Firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan

Abstract

The invention discloses a firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan, which comprises the following steps: preparing a body raw material and a glaze slurry; forming the body raw material by wheel throwing and trimming to obtain a body, and the body is left to dry and bisque fired; after glazing and drying, the body is placed in an electric kiln for firing. The process flow of the invention, such as the formula, firing atmosphere and temperature curve, is clear, easy to control, has good stability and a high yield rate. The fired Jianzhan glaze surface is persimmon red in color, has a crystal texture of overlapping peaks, and the glaze surface is smooth and moist, and has basically no pores.

Description

Technical Field

[0001] The invention relates to the technical field of porcelain, in particular to a firing method of Jian ware. Background Art

[0002] Jianzhan flourished in the late Northern Song Dynasty and the early and middle Southern Song Dynasty, and was the imperial tea set of the Song Dynasty. Jianzhan is famous for its unique artistic charm. Its main types include rabbit hair teacup, oil drop teacup, Yaobian teacup, and variegated glazes such as persimmon red, gray skin, and black gold.

[0003] Among them, the ancient persimmon red Jianzhan has an antique shape, elegant and interesting. It has neither bright colors nor colorful carvings and paintings, but it gives people a simple beauty and has a sophisticated level of craftsmanship.

[0004] The ancient craft of making Persimmon Red Jianzhan has been lost. The currently reported methods for making Persimmon Red Jianzhan have the following limitations: first, the selection of formula and process are unclear, making it difficult to make Persimmon Red Jianzhan; second, the prepared Persimmon Red Jianzhan is dull in color, old-fashioned in style, and lacks innovation and beauty. Summary of the invention

[0005] The purpose of the present invention is to provide a method for firing persimmon red Jian ware, which has a clear process flow and can produce novel and beautiful persimmon red Jian ware.

[0006] To achieve the above object, the present invention adopts the following technical solutions:

[0007] The firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan comprises the following steps:

[0008] (1) preparing green body raw materials and glaze slurry;

[0009] The green body raw material is prepared by the following method: 30 parts by weight of red clay, 10 parts by weight of field mud, and 60 parts by weight of kaolin are mixed, crushed, washed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, filtered, refined, and aged to obtain the green body raw material;

[0010] The glaze slurry is prepared by the following method: 60 parts by weight of glaze ore, 15 parts by weight of plant ash, 16 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, and 9 parts by weight of calcite are mixed to obtain a glaze material, 100 parts by weight of water are added, the mixture is put into a ball mill for grinding, and the mixture is passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a glaze slurry;

[0011] The red soil, field mud and kaolin were all taken from Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province, and the glaze ore was taken from Nanlin Village, Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province;

[0012] The glaze ore mainly contains the following components by weight: SiO2 60-65%, Al2O3 18-20%, and Fe2O3 8-10%.

[0013] In the glaze, it is necessary to properly control the content of flux and SiO2, so that the high temperature viscosity of the glaze is appropriate, which is conducive to the formation of crystals without causing the crystals to flow into strips. Too high Fe2O3 content will cause serious crystallization of the glaze surface and easily form dry glaze, while too low Fe2O3 content will make the formed crystal points small. In the experiment, the Fe2O3 content was controlled at 6-12wt%, the Al2O3 content was 16-20wt%, and the SiO2 content was 60-70wt%. Within this range, the glaze surface crystallized well.

[0014] (2) forming the green body raw material by wheel drawing and trimming to obtain a green body, and allowing the green body to stand and dry, and then biscuit firing;

[0015] (3) Glazing: Pour the glaze slurry into the body, leave it for 3-5 seconds, then turn the body upside down and immerse it in the glaze slurry for 3-5 seconds. Do not glaze the bottom of the body and let it dry. The glazing thickness is 0.8-1 mm.

[0016] (4) After the green body is glazed and dried, it is placed in an electric kiln for firing. The firing process includes the following steps:

[0017] The first stage: the kiln temperature rises from room temperature to 1050℃ for 4 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1050℃ to 1220℃ for another 2 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1220℃ to 1340℃ for another 1.5 hours;

[0018] During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel wood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel wood after a 10-minute interval; when the kiln temperature rises to 1160℃, add the third fuel wood, and add the fourth fuel wood after a 5-minute interval. The amount of fuel wood added each time is 300g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0019] During the heating stage, firewood is added at multiple temperature nodes and time nodes. When the kiln temperature is lower in the early stage, the interval between adding firewood is longer; when the kiln temperature is higher in the later stage, the interval between adding firewood is shortened. In this way, the glaze reacts slowly in the early stage and reacts faster in the later stage, which makes it easy for the iron in the glaze to crystallize during the insulation stage. At the same time, the iron in the glaze is evenly distributed, and the defect of excessive iron accumulation and blistering on the glaze will not occur.

[0020] The second stage: keep warm at 1340℃ for 1h; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340℃, add the first group of oil firewood, add the second group of oil firewood after 10min, and add the third group of oil firewood after 3min. The amount of each group of oil firewood added is 160g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0021] The interval between adding oil and firewood is long in the early stage of heat preservation, and short in the later stage. The reducing atmosphere is light at the beginning and heavy at the end. The glaze reacts steadily in the early stage and violently in the later stage. The reaction is thorough, the glaze melts, and iron crystals are formed.

[0022] The third stage: After the insulation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped. The firewood feeding port of the kiln door is opened. The smoke from the burning of oil wood is exhausted for 5-6 minutes. Then, the blower is used to blow air into the kiln from the firewood feeding port to force cooling. After 25-30 minutes, the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃.

[0023] During this stage, after the remaining smoke is exhausted, air is blown through the firewood inlet, oxidation is stable, the Jianzhan is not easy to crack, and at the same time, micro-crystals are formed on the glaze surface, the persimmon red color is formed, and the glaze surface is moisturized;

[0024] The fourth stage: When the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃, close the firewood feeding port, allow the kiln to cool naturally, and then take the kiln out.

[0025] Furthermore, the plant ash is prepared by the following method: dry Narcissus tea tree branches and leaves and bamboo are mixed and burned in a weight ratio of 8:2 to obtain ashes, and the ashes are passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain plant ash.

[0026] The addition of wood ash is beneficial to improving the glossiness of Jianzhan glaze and improving the crystallization of the glaze.

[0027] After adopting the above technical solution, the present invention has the following advantages:

[0028] The process flow of the invention, such as the formula, firing atmosphere and temperature curve, is clear, easy to control, has good stability and a high yield rate. The fired Jianzhan glaze is persimmon red in color, has a crystal texture of overlapping peaks, and has a smooth and moist glaze surface with basically no pores. BRIEF DESCRIPTION OF THE DRAWINGS

[0029] Figure 1 This is a photo illustration of a Jian ware prepared in Example 1 of the present invention;

[0030] Figure 2 This is an example of a photograph taken from another angle of the Jianzhan prepared in Example 1 of the present invention. DETAILED DESCRIPTION

[0031] In order to make the purpose, technical solution and advantages of the present invention more clearly understood, the present invention is further described in detail below in conjunction with the accompanying drawings and embodiments. It should be understood that the specific embodiments described herein are only used to explain the present invention and are not intended to limit the present invention.

[0032] In the present invention, unless otherwise specified, all parts and percentages are by weight, and all equipment and raw materials can be purchased from the market or are commonly used in the industry. The methods in the following embodiments are conventional methods in the art unless otherwise specified.

[0033] Example 1

[0034] The firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan comprises the following steps:

[0035] (1) preparing green body raw materials and glaze slurry;

[0036] The green body raw material is prepared by the following method: 30 parts by weight of red clay, 10 parts by weight of field mud, and 60 parts by weight of kaolin are mixed, crushed, washed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, filtered, refined, and aged to obtain the green body raw material;

[0037] The glaze slurry is prepared by the following method: 60 parts by weight of glaze ore, 15 parts by weight of plant ash, 16 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, and 9 parts by weight of calcite are mixed to obtain a glaze material, 100 parts by weight of water are added, the mixture is put into a ball mill for grinding, and the mixture is passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a glaze slurry;

[0038] The red soil, field mud and kaolin were all taken from Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province, and the glaze ore was taken from Nanlin Village, Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province;

[0039] The plant ash is prepared by the following method: dry Narcissus tea tree branches and leaves and bamboo are mixed and burned in a weight ratio of 8:2 to obtain ash, and the ash is sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the plant ash.

[0040] (2) forming the green body raw material by wheel drawing and trimming to obtain a green body, and allowing the green body to stand and dry, and then biscuit firing;

[0041] (3) Glazing: Pour the glaze slurry into the body, leave it for 3-5 seconds, then turn the body upside down and immerse it in the glaze slurry for 3-5 seconds. Do not glaze the bottom of the body and let it dry. The glazing thickness is 0.8-1 mm.

[0042] (4) After the green body is glazed and dried, it is placed in an electric kiln for firing. The firing process includes the following steps:

[0043] The first stage: the kiln temperature rises from room temperature to 1050℃ for 4 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1050℃ to 1220℃ for another 2 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1220℃ to 1340℃ for another 1.5 hours;

[0044] During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel wood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel wood after a 10-minute interval; when the kiln temperature rises to 1160℃, add the third fuel wood, and add the fourth fuel wood after a 5-minute interval. The amount of fuel wood added each time is 300g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0045] The second stage: keep warm at 1340℃ for 1h; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340℃, add the first group of oil firewood, add the second group of oil firewood after 10min, and add the third group of oil firewood after 3min. The amount of each group of oil firewood added is 160g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0046] The third stage: After the insulation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped. The firewood feeding port of the kiln door is opened. The smoke from the burning of oil wood is exhausted for 5-6 minutes. Then, the blower is used to blow air into the kiln from the firewood feeding port to force cooling. After 25-30 minutes, the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃.

[0047] The fourth stage: When the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃, close the firewood feeding port, allow the kiln to cool naturally, and then take the kiln out.

[0048] The oil firewood of the present invention is also called pinewood root, pine tree root, pine firewood, which is rich in pine resin and can burn violently at high temperature. The oil firewood is thrown into the firewood hole of the kiln door. If there is no special instruction, the firewood hole is opened only when the oil firewood is thrown, and is closed at other times.

[0049] This embodiment uses a kiln with a furnace space of 0.5 cubic meters, a kiln door area of ​​about 0.8 square meters, and a firewood hole diameter of 20-25 cm. There are 10 Jianzhan in the kiln, and 9 good Jianzhan are obtained after firing, with a finished product rate of 90%.

[0050] refer to Figure 1 and Figure 2 The glaze color of the Jianzhan fired in this embodiment is persimmon red, with crystalline texture of overlapping mountains, and the surface of the glaze is smooth and moist, with basically no pores.

[0051] Example 2 and Example 3

[0052] Jianzhan is very sensitive to the parameters of the preparation process. Even a small change in the process parameters will have a great adverse effect on the appearance and other characteristics of the final product of Jianzhan, and even lead to the failure of Jianzhan preparation. Therefore, Jianzhan has very strict requirements on the preparation process. Example 2 and Example 3 prepared persimmon red Jianzhan according to the same preparation process as Example 1. The properties of the persimmon red Jianzhan prepared in Example 2 and Example 3 are basically similar to those of the persimmon red Jianzhan prepared in Example 1. The results show that the persimmon red Jianzhan prepared by the preparation process of Example 1 has a high yield rate, and the method has good repeatability, strong stability, and is easy to mass produce.

[0053] Jianzhan is very sensitive to the preparation process parameters. Even a small change in the process parameters will have a significant adverse effect on the appearance and other characteristics of the final Jianzhan product, as follows:

[0054] Comparative Example 1

[0055] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0056] Step (3) glazing: the glaze slurry is poured into the body, left for 1-2 seconds, and then the body is turned upside down and immersed in the glaze slurry for 1-2 seconds. The bottom of the body is not glazed and is air-dried; the glazing thickness is 0.5-0.6 mm;

[0057] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has a dark gray-red glaze color due to the thin glaze layer, and the crystal patterns appear thin, lacking in aesthetic appeal.

[0058] Comparative Example 2

[0059] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0060] Step (3) glazing: the glaze slurry is poured into the body, left for 7-8 seconds, and then the body is turned upside down and immersed in the glaze slurry for 7-8 seconds. The bottom of the body is not glazed and is air-dried; the glazing thickness is 1.1-1.3 mm;

[0061] The Jian teapot obtained in this comparative example has a poor sense of crystallization due to the thick glaze layer, no crystal texture of stacked peaks, and has the defect of glaze flowing and sticking to the bottom.

[0062] Comparative Example 3

[0063] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0064] The first stage of step (4): the kiln temperature is raised from room temperature to 1050°C over 4 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1050°C to 1220°C over another 2 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1220°C to 1320°C over another 1.5 hours;

[0065] During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel wood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel wood after a 10-minute interval; when the kiln temperature rises to 1160℃, add the third fuel wood, and add the fourth fuel wood after a 5-minute interval. The amount of fuel wood added each time is 300g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0066] The second stage: keep warm at 1320℃ for 1h; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340℃, add the first group of oil firewood, add the second group of oil firewood after 10min, and add the third group of oil firewood after 3min. The amount of each group of oil firewood added is 160g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0067] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has less crystallization on the glaze surface and poor crystal layering due to the too low firing temperature. It has no crystal texture with stacked peaks, the glaze surface is slightly less moist, and has slightly more pores on the glaze surface.

[0068] Comparative Example 4

[0069] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0070] The first stage of step (4): the kiln temperature is raised from room temperature to 1050°C over 4 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1050°C to 1220°C over another 2 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1220°C to 1355°C over another 1.5 hours;

[0071] During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel wood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel wood after a 10-minute interval; when the kiln temperature rises to 1160℃, add the third fuel wood, and add the fourth fuel wood after a 5-minute interval. The amount of fuel wood added each time is 300g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0072] The second stage: keep warm at 1355℃ for 1h; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340℃, add the first group of oil firewood, add the second group of oil firewood after 10min, and add the third group of oil firewood after 3min. The amount of each group of oil firewood added is 160g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0073] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has too many and too dense glaze crystals due to the overly high firing temperature. The crystals protrude from the glaze surface, making the glaze surface uneven and even causing the defect of glaze flowing and sticking to the bottom.

[0074] Comparative Example 5

[0075] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0076] The second stage of step (4): keep warm at 1340°C for 1 hour; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340°C, add the first group of fuel wood, add the second group of fuel wood after a 10-minute interval, and add the third group of fuel wood after a 10-minute interval, with each group of fuel wood adding 160g per cubic meter of kiln space;

[0077] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has less crystallization on the glaze surface than that in Example 1, and the crystal texture of the stacked peaks is not obvious, lacking in aesthetic appeal.

[0078] Comparative Example 6

[0079] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0080] The first stage: the kiln temperature rises from room temperature to 1050℃ for 4 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1050℃ to 1220℃ for another 2 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1220℃ to 1340℃ for another 1.5 hours;

[0081] At this stage, no firewood was thrown.

[0082] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has sparse crystals on the glaze surface, no crystal lines with stacked peaks are formed, and there is a defect of bubbling on the glaze surface.

[0083] Comparative Example 7

[0084] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0085] The first stage of step (4): the kiln temperature is raised from room temperature to 1050°C over 4 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1050°C to 1220°C over another 2 hours; the kiln temperature is raised from 1220°C to 1340°C over another 1.5 hours;

[0086] During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel oil firewood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel oil firewood after an interval of 10 minutes;

[0087] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has less crystallization on the glaze surface than that in Example 1, and no crystal texture with stacked peaks is formed, which lacks aesthetic appeal.

[0088] Comparative Example 8

[0089] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0090] The third stage of step (4): after the insulation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped, and the furnace door is opened to the maximum to cool down the furnace, and the furnace temperature drops to 1100°C;

[0091] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has cracks on the glaze surface and the glaze surface is slightly less moist. At the same time, opening the kiln door for rapid cooling causes great damage to the kiln and affects the service life of the kiln.

[0092] Comparative Example 9

[0093] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0094] The third stage of step (4): after the heat preservation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped, the firewood feeding port of the kiln door is opened, and the smoke from the burning of oil and firewood is exhausted for 5-6 minutes, and then the blower is used to blow air into the kiln from the firewood feeding port to force cooling. After 15-20 minutes, the kiln temperature drops to 1100°C;

[0095] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has less crystals on the glaze surface, poor crystal layering, and no crystal texture with stacked peaks.

[0096] Comparative Example 10

[0097] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0098] The third stage of step (4): after the heat preservation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped, the firewood feeding port of the kiln door is opened, and the smoke from the burning of oil and firewood is exhausted for 5-6 minutes, and then the blower is used to blow air into the kiln from the firewood feeding port to force cooling. After 35-40 minutes, the kiln temperature drops to 1100°C;

[0099] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has glaze crystals connected into one piece, with no sense of layering.

[0100] Comparative Example 11

[0101] The difference between this comparative example and Example 1 is that:

[0102] The third stage of step (4): after the insulation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is shut down;

[0103] The fourth stage: natural cooling and exiting the kiln.

[0104] The Jian ware obtained in this comparative example has a dull glaze color of brown-gray.

[0105] The above are only preferred specific embodiments of the present invention, but the protection scope of the present invention is not limited thereto. Any changes or substitutions that can be easily thought of by a person skilled in the art within the technical scope disclosed by the present invention should be included in the protection scope of the present invention. Therefore, the protection scope of the present invention should be based on the protection scope of the claims.

Claims

1. The firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan is characterized by: The following steps are involved: (1) preparing green body raw materials and glaze slurry; The green body raw material is prepared by the following method: 30 parts by weight of red clay, 10 parts by weight of field mud, and 60 parts by weight of kaolin are mixed, crushed, washed, passed through an 80-mesh sieve, filtered, refined, and aged to obtain the green body raw material; The glaze slurry is prepared by the following method: 60 parts by weight of glaze ore, 15 parts by weight of plant ash, 16 parts by weight of potassium feldspar, and 9 parts by weight of calcite are mixed to obtain a glaze material, 100 parts by weight of water are added, the mixture is put into a ball mill for grinding, and the mixture is passed through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain a glaze slurry; The red soil, field mud and kaolin were all taken from Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province, and the glaze ore was taken from Nanlin Village, Jianyang District, Nanping City, Fujian Province; (2) forming the green body raw material by wheel drawing and trimming to obtain a green body, and allowing the green body to stand and dry, and then biscuit firing; (3) Glazing: Pour the glaze slurry into the body, leave it for 3-5 seconds, then turn the body upside down and immerse it in the glaze slurry for 3-5 seconds. Do not glaze the bottom of the body and let it dry. The glazing thickness is 0.8-1 mm. (4) After the green body is glazed and dried, it is placed in an electric kiln for firing. The firing process includes the following steps: The first stage: the kiln temperature rises from room temperature to 1050℃ for 4 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1050℃ to 1220℃ for another 2 hours; the kiln temperature rises from 1220℃ to 1340℃ for another 1.5 hours; During this period, when the kiln temperature rises to 1050℃, add the first fuel wood from the firewood feeding port of the kiln door, and add the second fuel wood after a 10-minute interval; when the kiln temperature rises to 1160℃, add the third fuel wood, and add the fourth fuel wood after a 5-minute interval. The amount of fuel wood added each time is 300g per cubic meter of kiln space; The second stage: keep warm at 1340℃ for 1h; when the kiln temperature reaches 1340℃, add the first group of oil firewood, add the second group of oil firewood after 10min, and add the third group of oil firewood after 3min. The amount of each group of oil firewood added is 160g per cubic meter of kiln space; The third stage: After the insulation is completed, the power is turned off and the furnace is stopped. The firewood feeding port of the kiln door is opened. The smoke from the burning of oil wood is exhausted for 5-6 minutes. Then, the blower is used to blow air into the kiln from the firewood feeding port to force cooling. After 25-30 minutes, the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃. The fourth stage: When the kiln temperature drops to 1100℃, close the firewood feeding port, allow the kiln to cool naturally, and then take the kiln out.

2. The firing method of persimmon red Jianzhan according to claim 1, characterized in that: The plant ash is prepared by the following method: dry Narcissus tea tree branches and leaves and bamboo are mixed and burned in a weight ratio of 8:2 to obtain ash, and the ash is sieved through a 100-mesh sieve to obtain the plant ash.

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