the GPS locator into the intelligent control module 1 to realize the vehicle positioning function, data communication, for example, can integrate wifi, Bluetooth, NFC and other devices for realizing data transmission and communication into the intelligent control module 1, so that the user and the vehicle terminal can communicate and transmit data, in addition, the vehicle instrument and display can be integrated into the intelligent control module 1 at the same time to realize functions such as information display and remote operation, and the information display can display information such as vehicle status, vehicle speed, and power.

[0035] The power drive domain of the present application includes a motor controller 21 and a motor 22. The motor controller 21 can be used to control the motor 22 to provide power output for the whole vehicle based on the drive bus signal output by the intelligent control domain. The motor controller 21 provides power output for the whole vehicle system, communicates with the battery pack 32 and the intelligent control module 1 of the energy management domain 3 through the bus, and displays and transmits real-time data such as vehicle speed and mileage for the actual vehicle drive control management.

[0036] In the embodiment of the present invention, the energy management domain 3 includes a charger 31 and a battery pack 32, which are used to provide power for the entire vehicle. The charger 31 provides charging power for the entire vehicle system, communicates with the battery pack 32 and the intelligent control module 1 through the bus, and realizes functions such as vehicle charging control, charging process monitoring, and charging protection control.

[0037] In the technical solution provided in the embodiment of the present invention, based on the standardized electrical architecture development and design ideas, the electrical system of the electric vehicle is divided into multiple modules according to the functional domains. The electrical system of the whole vehicle includes three functional domains: intelligent control, power drive and energy management. In the integrated intelligent control domain, only one device is used to realize the required functions such as whole vehicle control, vehicle positioning, Bluetooth connection, data upload, remote control, information display, etc., thereby effectively improving the safety of the whole vehicle. Through the allocation of functions of each system, the standardization of components is realized, and it has good scalability and compatibility.

[0038] In the related technology, the battery of the electric vehicle provides high-voltage power to the instrument, central control, alarm and other components, which are awakened by the key switch, one-button start switch or APP, and the whole vehicle exchanges data through network signals. As for the components such as the instrument, central control, and alarm, they have a relatively low working voltage requirement, and the network communication chip has a relatively low working voltage range requirement. For example, the 485 transceiver chip TP8485E has an operating voltage range of 0.3V-7V, and the AB line output voltage range is -9V-14V; the CAN transceiver chip TCAN 1042 has an operating voltage range of 4.5V-5.5V. Excessive power supply voltage can easily cause high-voltage damage to components and communication circuit failure. In view of this, this application has optimized the battery pack, please refer to Figure 2 , Figure 2 The dotted line represents the high-voltage power supply line, and the solid line represents the low-voltage power supply line. The battery pack provides two power supplies for the vehicle, one high-voltage power supply is used to drive the motor controller 21 and the motor 22, and the other low-voltage power supply is used to power low-voltage controllers such as the intelligent control module 1, which may include the following:

[0039] The battery pack 32 may include a high-voltage power supply module and a low-voltage power supply module; the high-voltage power supply module is used to provide high-voltage power to the power drive domain and the charger; the low-voltage power supply module is used to provide low-voltage power to the intelligent control domain.

[0040] Among them, the battery pack 32 may include a battery cell module 321 and a power conversion module 322. The battery cell module 321 is a high-voltage power supply composed of multiple lithium batteries connected in series, which is used to output high-voltage electrical signals; for example, 23 lithium batteries can be connected in series as a high-voltage power supply. The power conversion module 322 is used to convert the high-voltage electrical signal output by the battery cell module 321 into a low-voltage electrical signal according to a preset voltage conversion condition and output it. The preset voltage conversion condition can be determined based on the high-voltage electrical signal and the required low-voltage electrical signal. The power conversion module 322 can use any electronic device that can convert the high-voltage electrical signal into the required low-voltage electrical signal, and the present application does not impose any restrictions on this. The battery cell module 321 can be used to output a voltage signal of 48V, 60V or 72V. The high-voltage power supply such as Figure 2 The power conversion module 322 converts the high voltage power supply of the battery module 321 and outputs a 12V voltage signal, and the low voltage power supply is as follows: Figure 2 The battery pack 31 provides two power supplies for the vehicle system, and communicates with the intelligent control module 1, the charger 32, and the motor controller 21 through the bus; through signal interaction with the charger 32, charging control and protection are realized to ensure vehicle charging safety; through signal interaction with the intelligent control module 1, power information display and battery data upload to the enterprise background are realized to realize real-time monitoring and control of the battery; through signal interaction with the motor controller 21, energy management of vehicle discharge and energy recovery is realized to ensure vehicle discharge safety.

[0041] As can be seen from the above, the embodiment of the present invention can effectively avoid damage or failure of vehicle components caused by high-voltage power supply problems by using dual power supply, which can not only extend the life of components, but also further improve vehicle safety.

[0042] As an optional implementation method, in order to implement the technical solution of the present invention more conveniently and simply, this application targets the intelligent control domain function, and can integrate the central control + instrument + alarm commonly used in the industry to realize the functions required by the intelligent control domain, such as vehicle control, vehicle positioning, Bluetooth connection, data upload, remote control, information display, etc.; that is, the intelligent control module 1 can be generated by integrating the instrument, alarm, and body accessories into the central control system, and the body accessories are any one or any combination of the following:

[0043] Light switch, brake switch, accelerator switch, front and rear headlights, seat lock.

[0044] In some other implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, the central control system may also integrate dual-mode Bluetooth to simultaneously support classic BT traditional Bluetooth such as Bluetooth 3.0 and BLE low-power Bluetooth such as Bluetooth 4.0; classic BT is used to implement incoming call reminders through the hands-free phone protocol, and BLE is used as a data communication method between the user's smart terminal and the vehicle-mounted terminal.

[0045] In this embodiment, the central control collects the vehicle's switch signals, acceleration signals, and brake signals to drive electrical accessories such as lights, horns, and barrel locks; integrates functions such as instrument display and mobile communication module, communicates with other control units of the vehicle through bus communication, communicates with the enterprise management platform through 2G mobile wireless network, and displays vehicle information through the LCD screen; realizes GPS positioning, real-time vehicle status reporting, remote program upgrades, parameter queries, local data storage, low-power Bluetooth unlocking and short-range vehicle control, mobile phone APP interconnection, vehicle electrical accessories control and other functions.

[0046] As another optional implementation, in order to improve vehicle safety and protect the vehicle from being stolen, the intelligent control domain may further include an image acquisition device, and the intelligent control module may further integrate a functional module for implementing face recognition.

[0047] The image acquisition device is used to acquire the facial image of the driver's seat. The image acquisition device may include an infrared camera and a visible light camera. Both the infrared camera and the visible light camera can rotate 360 ​​degrees. A pressure sensor may be set in advance in the driver's seat. When there is someone in the driver's seat, the pressure sensor will send a pressure signal to trigger the image acquisition device to acquire an image of the person in the driver's seat, and send the acquired image to the intelligent control module 1. The intelligent control module 1 is also used to send a forced locking signal to the power drive domain to prevent the motor from being successfully started, and to issue an alarm if it is detected that the facial image of the person in the driver's seat is not an authorized user. Among them, the face recognition technology can adopt any face recognition method, and the face image recognition process can adopt the face recognition implementation method recorded in the relevant technology, which will not be repeated here.

[0048] In some other implementations of the embodiments of the present invention, in order to control the vehicle more simply and conveniently, the intelligent control module 1 may also integrate a functional module for implementing gesture recognition, which is used to generate a corresponding control signal by identifying the gestures in the image data sent by the image acquisition device, and send it to a device that executes the operation corresponding to the control signal.

[0049] In this embodiment, a gesture-control signal database can be pre-constructed. In the database, each gesture corresponds to a unique control signal. For example, if the gesture is a fist, the corresponding control signal is a vehicle braking signal; if the gesture is an index finger pointing forward, the corresponding control signal is a high beam turn-on signal; if the gesture is a palm, the corresponding control signal is turning on a multimedia device to automatically play music, etc. The gesture is detected by an image recognition algorithm, and then the corresponding control signal is matched for it in the gesture-control signal database.

[0050] In this specification, each embodiment is described in a progressive manner, and each embodiment focuses on the differences from other embodiments. The same or similar parts between the embodiments can be referred to each other. For the device disclosed in the embodiment, since it corresponds to the method disclosed in the embodiment, the description is relatively simple, and the relevant parts can be referred to the method part.

[0051] Professionals may further appreciate that the units and algorithm steps of each example described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein can be implemented in electronic hardware, computer software, or a combination of the two. In order to clearly illustrate the interchangeability of hardware and software, the composition and steps of each example have been generally described in the above description according to function. Whether these functions are performed in hardware or software depends on the specific application and design constraints of the technical solution. Professionals and technicians may use different methods to implement the described functions for each specific application, but such implementation should not be considered to be beyond the scope of the present invention.

[0052] The steps of the method or algorithm described in conjunction with the embodiments disclosed herein may be implemented directly using hardware, a software module executed by a processor, or a combination of the two. The software module may be placed in a random access memory (RAM), a memory, a read-only memory (ROM), an electrically programmable ROM, an electrically erasable programmable ROM, a register, a hard disk, a removable disk, a CD-ROM, or any other form of storage medium known in the art.

[0053] The above is a detailed introduction to an electric vehicle electrical system provided by the present invention. This article uses specific examples to illustrate the principles and implementation methods of the present invention. The description of the above embodiments is only used to help understand the method and core ideas of the present invention. It should be pointed out that for ordinary technicians in this technical field, without departing from the principles of the present invention, several improvements and modifications can be made to the present invention, and these improvements and modifications also fall within the scope of protection of the claims of the present invention.

Claims

1. An electric vehicle electrical system, characterized in that: It includes an intelligent control domain, a power drive domain and an energy management domain that communicate through a bus; the intelligent control domain is an integrated intelligent control domain that uses one device to simultaneously realize the control of the entire vehicle; The intelligent control domain includes an intelligent control module, which is generated by integrating functional modules that realize vehicle control, vehicle positioning, data communication, remote operation and information display; The power drive domain includes a motor controller and a motor, and the motor controller is used to control the motor to provide power output for the whole vehicle based on the drive bus signal output by the intelligent control domain; The energy management domain includes a charger and a battery pack, which are used to provide power for the entire vehicle; Among them, the battery pack includes a high-voltage power supply module and a low-voltage power supply module; the battery pack provides two power supplies for the vehicle system, and communicates with the intelligent control module, charger, and motor controller through the bus; by interacting with the charger signal, charging control and protection are realized to ensure vehicle charging safety; by interacting with the intelligent control module signal, power information display and battery data upload to the enterprise background are realized to realize real-time monitoring and control of the battery; by interacting with the motor controller signal, energy management of vehicle discharge and energy recovery is realized to ensure vehicle discharge safety; The high-voltage power supply module is used to provide high-voltage power for the power drive domain and the charger; the low-voltage power supply module is used to provide low-voltage power for the intelligent control domain; the battery pack includes a battery cell module and a power conversion module; the battery cell module is a high-voltage power supply composed of multiple lithium batteries connected in series, which is used to output a high-voltage electrical signal of 48V, 60V or 72V; the power conversion module is used to convert the high-voltage electrical signal output by the battery cell module into a low-voltage electrical signal of 12V according to preset voltage conversion conditions and output it.

2. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 1, characterized in that: The intelligent control domain, the power drive domain and the energy management domain communicate via a 485 bus or via a controller area network.

3. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intelligent control module is generated by integrating the instrument, alarm, and vehicle body accessories into the central control system. The vehicle body accessories are any one or any combination of the following: Light switch, brake switch, accelerator switch, front and rear headlights, seat lock.

4. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 3, characterized in that: The central control system also integrates dual-mode Bluetooth to support both classic BT traditional Bluetooth and BLE low-power Bluetooth; Among them, the classic BT is used to implement incoming call reminders through the hands-free phone protocol, and the BLE is used as a data communication method between the user smart terminal and the vehicle terminal.

5. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 1 or 2, characterized in that: The intelligent control domain also includes an image acquisition device, and the intelligent control module also integrates a functional module for realizing face recognition; The intelligent control module is used to send a forced locking signal to the power drive domain to prevent the motor from being successfully started and to issue an alarm if it is detected that the face image of the person in the driver's seat is not an authorized user.

6. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The intelligent control module also integrates a functional module for implementing gesture recognition, which is used to generate a corresponding control signal by recognizing the gesture in the image data sent by the image acquisition device, and send it to a device that performs an operation corresponding to the control signal.

7. The electric vehicle electrical system according to claim 5, characterized in that: The image acquisition device includes an infrared camera and a visible light camera.

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